EP3288447A1 - Appareil et procédé d'extraction de caractéristique cardiovasculaire - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé d'extraction de caractéristique cardiovasculaire

Info

Publication number
EP3288447A1
EP3288447A1 EP17792912.2A EP17792912A EP3288447A1 EP 3288447 A1 EP3288447 A1 EP 3288447A1 EP 17792912 A EP17792912 A EP 17792912A EP 3288447 A1 EP3288447 A1 EP 3288447A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
main body
signal
pulse wave
cardiovascular characteristic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17792912.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3288447A4 (fr
Inventor
Sang Yun Park
Byung Hoon Ko
Yong Joo Kwon
Jae Min Kang
Youn Ho Kim
Seung Woo Noh
Young Zoon Yoon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2017/004695 external-priority patent/WO2017192010A1/fr
Publication of EP3288447A1 publication Critical patent/EP3288447A1/fr
Publication of EP3288447A4 publication Critical patent/EP3288447A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • A61B5/7278—Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
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    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
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    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
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    • A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
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    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
    • A61B5/02116—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics of pulse wave amplitude
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    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
    • A61B5/02125—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics of pulse wave propagation time
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    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
    • A61B5/02255—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds the pressure being controlled by plethysmographic signals, e.g. derived from optical sensors
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    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
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    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02438—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
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    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
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    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6824—Arm or wrist
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    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6831—Straps, bands or harnesses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/6843—Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7225—Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation
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    • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
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    • A61B2562/0261—Strain gauges
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    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/02233—Occluders specially adapted therefor
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    • A61B7/04—Electric stethoscopes
    • A61B7/045—Detection of Korotkoff sounds

Definitions

  • Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to the extraction of a cardiovascular characteristic.
  • Pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) methods are typically used to non-invasively extract cardiovascular characteristics without the use of pressure cuffs.
  • the PWA method is a method of extracting cardiovascular characteristics by analyzing the shape of a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal or of a body surface pressure signal from a peripheral part of the body, for example, a fingertip, a radial artery, or the like.
  • PPG photoplethysmography
  • the blood ejected from the left ventricle causes reflection at areas of large branches, such as the renal arteries and the iliac arteries, and the reflection affects the shape of the pulse wave or body pressure wave measured at the peripheral part of the body.
  • the PWV method is a method of extracting cardiovascular characteristics by measuring a pulse wave transmission time.
  • a delay (a pulse transit time (PTT)) between an R-peak (left ventricular contraction interval) of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a peak of a PPG signal or pressure pulse wave of a finger or the radial artery is measured by measuring the ECG and PPG signals of the peripheral part of the body and by calculating a velocity at which the blood from the heart reaches the peripheral part of the body by dividing an approximate length of the arm by the PPT.
  • PTT pulse transit time
  • a measurement position 1 which is the heart
  • a measurement position 2 must form a closed loop through the body surface with the heart positioned at the center thereof, and thus, the right hand and the left hand should be simultaneously in contact with electrodes of a measurement system, or the electrodes of the system should be in contact with one point of the skin surface of the torso or chest at one side of the heart and also with another point at the other side of the heart.
  • the electrodes of the system should be in contact with one point of the skin surface of the torso or chest at one side of the heart and also with another point at the other side of the heart.
  • apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic including: a first sensor configured to measure a vibration signal generated by a pulse wave of a subject; a second sensor configured to measure a pulse wave signal of the subject; a processor configured to perform an operation to calculate a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the measured vibration signal and pulse wave signal; and a main body to which the first sensor, the second sensor, and the processor are mounted.
  • the apparatus may further include at least one strap connected to the main body and fixing the main body to the wrist by tension.
  • the first sensor may measure a vibration transferred to the main body through the at least one strap when the pulse wave is generated at a radial artery in a state in which the at least one strap is wrapped around the wrist by tension.
  • the first sensor may include a piezoelectric sensor configured to measure a vibration of the pulse wave transferred through the main body.
  • the first sensor may include a force sensor or a strain gauge configured to measure a contact pressure of the subject which is transferred though the main body.
  • the first sensor may include a piezo bender configured to generate an electrical signal according to deformation thereof, a rigid support body mounted in the main body so as to support both ends of the piezo bender in a state in which a cavity is formed between the rigid support body and the piezo bender, and a pressurizing block configured to receive a vibration of the pulse wave and to pressurize and thereby deform the piezo bender.
  • the first sensor may include a piezo bender configured to generate an electrical signal according to deformation thereof, a rigid support body mounted in the main body so as to support both ends of the piezo bender in a state in which a cavity is formed between the rigid support body and the piezo bender, and a force sensor configured to measure a contact pressure of the subject which is transferred through the main body and to receive the vibration of the pulse wave and to pressurize and thereby deform the piezo bender.
  • a piezo bender configured to generate an electrical signal according to deformation thereof
  • a rigid support body mounted in the main body so as to support both ends of the piezo bender in a state in which a cavity is formed between the rigid support body and the piezo bender
  • a force sensor configured to measure a contact pressure of the subject which is transferred through the main body and to receive the vibration of the pulse wave and to pressurize and thereby deform the piezo bender.
