EP3310973B1 - Construction of the prefabricated column and beam type - Google Patents

Construction of the prefabricated column and beam type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3310973B1
EP3310973B1 EP16728392.8A EP16728392A EP3310973B1 EP 3310973 B1 EP3310973 B1 EP 3310973B1 EP 16728392 A EP16728392 A EP 16728392A EP 3310973 B1 EP3310973 B1 EP 3310973B1
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Prior art keywords
beams
construction
columns
prefabricated
technique
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EP16728392.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3310973A1 (en
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Libère Nitunga
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G25/00—Shores or struts; Chocks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0237—Structural braces with damping devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/024—Structures with steel columns and beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2406—Connection nodes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2418—Details of bolting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2451—Connections between closed section profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2496—Shear bracing therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B2001/2696—Shear bracing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for constructing prefabricated post and beam type buildings, whether of wood, reinforced concrete or any other material.
  • Reinforced concrete buildings of the post-beam type are rather rare, because it is more advantageous to make horizontal and vertical linkages, in one piece for each floor, as much as possible: reinforcement and concrete pouring.
  • posts and beams are widely used. They are always prefabricated and brought to construction sites to be assembled using various points and / or fittings.
  • the document FR 941.058 discloses a construction technique of the post and prefabricated beam type according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a construction technique of wood, reinforced concrete or any other material, which consists in using posts and beams prefabricated in the factory, and in making their connection on the construction site, on the one hand by a system of vertical and horizontal bracing, and on the other hand by a reinforced concrete junction at their intersection.
  • braces which securely hold the posts and beams in their final position as soon as their installation is completed. They make a connection that we describe here as peripheral, as opposed to the central connection made at the intersection of said posts and beams.
  • Threaded rods are the most suitable means of joining braces to posts and beams.
  • the central junction can itself be cast on site; we then speak of partial prefabrication, or prefabricated, and we then speak of total prefabrication.
  • the contact surface between a brace and a post or beam can be simple, without any special arrangement. In this case, if there is a force which tends to open or close the angle formed by the column and the beam, the bracing will play its role by opposing it. But so that the bracing does not slide along the post or the beam, the connecting rod will be stressed in shear and must therefore be of large section. To remedy this problem, roughness is provided on said surfaces, a notch in the post or beam, a notch in which a wedge fits at the end of the bracing, etc. Such a system prevents any risk of the bracing slipping against the post or against the beam in the event of a force tending to modify the angle formed by the post and the beam.
  • the external notch prevents the closing of said angle, and the internal notch prevents its opening.
  • the internal notch is longer than the external notch, and can even form an acute angle with the axis of the post or beam.
  • a joint is applied at their intersection. form of cement mortar for example.
  • bracing pieces There is no limit in the number or inclination of the bracing pieces, nor in the number or type of their attachment to posts or beams: bolts, dowels, rivets, nails, etc. The same applies to the connection between the terminal blocks and the ends of the posts and beams described below.
  • Partial prefabrication pouring the junction on site
  • the beams are prefabricated in the factory, with bars or waiting bars which will enter the junctions.
  • an area of around 20 cm is provided at the base which will be concreted on site at the time of their installation, with waiting bars.
  • waiting bars are provided at the top of the posts to form part of the junction, and to serve as waiting bars for the subsequent assembly of the post of the upper floor.
  • the reinforcement of the junction is prefabricated, either fully or partially. It can take the form of a metal frame, preferably welded.
  • the posts and beams whose reinforcement entering the junction is prefabricated are provided with small pieces of waiting iron on which will be welded the prefabricated reinforcement of the junction.
  • a complete terminal block with as many branches as there are posts and beams in this node will be connected to the ends of the posts and beams which enter the node.
  • the area of assembly of a branch of the block with a post or a beam can be cut along an oblique line, i.e. bevel, along a straight line, along a broken line, ie staircase, etc. .
  • terminal blocks as well as the ends of the posts and beams which form the junction, are manufactured in such a way as to provide them with high mechanical resistance: dense reinforcement and maximum dosage of concrete.
  • the contact surfaces have deep grooves or other forms of roughness, intended to prevent the relative movement of the elements to be connected.
  • Threaded rods are the most suitable means of joining posts and beams to terminal blocks.
  • the ends of the posts and beams which enter this node then take the form of a T to correspond to the dimensions of the terminal block thus formed.
  • the thickness of the different parts of the terminal block must take into account the thickness of the ends of the posts and beams to which it will be linked, so that the total thickness does not differ too much from the thickness of the posts and beams, for example 20 cm.
  • the central part of the terminal block which is not attached to any end of post or beam keeps the thickness of the posts and beams, 20 cm in our example.
  • the areas of the terminal block to which are attached only one end of a post or beam have a thickness of the order of 10 cm in our example, half the thickness of the structure of the construction. The same is true, mutatis mutandis, of the areas of the terminal block which are crossed by two ends.
  • the thickness of one end of a post or beam must in turn take account of the thickness of the other ends and of the branch of the terminal block with which they will be in contact in the knot, to make a total thickness of 20 cm in our example.
  • the assembly of posts and beams is usually done using various fittings.
  • the junction is made of reinforced concrete. It is then a question of securely fixing steel bars to the ends of the posts and beams, so that they have waiting bars which will participate in the production of said junction.
  • the present invention also takes advantage of cross nailing for good fixing of wooden braces, on posts and beams also in wood.
  • the zones which are liable to crack or burst due to intensive nailing are surrounded by compression fittings, which at the same time increases the pressure exerted on the nails used and therefore improves the connection produced.
  • the primary object of the invention is the most extensive prefabrication possible of the structure of buildings of the column and beam type, prefabrication which allows industrialization of this type of construction.
  • the main development which makes it possible to achieve this objective under the same technical conditions, or even better than in the conventional system, is the massive use of bracing in both the vertical and horizontal directions. They constitute a peripheral and solid junction which connects the posts and the beams on the one hand and the beams between them on the other hand.
  • the central junction which takes place at the intersection of posts and beams, can be carried out on site or prefabricated, and therefore industrialized, or at least highly standardized.
  • this modular lattice structure is lighter than a conventional structure.
  • the main constraint of the system is that the braces occupy the axis of the walls for more efficiency, which prevents or reduces the use of usual materials in the construction of walls such as bricks and blocks of all kinds. But this will push manufacturers to adopt more often the walls and walls suitable for this type of structure, for example the panels currently used in wooden construction.
  • Such a construction system is of special interest for regions with high seismic risk, since the building is light, consisting of a set of structurally self-sufficient units, highly triangulated and therefore very little deformable, all this at a relatively modest cost. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention est relative à une technique de construction de bâtiments type poteaux et poutres préfabriqués, qu'ils soient en bois, en béton armé ou en toute autre matière.The present invention relates to a technique for constructing prefabricated post and beam type buildings, whether of wood, reinforced concrete or any other material.

