EP3291638A1 - Heated ptc element with protection circuit - Google Patents

Heated ptc element with protection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3291638A1
EP3291638A1 EP17187649.3A EP17187649A EP3291638A1 EP 3291638 A1 EP3291638 A1 EP 3291638A1 EP 17187649 A EP17187649 A EP 17187649A EP 3291638 A1 EP3291638 A1 EP 3291638A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating layer
layer
set forth
conductive layer
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17187649.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3291638B1 (en
Inventor
Jon Shearer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority to EP19193847.1A priority Critical patent/EP3611998B1/en
Publication of EP3291638A1 publication Critical patent/EP3291638A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3291638B1 publication Critical patent/EP3291638B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/18—Floors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D13/08—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned the air being heated or cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/008—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for protective arrangements according to this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • This application relates to a heated PTC element having a fault protection circuit.
  • Heated floor panels are known and utilized in any number of applications.
  • One proposed application is in an aircraft cabin.
  • a location near an aircraft door is being considered to be provided with such panels.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • a heater electrical short protection arrangement has a heating layer that is at least partially electrically conductive.
  • a conductive layer is initially electrically insulated from the heating layer.
  • a circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer is configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.
  • a method is also disclosed.
  • FIG. 1A shows an aircraft cabin 19 schematically.
  • a heated floor panel 20 is located in an aircraft cabin.
  • the heated floor panel 20 may be placed near an aircraft door.
  • the heated floor panel 20 may be generally as known and include a heating layer 22 including conductors 15 and 17 and a substrate 18 of a PTC material that will heat when exposed to the current from conductors 15 and 17.
  • the heating layer 22 is formed of a substrate that may be any number of materials. As examples, a carbon-loaded silicone-based film may be utilized. Alternatively, an ink/paste layer may be utilized as the substrate. Further, a PTC material may coat a fabric. The spacing of the conductors is designed based upon desired heat-up rates, power density, and heating patterns. The PTC substrate is tailored through chemistry, thickness, length, etc. to control heater performance.
  • a PTC heating layer is characterized as reaching a desired temperature. At the point it reaches its desired temperature, the resistance of the substrate increases greatly which will limit the flow of power to the heater.
  • a PTC heating layer could be characterized as operating around a steady-state design temperature.
  • An insulating layer 24 separates the heating layer 22 from an electrically conductive layer 26.
  • the layer 26 can be a guard screen or a film.
  • the insulating layer 24 may be a dielectric material.
  • Another insulating layer 27 and an outer skin 29 may be included.
  • Power is supplied from 28 to the heating layer 22.
  • a control 31 controls the amount of current flowing through a supply line 33 to the heating layer 22.
  • a protection circuit 41 is shown mounted on supply line 33.
  • a switch 30 is downstream of protection circuit 41.
  • Protection circuit 41 may be provided with a transformer 38 that can operate an optical latch circuit 32 to open the switch 30 under certain conditions.
  • line 31 communicates layer 26 to circuit 41.
  • Figure 1B shows an example protection circuit 41.
  • power from 28 energizes Vs through D 1 , R 1 , and C 1 .
  • a voltage V 1 is developed across R 3 for reference to U 1 minus an input.
  • circuit 41 also communicates with layer 26 through line 34. If current flows into 26 (as explained below), then a conductive layer 26 voltage may exceed V 1 . If so, U 1 will activate Q 1 and coil 38 which opens switch 30.
  • Optical light from D 2 activates Q 2 , latching Q 1 on, holding coil 38 active, and switch 30 open until power from 28 is removed. Any other circuit that can operate to open a switch should current flow in layer 26 may be utilized.
  • the heated floor panel 20 can operate to heat a floor.
  • FIG. 2 shows damage 42 to the heated floor panel 20. Perhaps a knife or heavy object has been dropped on the panel. As shown, a point 44 exists where the conductive layer 26 is now in contact with the heating layer 22. This will cause current flow into conductive layer 26.
  • Figure 3 shows a first potential location wherein the protection circuit 41, the switch 30, and the control 31 are all placed within a portion 52 of a connector that is connected at 54 to the power supply 28.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment 56 wherein a side compartment 58 receives the protection circuit 41, switch 30, and control 31.
  • protection features of this disclosure would benefit other type heating layers than just PTC heaters. Also, protection circuits that stop the supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in ways other than opening a switch may come within the scope of this disclosure.
  • the disclosure could be broadly stated as comprising a heater electrical short protection arrangement having a heating layer being at least partially electrically conductive.
  • a conductive layer initially electrically insulated from the heating layer.
  • a circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.
  • the disclosure also extends to a method of providing heat that includes supplying power to a heating layer that is at least partially electrically conductive and with a conductive layer electrically insulated from the heating layer.
  • a circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer, selectively stopping the supply of power to the heating layer should current flow into the conductive layer.