  • the main body may include a housing and the housing may accommodate the second sensor such that the second sensor is exposed to the subject.
  • the apparatus may include a stretchable connection part connecting the second sensor to the housing.
  • the housing may accommodate the first sensor therein such that the first sensor is be closer to the second sensor than to the processor.
  • the second sensor may include a sensor board, a light source mounted on the sensor board to emit light to the subject, and a detector mounted on the sensor board to detect light returning from the subject.
  • the light source may be one selected from a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, and a fluorescent body.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • laser diode a laser diode
  • fluorescent body a fluorescent body
  • the processor may include a delay time calculator configured to calculate a delay time between the measured vibration signal and the pulse wave signal, and a cardiovascular characteristic extractor configured to extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the calculated delay time.
  • the processor may further include a feature point extractor configured to extract at least one of a peak point, a valley point, a maximum slope point, and a minimum slope point from each of the vibration signal and the pulse wave signal as feature points and a delay time calculator which calculates the delay time using the extracted feature points.
  • a feature point extractor configured to extract at least one of a peak point, a valley point, a maximum slope point, and a minimum slope point from each of the vibration signal and the pulse wave signal as feature points
  • a delay time calculator which calculates the delay time using the extracted feature points.
  • the apparatus may further include a communicator mounted in the main body and configured to transmit at least one of the vibration signal, the pulse wave signal, the feature points, the delay time, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and the cardiovascular characteristic to an external device.
  • a communicator mounted in the main body and configured to transmit at least one of the vibration signal, the pulse wave signal, the feature points, the delay time, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and the cardiovascular characteristic to an external device.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic may include at least one of a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue.
  • the apparatus may further include a display configured to provide the extracted cardiovascular characteristic to the user under a control of the processor.
  • the processor may include a preprocessor configured to preprocess the signals measured by the first sensor and the second sensor and a signal converter configured to perform an analog-to-digital conversion on the measured signals.
  • an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic including: a main body; at least one strap connected to the main body and configured to be wrapped around a wrist of a subject; a first sensor mounted in the main body and comprising a force sensor or a strain gauge configured to measure a contact pressure signal of the subject generated by a vibration that is transferred to the main body through the at least one strap when a pulse wave is generated; a second sensor mounted in the main body and configured to measure a pulse wave signal of the subject; and a processor mounted in the main body and configured to perform an operation to extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the contact pressure signal and the pulse wave signal.
  • the processor may separate the contact pressure signal into an alternating current (AC) component signal and a direct current (DC) component signal.
  • AC alternating current
  • DC direct current
  • the processor may calculate a delay time between the AC component signal and the pulse wave signal and extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the calculated delay time.
  • the processor may collect information about a contact state of the force sensor on the basis of the DC component signal and determine to extract the cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the collected information.
  • the processor may calibrate a value of the extracted cardiovascular characteristic or an estimation model that represents a relationship between the cardiovascular characteristic and the delay time on the basis of the DC component signal.
  • an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic including: a main body; at least one strap connected to the main body and configured to be wrapped around a wrist of a subject; a first sensor mounted in the main body and comprising a microphone configured to measure a sound wave signal generated by a vibration that is transferred to the main body through the at least one strap when a pulse wave is generated; a second sensor mounted in the main body and configured to measure a pulse wave signal of the subject; and a processor mounted in the main body and configured to perform an operation related to cardiovascular characteristic extraction on the basis of the sound wave signal and the pulse wave signal.
  • the microphone may include at least one of an electret microphone and a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) microphone.
  • MEMS micro electro mechanical system
  • the first sensor may further include a diaphragm configured to convert a vibration signal transmitted to the main body through the at least one strap into the sound wave signal and transmit the sound wave signal to the microphone.
  • a method of extracting a cardiovascular characteristic by a cardiovascular characteristic extracting apparatus comprising a main body in which a first sensor and a second sensor are mounted, the method including: measuring, at the first sensor, a vibration signal generated by a pulse wave of a subject; measuring, at the second sensor, a pulse wave signal; and performing an operation related to cardiovascular characteristic extraction on the basis of the vibration signal and the pulse wave signal.
  • the measuring of the vibration signal may include measuring the vibration signal transferred to the main body through at least one strap when a pulse wave is generated in a state where the at least one connected to the main body is wrapped around a wrist of a subject and fixes the main body to the wrist by tension.
  • the performing of the operation may include calculating a delay time between the vibration signal and the pulse wave signal and extracting a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the calculated delay time.
  • the performing of the operation may include extracting at least one of a peak point, a valley point, a maximum slope point, and a minimum slope point from each of the vibration signal and the pulse wave signal as feature points and the calculating of the delay time may include calculating the delay time using the extracted feature points.
  • the method may further include providing the extracted cardiovascular characteristic to a user through a display.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating in detail an exemplary embodiment of the configuration of the processor of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C are graphs for describing signal processing procedures of the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram for describing a first sensor of the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a configuration of a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a detailed flowchart showing procedures of performing a cardiovascular characteristic-related operation of the method of extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • an apparatus 1 for extracting cardiovascular characteristics may be a wearable device which can be worn on a wrist.