Technique antérieurePrior art

Les bâtiments en béton armé du type poteaux - poutres sont plutôt rares, car il est plus avantageux de réaliser des chaînages horizontaux et verticaux, d'une seule pièce pour chaque étage, dans toute la mesure du possible : ferraillage et coulage du béton.Reinforced concrete buildings of the post-beam type are rather rare, because it is more advantageous to make horizontal and vertical linkages, in one piece for each floor, as much as possible: reinforcement and concrete pouring.

Dans le cadre de la construction en bois par contre, les poteaux et les poutres connaissent une large utilisation. Ils sont toujours préfabriqués et amenés sur sites de construction pour être assemblés à l'aide de diverses pointes et/ou ferrures.In the context of wooden construction, however, posts and beams are widely used. They are always prefabricated and brought to construction sites to be assembled using various points and / or fittings.

Le document FR 941.058 divulgue une technique de construction du type poteaux et poutres préfabriquées selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document FR 941.058 discloses a construction technique of the post and prefabricated beam type according to the preamble of claim 1.

Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention

La présente invention a pour objet une technique de construction en bois, en béton armé ou en toute autre matière, qui consiste à utiliser des poteaux et des poutres préfabriqués en usine, et à réaliser leur liaison sur site de construction, d'une part par un système de contreventements verticaux et horizontaux, et d'autre part par une jonction en béton armé au niveau de leur intersection.The present invention relates to a construction technique of wood, reinforced concrete or any other material, which consists in using posts and beams prefabricated in the factory, and in making their connection on the construction site, on the one hand by a system of vertical and horizontal bracing, and on the other hand by a reinforced concrete junction at their intersection.

Un rôle central est joué par les contreventements qui maintiennent solidement les poteaux et les poutres dans leur position définitive dès que leur mise en place est terminée. Ils réalisent une liaison que nous qualifions ici de périphérique, par opposition à la liaison centrale réalisée à l'intersection des dits poteaux et poutres.A central role is played by the braces which securely hold the posts and beams in their final position as soon as their installation is completed. They make a connection that we describe here as peripheral, as opposed to the central connection made at the intersection of said posts and beams.

Les tiges filetées sont le moyen d'assemblage des contreventements aux poteaux et aux poutres le plus adéquat.Threaded rods are the most suitable means of joining braces to posts and beams.

La jonction centrale, peut elle-même être coulée sur site ; nous parlons alors de préfabrication partielle, ou préfabriquée, et nous parlons alors de préfabrication totale. La surface de contact entre un contreventement et un poteau ou une poutre peut être simple, sans aucune disposition particulière. Dans ce cas, s'il y a une force qui tend à ouvrir ou à fermer l'angle formé par le poteau et la poutre, le contreventement va jouer son rôle en s'y opposant. Mais pour que le contreventement ne glisse pas le long du poteau ou de la poutre, la tige d'assemblage va être sollicitée en cisaillement et devra en conséquence être de grande section. Pour remédier à ce problème, on prévoit des aspérités sur lesdites surfaces, une encoche dans le poteau ou la poutre, une encoche dans laquelle rentre une cale prévue à l'extrémité du contreventement, etc. Un tel système empêche tout risque de glissement du contreventement contre le poteau ou contre la poutre en cas de force tendant à modifier l'angle formé par le poteau et la poutre.The central junction can itself be cast on site; we then speak of partial prefabrication, or prefabricated, and we then speak of total prefabrication. The contact surface between a brace and a post or beam can be simple, without any special arrangement. In this case, if there is a force which tends to open or close the angle formed by the column and the beam, the bracing will play its role by opposing it. But so that the bracing does not slide along the post or the beam, the connecting rod will be stressed in shear and must therefore be of large section. To remedy this problem, roughness is provided on said surfaces, a notch in the post or beam, a notch in which a wedge fits at the end of the bracing, etc. Such a system prevents any risk of the bracing slipping against the post or against the beam in the event of a force tending to modify the angle formed by the post and the beam.

