EP3302049B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum anlocken und fangen von fliegenden insekten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum anlocken und fangen von fliegenden insekten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3302049B1 EP3302049B1 EP16804072.3A EP16804072A EP3302049B1 EP 3302049 B1 EP3302049 B1 EP 3302049B1 EP 16804072 A EP16804072 A EP 16804072A EP 3302049 B1 EP3302049 B1 EP 3302049B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light source
- trap
- housing
- insect trap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
- A01M1/106—Catching insects by using Traps for flying insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/14—Catching by adhesive surfaces
- A01M1/145—Attracting and catching insects using combined illumination or colours and adhesive surfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
- A01M1/2005—Poisoning insects using bait stations
- A01M1/2016—Poisoning insects using bait stations for flying insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
- A01M1/223—Killing insects by electric means by using electrocution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to methods and devices for attracting, trapping, and killing flying insects, including common house flies.
- the present disclosure further relates to devices including an illuminated trap with one or more light sources constructed to attract and immobilize flying insects.
- Insect traps with light sources are commonly known for attracting, trapping, immobilizing and/or killing flying insects.
- Phototactic insects such as many flies and other flying insects, move toward light and may be attracted to a trap utilizing a light source. Different insects may be attracted to light at different wavelengths.
- Flies e.g., common flies, filth flies, and house flies
- UVA ultraviolet
- Fruit flies respond most strongly to blue and green light in the range of 470 to 560 nm, and moths (e.g., Indian meal moths) to blue light in the range of 470 to 500 nm. Some wavelengths of light may also increase mortality of flying pests in the early stages of life and decrease the life of adults.
- moths e.g., Indian meal moths
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- US 5513465 A and WO 2014/134371 A1 each disclose a trap comprising: a housing comprising walls and at least one opening, the walls defining an interior space; a light source comprising a directional light source mounted in the interior space, wherein the light source comprises an LED light, and wherein the light source is positioned so that a majority of light emitted from the light source is directed at one or more surfaces in the interior space; and a suppression element mounted in the interior space and constructed to immobilise or kill.
- the present disclosure relates to a trap comprising a housing having walls and at least one opening, where the walls define an interior space; and a light source comprising a directional light source mounted in the interior space.
- the light source is constructed to emit light at one or more wavelengths ranging from 350 to 500 nm.
- the light source is positioned so that a majority of the light emitted from the light source is directed at one or more surfaces in the interior space.
- the trap also comprises a suppression element mounted in the interior space and constructed to immobilize, kill, or contain arthropods.
- the present invention relates to a trap comprising:
- the present disclosure relates to methods and devices for attracting, trapping, and killing flying arthropods, such as common house flies and other insects.
- the devices include an illuminated trap with one or more light sources and one or more suppression elements constructed to attract and immobilize arthropods.
- a trap 1 comprising:
- directional light is used here to refer to light that is emitted in one direction from a “directional light source,” as opposed to light that is emitted in multiple directions.
- directional light is used to refer to light beams that can be aimed or directed. Such light beams have a beam angle of less than 180° (e.g., about 90° or less). Beam angle is the width of the beam of light from the light source measured in degrees.
- the beam angle emanating from a parabolic (“PAR") light bulb is typically described as very narrow spot light if it is below 15°, as narrow spot light between 15°-30°, as spot light between 30°-60°, as flood light between 90°-120°, as wide flood light between 120°-160°, and as very wide flood light above 160°.
- An example of a directional light source is a LED.
- a single LED unit that is not coupled with a diffuser or a lens typically has a beam angle of about 20°-24°. Multiple LED units can be grouped together in light bulbs that may be constructed as directional lights, or where at least a portion of the light bulb is constructed as a directional light.
- Examples of light sources that typically emit light in multiple directions include fluorescent light bulbs, incandescent light bulbs, halogen light bulbs, and the like.
- fluorescent, incandescent, and halogen light bulbs focused by the use of a cone diffuser are not considered "directional light sources.”
- reference numerals 100 and 100' are used to denote embodiments of the housing.
- LED lights also differ from natural sun light (and most other artificial light sources) in that LED lights provide a point-source of light that is different from the nonpoint-source light (e.g., sun light diffusing through the atmosphere) insects are used to seeing. While LEDs have many properties that make them a desirable replacement for other types of light bulbs (e.g., a long lifetime and low energy usage), some properties of the LEDs (e.g., directional light beam, small size, narrow wavelength range) do not lend themselves for use in an insect trap without accounting for these different features of an LED bulb.
