EP3321508A1 - Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion - Google Patents

Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3321508A1
EP3321508A1 EP16198259.0A EP16198259A EP3321508A1 EP 3321508 A1 EP3321508 A1 EP 3321508A1 EP 16198259 A EP16198259 A EP 16198259A EP 3321508 A1 EP3321508 A1 EP 3321508A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
turbine
shaft
casing
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16198259.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Haydar SERBES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrosserie Technic Sprl
Original Assignee
Carrosserie Technic Sprl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrosserie Technic Sprl filed Critical Carrosserie Technic Sprl
Priority to EP16198259.0A priority Critical patent/EP3321508A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2017/078820 priority patent/WO2018087262A1/en
Priority to US16/348,659 priority patent/US20190323510A1/en
Priority to JP2019524944A priority patent/JP2020500272A/en
Priority to EP17801639.0A priority patent/EP3538769A1/en
Priority to CN201780071159.4A priority patent/CN109983233A/en
Publication of EP3321508A1 publication Critical patent/EP3321508A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/584—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling or heating the machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine.
  • the turbocharger is a supercharging system widely used in internal combustion engines in order to increase the efficiency.
  • the principle is to increase the density of the air admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine by compressing it with the aid of a compressor connected by a shaft to a turbine, which itself is rotated by the gases of exhaust.
  • a turbocharger In order to function optimally, a turbocharger generally requires the use downstream of the latter of a heat exchanger to cool the air and thus increase its density further, the compressed air generally having a high temperature at the outlet turbocharger. Because of their high temperature, the exhaust gases are the main source of heat inside the turbocharger. These exhaust gases are therefore at the origin of a temperature increase not beneficial for both the compressed air by the turbocharger but also for the bearings of the axis connecting the compressor and the turbine.
  • the document US2012 / 0003081 also discloses a turbocharger wherein a cooling jacket is adapted to supply compressed air directly from or downstream of the compressor into a cavity for cooling the bearing of the shaft.
  • a passage in which is placed or not a pressure relief valve, is provided between the inside of the compressor housing and the cooling cavity.
  • turbochargers of the prior art disclosed above thus make use of the air admitted into the compressor to cool the bearing or bearings supporting the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor.
  • the systems disclosed above do not, on the other hand, make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the heat flow generated by the inlet gases in the turbine on the air admitted into the compressor.
  • the present invention relates to a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing surrounding said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing surrounding said turbine, said compressor casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine, said turbine casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases, a shaft connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and rotating said shaft, said turbocharger comprising means for fixing the compressor casing to the turbine casing, said shaft comprising a free portion between the two casings, said fixing means being able to allow the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion and around said compressor and turbine casings.
  • the free portion of the shaft therefore communicates directly with the outside of the turbocharger because the means for fixing the compressor casing to the turbine casing allow the passage of an outside air flow around said housings and along said free portion, with a direct contact between the air flow and the free portion.
  • the presence of this free portion substantially decreases heat transfer by thermal conduction between the two housings that are observed in the prior art.
  • the fastening means of the compressor casing to the turbine casing comprise a plurality of pillars.
  • the turbocharger comprises two bearing housings for supporting the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, the first bearing housing being located between the turbine casing and the free portion of the shaft, the second housing bearing between the compressor housing and the free portion of the shaft.
  • the first bearing housing is attached to the turbine housing and the second bearing housing is attached to the compressor housing.
  • the first and second bearing housings therefore rotate the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine and can contain any type of bearing suitable for performing this function, whether they are for example smooth or rolling bearings.
  • the first and second bearing housings advantageously include an inlet and an outlet for receiving a lubricant and seals to prevent lubricant leakage to the free portion of the shaft and the turbine and compressor housings.
  • the free portion of the axis comprises air deflection means, said air deflection means being able to generate a flow of air when said shaft is rotating.
  • the air deflection means are able to generate a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor housing to the turbine casing. A flow of air flowing in this direction makes it possible to ventilate the compressor casing optimally by draining around it a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while pushing back the hot air surrounding it. the turbine casing and thereby preventing it from coming to heat the compressor housing.
  • the ventilation can be provided, totally or in addition to the ventilation system described above, by ventilation means located outside the turbocharger and supplied with energy by an external energy source.
  • said air ventilation means may comprise a fan placed near the compressor housing.
  • the air deflection means comprise a plurality of blades, for example two blades, fixed to the free portion of the shaft, which will therefore be actuated in rotation when the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases. 'exhaust.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention comprises a protective shell surrounding the free portion of the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor.
  • a protective shell has a role of protective barrier for the free portion of the shaft which will have a very high speed of rotation during operation of the turbocharger.
  • Such a shell can also cover all the compressor and turbine casings, leaving however openings around the compressor and turbine casings to allow passage of the air flow generated by the deflection means advantageously present air on the free portion of the tree.
  • the shell then acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the housings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a high temperature in operation.
  • the protective shell can be fixed on the fastening means of the turbine casing to the compressor housing, or directly on the turbine casings and compressor.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as described above.
  • a plurality of turbochargers according to the invention can also be installed on the same vehicle, according to series or parallel assemblies, for the purpose of optimizing the supercharging performance in the different operating speeds of the engine.