L'encoche extérieure empêche la fermeture dudit angle, et l'encoche intérieure empêche son ouverture. Pour plus d'efficacité, l'encoche intérieure est plus longue que l'encoche extérieure, et peut même former un angle aigu avec l'axe du poteau ou de la poutre. Pour prévenir, réduire ou supprimer les jeux éventuels entre les éléments préfabriqués, à savoir les poteaux, les poutres, les contreventements et les blocs de jonction, mais aussi pour réaliser une certaine jonction entre les dits éléments, on applique à leur intersection un joint sous forme de mortier de ciment par exemple.The external notch prevents the closing of said angle, and the internal notch prevents its opening. For more efficiency, the internal notch is longer than the external notch, and can even form an acute angle with the axis of the post or beam. To prevent, reduce or eliminate any play between the prefabricated elements, namely posts, beams, bracing and terminal blocks, but also to achieve a certain junction between said elements, a joint is applied at their intersection. form of cement mortar for example.

On n'est pas limité dans le nombre ou l'inclinaison des pièces de contreventements, ni dans le nombre ou le type de leur fixation aux poteaux ou aux poutres : boulons, chevilles, rivets, clous, etc. Il en est de même de la liaison entre les blocs de jonction et les extrémités des poteaux et des poutres décrits ci-dessous.There is no limit in the number or inclination of the bracing pieces, nor in the number or type of their attachment to posts or beams: bolts, dowels, rivets, nails, etc. The same applies to the connection between the terminal blocks and the ends of the posts and beams described below.

Cas de la préfabrication partielle : coulage de la jonction sur site Partial prefabrication : pouring the junction on site

Les poutres sont préfabriquées en usine, avec des barres ou fers d'attente qui vont entrer dans les jonctions.The beams are prefabricated in the factory, with bars or waiting bars which will enter the junctions.

Pour les poteaux, on prévoit à la base une zone de l'ordre de 20 cm qui sera bétonnée sur site au moment de leur installation, avec de fers d'attente. Au sommet des poteaux, on prévoit des fers d'attente d'une longueur suffisante pour faire partie de la jonction, et pour servir de fers d'attente en vue de l'assemblage ultérieur du poteau de l'étage supérieur.For the posts, an area of around 20 cm is provided at the base which will be concreted on site at the time of their installation, with waiting bars. At the top of the posts, waiting bars of sufficient length are provided to form part of the junction, and to serve as waiting bars for the subsequent assembly of the post of the upper floor.

Les poteaux et les poutres sont solidement maintenus dans leur position définitive par des contreventements dans le sens horizontal et vertical. Les extrémités des dits poteaux et poutres forment un coffrage perdu au moment du coulage du béton dans la jonction. Au moment de la pose des poutres en vue de leur fixation sur les contreventements, il est utile de fixer en premier lieu des supports intermédiaires amovibles sur le côté et en haut des poteaux, sur lesquels vont reposer les poutres, ce qui facilite l'ajustage et la fixation des contreventements.Columns and beams are securely held in their final position by bracing in the horizontal and vertical directions. The ends of said posts and beams form a formwork lost when the concrete is poured into the junction. When laying the beams for attachment to the braces, it is useful to first fix removable intermediate supports on the side and at the top of the posts, on which the beams will rest, which facilitates adjustment and fixing braces.

Dans la mesure où la jonction dont le béton est coulé sur site occupe une zone peu étendue, on peut se permettre d'utiliser un dosage très élevé du béton, selon l'invention on utilise la soudure du ferraillage dans la liaison au lieu du recouvrement habituel par juxtaposition des fers d'attente, etc.Insofar as the junction of which the concrete is poured on site occupies a small area, we can afford to use a very high dosage of concrete, according to the invention we use the welding of the reinforcement in the connection instead of the overlap usual by juxtaposition of waiting bars, etc.

Dans un nœud de la construction se croisent les nombreux fers d'attente du poteau et des poutres adjacentes. Leur positionnement peut constituer un problème au moment de la construction suite à leur grande rigidité et à l'exiguïté de l'espace qu'ils occupent. Pour y remédier le ferraillage de la jonction est préfabriqué, soit intégralement soit partiellement. Il peut revêtir la forme d'un cadre métallique, de préférence soudé.In a knot of construction cross the many waiting bars of the post and the adjacent beams. Their positioning can be a problem during construction due to their great rigidity and the smallness of the space they occupy. To remedy this, the reinforcement of the junction is prefabricated, either fully or partially. It can take the form of a metal frame, preferably welded.

Les poteaux et poutres dont le ferraillage entrant dans la jonction est préfabriqué sont prévus avec de petits bouts de fer d'attente sur lesquels sera soudé le ferraillage préfabriqué de la jonction.The posts and beams whose reinforcement entering the junction is prefabricated are provided with small pieces of waiting iron on which will be welded the prefabricated reinforcement of the junction.