- the present disclosure relates to insect traps that are constructed to achieve high effectiveness in attracting flies, while taking advantage of the qualities of LEDs.
- the insect trap of the present disclosure includes a frame for housing the operational elements of the insect trap, including a light source, a power source, a suppression element, and optionally a bait location and pheromone agent.
- the frame may be constructed as a housing that defines an enclosure.
- the housing may include one or more openings that enable insects to enter the enclosure. The opening may be large enough to also enable maintenance of the insect trap, for example, by emptying the trap of dead insects and by switching out consumable elements, such as bait, glueboards, light sources, etc.
- the housing can include movable or removable pieces that can be opened to gain access to the interior.
- the housing can be constructed in any suitable size and shape that is capable of accommodating the operational elements of the insect trap.
- the housing may be constructed such that a portion of the light emitted by the light source is visible to insects outside of the housing, thus attracting the insects to enter the enclosure.
- the housing is constructed so that a majority of the light from the light source does not escape the enclosure.
- a portion of the light may escape from the enclosure through the one or more openings on the housing, while a majority of the light illuminates surfaces inside the enclosure.
- light that exits the enclosure is directed at a wall adjacent to (e.g., behind and/or above) the insect trap.
- the housing may also be constructed to include one or more baffles positioned adjacent to the one or more openings so that the light leaving the enclosure is directed at the baffle.
- the housing may optionally include a bait element, such as bait provided in a bait location, or a pheromone component to further enhance attractiveness to insects. If bait is used, the bait may further include insecticide. After insects enter the enclosure, they may become trapped and/or killed by the suppression element (e.g., a trapping device).
- the suppression element can comprise any suitable device, such as a glueboard or an electric zapper.
- the light source can be selected so that the emitted light attracts insects into the insect trap.
- the light source can be constructed to emit light at a single wavelength or wavelength range (e.g., in the UV region), or at multiple wavelengths (e.g., UV and blue light, or UV and green light, or any other suitable combination), or across a range of wavelengths (e.g., from UV to green light).
- the wavelength can be adjustable and can be selected to target specific insects.
- flies e.g., common flies, filth flies, house flies, etc.
- flies e.g., common flies, filth flies, house flies, etc.
- fruit flies respond most strongly to blue and green light in the range of 470 to 560 nm
- moths e.g., Indian meal moths
- the insect trap is configured to attract and immobilize house flies. In some other embodiments, the insect trap is configured to attract and immobilize other flying insects in addition to or instead of house flies, for example, fruit flies, phorid flies, or moths. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the directionality of the light sources and their placement on the insect trap such that light is directed at surfaces of the enclosure (e.g., surfaces inside or adjacent to the enclosure), is effective to catch various types of flying insects, including common flies, for example, filth flies, house flies, phorid flies, fruit flies, and moths.
- common flies for example, filth flies, house flies, phorid flies, fruit flies, and moths.
- the light source emits at least UV light (e.g., long wave UV, or UVA).
- the light source can emit light at a wavelength of about 350 to about 450 nm, about 365 to about 425 nm, about 380 to about 410 nm, or about 385 to about 405 nm.
- the light source also emits light at one or more other wave lengths, such as blue (about wavelength 450-500 nm) or green (about wavelength 495-570 nm), or at an intermediate range between visible and UV light.
- the light sources can be selected to emit light at about 360 to 380 nm, about 380 to about 385, at about 385 to about 410 nm, at about 405 to about 440 nm, at about 450 to 480 nm, at about 490 to 530 nm, and any combinations thereof.
- the insect trap includes at least one light LED source capable of emitting light at about 405 nm, or at about 400 to about 410 nm, or at about 385 to about 425 nm.
- the insect trap may include two, three, four, or more, of such light bulbs, and may additionally include other light sources.
- the light source may include LED lights capable of emitting light at multiple wave lengths, and can include a mechanism for selecting specific wavelengths to target specific insects.
- the housing is constructed to provide an enclosure that accommodates the operational components of the insect trap.
- the operational components include at least a light source, a power source, and a suppression element, and optionally a bait component. However, some of the components, such as the power source, may be positioned outside of the enclosure.