  • the Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention.
  • the turbocharger is therefore composed of a compressor casing 1 housing a radial compressor and a turbine casing 2 housing a radial turbine.
  • the turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft 3.
  • the compressor thus draws air 4 intended to be admitted into the engine and after having compressed it therefore sends it to the intake duct of the engine.
  • the turbine is driven by the exhaust gas 5 of the engine.
  • the compressor casing 1 is fixed to the turbine casing 2 by means of a plurality of pillars 6 and fixing plates 7a and 7b fixed to said casings 1 and 2.
  • the shaft 3 comprises a free portion 8 between the casings 1 and 2. two casings 1 and 2.
  • the free portion 8 thus communicates with the outside of the turbocharger.
  • the pillars 6 allow the passage of a flow of air from outside the turbocharger and circulating around the two casings 1 and 2 and along the free portion 8, the pillars 6 allowing a direct contact between the air flow and the free portion 8.
  • the presence of this free portion 8 greatly reduces heat transfer by heat conduction of the turbine casing to the compressor housing which are observed in the prior art when a central bearing housing is inserted between the two housings and is in contact with them.
  • the shaft 3 is advantageously supported by two bearings in bearing housings 9a and 9b.
  • the bearing housing 9a is attached to the compressor housing through the attachment plate 7a while the bearing housing 9b is attached to the turbine housing through the attachment plate 7b.
  • the bearings housed by the bearing housings 9a and 9b can be of any type provided that they are adapted to fulfill their role, namely to support and guide rotation shaft 3.
  • the bearings may for example be smooth, rolling or leaf.
  • the provision of a lubricant being generally required to ensure the proper functioning of a bearing, inlets and outlets (not shown) for lubricant drainage are advantageously drilled in the bearing housing 9a and 9b.
  • seals are advantageously introduced into the bearing housings 9a and 9b. It is important to mention that the presence of two dwellings is not strictly necessary. Embodiments in which a single bearing housing is present are also conceivable.
  • the single bearing housing may be the housing 9a or 9b or a bearing housing placed at a more intermediate position between the two casings 1 and 2.
  • the free portion 8 of the shaft 3 of the turbocharger illustrated Fig. 1 comprises two blades 10 forming a helix around the shaft 3. These blades thus constitute air deflection means actuated in rotation and able to generate an air flow 11 along the free portion 8 when the turbocharger is animated
  • the geometry of the blades 10 (not shown) is selected to generate a flow of air from the compressor housing to the turbine housing when the turbine and the compressor are rotated. A flow of air flowing in this direction makes it possible to ventilate optimally the compressor casing 1 by draining around it a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while pushing back the hot air surrounding the turbine casing 2 and thus preventing it from coming to heat the compressor casing 1.
  • the system according to the invention therefore gives the shaft which connects the compressor to the turbine a new function which is to serve as a support rotary device to a fan draining a flow of air around the compressor casing 1.
  • the presence of one part of the free portion 8 on the shaft 3, and secondly of air deflection means generating a flow of air air from the compressor casing 1 to the turbine casing 2 along the free portion 8, thus provides optimum cooling of the compressor casing 1 by decreasing the thermal conduction between the compressor casing 1 and the turbine casing 2 and ensuring by They have effective ventilation of the air near the crankcase. compressor 1.
  • the turbocharger shown in Figure 1 advantageously comprises a protective shell 12, here shown transparent for clarity, although an opaque shell can of course be used.
  • a protective shell 12 serves to protect access to the free portion 8 of the shaft 3, and in particular to the blades of 10 fixed to the shaft 3, which will rotate at a very high speed during operation of the turbocharger.
  • the shell 12 also acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the housings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a very high temperature in operation .
  • the protective shell 12 may be fixed on the fastening pillars 6 of the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or directly on the turbine casings and compressor, by means of fastening means such as slats 13.
  • the protective shell 12 however leaves openings around the compressor casings 1 and turbine 2 to allow the passage of the air flow 11.
  • the air 11 discharged around the turbine casing 2 can also be recovered by a recovery system heat and serve to heat certain components or areas of the vehicle.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention may also be a variable geometry turbocharger, that is to say provided with a turbine adapted to regulate the flow of exhaust gas, thus adjusting the flow to optimize the power of the turbine according to the load required.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention may also comprise a plurality of compressors and / or turbines arranged sequentially.
  • the turbocharger may for example comprise a central turbine connected to two compressors, one on each side thereof. A free portion 8 around which can circulate an air flow is then advantageously included on the shaft between the turbine and each of the two compressors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Turbocompresseur comprenant un compresseur et un carter de compresseur (1) enveloppant ledit compresseur, une turbine et un carter de turbine (2) enveloppant ladite turbine, ledit carter de compresseur (1) comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour l'air (4) admis dans la chambre de combustion du moteur, ledit carter de turbine (2) comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour les gaz d'échappement (5), un arbre (3) reliant ladite turbine et ledit compresseur, au moins un palier pour supporter et guider en rotation ledit arbre (3), ledit turbocompresseur comprenant des moyens de fixation (6, 7a, 7b) du carter de turbine (2) au carter de compresseur (1), ledit arbre (3) comprenant une portion libre (8) entre les deux carters (1, 2), lesdits moyens de fixation (6, 7a, 7b) étant aptes à permettre le passage d'un flux d'air circulant le long de ladite portion libre (8) et autour desdits carters de turbine (2) et de compresseur (1).A turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing (1) enclosing said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing (2) enclosing said turbine, said compressor casing (1) including an inlet and an outlet for air (4) admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine, said turbine casing (2) comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases (5), a shaft (3) connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and guiding said shaft (3) in rotation, said turbocharger comprising means (6, 7a, 7b) for attaching the turbine casing (2) to the compressor casing (1), said shaft (3) comprising a free portion (8) ) between the two casings (1, 2), said fixing means (6, 7a, 7b) being able to allow the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion (8) and around said casings turbine (2) and compressor (1).