Cas de la préfabrication totale : blocs de jonction préfabriquésCase of total prefabrication: prefabricated terminal blocks

Ici on fabrique en usine, pour chaque nœud, un bloc de jonction complet avec autant de branches qu'il y a de poteaux et de poutres dans ce noeud. Les branches dudit bloc de jonction vont être reliées aux extrémités des poteaux et des poutres qui entrent dans le noeud. La zone d'assemblage d'une branche du bloc avec un poteau ou une poutre peut être taillée suivant une ligne oblique c'est à dire en biseau, suivant une ligne droite, suivant une ligne brisée c'est à dire en escalier, etc.Here we manufacture in the factory, for each node, a complete terminal block with as many branches as there are posts and beams in this node. The branches of said terminal block will be connected to the ends of the posts and beams which enter the node. The area of assembly of a branch of the block with a post or a beam can be cut along an oblique line, i.e. bevel, along a straight line, along a broken line, ie staircase, etc. .

Les blocs de jonction, ainsi que les extrémités des poteaux et des poutres qui forment la jonction sont fabriqués de manière à leur assurer une résistance mécanique élevée : ferraillage dense et du dosage maximal du béton.The terminal blocks, as well as the ends of the posts and beams which form the junction, are manufactured in such a way as to provide them with high mechanical resistance: dense reinforcement and maximum dosage of concrete.

Les surfaces de contact ont de profondes rainures ou d'autres formes d'aspérités, destinées à empêcher le mouvement relatif des éléments à relier. Les tiges filetées sont le moyen d'assemblage des poteaux et des poutres aux blocs de jonction le plus adéquat. On peut aussi améliorer la liaison entre ces éléments en augmentant leur surface de contact, d'une part dans le sens longitudinal aux poteaux et aux poutres par une augmentation de la longueur des branches du bloc de jonction préfabriqué, et d'autre part dans le sens orthogonal aux poteaux et aux poutres par une augmentation de la largeur des dites branches. Dans ce dernier cas, c'est comme si le bloc de jonction préfabriqué avait été découpé dans un bâtiment, en sectionnant non seulement les poteaux et les poutres, mais aussi les coins des murs et des planchers adjacents.The contact surfaces have deep grooves or other forms of roughness, intended to prevent the relative movement of the elements to be connected. Threaded rods are the most suitable means of joining posts and beams to terminal blocks. One can also improve the connection between these elements by increasing their contact surface, on the one hand in the longitudinal direction with the posts and the beams by an increase in the length of the branches of the prefabricated junction block, and on the other hand in the direction orthogonal to columns and beams by increasing the width of said branches. In the latter case, it is as if the prefabricated terminal block had been cut out of a building, cutting not only the posts and beams, but also the corners of the adjacent walls and floors.

Les extrémités des poteaux et des poutres qui entrent dans ce nœud prennent alors la forme d'un T pour correspondre aux dimensions du bloc de jonction ainsi constitué.The ends of the posts and beams which enter this node then take the form of a T to correspond to the dimensions of the terminal block thus formed.

L'épaisseur des différentes parties du bloc de jonction doit tenir compte de l'épaisseur des extrémités des poteaux et poutres auxquelles elle va être liée, afin que l'épaisseur totale ne diffère pas trop de l'épaisseur des poteaux et des poutres, par exemple 20 cm. Ainsi, la partie centrale du bloc de jonction, qui n'est accolée à aucune extrémité de poteau ou de poutre garde l'épaisseur des poteaux et des poutres, 20 cm dans notre exemple.The thickness of the different parts of the terminal block must take into account the thickness of the ends of the posts and beams to which it will be linked, so that the total thickness does not differ too much from the thickness of the posts and beams, for example 20 cm. Thus, the central part of the terminal block, which is not attached to any end of post or beam keeps the thickness of the posts and beams, 20 cm in our example.

Les zones du bloc de jonction auxquelles sont accolées une seule extrémité de poteau ou de poutre ont une épaisseur de l'ordre de 10 cm dans notre exemple, moitié de l'épaisseur de la structure de la construction. Il en est de même, mutatis mutandis, des zones du bloc de jonction qui sont traversées par deux extrémités.The areas of the terminal block to which are attached only one end of a post or beam have a thickness of the order of 10 cm in our example, half the thickness of the structure of the construction. The same is true, mutatis mutandis, of the areas of the terminal block which are crossed by two ends.

Il va de soi que l'épaisseur d'une extrémité d'un poteau ou d'une poutre doit à son tour tenir compte de l'épaisseur des autres extrémités et de la branche du bloc de jonction avec lesquelles elles vont être en contact dans le nœud, pour faire une épaisseur totale de 20 cm dans notre exemple.It goes without saying that the thickness of one end of a post or beam must in turn take account of the thickness of the other ends and of the branch of the terminal block with which they will be in contact in the knot, to make a total thickness of 20 cm in our example.