- the housing can be of any suitable size and shape. A general box-shaped housing is shown schematically in FIGURES 1-8 , but other shapes are, of course, possible. Alternative embodiments of the housing are shown in FIGURES 9A , 9B , 10 , and 24 .
- the insect trap 1 comprises a housing 100 defined generally by a front wall 110, side walls 120, 130, a bottom 140, and a top 150.
- the housing 100 can also be constructed such that no clear distinction exists between the front wall 110 and, for example, the side walls 120, 130, if the front and the sides form a continuous curved shape.
- the housing 100 comprises at least one opening 170 that allows insects to enter the housing 100.
- the at least one opening 170 may be a single opening as shown in FIGURES 1 and 5 - 7 , or a plurality of openings as shown, for example, in FIGURE 10 .
- the opening 170 may also provide access to the interior of the housing 100 to allow inspection and/or maintenance of the insect trap 1, and may be sized accordingly.
- the opening 170 is positioned at or near the top of the housing 100.
- the housing 100 may also include two or more openings, which may be located on different sides of the housing 100. In some embodiments where the housing 100 includes two or more openings, at least one of the openings 170 is positioned at or near the top of the housing 100. In some embodiments, one or more of the walls (e.g., a side wall 120, 130, the top 150, or the bottom 140) is absent, providing the opening 170.
- the insect trap 1 may also be constructed with a frame 50 that does not provide an enclosure, but provides a mounting frame onto which the operational elements (light source 200, power source 250, and suppression element 300) can be mounted (see FIGURE 8 ).
- the insect trap 1 can be configured as a "land-and-crawl” trap, where insects land on or around the housing 100 and crawl into the interior space through the opening 170.
- the insect trap 1 can also be configured as a "fly-in” trap, where insects fly into the interior space through the opening 170.
- the insect trap 1 can be configured as a combination of "land-and-crawl” and "fly-in.”
- the opening 17 will be at least about three inches in its smallest dimension in a trap constructed for catching flies (e.g., house flies or similarly sized flies), or smaller for catching small flies (e.g., fruit flies or similarly sized flies).
- a "fly-in” trap may also include a landing surface mounted on the inside of the housing 100 for the insects to land on.
- a glueboard 310 can serve as the landing surface.
- the interior of the housing 100 may be sized to facilitate the operational components of the insect trap 1.
- the light source 200 includes one or more LED lights, which are generally smaller in size than incandescent or fluorescent lights and also require less power to operate.
- the enclosure can be made smaller.
- the insect trap 1 can be outfitted with one or more batteries as the power source, which can also be housed inside the housing 100.
- the housing 100, 3100 is provided with a mechanism to access the interior of the housing 100.
- the housing 100, 3100 can comprise a base 60, 3060 (e.g., comprising the back wall 160, 3160) and a front cover 10 (e.g., comprising the front wall 110, 3110) that is movably and/or removably attached to the base 60.
- the front cover 10, 3010 can be, for example, coupled with the base 60, 3060 by hinges 111 and/or a closure mechanism, as shown in FIGURES 4A and 4B , and in FIGURE 24 .
- the front cover 10, 3010 can be pivotably coupled with the base 60, 3060 so that the front cover 10, 3110 can be pivoted into an open position (shown in FIGURE 24 ) and a closed position.
- the suppression element e.g., glueboard
- the closure mechanism can be any suitable mechanism, such as a snap closure, a screw, a spring closure, a magnetic closure, etc.
- another part of the housing 100 e.g., one of the side walls 120, 130, can be coupled with the base 60 by a removable closure.
- the insect trap 1 comprises one or more light sources 200.
- the light source 200 can include a socket 220 and a light bulb 210 mounted onto the socket 220.
- the light source 200 may comprise a plurality of light bulbs 210.
- the light bulb 210 comprises a LED light.
- the light bulb 210 may be constructed from a single LED, or may be a light bulb with a plurality of LEDs mounted on a single bulb. Each LED in the plurality of LEDs can either be constructed to emit light at the same wave length or at different wave lengths.
- the light bulb 210 may also be of any suitable shape and size.
- the light bulb 210 may be constructed to have a traditional "light bulb shape" or as a plug-shaped bulb, a tubular bulb, a spotlight style bulb, a strip, or as a single LED element.
- the shape and size of the light bulb 210 can be selected to fit a desired housing shape and size.
- a strip-shaped light bulb 210 or a single LED can be used in a smaller housing with a slim profile, whereas a larger light bulb 210 can be selected for a larger housing.