Abstract

A heater electrical short protection arrangement has a heating layer (22) that is at least partially electrically conductive. A conductive layer (26) is initially electrically insulated from the heating layer. A circuit (41) in electrical communication with the conductive layer is configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This application relates to a heated PTC element having a fault protection circuit.
  • Heated floor panels are known and utilized in any number of applications. One proposed application is in an aircraft cabin. In particular, a location near an aircraft door is being considered to be provided with such panels.
  • One type of heated floor panel is a positive temperature coefficient ("PTC") panel. Such panels are formed of a material that heats when provided with electric current. Conductors are interlaced within a substrate of PTC material and current is supplied to the conductors, which, in turn, causes the substrate to heat.
  • There are concerns with these panels, particularly, as occupants of the aircraft cabin are exposed to the panels. One concern has to do with shock hazards or dielectric breakdown, which can lead to arcing or smoke damage. As an example, if the panel is damaged, the PTC could be compromised.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • A heater electrical short protection arrangement has a heating layer that is at least partially electrically conductive. A conductive layer is initially electrically insulated from the heating layer. A circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer is configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.
  • A method is also disclosed.
  • These and other features may be best understood from the following drawings and specification, the following of which is a brief description.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    • Figure 1A schematically shows a heated floor panel in an aircraft.
    • Figure 1B shows a safety circuit.
    • Figure 2 shows an example of damage to a panel.
    • Figure 3 shows a first location for the safety circuit.
    • Figure 4 shows an alternative location.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Figure 1A shows an aircraft cabin 19 schematically. A heated floor panel 20 is located in an aircraft cabin. As an example, the heated floor panel 20 may be placed near an aircraft door. The heated floor panel 20 may be generally as known and include a heating layer 22 including conductors 15 and 17 and a substrate 18 of a PTC material that will heat when exposed to the current from conductors 15 and 17.
  • Heated floor panels are generally known. The heating layer 22 is formed of a substrate that may be any number of materials. As examples, a carbon-loaded silicone-based film may be utilized. Alternatively, an ink/paste layer may be utilized as the substrate. Further, a PTC material may coat a fabric. The spacing of the conductors is designed based upon desired heat-up rates, power density, and heating patterns. The PTC substrate is tailored through chemistry, thickness, length, etc. to control heater performance.
  • In general, a PTC heating layer is characterized as reaching a desired temperature. At the point it reaches its desired temperature, the resistance of the substrate increases greatly which will limit the flow of power to the heater. Thus, a PTC heating layer could be characterized as operating around a steady-state design temperature.
  • An insulating layer 24 separates the heating layer 22 from an electrically conductive layer 26. The layer 26 can be a guard screen or a film. The insulating layer 24 may be a dielectric material. Another insulating layer 27 and an outer skin 29 may be included.
  • Power is supplied from 28 to the heating layer 22. A control 31 controls the amount of current flowing through a supply line 33 to the heating layer 22.
  • A protection circuit 41 is shown mounted on supply line 33. A switch 30 is downstream of protection circuit 41. Protection circuit 41 may be provided with a transformer 38 that can operate an optical latch circuit 32 to open the switch 30 under certain conditions. As shown, line 31 communicates layer 26 to circuit 41.
  • Figure 1B shows an example protection circuit 41. When current flows through the line 33, power from 28 energizes Vs through D1, R1, and C1. A voltage V1 is developed across R3 for reference to U1 minus an input. As shown, circuit 41 also communicates with layer 26 through line 34. If current flows into 26 (as explained below), then a conductive layer 26 voltage may exceed V1. If so, U1 will activate Q1 and coil 38 which opens switch 30. Optical light from D2 activates Q2, latching Q1 on, holding coil 38 active, and switch 30 open until power from 28 is removed. Any other circuit that can operate to open a switch should current flow in layer 26 may be utilized.
  • As long as the insulation layer 24 sits between the conductive layer 26 and heating layer 22, no voltage will exist on line 34. Under these conditions, the circuit 41 will not open the switch 30. Thus, the heated floor panel 20 can operate to heat a floor.
  • Figure 2 shows damage 42 to the heated floor panel 20. Perhaps a knife or heavy object has been dropped on the panel. As shown, a point 44 exists where the conductive layer 26 is now in contact with the heating layer 22. This will cause current flow into conductive layer 26.
  • At such a point, the circuit 41 will see the voltage on line 34 and open the switch 30, as shown.
  • This will stop current flow from source 28 to the heating layer 22. Once power is shut off, the switch 30 will return to a closed position and the panel can be repaired or otherwise evaluated.
  • Figure 3 shows a first potential location wherein the protection circuit 41, the switch 30, and the control 31 are all placed within a portion 52 of a connector that is connected at 54 to the power supply 28.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment 56 wherein a side compartment 58 receives the protection circuit 41, switch 30, and control 31.
  • While a heated floor panel is utilized, the protective benefits of this disclosure may extend to other PTC heater applications.
  • The protection features of this disclosure would benefit other type heating layers than just PTC heaters. Also, protection circuits that stop the supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in ways other than opening a switch may come within the scope of this disclosure.
  • Thus, the disclosure could be broadly stated as comprising a heater electrical short protection arrangement having a heating layer being at least partially electrically conductive. A conductive layer initially electrically insulated from the heating layer. A circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.
  • The disclosure also extends to a method of providing heat that includes supplying power to a heating layer that is at least partially electrically conductive and with a conductive layer electrically insulated from the heating layer. A circuit in electrical communication with the conductive layer, selectively stopping the supply of power to the heating layer should current flow into the conductive layer.
  • Although an embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.