Cas de la construction en boisTimber construction case

Habituellement, l'assemblage des poteaux et poutres se fait généralement à l'aide de diverses ferrures. Mais dans le cadre de la présente invention, la jonction est en béton armé. Il s'agit alors de fixer solidement des barres d'acier aux extrémités des poteaux et des poutres, pour qu'ils présentent des fers d'attente qui vont participer à la réalisation de ladite jonction.Usually, the assembly of posts and beams is usually done using various fittings. However, in the context of the present invention, the junction is made of reinforced concrete. It is then a question of securely fixing steel bars to the ends of the posts and beams, so that they have waiting bars which will participate in the production of said junction.

La présente invention tire également profit du clouage croisé pour une bonne fixation des contreventements en bois, sur les poteaux et les poutres également en bois. Les zones qui risquent de fissurer ou d'éclater suite à un clouage intensif sont ceinturées par des ferrures de contention, ce qui augmente en même temps la pression exercée sur les clous utilisés et améliore d'autant la liaison réalisée.The present invention also takes advantage of cross nailing for good fixing of wooden braces, on posts and beams also in wood. The zones which are liable to crack or burst due to intensive nailing are surrounded by compression fittings, which at the same time increases the pressure exerted on the nails used and therefore improves the connection produced.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

  • La figure 1/20 représente la vue en coupe, de la fondation et du chaînage inférieur (2) du bâtiment en construction.
    On distingue la fondation du bâtiment (1), le chaînage inférieur (2), ainsi que les fers d'attente pour la pose d'un poteau du premier niveau ou rez-de-chaussée (3).    The figure 1 / 20 represents the sectional view of the foundation and the lower chaining (2) of the building under construction.
    We distinguish the foundation of the building (1), the lower chaining (2), as well as the waiting bars for the installation of a pole of the first level or ground floor (3).
  • La figure 2/20 représente une vue en coupe de la pose d'un poteau en cas de préfabrication partielle.
    On distingue la zone préfabriquée du poteau à poser (4), les fers d'attente dans la zone du poteau à bétonner sur site (5).    The figure 2 / 20 shows a sectional view of the installation of a post in case of partial prefabrication.
    A distinction is made between the prefabricated area of the post to be placed (4) and the stand-off bars in the area of the post to be concreted on site (5).
  • La figure 3/20 représente le poteau au moment de sa pose sur le chaînage inférieur. On distingue les fers d'attente de la fondation ou de l'étage inférieur et du poteau (5), les contreventements (6), ainsi que les tiges d'assemblage pour la liaison des contreventements avec les poteaux et les poutres (7).The figure 3 / 20 represents the post at the time of its installation on the lower chaining. A distinction is made between the waiting bars of the foundation or of the lower storey and of the post (5), the braces (6), as well as the connecting rods for the connection of the braces with the posts and the beams (7). .
  • La figure 4/20 montre un poteau dont la jonction avec le chaînage inférieur est déjà bétonnée : la liaison est terminée.The figure 4 / 20 shows a post whose junction with the lower chaining is already concreted: the connection is finished.
  • La figure 5/20 représente la pose des poutres qui vont former le chaînage supérieur de l'étage.
    On distingue une poutre (8), ainsi que le ferraillage de la jonction (9) constitué par les fers d'attente de la poutre de gauche, ceux de la poutre de droite et ceux de l'extrémité supérieure du poteau.    The figure 5 / 20 represents the laying of the beams which will form the upper chaining of the floor.
    There is a beam (8), as well as the reinforcement of the junction (9) constituted by the waiting bars of the left beam, those of the right beam and those of the upper end of the post.
  • La figure 6/20 montre les mêmes éléments que la figure précédente, mais après le bétonnage de la jonction : la réalisation de la jonction est donc terminée.The figure 6 / 20 shows the same elements as the previous figure, but after concreting the junction: the realization of the junction is therefore finished.
  • La figure 7/20 représente une vue en coupe de l'ensemble des liaisons dans un nœud de la construction, en mettant en évidence les parties bétonnées sur site.The figure 7 / 20 represents a sectional view of all the connections in a construction node, highlighting the concrete parts on site.
  • La figure 8/20 représente un bloc de jonction préfabriqué pour la liaison des différents poteaux et poutres qui entrent dans le nœud, en cas de préfabrication totale.
    On distingue deux branches pour la liaison de deux poteaux, et deux branches pour la liaison de deux poutres, ainsi que des trous (10) d'attente pour le passage des tiges d'assemblage.    The figure 8 / 20 represents a prefabricated junction block for the connection of the various posts and beams which enter the node, in the event of total prefabrication.