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un turbocompresseur, en particulier un turbocompresseur pour un moteur à combustion interne.The invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine.

Description de l'art antérieurDescription of the prior art

Le turbocompresseur est un système de suralimentation abondamment utilisé dans les moteurs à combustion interne en vue d'en augmenter le rendement. Le principe est d'augmenter la densité de l'air admis dans la chambre de combustion du moteur en le comprimant à l'aide d'un compresseur relié par un arbre à une turbine, elle-même actionnée en rotation par les gaz d'échappement. Pour fonctionner de manière optimale, un turbocompresseur nécessite généralement l'utilisation en aval de celui-ci d'un échangeur de chaleur pour refroidir l'air et donc en accroitre encore sa densité, l'air comprimé ayant généralement une température élevée à la sortie du turbocompresseur. De par leur température élevée, les gaz d'échappement constituent la principale source de chaleur à l'intérieur du turbocompresseur. Ces gaz d'échappement sont donc à l'origine d'une augmentation de température non bénéfique à la fois pour l'air comprimé par le turbocompresseur mais aussi pour les paliers de l'axe reliant le compresseur et la turbine.The turbocharger is a supercharging system widely used in internal combustion engines in order to increase the efficiency. The principle is to increase the density of the air admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine by compressing it with the aid of a compressor connected by a shaft to a turbine, which itself is rotated by the gases of exhaust. In order to function optimally, a turbocharger generally requires the use downstream of the latter of a heat exchanger to cool the air and thus increase its density further, the compressed air generally having a high temperature at the outlet turbocharger. Because of their high temperature, the exhaust gases are the main source of heat inside the turbocharger. These exhaust gases are therefore at the origin of a temperature increase not beneficial for both the compressed air by the turbocharger but also for the bearings of the axis connecting the compressor and the turbine.

Le document US2014/0352299 divulgue un turbocompresseur dans lequel un conduit de refroidissement est conçu de manière à acheminer une partie de l'air comprimé dans le compresseur à proximité du palier de l'arbre entre la turbine et le compresseur. Un tel système de refroidissement a donc pour but de refroidir le palier en vue de le préserver de l'échauffement dû à la friction de l'arbre dans le palier et aux hautes températures des gaz d'échappement.The document US2014 / 0352299 discloses a turbocharger wherein a cooling duct is adapted to convey a portion of the compressed air into the compressor near the shaft bearing between the turbine and the compressor. Such a cooling system is therefore intended to cool the bearing to protect it from overheating due to the friction of the shaft in the bearing and the high temperatures of the exhaust gas.

Le document US2012/0003081 divulgue également un turbocompresseur dans lequel une chemise de refroidissement est conçue pour amener de l'air comprimé directement issu du compresseur ou en aval de celui-ci dans une cavité en vue de refroidir le palier de l'arbre. Un passage, dans lequel est placé ou non une soupape de surpression, est donc prévu entre l'intérieur du carter de compresseur et la cavité de refroidissement.The document US2012 / 0003081 also discloses a turbocharger wherein a cooling jacket is adapted to supply compressed air directly from or downstream of the compressor into a cavity for cooling the bearing of the shaft. A passage, in which is placed or not a pressure relief valve, is provided between the inside of the compressor housing and the cooling cavity.

Les turbocompresseurs de l'art antérieur dévoilés ci-dessus font donc usage de l'air admis dans le compresseur pour refroidir le ou les paliers supportant l'arbre reliant la turbine au compresseur. Les systèmes dévoilés ci-dessus ne permettent par contre pas de diminuer l'impact négatif du flux de chaleur généré par les gaz d'admission dans la turbine sur l'air admis dans le compresseur.The turbochargers of the prior art disclosed above thus make use of the air admitted into the compressor to cool the bearing or bearings supporting the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor. The systems disclosed above do not, on the other hand, make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the heat flow generated by the inlet gases in the turbine on the air admitted into the compressor.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

La présente invention est définie dans la revendication indépendante annexée. Les modes de réalisations préférés sont définis dans les revendications dépendentes.The present invention is defined in the appended independent claim. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