- the light bulb may also be a multi-directional LED light bulb that includes a plurality of LED components directed at multiple directions from a central core.
- the light source 200 comprises other types of lights, such as incandescent, fluorescent, or halogen lights.
- the light bulb 210 can be selected to emit a specific wavelength of light.
- the light bulb 210 can emit light having a wavelength of about 340 to about 490 nm, about 365 to about 420 nm, about 380 to about 410 nm, about 385 to about 405 nm, or about 405 nm.
- the light source 200 can comprise a plurality of light bulbs 210, which can be selected to emit light at different wave lengths.
- the light source 200 can comprise light bulbs that emit light at 380 to 400 nm and at 400 to 420 nm, or at about 385 nm and at about 405 nm.
- the insect trap 1 may also include a control mechanism 600 (e.g., a switch or other control, as shown in FIGURE 7 ) to adjust or select the wavelength of the light source 200 to match the optimum light source for a target insect.
- a control mechanism 600 e.g., a switch or other control, as shown in FIGURE 7
- the insect trap 200 includes a light source 200 with a plurality of LED lights that emit light at different wavelengths, and the light source 200 can be controlled to turn select LED lights on or off to control the wavelength(s) emitted by the light source 200.
- the insect trap 1 can be controlled by a control system.
- the control system can include, for example, the control mechanism 600 and a remote control access that can be used to control the light source 200 remotely (e.g., via infrared or Bluetooth TM ).
- the remote control access can be provided by the use of an emitter and a receiver 601 coupled with the insect trap 1 (e.g., with the power source or the light source 200), and can be controlled by a computer or mobile device application ("an app").
- the insect trap 1 may comprise a timer for automatically turning the light source 200 on and off, or for dimming the light source 200 for a set period of time (e.g., during the night).
- the light source 200 includes a directional light.
- the directional light can be, for example, a LED.
- the light source 200 is mounted in or on the housing 100 or frame. In some embodiments, the light source 200 is mounted on the inside of the housing 100, as shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIGURES 1-3 , 6 , and 7 .
- the light source 200 is preferably mounted so that the directional light from the light source 200 can be directed at a surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the directional light from the light source 200 is directed at one or more surfaces inside the housing 100. For example, at least a portion of the directional light can be directed at the suppression element 300 (e.g., a glueboard).
- the suppression element 300 e.g., a glueboard
- Another portion of the light can be directed at another surface, such as the back wall 160, the side walls 120, 130, the bottom 140, or the top 150 of the housing.
- the light source 200 is mounted on a frame, and the frame is mounted on a wall, a portion of the directional light can be directed at the wall.
- the insect trap 1 can be constructed so that a portion of the directional light directed at a surface of the housing 100 reflects off the surface and can be seen on the outside of the housing 100.
- the insect trap 1 can be surrounded by an area defined as a catch zone 11 ( FIGURE 5 ).
- the catch zone 11 can be defined as the area within a 1 m radius of the insect trap 1, or within a 80 cm radius, a 60 cm radius, or a 40 cm radius of the insect trap 1.
- the catch zone is defined as an area surrounding the insect trap 1, such as an area on the wall where the insect trap 1 is mounted.
- a majority of the light emitted by the light source 200 is selectively directed at a surface within the enclosure or within the catch zone. When light is emitted by the light source 200, the light can be referred to as first order light.
- the reflected light can be referred to as second (or higher (e.g., third, fourth, fifth) order light.
- a majority of the first order light emitted by the light source 200 is selectively directed at a surface within the enclosure or within the catch zone.
- at least 50 %, at least 60 %, at least 70 %, at least 80 %, at least 90 %, at least 95 %, at least 96 %, at least 97 %, or at least 98 % of the first order light can be directed at a surface within the enclosure or within the catch zone.
- 99 % or more of the first order light can be directed at a surface within the enclosure or within the catch zone.
- the light beam emitted by a single directional light source has a central axis A shown schematically in FIGURE 6 .
- the light source 200 is directed so that the central axis A of the light beam intersects an internal surface of the housing.
- the insect trap 1 includes a plurality of directional light sources (e.g., LEDs)
- the central axis A of one or more of the plurality of light sources intersects an internal surface of the housing.
- all of the central axes A of the plurality of directional light sources 200 intersect a surface within the catch zone 11.
- the surface can be a surface of the housing 100 or a wall.