    There are two branches for the connection of two posts, and two branches for the connection of two beams, as well as holes (10) waiting for the passage of the assembly rods.
  • La figure 9/20 représente un bloc de jonction qui est déjà fixé au poteau. On distingue une tige d'assemblage (11), et deux poutres (12) en attente de fixation sur le bloc.The figure 9 / 20 represents a terminal block that is already attached to the post. There is a connecting rod (11), and two beams (12) awaiting attachment to the block.
  • La figure 10/20 représente un bloc de jonction élargi. On distingue les zones du bloc de jonction élargi aux coins des murs et des planchers adjacents (13).The figure 10 / 20 represents an enlarged terminal block. A distinction is made between the areas of the terminal block enlarged at the corners of the walls and adjacent floors (13).
  • La figure 11/20 représente un bloc de jonction élargi qui est déjà fixé au poteau. On distingue trois tiges d'assemblage (11), et deux poutres (12) en attente de fixation sur le bloc.The figure 11 / 20 shows an enlarged terminal block that is already attached to the post. There are three connecting rods (11), and two beams (12) awaiting attachment to the block.
  • La figure 12/20 représente le schéma d'un assemblage d'une poutre avec un contreventement. Aucune disposition particulière n'a été prise pour la zone de contact. En cas de force tendant à ouvrir ou à fermer l'angle formé par le poteau et la poutre, le contreventement va s'y opposer. La tige d'assemblage va être sollicitée au cisaillement et devra être fortement dimensionnée.The figure 12 / 20 represents the diagram of an assembly of a beam with a bracing. No specific arrangements have been made for the contact area. In the event of a force tending to open or close the angle formed by the post and the beam, the bracing will oppose it. The connecting rod will be subjected to shearing and must be strongly dimensioned.
  • La figure 13/20 représente le schéma du même assemblage poutre - contreventement dans lequel on a prévu dans la poutre, une encoche dans laquelle rentre une cale prévue sur le contreventement, pour empêcher le glissement du contreventement contre la poutre, et les forces de cisaillement qui en résulteraient pour la tige d'assemblage.The figure 13 / 20 represents the diagram of the same assembly beam - bracing in which one provided in the beam, a notch in which a wedge provided on the bracing enters, to prevent the sliding of the bracing against the beam, and the forces of shearing which would result from it for the connecting rod.
  • La figure 14/20 représente le schéma du même assemblage poutre - contreventement dans lequel l'encoche intérieure de blocage du contreventement est plus profonde que l'encoche extérieure.The figure 14 / 20 shows the diagram of the same beam-bracing assembly in which the inner bracing blocking notch is deeper than the outer notch.
  • La figure 15/20 représente le schéma du même assemblage poutre - contreventement dans lequel l'encoche prévu dans le poteau ou la poutre est inférieur à 90°.The figure 15 / 20 represents the diagram of the same beam-bracing assembly in which the notch provided in the post or beam is less than 90 °.
  • La figure 16/20 représente une vue en coupe d'une jonction type de la construction.
    On distingue le poteau (4), une poutre (8), un contreventement (6), et le ferraillage de la jonction (9).    The figure 16 / 20 shows a sectional view of a typical junction of the construction.
    We distinguish the post (4), a beam (8), a bracing (6), and the reinforcement of the junction (9).
  • La figure 17/20 représente une vue en coupe d'un ferraillage de la jonction préfabriqué. On distingue le ferraillage de la jonction préfabriqué (14).The figure 17 / 20 shows a sectional view of a reinforcement of the prefabricated junction. A distinction is made between the reinforcement and the prefabricated junction (14).
  • La figure 18/20 représente une vue en coupe d'un noeud type de la construction, avant la pose du ferraillage préfabriqué.
    On distingue le poteau (4), une poutre (8), et le support intermédiaire amovible (15).    The figure 18 / 20 represents a sectional view of a typical construction node, before the installation of the prefabricated reinforcement.
    We distinguish the post (4), a beam (8), and the removable intermediate support (15).
  • La figure 19/20 représente en détail l'extrémité d'une poutre et d'un ferraillage préfabriqué.
    On distingue la poutre (8), ainsi que les bouts de fers d'attente sur lequel sera soudé le ferraillage préfabriqué (16).    The figure 19/20 represents in detail the end of a beam and a prefabricated reinforcement.
    We can see the beam (8), as well as the ends of waiting bars on which the prefabricated reinforcement (16) will be welded.
  • La figure 20/20 représente l'assemblage du ferraillage préfabriqué sur les poutres.
    On distingue une poutre (8), et le ferraillage préfabriqué (14).    The figure 20/20 represents the assembly of the prefabricated reinforcement on the beams.
    There is a beam (8) and the prefabricated reinforcement (14).
Meilleure manière de réaliser l'inventionBest way to realize the invention