Selon un premier aspect, la présente invention se rapporte à un turbocompresseur comprenant un compresseur et un carter de compresseur enveloppant ledit compresseur, une turbine et un carter de turbine enveloppant ladite turbine, ledit carter de compresseur comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour l'air admis dans la chambre de combustion du moteur, ledit carter de turbine comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour les gaz d'échappement, un arbre reliant ladite turbine et ledit compresseur, au moins un palier pour supporter et guider en rotation ledit arbre, ledit turbocompresseur comprenant des moyens de fixation du carter de compresseur au carter de turbine, ledit arbre comprenant une portion libre entre les deux carters, lesdits moyens de fixation étant aptes à permettre le passage d'un flux d'air circulant le long de ladite portion libre et autour desdits carters de compresseur et de turbine.According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing surrounding said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing surrounding said turbine, said compressor casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine, said turbine casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases, a shaft connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and rotating said shaft, said turbocharger comprising means for fixing the compressor casing to the turbine casing, said shaft comprising a free portion between the two casings, said fixing means being able to allow the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion and around said compressor and turbine casings.

La présence de la portion libre, qui est donc une partie de l'arbre reliant le compresseur à la turbine qui n'est pas enfermée à l'intérieur d'un logement de palier, permet de diminuer la conduction de la chaleur du carter de turbine vers le carter de compresseur classiquement observée dans l'art antérieur. En effet, il a pu être observé que la présence d'un logement de palier entourant la totalité de la portion de l'arbre entre le carter de compresseur et le carter de turbine était à l'origine d'un flux non négligeable de chaleur du carter de turbine, chauffé donc par les gaz d'échappement, vers le carter de compresseur, dans lequel tout accroissement de température est donc néfaste en raison de la diminution de la densité de l'air comprimé qu'il entraine.The presence of the free portion, which is therefore a part of the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine which is not enclosed within a bearing housing, reduces the heat conduction of the casing of the housing. turbine to the compressor housing conventionally observed in the prior art. Indeed, it could be observed that the presence of a bearing housing surrounding the entire portion of the shaft between the compressor housing and the turbine casing was at the origin of a significant flow of heat from the turbine casing, thus heated by the exhaust gas, to the compressor casing, in which any increase in temperature is therefore detrimental due to the decrease in the density of the compressed air that it causes.