- first order light emitted by the light source 200 is directed at a glueboard 131 disposed inside the enclosure 101.
- First order light emitted by the light source 200 can also be directed at the back wall 160, the side walls 120, 130, the bottom 140, or the top 150 of the housing.
- a portion of second or higher order light reflected off the surfaces of the glueboard 131, back wall 160, or other internal surfaces (the side walls 120, 130, the bottom 140, or the top 150) of the enclosure 101 can escape the enclosure 101 through the opening 170.
- light emitted by the light source 200 can be directed at the glueboard 310.
- Directing light from the light source 200 toward a landing surface may help increase the catch when the insect trap 1 is used to trap flies.
- the insect trap 1 may also include a diffuser that diffuses light emitted from the light source 200.
- the diffuser can be a translucent material (e.g., a translucent plastic or glass film) that causes light to diffuse.
- the diffuser can be placed in the light path either directly over the light source or further away.
- the light source 200 may also include a lens. A lens can be used to focus light or direct it in a desired direction.
- the inside surfaces of the walls can have a color or surface treatment with desired reflective properties.
- the inside surface of one or more walls can be made of a reflective material or have a coating with reflective properties, such as a highly reflective (e.g., polished metal or mirror-like) material or color.
- An additional reflecting surface 500 can be positioned in the enclosure or at or near one of the openings to direct light emitted by the light source 200.
- a baffle can be positioned near a front facing opening so as to direct light away from a person who might be in front of the insect trap 1.
- the inside surfaces can have a low reflectance.
- the inside surfaces of the walls have a dark color, such as black, dark gray, blue, brown, green, or other relatively dark color.
- the glueboard 131 may be any suitable color. Commercially available colors include white and black, but other colors can also be used.
- the outside surfaces of the insect trap 1 can have any suitable color, and can be matched to room décor, or can be camouflaged to mask the insect trap 1 to look like another object, such as a wall clock, a sign, a lighting device, a vent, etc.
- the outside surface of the insect trap 1 has a dark color, such as black, dark gray, blue, brown, green, or other relatively dark color.
- the insect trap 1 can be constructed to minimize safety hazards associated with UV light and with electric devices generally.
- the housing 100 and the light source 200 can be configured to minimize the amount of UV radiation that escapes outside of the insect trap 1 or that could potentially reach persons in the proximity of the insect trap 1.
- the amount of UV radiation leaving the insect trap 1 can be minimized by the shaping of the housing 100, by directing the light source 200 appropriately, by reflecting the light (e.g., by the use of a reflecting surface 500) so that it remains mostly on the inside of the housing 100, and by using a narrow wavelength lightbulb.
- the housing can also be constructed to direct any radiation escaping from the enclosure in a direction where few humans are present, e.g., upward along a wall.
- the amount of UV radiation leaving the insect trap 1 is minimized by controlling the direction, beam angle, and/or intensity of the light source 200. Such control can be achieved, for example, by the use of LED light bulbs.
- the insect trap 1 may also be configured to use a low voltage light source 200, such as low voltage LED light bulbs. In an exemplary embodiment, the light source 200 comprises 12 V LED lights.
- the insect trap 1 further includes a suppression element 300.
- the suppression element 300 may be an adhesive surface (e.g., a glueboard) that immobilizes insects so that the insects can be removed from the space.
- the suppression element 300 may be removable and replaceable so that immobilized and dead insects can easily be removed.
- the suppression element 300 may also include an electric trap, such as a low-voltage trap that stuns insects or directs their flight path to an adhesive surface, or a higher voltage trap that electrocutes insects. An electric trap will be connected to the power source 250 of the insect trap 1.
- the insect trap 1 may also include a power source 250.
- Any suitable power source 250 can be used that is sufficient to power the operational elements of the insect trap 1 (e.g., light source 200, controls, and electric trap, if included).
- the power source 250 can deliver either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) to the powered components of the insect trap 1.
- the power source 250 can be an electric cord connecting the insect trap 1 to a power outlet, or a battery unit.
- the insect trap 1 may include batteries and a connection to household power.
- alternative sources of power such as solar cells and/or rechargeable batteries, can be used.
- the power source 250 can be adapted to provide an amount of power required by the operational elements. For example, if the insect trap 1 includes LED lights, the power source 250 can be adapted to provide low voltage power (e.g., below 50 V).
- the insect trap 1 may also comprise a transformer coupled with the power source 250.