Claims (15)

  1. A heater electrical short protection arrangement comprising:
    a heating layer (22) being at least partially electrically conductive;
    a conductive layer (26) initially electrically insulated from the heating layer; and
    a circuit (41) in electrical communication with the conductive layer configured to halt a supply of electrical energy to the heating layer in response to current flowing into the conductive layer.
  2. The arrangement as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heating layer has a positive coefficient material.
  3. The arrangement as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said circuit opens a switch (30) to stop the supply of electrical energy.
  4. The arrangement as set forth in claim 3, wherein said circuit includes a transformer (38) to open said switch if current flows into said conductive layer.
  5. The arrangement as set forth in claim 3, wherein said switch is on a line connecting a power supply (28) to said heating layer.
  6. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein said conductive layer is a guard screen, or wherein said conductive layer is a film.
  7. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein said heating layer includes electric conductors (15, 17) and a substrate (18) formed of a positive temperature coefficient material, and said heating layer (22) having a design temperature and a resistance of said heating layer increasing when said design temperature is reached.
  8. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein an insulating layer (24) is included between said heating layer and said conductive layer.
  9. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein if there is damage to said heating layer, said conductive layer may be forced into contact with a portion of said heating layer to supply current into said conductive layer, and cause said protection circuit to actuate said switch.
  10. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein said circuit is received in an electrical connector connecting said heating layer to a current supply, or wherein said circuit is received in a compartment to one side of said heating layer.
  11. The arrangement as set forth in any preceding claim, wherein said heater is a heated floor panel (20).
  12. The arrangement as set forth in claim 11, wherein said heated floor panel is to be utilized in an aircraft cabin.
  13. A method of providing heat comprising:
    supplying power to a heating layer that is at least partially electrically conductive, and a conductive layer electrically insulated from the heating layer;
    a circuit in electrical communication with said conductive layer, selectively stopping the supply of power to said heating layer should current flow into said conductive layer.
  14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein said circuit opens a switch.
  15. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein if there is damage to said heating panel, said conductive layer is forced into contact with a portion of said heating layer to supply current into said conductive layer, and cause said circuit to stop the supply of power to said heating layer.
EP17187649.3A 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit Active EP3291638B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19193847.1A EP3611998B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/254,023 US20180063887A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 Heated ptc element with protection circuit