La portion libre de l'arbre communique donc directement avec l'extérieur du turbocompresseur car les moyens de fixation du carter de compresseur au carter de turbine permettent le passage d'un flux d'air extérieur autour desdits carters et long de ladite portion libre, avec un contact direct entre le flux d'air et la portion libre. La présence de cette portion libre diminue donc substantiallement les transferts de chaleur par conduction thermique entre les deux carters qui sont observés dans l'art antérieur.The free portion of the shaft therefore communicates directly with the outside of the turbocharger because the means for fixing the compressor casing to the turbine casing allow the passage of an outside air flow around said housings and along said free portion, with a direct contact between the air flow and the free portion. The presence of this free portion substantially decreases heat transfer by thermal conduction between the two housings that are observed in the prior art.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, les moyens de fixation du carter de compresseur au carter de turbine comprennent une pluralité de piliers.According to an advantageous embodiment, the fastening means of the compressor casing to the turbine casing comprise a plurality of pillars.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le turbocompresseur comprend deux logements de palier pour supporter l'arbre reliant le compresseur à la turbine, le premier logement de palier se trouvant entre le carter de turbine et la portion libre de l'arbre, le second logement de palier se trouvant entre le carter de compresseur et la portion libre de l'arbre. Le premier logement de palier est fixé au carter de turbine et le second logement de palier est fixé au carter de compresseur. Les premier et second logements de palier supportent donc en rotation l'arbre reliant le compresseur à la turbine et peuvent contenir tout type de palier approprié pour remplir cette fonction, qu'ils soient par exemple des paliers lisses ou à roulement. Les premier et second logement de palier comprennent avantageusement une entrée et une sortie pour recevoir un lubrifiant et des joints d'étanchéité pour empêcher les fuites de lubrifiant vers la portion libre de l'arbre et les carters de turbine et de compresseur.According to an advantageous embodiment, the turbocharger comprises two bearing housings for supporting the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, the first bearing housing being located between the turbine casing and the free portion of the shaft, the second housing bearing between the compressor housing and the free portion of the shaft. The first bearing housing is attached to the turbine housing and the second bearing housing is attached to the compressor housing. The first and second bearing housings therefore rotate the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine and can contain any type of bearing suitable for performing this function, whether they are for example smooth or rolling bearings. The first and second bearing housings advantageously include an inlet and an outlet for receiving a lubricant and seals to prevent lubricant leakage to the free portion of the shaft and the turbine and compressor housings.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, la portion libre de l'axe comprend des moyens de déflection d'air, lesdits moyens de déflection d'air étant aptes à générer un flux d'air lorsque ledit arbre est en rotation. Très avantageusement, les moyens de déflection d'air sont aptes à générer un flux d'air circulant dans le sens allant du carter de compresseur vers le carter de turbine. Un flux d'air circulant dans ce sens permet en effet de ventiler de manière optimale le carter de compresseur en drainant autour de lui un flux d'air à température ambiante provenant de l'extérieur du turbocompresseur, tout en repoussant l'air chaud entourant le carter de turbine et en empêchant par conséquent ce dernier de venir chauffer le carter de compresseur. La présence d'une part de la portion libre sur l'arbre reliant le compresseur à la turbine, et d'autre part de moyens de déflection d'air générant un flux d'air du carter de compresseur vers le carter de turbine le long de la portion libre, permet donc un refroidissement optimal du carter de compresseur en diminuant la conduction thermique entre le carter de compresseur et le carter de turbine et en assurant par ailleurs une ventilation efficace de l'air se trouvant à proximité du carter de compresseur. Cela garantit un isolement thermique optimal du carter de compresseur par rapport au carter de turbine. Avec un tel système, il peut être observé que le rendement du moteur relié au turbocompresseur est significativement amélioré et que l'utilisation d'un échangeur de chaleur (« intercooler ») n'est par ailleurs plus obligatoire. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, la ventilation peut être assurée, totalement ou en complément du système de ventilation précédemment décrit, par des moyens de ventilation se trouvant à l'extérieur du turbocompresseur et alimentés en énergie par une source d'énergie externe. Par exemple, lesdits moyens de ventilation d'air peuvent comprendre un ventilateur placé à proximité du carter de compresseur.According to an advantageous embodiment, the free portion of the axis comprises air deflection means, said air deflection means being able to generate a flow of air when said shaft is rotating. Very advantageously, the air deflection means are able to generate a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor housing to the turbine casing. A flow of air flowing in this direction makes it possible to ventilate the compressor casing optimally by draining around it a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while pushing back the hot air surrounding it. the turbine casing and thereby preventing it from coming to heat the compressor housing. The presence on the one hand of the free portion on the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, and on the other hand air deflection means generating a flow of air from the compressor housing to the turbine casing along of the free portion, thus allows optimum cooling of the compressor housing by reducing the thermal conduction between the compressor housing and the turbine housing and also ensuring effective ventilation of the air in the vicinity of the compressor housing. This ensures optimal thermal insulation of the compressor housing relative to the turbine housing. With such a system, it can be observed that the efficiency of the engine connected to the turbocharger is significantly improved and that the use of a heat exchanger ("intercooler") is also no longer required. In other embodiments, the ventilation can be provided, totally or in addition to the ventilation system described above, by ventilation means located outside the turbocharger and supplied with energy by an external energy source. For example, said air ventilation means may comprise a fan placed near the compressor housing.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, les moyens de déflection d'air comprennent une pluralité de pales, par exemple deux pales, fixées à la portion libre de l'arbre, qui seront donc actionnées en rotation lorsque le turbocompresseur est animé par les gaz d'échappement.According to an advantageous embodiment, the air deflection means comprise a plurality of blades, for example two blades, fixed to the free portion of the shaft, which will therefore be actuated in rotation when the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases. 'exhaust.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le turbocompresseur selon l'invention comprend une coque de protection entourant la portion libre de l'arbre reliant la turbine au compresseur. Une telle coque a un rôle de barrière de protection pour la portion libre de l'arbre qui aura une vitesse de rotation très élevée lors du fonctionnement du turbocompresseur. Une telle coque peut également recouvrir l'intégralité des carters de compresseur et de turbine, en laissant toutefois des ouvertures autour des carters de compresseur et de turbine pour permettre le passage du flux d'air généré par les moyens de déflection d'air avantageusement présent sur la portion libre de l'arbre. Dans ce cas, la coque joue alors un rôle de barrière pour prévenir les contacts directs entre un opérateur et les carters, en particulier le carter de turbine qui aura une température élevée en fonctionnement. La coque de protection peut être fixée sur les moyens de fixation du carter de turbine au carter de compresseur, ou encore directement sur les carters de turbine et de compresseur.According to an advantageous embodiment, the turbocharger according to the invention comprises a protective shell surrounding the free portion of the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor. Such a shell has a role of protective barrier for the free portion of the shaft which will have a very high speed of rotation during operation of the turbocharger. Such a shell can also cover all the compressor and turbine casings, leaving however openings around the compressor and turbine casings to allow passage of the air flow generated by the deflection means advantageously present air on the free portion of the tree. In this case, the shell then acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the housings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a high temperature in operation. The protective shell can be fixed on the fastening means of the turbine casing to the compressor housing, or directly on the turbine casings and compressor.

Selon un second aspect, l'invention se rapporte à un véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne relié à un turbocompresseur tel que décrit ci-dessus. Une pluralité de turbocompresseurs selon l'invention peut par ailleurs être installée sur un même véhicule, selon des montages en série ou en parallèle, en vue de l'optimisation des performances de suralimentation dans les différents régimes de fonctionnement du moteur.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as described above. A plurality of turbochargers according to the invention can also be installed on the same vehicle, according to series or parallel assemblies, for the purpose of optimizing the supercharging performance in the different operating speeds of the engine.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Ces aspects de l'invention et d'autres aspects complémentaires seront expliqués plus en détails au moyen d'exemples et par référence au dessin annexé :

  • La Figure 1 représente un mode de réalisation du turbocompresseur selon l'invention;
These and other aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings:
  • The Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention;

La figure n'est pas dessinée à l'échelle.The figure is not drawn to scale.