- the insect trap 1" may optionally include a bait component 410, for example, mounted on a bait location 400 inside the housing 100.
- the bait component 410 may include any suitable insect bait or attractant, including a food source or a pheromone, and optionally an insecticide.
- the insect trap 1 comprises a housing 100 with a back wall 160 and an opening 170 at or near the top of the housing 100, a glueboard 131, and one or more light bulbs 210 mounted onto the housing 100. Light emitted from the one or more light bulbs 210 is directed at the glueboard 131 and the back wall 160. Light reflected off of the glueboard 131, the back wall 160, and other surfaces inside the housing 100 can exit through the opening 170 and illuminate a portion of the catch zone 11 around the housing 100.
- FIGURES 9A , 9B , and 10 show alternative embodiments of the insect trap 1001, 2001 and housing 1100, 2100.
- the exemplary housing 2100 in FIGURE 10 includes a plurality of openings 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173 positioned at the top (2170), bottom front (2171), and sides (2172, 2173).
- the front opening 2171 may include a baffle that reflects light from the light source 200.
- the insect trap 1 comprises a housing 100 with a back wall 160 and an opening 170 at or near the top of the housing 100, a suppression element 300 (e.g., a glueboard 131), and one or more light bulbs 210 mounted onto the housing 100.
- the housing 100 may also include two, three, four, or more openings, which may be located on different sides (e.g., a first side, a second side, the front, and/or the bottom) of the housing 100.
- one or more of the walls e.g., a side wall 120, 130, the top 150, or the bottom 140
- the insect trap 1 further comprises one or more light sources 200, where at least one of the light sources 200 includes a directional light.
- the light source 200 can include a socket 220 and a light bulb 210 mounted onto the socket 220.
- the light bulb 210 can emit light having a wavelength of about 340 to about 500 nm, about 365 to about 420 nm, about 380 to about 410 nm, about 385 to about 405 nm, or about 405 nm.
- the light source 200 can comprise a plurality of light bulbs 210, which can be selected to emit light at different wave lengths.
- the light source 200 can comprise light bulbs that emit light at 360 to 400 nm, at 400 to 450 nm, at 450 to 500 nm, at 385 to 405 nm, at about 365 nm, at about 385 nm, at about 405 nm, or a combination thereof.
- At least one light bulb 210 is directed at the glueboard 131, the back wall 160, one or more side walls, the bottom 140, or a combination thereof.
- the insect trap 1 can be surrounded by an area defined as a catch zone 11 within a 80 cm radius, a 60 cm radius, or a 40 cm radius of the insect trap 1.
- a majority (e.g., at least 50 %, at least 60 %, at least 70 %, at least 80 %, at least 90 %, at least 95 %, at least 96 %, at least 97 %, or at least 98 % of the first order light) of the light emitted by the light source 200 is selectively directed at a surface within the enclosure or within the catch zone.
- the insect trap 1 may also include a power source 250, optionally a bait component 410 mounted on a bait location 400 inside the housing 100, and a control mechanism 600 that can be used to control the light source 200 remotely.
- the control mechanism 600 may include a remote control and/or a timer.
- the insect trap 1 may provide multiple benefits over prior art insect traps. For example, due to the use of LED light sources, the insect trap 1 has low energy usage and can be powered by low voltage power, thus reducing safety concerns. The LED light sources also generate less heat, increasing the life time of any plastic parts and the glue board of the insect trap 1. These benefits are at least partially enabled because of the surprising finding that a directional LED light can be used to attract flies at an efficiency that is similar to or sometimes even better than a fluorescent UV light.
- LED light sources also enables the use of a narrower wavelength range that sometimes can be in the near UV (or UVA) range, or even outside of what is considered to be UV light (e.g., above 400 nm), reducing the potential exposure of humans to UV light escaping from the insect trap 1. LED light sources also enable the construction of smaller traps, making them less noticeable and fitting into smaller spaces.
- the efficacy of various insect traps to trap and immobilize house flies was tested.
- the insect traps included a housing with an open top, a light source, a power source, and a glueboard.
- the housing was obtained from a commercially available fly trap, STEALTH ® Maxima (available form Ecolab Inc., in St. Paul, MN). The housing was modified to accommodate LED lights.
- Fly catch rates were evaluated as the number of flies caught in a half-hour period using a standard testing protocol.