La meilleure manière de réaliser l'invention est décrite ci-après :

  1. 1° Fabrication en usine de tous les poteaux, poutres et contreventements.
    On prévoit sur les poutres des bouts de fers d'attente d'environ 4 cm de longueur, sur lesquels seront soudés les ferraillages des jonctions eux aussi préfabriqués (Fig. 19/20). Par contre les poteaux seront prévus avec des fers d'attente d'environ 20 cm de long à la base, et des fers d'attente d'environ 40 cm au sommet (Fig. 2/20).
  2. 2° Construction d'une fondation classique pour une construction en béton armé.
    On prévoit des fers d'attente pour les futurs poteaux (Fig. 1/20).
  3. 3° Pose des poteaux du premier niveau de la construction.
    Les fers d'attente de leur base se croisent avec les fers d'attente prévus dans la fondation. Les poteaux sont retenus en position verticale par les contreventements reliant les dits poteaux au chaînage inférieur (Fig. 3/20). On fixe les contreventements horizontaux reliant les poutres constituant le chaînage inférieur, adjacentes à chaque poteau. Après le contrôle de la verticalité des poteaux, on procède au coffrage et au bétonnage de cette partie des poteaux. Dans la mesure où les poteaux sont solidement maintenus dans leurs positions définitives par le système de contreventements, les travaux de construction peuvent se poursuivre peu de temps après le coulage du béton dans les jonctions, ou même avant ledit coulage.
  4. 4° Pose des poutres qui formeront le chaînage supérieur de l'étage.
    Pour ce faire on fixe d'abord des supports amovibles latéralement sur la partie supérieure des poteaux, ensuite les poutres, puis les contreventements (Fig. 18/20). Après la fixation des contreventements verticaux et horizontaux, les supports amovibles sont retirés et les travaux de construction peuvent se poursuivre.
  5. 5° Fixation des ferraillages des jonctions préfabriqués.
    Les ferraillages préfabriqués sont soudés aux fers d'attente des poteaux et des poutres (Fig. 20/20). On réalise ensuite le coffrage là où cela est nécessaire, c'est-à-dire dans les nœuds qui comprennent deux ou trois poutres, en gardant en mémoire que les extrémités des poteaux et des poutres constituent un coffrage perdu, puis on coule le béton dans la jonction.
  6. 6° On réalise la dalle, puis on recommence l'étape 3° pour la poursuite de la construction de l'étage suivant.
    Il y a lieu de noter qu'il est possible de couler le béton dans les jonctions une fois pour toutes, à la fin des travaux de construction de toute la structure.
The best way to carry out the invention is described below:
  1. 1 ° Factory fabrication of all posts, beams and braces.
    The beams are provided with ends of waiting bars about 4 cm in length, on which the reinforcement of the junctions, also prefabricated, will be welded ( Fig. 19/20 ). On the other hand, the posts will be provided with waiting irons about 20 cm long at the base, and waiting irons about 40 cm at the top ( Fig. 2/20 ).
  2. 2 ° Construction of a classic foundation for a reinforced concrete construction.
    Waiting irons are planned for future posts ( Fig. 1/20 ).
  3. 3 ° Installation of the posts of the first level of the construction.
    The waiting bars on their base intersect with the waiting bars provided in the foundation. The posts are held in a vertical position by the braces connecting the said posts to the lower chaining ( Fig. 3/20 ). We fix the horizontal bracing connecting the beams constituting the lower chaining, adjacent to each post. After checking the verticality of the posts, we proceed to formwork and concreting of this part of the posts. To the extent that the posts are securely held in their final positions by the bracing system, construction work can continue shortly after the concrete is poured into the junctions, or even before said pouring.
  4. 4 ° Installation of beams which will form the upper chaining of the floor.
    To do this, we first fix removable supports laterally on the upper part of the posts, then the beams, then the braces ( Fig. 18/20 ). After fixing the vertical and horizontal braces, the removable supports are removed and the construction work can continue.
  5. 5 ° Fixing the reinforcements of the prefabricated junctions.
    The prefabricated reinforcements are welded to the waiting bars of the posts and beams ( Fig. 20/20 ). We then make the formwork where necessary, that is to say in the nodes which include two or three beams, keeping in mind that the ends of the posts and beams constitute a lost formwork, then we pour the concrete in the junction.
  6. 6 ° We realize the slab, then we repeat step 3 ° for the continuation of the construction of the next floor.
    It should be noted that it is possible to pour the concrete into the junctions once and for all, at the end of the construction work of the entire structure.

Possibilités d'application industrielleIndustrial application possibilities

Le but premier de l'invention est une préfabrication le plus poussée possible de la structure de bâtiments du type poteaux et poutres, préfabrication qui permet une industrialisation de ce type de construction. Le principal aménagement qui permet de réaliser cet objectif dans les mêmes conditions techniques, voire meilleures que dans le système classique, est le recours massif aux contreventements aussi bien dans le sens vertical que dans le sens horizontal. Ils constituent une jonction périphérique et solide qui relie les poteaux et les poutres d'une part et les poutres entre elles d'autre part.The primary object of the invention is the most extensive prefabrication possible of the structure of buildings of the column and beam type, prefabrication which allows industrialization of this type of construction. The main development which makes it possible to achieve this objective under the same technical conditions, or even better than in the conventional system, is the massive use of bracing in both the vertical and horizontal directions. They constitute a peripheral and solid junction which connects the posts and the beams on the one hand and the beams between them on the other hand.

La jonction centrale, qui a lieu à l'intersection des poteaux et des poutres peut être réalisée sur site ou préfabriquée, et donc industrialisée, ou pour le moins fortement standardisée.The central junction, which takes place at the intersection of posts and beams, can be carried out on site or prefabricated, and therefore industrialized, or at least highly standardized.

Que ce soit en cas de réalisation des jonctions sur site ou en cas d'utilisation de blocs de jonctions préfabriqués, tout est pratiquement fait en usine, avec les avantages qui en résultent : standardisation de la fabrication, qualité et rapidité d'exécution, réduction des coûts et des délais de construction.Whether in the case of trunking on site or in the case of the use of prefabricated trunk blocks, everything is practically done in the factory, with the resulting advantages: standardization of manufacturing, quality and speed of execution, reduction construction costs and times.