Description détaillées de modes de réalisation préférés Detailed scription of preferred embodiments

La Figure 1 représente un mode de réalisation du turbocompresseur selon l'invention. Le turbocompresseur est donc composé d'un carter de compresseur 1 abritant un compresseur radial et d'un carter de turbine 2 abritant une turbine radiale. La turbine est reliée au compresseur par un arbre 3. Le compresseur aspire donc l'air 4 destiné à être admis dans le moteur et après l'avoir comprimé l'envoie donc vers le conduit d'admission du moteur. La turbine est quant à elle animée par les gaz d'échappement 5 du moteur. Le carter de compresseur 1 est fixé au carter de turbine 2 par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de piliers 6 et de plaques de fixation 7a et 7b fixées aux dits carters 1 et 2. L'arbre 3 comprend une portion libre 8 entre les deux carters 1 et 2.The Figure 1 represents an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention. The turbocharger is therefore composed of a compressor casing 1 housing a radial compressor and a turbine casing 2 housing a radial turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft 3. The compressor thus draws air 4 intended to be admitted into the engine and after having compressed it therefore sends it to the intake duct of the engine. The turbine is driven by the exhaust gas 5 of the engine. The compressor casing 1 is fixed to the turbine casing 2 by means of a plurality of pillars 6 and fixing plates 7a and 7b fixed to said casings 1 and 2. The shaft 3 comprises a free portion 8 between the casings 1 and 2. two casings 1 and 2.

La portion libre 8 communique donc avec l'extérieur du turbocompresseur. En particulier, les piliers 6 permettent le passage d'un flux d'air provenant de l'extérieur du turbocompresseur et circulant autour des deux carters 1 et 2 et le long de la portion libre 8, les piliers 6 permettant un contact direct entre le flux d'air et la portion libre 8. La présence de cette portion libre 8 diminue fortement les transferts de chaleur par conduction thermique du carter de turbine vers le carter de compresseur qui sont observés dans l'art antérieur lorsqu'un logement de palier central est inséré entre les deux carters et est en contact avec ceux-ci.The free portion 8 thus communicates with the outside of the turbocharger. In particular, the pillars 6 allow the passage of a flow of air from outside the turbocharger and circulating around the two casings 1 and 2 and along the free portion 8, the pillars 6 allowing a direct contact between the air flow and the free portion 8. The presence of this free portion 8 greatly reduces heat transfer by heat conduction of the turbine casing to the compressor housing which are observed in the prior art when a central bearing housing is inserted between the two housings and is in contact with them.

L'arbre 3 est avantageusement supporté par deux paliers se trouvant dans des logements de palier 9a et 9b. Le logement de palier 9a est fixé au carter de compresseur par l'intermédiaire de la plaque de fixation 7a tandis que le logement de palier 9b est fixé au carter de turbine par l'intermédiaire de la plaque de fixation 7b. Les paliers abrités par les logements de palier 9a et 9b peuvent être de n'importe quel type pourvu qu'ils soient adaptés à remplir leur rôle, à savoir supporter et guider en rotation l'arbre 3. Les paliers peuvent par exemple être lisses, à roulement ou encore à feuilles. Par ailleurs, l'apport d'un lubrifiant étant en général requis pour assurer le bon fonctionnement d'un palier, des entrées et des sorties (non représentées) pour le drainage en lubrifiant sont avantageusement percées dans les logements de palier 9a et 9b. Pour éviter les fuites de lubrifiant vers la portion libre 8 et les carters de compresseur et de turbine 1 et 2, des joints d'étanchéité (non représentés) sont avantageusement introduits dans les logements de palier 9a et 9b. Il est important de mentionner que la présence de deux logements de palier n'est pas strictement nécessaire. Des modes de réalisation dans lesquels un unique logement de palier est présent sont aussi envisageables. L'unique logement de palier peut être le logement 9a ou 9b ou encore un logement de palier placé à une position plus intermédiaire entre les deux carters 1 et 2.The shaft 3 is advantageously supported by two bearings in bearing housings 9a and 9b. The bearing housing 9a is attached to the compressor housing through the attachment plate 7a while the bearing housing 9b is attached to the turbine housing through the attachment plate 7b. The bearings housed by the bearing housings 9a and 9b can be of any type provided that they are adapted to fulfill their role, namely to support and guide rotation shaft 3. The bearings may for example be smooth, rolling or leaf. Moreover, the provision of a lubricant being generally required to ensure the proper functioning of a bearing, inlets and outlets (not shown) for lubricant drainage are advantageously drilled in the bearing housing 9a and 9b. To prevent lubricant leakage to the free portion 8 and the compressor and turbine casings 1 and 2, seals (not shown) are advantageously introduced into the bearing housings 9a and 9b. It is important to mention that the presence of two dwellings is not strictly necessary. Embodiments in which a single bearing housing is present are also conceivable. The single bearing housing may be the housing 9a or 9b or a bearing housing placed at a more intermediate position between the two casings 1 and 2.