- Laboratory strains of adult house flies Musica domestica Linnaeus), approx. 13-15 days old (including the larval stage) were used.
- 100 flies were released into the test room, resulting in a density of about 3.6 flies per m 3 .
- the dimensions of the test room were approximately 19.5 ft. x 11 ft. x 7 ft.
- the test room was maintained at 80 ⁇ 5 °F and relative humidity 35 ⁇ 10 % during testing.
- the room lights were kept on during testing. Flies were allowed to acclimate to the room for one hour, after which a fresh glueboard was placed in the trap.
- the housing was outfitted with LED lights as described.
- the LED lights were powered by house power, using a 12 V DC transformer.
- the effect of orienting LED lights and directing the light emitted from the LEDs was evaluated.
- 100 LEDs were oriented so that light from the LEDs was directed to the back wall of the housing and out into the testing room.
- one (1) LED component was oriented to direct the emitted light in toward the inside of the enclosure of the housing and 100 LEDs were oriented to direct light onto the back wall and out into the room.
- the mean catch was recorded. The results are shown in FIGURE 11 .
- the housing was outfitted with two LED light sources, one emitting UV light (about 365 nm) and one emitting blue light (about 470 nm).
- the housing also included two glueboards, one on the inside of the front wall and one along the inside bottom, and a reflective board positioned along the back wall of the housing.
- both LED light sources were directed at the wall behind and above the housing.
- both LED light sources were directed outward into the testing room.
- the UV LED was directed at the wall behind and above the housing, and the blue LED was directed outward into the testing room.
- the UV LED was directed at the wall behind and above the housing, and the blue LED was directed downward into the interior of the housing.
- the experimental set-up is schematically shown in FIGURES 12A-12D
- the effect of blue or green light in addition to UV was evaluated.
- the housing was outfitted with LED light sources that emit either UV LED (about 365 nm) only, or UV light and either blue light (about 470 nm) or green light (about 510 nm).
- the housing was outfitted with one glueboard.
- the effect of blue light in addition to UV was evaluated.
- the housing was outfitted with LED light sources that emit either UV light (about 365 nm) only, or UV light and blue light (about 470 nm).
- the housing was outfitted with one glueboard.
- two spot-light type lights were used, one positioned to direct light toward the glueboard and one angled upward toward the opening and along the back wall.
- the spot lights included three LED components.
- fly traps with light sources were tested and compared.
- the tested fly traps were (in the order they are presented in FIGURE 16 ):
- the STEALTH ® Maxima frame was tested with the commercially available configuration of two fluorescent bulbs, as well as two different types (type 1 and type 2) of LED spot lights.
- the effect of placing the light source closer to the glue board was studied.
- the insect trap was outfitted with two LED UV lights. One light was directed at a glueboard mounted on the back wall and positioned within about 2-3 inches from the glueboard. The other light was directed at a glueboard and positioned within about 3-4 inches from the glueboard mounted on the floor of the insect trap. The positioning of the lights resulted in a very intense spot light on the inside of the housing.
- FIGURE 17 shows a photograph of the inside of the housing after testing. A concentration of flies can be seen in the most intensely lit area. It was observed that an improved catch could be achieved by the positioning of the light sources close to and directed at the glueboards.
- the fly catch using LED lights at various wavelengths was tested.
- the trap was set up as in Example 5, where two spot-light type lights were used, one positioned to direct light toward the glueboard and one angled upward toward the opening and along the back wall.
- the results are shown in TABLE 4 and FIGURE 20 .
- the fly catch was tested using two different LED light bulbs in the prototype trap and a commercially available white insect trap (STEALTH ® Maxima) with a fluorescent UV light bulb.
- the prototype trap was set up as in Example 5, where two spot-light type lights were used, one positioned to direct light toward the glueboard and one angled upward toward the opening and along the back wall.
- the LED light bulbs were 405 nm bulbs (EXCEED bulb available from Shenzhen Exceed Electronic Co. LTD, China, and NEXTERN bulb).
- the NEXTERN bulb differs from the EXCEED bulb in that the NEXTERN bulb has a frosted cover.
- the results are shown in TABLE 6 and FIGURE 22 . TABLE 6. Fly Catch Using Different Bulbs.
- the fly catch of phorid flies using LED lights at various wavelengths was tested.
- the trap was set up as in Example 5, where two spot-light type lights were used, one positioned to direct light toward the glueboard and one angled upward toward the opening and along the back wall.