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19193847.1A Division EP3611998B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit
EP19193847.1A Division-Into EP3611998B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3291638A1 true EP3291638A1 (en) 2018-03-07
EP3291638B1 EP3291638B1 (en) 2019-10-02

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EP17187649.3A Active EP3291638B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit
EP19193847.1A Active EP3611998B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19193847.1A Active EP3611998B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-08-24 Heated ptc element with protection circuit

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US20180063887A1 (en)
EP (2) EP3291638B1 (en)
BR (1) BR102017018126A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2976403A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016221268B3 (en) * 2016-10-28 2018-02-08 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Cab structure component, method for manufacturing a cabin structure component, cabin arrangement and means of transport

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US5361183A (en) * 1993-06-30 1994-11-01 Alliedsignal Inc. Ground fault protection for electrothermal de-icing applications
DE102008006017A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-06 Beurer Gmbh Soft heating device, has control device controlling or regulating temperature produced by heat unit, and evaluating signals in evaluation device, and sensor line integrated into detection circuit as component causing signal change
US20100065542A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Ashish Dubey Electrical heater with a resistive neutral plane
EP2199063A2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 tesa SE Heated area element and method for fixing same
US20110149447A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Fink Joel G Aircraft electrical appliance
EP3015360A1 (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 Airbus Operations GmbH A floor panel for an aircraft, and an aircraft comprising such a floor panel

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US3894282A (en) * 1973-02-02 1975-07-08 Computron Inc Adaptive timing temperature control circuit
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US4246468A (en) * 1978-01-30 1981-01-20 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices containing PTC elements
US4346468A (en) * 1981-07-20 1982-08-24 Rca Corporation High density information disc
US4698583A (en) * 1985-03-26 1987-10-06 Raychem Corporation Method of monitoring a heater for faults
US4870252A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-09-26 Charles Balmer Condensation controller
US6288372B1 (en) * 1999-11-03 2001-09-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection
JP5875279B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2016-03-02 三菱重工業株式会社 HEATER CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD, AND PROGRAM
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Patent Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5361183A (en) * 1993-06-30 1994-11-01 Alliedsignal Inc. Ground fault protection for electrothermal de-icing applications
DE102008006017A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-06 Beurer Gmbh Soft heating device, has control device controlling or regulating temperature produced by heat unit, and evaluating signals in evaluation device, and sensor line integrated into detection circuit as component causing signal change
US20100065542A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Ashish Dubey Electrical heater with a resistive neutral plane
EP2199063A2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 tesa SE Heated area element and method for fixing same
US20110149447A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Fink Joel G Aircraft electrical appliance
EP3015360A1 (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 Airbus Operations GmbH A floor panel for an aircraft, and an aircraft comprising such a floor panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2976403A1 (en) 2018-03-01
EP3611998B1 (en) 2024-04-10
EP3611998A1 (en) 2020-02-19
EP3291638B1 (en) 2019-10-02
BR102017018126A2 (en) 2018-03-27
US20180063887A1 (en) 2018-03-01

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