La portion libre 8 de l'arbre 3 du turbocompresseur illustré la Fig. 1 comprend deux pales 10 formant une hélice autour de l'arbre 3. Ces pales constituent donc des moyens de déflection d'air actionnés en rotation et aptes à générer un flux d'air 11 le long de la portion libre 8 lorsque le turbocompresseur est animé par les gaz d'échappement 5. La géométrie des pales 10 (non représentée) est choisie de manière à générer un flux d'air allant du carter de compresseur vers le carter de turbine lorsque la turbine et le compresseur sont animés en rotation. Un flux d'air circulant dans ce sens permet en effet de ventiler de manière optimale le carter de compresseur 1 en drainant autour de lui un flux d'air à température ambiante provenant de l'extérieur du turbocompresseur, tout en repoussant l'air chaud entourant le carter de turbine 2 et en l'empêchant par conséquent de venir chauffer le carter de compresseur 1. Le système selon l'invention confère donc à l'arbre qui relie le compresseur à la turbine une nouvelle fonction qui est de servir de support rotatif à un ventilateur drainant un flux d'air autour du carter de compresseur 1. La présence d'une part de la portion libre 8 sur l'arbre 3, et d'autre part de moyens de déflection d'air générant un flux d'air du carter de compresseur 1 vers le carter de turbine 2 le long de la portion libre 8, offre donc un refroidissement optimal du carter de compresseur 1 en diminuant la conduction thermique entre le carter de compresseur 1 et le carter de turbine 2 et en assurant par ailleurs une ventilation efficace de l'air se trouvant à proximité du carter de compresseur 1. Avec un tel système, il peut être observé que le rendement du moteur relié au turbocompresseur est significativement amélioré et que l'utilisation d'un échangeur de chaleur,de type « intercooler » par exemple, n'est par ailleurs plus obligatoire.The free portion 8 of the shaft 3 of the turbocharger illustrated Fig. 1 comprises two blades 10 forming a helix around the shaft 3. These blades thus constitute air deflection means actuated in rotation and able to generate an air flow 11 along the free portion 8 when the turbocharger is animated The geometry of the blades 10 (not shown) is selected to generate a flow of air from the compressor housing to the turbine housing when the turbine and the compressor are rotated. A flow of air flowing in this direction makes it possible to ventilate optimally the compressor casing 1 by draining around it a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while pushing back the hot air surrounding the turbine casing 2 and thus preventing it from coming to heat the compressor casing 1. The system according to the invention therefore gives the shaft which connects the compressor to the turbine a new function which is to serve as a support rotary device to a fan draining a flow of air around the compressor casing 1. The presence of one part of the free portion 8 on the shaft 3, and secondly of air deflection means generating a flow of air air from the compressor casing 1 to the turbine casing 2 along the free portion 8, thus provides optimum cooling of the compressor casing 1 by decreasing the thermal conduction between the compressor casing 1 and the turbine casing 2 and ensuring by They have effective ventilation of the air near the crankcase. compressor 1. With such a system, it can be observed that the efficiency of the engine connected to the turbocharger is significantly improved and that the use of a heat exchanger, type "intercooler" for example, is also no longer required .

Le turbocompresseur illustré à la Figure 1 comprend avantageusement une coque de protection 12, ici représentée transparente pour plus de clarté, bien qu'une coque opaque puisse bien sûr être utilisée. Une telle coque 12 a pour fonction de protéger l'accès à la portion libre 8 de l'arbre 3, et en particulier aux pales de 10 fixées à l'arbre 3, qui tourneront à très grande vitesse lors du fonctionnement du turbocompresseur. Lorsqu'elle recouvre les carters de compresseur 1 et de turbine 2, la coque 12 joue alors également un rôle de barrière pour prévenir les contacts directs entre un opérateur et les carters, en particulier le carter de turbine qui aura une température très élevée en fonctionnement. La coque de protection 12 peut être fixée sur les piliers de fixation 6 du carter de turbine au carter de compresseur, ou encore directement sur les carters de turbine et de compresseur, par l'intermédiaire de moyens de fixation tels que des lattes 13. La coque de protection 12 laisse toutefois des ouvertures autour des carters de compresseur 1 et de turbine 2 pour permettre le passage du flux d'air 11. L'air 11 évacué autour du carter de turbine 2 peut par ailleurs être récupéré par un système de récupération de chaleur et servir à chauffer certains composants ou zones du véhicule.The turbocharger shown in Figure 1 advantageously comprises a protective shell 12, here shown transparent for clarity, although an opaque shell can of course be used. Such a shell 12 serves to protect access to the free portion 8 of the shaft 3, and in particular to the blades of 10 fixed to the shaft 3, which will rotate at a very high speed during operation of the turbocharger. When it covers the compressor casings 1 and turbine 2, the shell 12 also acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the housings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a very high temperature in operation . The protective shell 12 may be fixed on the fastening pillars 6 of the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or directly on the turbine casings and compressor, by means of fastening means such as slats 13. The protective shell 12 however leaves openings around the compressor casings 1 and turbine 2 to allow the passage of the air flow 11. The air 11 discharged around the turbine casing 2 can also be recovered by a recovery system heat and serve to heat certain components or areas of the vehicle.