- the test method was adjusted because phorid flies are smaller than the house flies used in other examples.
- 50 phorid flies were released in to a flight box made of clear acrylic and having an approximate size of 2 ft. by 2 ft. by 6.5 ft.
- the traps were tested one at a time for thirty minute intervals, and the order of testing was randomized.
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Claims (13)
- Falle (1), umfassend:(a) ein Gehäuse (100), umfassend einen Boden (60) und Wände (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160) mit einer Rückwand (160) und einer Vorderabdeckung (110) und mindestens einer Öffnung (170), wobei die Wände (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160) einen Innenraum definieren;(b) eine Lichtquelle (200), umfassend eine gerichtete Lichtquelle, die in dem Innenraum angebracht ist, wobei die Lichtquelle (200) eine LED-Leuchte umfasst und wobei die Lichtquelle (200) konfiguriert ist, um im Betrieb einen Großteil des von der Lichtquelle (200) emittierten Lichts auf eine oder mehrere Oberflächen in dem Innenraum zu richten und um es einem Anteil des Lichts zu ermöglichen, durch die eine oder die mehreren Öffnungen (170) in dem Gehäuse (100) aus der Einschließung zu entweichen;(c) ein Unterdrückungselement (300), das in dem Innenraum angebracht und konstruiert ist, um Arthropoden unbeweglich zu machen, zu töten oder zurückzuhalten,dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorderabdeckung (110) durch Scharniere (111) schwenkbar mit dem Boden (60) verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um in eine offene Position zu schwenken, um auf das Innere des Gehäuses zuzugreifen, und wobei ein Ablenkblech angrenzend an die mindestens eine Öffnung (170) positioniert ist.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Lichtquelle (200) eine Vielzahl von Glühbirnen (210) umfasst.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Lichtquelle (200) konstruiert ist, um Licht mit einer oder mehreren Wellenlängen, die von 350 bis 500 nm reichen, zu emittieren.
- Falle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner umfassendeinen Rahmen (50), der an einer Oberfläche anbringbar ist; undeine Stromquelle (250), die angepasst ist, um die Lichtquelle (200) mit elektrischem Strom zu versorgen.
- Falle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Unterdrückungselement (300) eine Klebeplatte oder ein elektrisches Unterdrückungselement ist.
- Falle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die gerichtete Lichtquelle (200) UV-Licht emittiert.
- Falle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die gerichtete Lichtquelle (200) positioniert ist, sodass weniger als 25 % des durch die gerichtete Lichtquelle (200) emittierten Lichts aus dem Innenraum entweicht, ohne von einer Innenoberfläche der Insektenfalle (1) reflektiert zu werden.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Rahmen (50) ferner ein Gehäuse (100), umfassend Wände (120, 130, 140, 150, 160) und mindestens eine Öffnung (170), umfasst, wobei die Wände (120, 130, 140, 150, 160) einen Innenraum definieren und wobei die Lichtquelle (200) und das Unterdrückungselement (300) in dem Innenraum angebracht sind.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Vorderabdeckung (110, 3110) abnehmbar ist.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gehäuse (100) eine obere Öffnung, eine oder mehrere seitliche Öffnungen, eine untere Öffnung oder eine Kombination davon umfasst.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gehäuse (100) einen Rahmen (50) in dem Innenraum umfasst und wobei die Lichtquelle (200) auf dem Rahmen (50) angebracht ist.
- Falle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei, wenn Licht durch die Lichtquelle (200) emittiert wird, das Licht als Licht erster Ordnung bezeichnet wird, ein Großteil des Lichts erster Ordnung, das durch die Lichtquelle (200) emittiert wird, selektiv auf eine Oberfläche innerhalb der Einschließung gerichtet ist.
- Falle (1) nach Anspruch 12, wobei mindestens 50 %, mindestens 60 %, mindestens 70 %, mindestens 80 %, mindestens 90 %, mindestens 95 %, mindestens 96 %, mindestens 97 %, mindestens 98 % oder 99 % oder mehr des Lichts erster Ordnung auf eine Oberfläche innerhalb der Einschließung gerichtet ist.
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EP20175683.0A EP3729963A1 (de) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum anlocken und fangen von fliegenden insekten |
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EP20175683.0A Division-Into EP3729963A1 (de) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-26 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum anlocken und fangen von fliegenden insekten |
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