De plus, le poids du bâtiment en sera, lui aussi, réduit, car pour une même résistance aux charges verticales et horizontales, cette structure modulaire en treillis est plus légère qu'une structure classique. La principale contrainte du système est que les contreventements occupent l'axe des murs pour plus d'efficacité, ce qui empêche ou réduit l'utilisation des matériaux habituels dans la construction des murs comme les briques et les blocs de toutes sortes. Mais cela va pousser les constructeurs à adopter plus souvent les murs et parois adaptés à ce type de structure, par exemple les panneaux utilisés actuellement dans la construction en bois.In addition, the weight of the building will also be reduced, because for the same resistance to vertical and horizontal loads, this modular lattice structure is lighter than a conventional structure. The main constraint of the system is that the braces occupy the axis of the walls for more efficiency, which prevents or reduces the use of usual materials in the construction of walls such as bricks and blocks of all kinds. But this will push manufacturers to adopt more often the walls and walls suitable for this type of structure, for example the panels currently used in wooden construction.

Finalement cette contrainte va être largement compensée par les nombreux avantages additionnels qui vont résulter de l'utilisation des murs et parois légers, à tel point que l'on pourrait même parler d'effet multiplicateur en termes de réduction de poids, de coût et de délais de réalisation de la construction.Finally, this constraint will be largely offset by the many additional advantages that will result from the use of lightweight walls and walls, to the point that we could even speak of a multiplier effect in terms of reduction in weight, cost and construction completion times.

Un tel système de construction présente un intérêt spécial pour les régions à risque sismique est élevé, car le bâtiment est léger, constitué d'un ensemble d'unités autosuffisantes structurellement, fortement triangulées et donc très peu déformables, tout ceci à un coût relativement modeste.Such a construction system is of special interest for regions with high seismic risk, since the building is light, consisting of a set of structurally self-sufficient units, highly triangulated and therefore very little deformable, all this at a relatively modest cost. .

Claims (6)

  1. A technique for construction of prefabricated columns (4) and beam (8, 12) type, whether they are made of wood, reinforced concrete or any other material, using two types of connections between the columns (4) and the beams (8, 12), on the one hand a peripheral connection (6) made of vertical braces (6), connecting columns (4) to adjacent beams (8, 12), as well as horizontal braces (6) connecting adjacent beams (8, 12) between them,
    and on the other hand, a central connection (9, 11, 14, 16) made of reinforced concrete, at the intersection of columns (4) and beams (8, 12),
    the number and inclination of the braces (6) not being limited,
    technique which uses the prefabricated elements constituting the structure of the building which are columns (4), beams (8, 12), vertical and horizontal braces (6), as well as metal frames (9, 14) for the reinforcement of the central connection (9, 11, 14, 16),
    assembling these prefabricated elements on the construction site taking place so that after columns (4) and beams (8, 12) are posed, and prefabricated reinforcements are welded in the central connections (9, 11, 14, 16), then said columns (4) and beams (8, 12) are held in their position by as many braces (6) as necessary, so that construction work can continue, insofar as concreting of central junctions for one or more levels of the construction can take place at once at the end of construction work,
    technique characterized in that columns (4) and beams (8, 12) are provided with short starter bars (16) on which are welded into the junction, prefabricated metal frames (9, 14), except the lower and upper ends of the posts (4) provided with starter bars (16) of approximately 20 cm in length at the base and 40 cm at the top, the lower end being intended for connection with the foundation (1) or the column (4) of the lower floor, by concreting on site at the time of the construction of the foundation (1) or of the lower floor.
  2. A technique for construction according to claim 1, wherein central junctions are not realized on construction site, but prefabricated under the form of connection blocks to which ends of columns and beams are connected on site.
  3. A technique for construction according to the claim 2, wherein one or more connection blocks are enlarged to adjacent corners of walls and floors, the ends of columns and beams being accordingly enlarged in order to fit to the connection blocks ends.
  4. A technique for construction according to claim 1, wherein seals, for example under the form of cement mortar, are used in order not only to reduce or to eliminate space between various prefabricated elements, but also to contribute in bonding them.
  5. A technique for construction according to claim 1, wherein columns, beams and braces are provided with anti-sliding devices, such as notches and wedges.
  6. A technique for construction according to claim 1 wherein, for wood construction, starter bars are strongly fixed to the ends of columns and beams by skew nailing, and contention metallic devices are posed in order to prevent the wood from splitting, and to further improve the strength of the connection realized.
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CN110145029A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-20 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 Shock resistance node, shock resistance building and the construction method of non-newtonian liquid filling
CN111794373A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-10-20 华南理工大学 High-strength steel column-common steel beam-low yield point steel axillary support resettable structure
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US10494807B2 (en) 2019-12-03
JP2018520285A (en) 2018-07-26
EA034805B1 (en) 2020-03-24
PE20171773A1 (en) 2017-12-21
KR20180012809A (en) 2018-02-06
CN108138481A (en) 2018-06-08
EP3310973A1 (en) 2018-04-25
TN2017000477A1 (en) 2019-04-12
CN108138481B (en) 2021-02-05
MX2017014935A (en) 2018-11-09
WO2016189476A1 (en) 2016-12-01
US20180163389A1 (en) 2018-06-14
ZA201800002B (en) 2018-12-19
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AU2016268484A1 (en) 2018-01-25
BR112017025348A2 (en) 2018-07-31

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