Le turbocompresseur selon l'invention peut par ailleurs être un turbocompresseur à géométrie variable, c'est-à-dire muni d'une turbine apte à réguler la circulation des gaz d'échappement, en ajustant ainsi le débit afin d'optimiser la puissance de la turbine en fonction de la charge demandée. Le turbocompresseur selon l'invention peut par ailleurs comporter une pluralité de compresseurs et/ou de turbines arrangés séquentiellement. Le turbocompresseur peut par exemple comprendre une turbine centrale reliée à deux compresseurs, un de chaque coté de celle-ci. Une portion libre 8 autour de laquelle peut circuler un flux d'air est alors avantageusement incluse sur l'arbre entre la turbine et chacun des deux compresseurs.The turbocharger according to the invention may also be a variable geometry turbocharger, that is to say provided with a turbine adapted to regulate the flow of exhaust gas, thus adjusting the flow to optimize the power of the turbine according to the load required. The turbocharger according to the invention may also comprise a plurality of compressors and / or turbines arranged sequentially. The turbocharger may for example comprise a central turbine connected to two compressors, one on each side thereof. A free portion 8 around which can circulate an air flow is then advantageously included on the shaft between the turbine and each of the two compressors.

Claims (8)

Turbocompresseur comprenant un compresseur et un carter de compresseur (1) enveloppant ledit compresseur, une turbine et un carter de turbine (2) enveloppant ladite turbine, ledit carter de compresseur (1) comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour l'air (4) admis dans la chambre de combustion du moteur, ledit carter de turbine (2) comprenant une entrée et une sortie pour les gaz d'échappement (5), un arbre (3) reliant ladite turbine et ledit compresseur, au moins un palier (9a, 9b) pour supporter et guider en rotation ledit arbre (3), ledit turbocompresseur comprenant des moyens de fixation (6, 7a, 7b) du carter de compresseur (1) au carter de turbine (2),
caractérisé en ce que ledit arbre (3) comprend une portion libre (8) entre les deux carters (1, 2), lesdits moyens de fixation (6, 7a, 7b) étant aptes à permettre le passage d'un flux d'air circulant le long de ladite portion libre (8) et autour desdits carters de compresseur (1) et de turbine (2).A turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing (1) enclosing said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing (2) enclosing said turbine, said compressor casing (1) including an inlet and an outlet for air (4) admitted into the combustion chamber of the engine, said turbine casing (2) comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases (5), a shaft (3) connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing (9a , 9b) for supporting and guiding said shaft (3) in rotation, said turbocharger comprising means (6, 7a, 7b) for attaching the compressor casing (1) to the turbine casing (2),
characterized in that said shaft (3) comprises a free portion (8) between the two casings (1, 2), said fixing means (6, 7a, 7b) being able to allow the passage of an air flow circulating along said free portion (8) and around said compressor casings (1) and turbine (2). Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 1 dans lequel la portion libre (8) de l'arbre (3) comprend de moyens de déflection d'air (10), lesdits moyens de déflection d'air (10) étant aptes à générer un flux d'air lorsque ledit arbre (3) est en rotation.Turbocharger according to claim 1 wherein the free portion (8) of the shaft (3) comprises air deflection means (10), said air deflection means (10) being able to generate a flow of air air when said shaft (3) is rotating. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 2 dans lequel les moyens de déflection d'air (10) sont aptes à générer un flux d'air circulant dans le sens allant du carter de compresseur (1) vers le carter de turbine (2).Turbocharger according to claim 2 wherein the air deflection means (10) are adapted to generate a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor housing (1) to the turbine casing (2). Turbocompresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 dans lequel les moyens de déflection d'air comprennent des pales (10) fixée audit arbre (3).Turbocharger according to any one of claims 2 and 3 wherein the air deflection means comprise blades (10) fixed to said shaft (3). Turbocompresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel une coque de protection (12) est fixée autour dudit carter de compresseur (1), dudit carter de turbine (2) et de ladite portion libre (8) de l'arbre (3).A turbocharger according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a protective shell (12) is fixed around said compressor casing (1), said turbine casing (2) and said free portion (8) of the shaft (3). ). Turbocompresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel les moyens de fixation du carter de compresseur (1) au carter de turbine (2) comprennent une pluralité de piliers (6).Turbocharger according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the means for attaching the compressor casing (1) to the turbine casing (2) comprise a plurality of pillars (6). Turbocompresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant un premier logement de palier (9a) se trouvant entre le carter de compresseur (1) et la portion libre (8) de l'arbre et un second logement de palier (9b) se trouvant entre le carter de turbine (2) et la portion libre de l'arbre (8).A turbocharger according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a first bearing housing (9a) located between the compressor housing (1) and the free portion (8) of the shaft and a second bearing housing (9b) lying between the turbine casing (2) and the free portion of the shaft (8). Véhicule caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moteur à combustion interne relié à un turbocompresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Vehicle characterized in that it comprises an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP16198259.0A 2016-11-10 2016-11-10 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion Withdrawn EP3321508A1 (en)

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EP16198259.0A EP3321508A1 (en) 2016-11-10 2016-11-10 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion
PCT/EP2017/078820 WO2018087262A1 (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion
US16/348,659 US20190323510A1 (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion
JP2019524944A JP2020500272A (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger having shaft with free part
EP17801639.0A EP3538769A1 (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion
CN201780071159.4A CN109983233A (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with the axis for including free portion

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WO2018087262A1 (en) 2018-05-17
EP3538769A1 (en) 2019-09-18
CN109983233A (en) 2019-07-05

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