  • the apparatus 1 includes a main body 100 and straps 121 and 122 which are connected to the main body 100 and are flexible so as to be wrappable around and held against the wrist of a subject by tension, thereby fixing the main body to the wrist.
  • a display 110 and an operator 115 may be mounted on the main body 100 of the apparatus 1.
  • the display 110 may display a variety of information related to cardiovascular characteristics, for example, cardiovascular characteristic information, such as a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue, various sensor signals used to extract the cardiovascular characteristics, analysis information of sensor signals, and additional information, such as warning and alarm according to an extracted cardiovascular characteristic, and may thereby provide this information to a user.
  • cardiovascular characteristic information such as a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue
  • various sensor signals used to extract the cardiovascular characteristics such as a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue
  • various sensor signals used to extract the cardiovascular characteristics such as a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue
  • additional information such as warning and alarm according to an extracted cardiovascular characteristic
  • the display 110 may be equipped with a touch input function and may output a user interface so that the user can input any of a variety of commands using the touch input function and may thereby perform necessary operations.
  • the operator 115 may receive a control command of the user and transmit the command to a processor 220, and may include a power button for inputting a command for turning the power of the apparatus 1 on and off.
  • the main body 200 may additionally include a sensor 210 and the processor 220.
  • the sensor 210 measures sensor signals required for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic. As shown in FIG. 2, the sensor 210 may include a first sensor 211 and a second sensor 212.
  • the first sensor 211 measures a first signal generated by a pulse wave of the subject. For example, when a pulse wave is generated at the radial artery in a state in which the straps 121 and 122 are wrapped around the wrist by tension, mechanical vibrations are transferred to the main body 100 through the straps 121 and 122. In this case, the first sensor 211 may measure a vibration signal transmitted to the main body 100 through the straps 121 and 122 as the first signal.
  • the first sensor 211 includes a sensor element for measuring the vibration of the radial artery pulse wave transferred to the main body 100 through the straps 121 and 122, and the sensor element may include a piezoelectric sensor having a piezoelectric characteristic that converts the mechanical vibration into an electric signal.
  • the first sensor 211 may be implemented with a piezo bender which is a plate piezoelectric sensor in which an electrical potential is generated according to the mechanical deformation of the plate, or may be implemented by serial and/or parallel connection of a plurality of piezo benders.
  • the piezoelectric sensor may be include a piezoelectric ceramic, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or a piezoelectric polymer, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
  • PZT lead zirconate titanate
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the first sensor 211 may include any of various types of sensors capable of measuring a mechanical vibration of a pulse wave.
  • the second sensor 212 measures a second signal generated by the pulse wave of the subject.
  • the second sensor 212 may measure a pulse wave signal as the second signal by emitting light to the subject and detecting light returning from the subject.
  • the second sensor 212 may be formed on the main body 100 so as to be in close contact with an area of the dorsal side of the wrist and may measure a pulse wave signal generated from capillary blood or venous blood.
  • the second sensor 212 may include a light source for emitting light to the subject and a detector for measuring the pulse wave signal by detecting light returning from the subject, which are sensor elements for measuring a pulse wave signal.
  • the light source may include a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, or a fluorescent body, but is not limited thereto.
  • the first sensor 211 and the second sensor 212 each may include an array of a plurality of sensor elements, if desired, for matching with the blood vessels in the wrist area and improving signal quality.
  • the processor 220 may receive the measured first and second signals and perform any of various operations related to extraction of cardiovascular characteristics using the received first and second signals.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating in detail an exemplary embodiment of the configuration of the processor of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C are graphs for describing signal processing procedures of the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic.
  • the processor 220 includes a preprocessor 221, a signal converter 222, a feature point extractor 223, a delay time calculator 224, and a cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225.
  • the preprocessor 221 When the preprocessor 221 receives the first signal and the second signal from the first sensor 211 and the second sensor 212, respectively, the preprocessor 221 performs preprocessing on the received signals, such as noise removal, signal amplification, or the like. For example, the preprocessor 221 may perform preprocessing, such as signal normalization, detrending for trend and offset removal, signal smoothing, and high-frequency noise removal using a low pass filter.
  • the signal converter 222 may convert the signals into digital signals.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates waveforms of signals obtained by analog-to-digital converting a first signal 411 measured by the first sensor 211 and a second signal 412 measured by the second sensor 212 at 1000 Hz and preprocessing the converted signals.
  • the feature point extractor 223 extracts feature points to obtain a delay time between the first signal 411 and the second signal 421 shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the feature point extractor 223 may extract notable points from the first signal 411 and from the second signal 412 as feature points and may place marks M1 and M2 on each of the signals 411 and 412, as shown in FIG. 4B, by using the extracted feature points or by combining the feature points.
  • the feature points may include peak points, valley points, and/or maximum and minimum slope points of the first and second signals 411 and 412, but the exemplary embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates marking maximum points of the positive slopes of the first signal 411 and the second signal 412 as feature points.
  • the delay time calculator 224 may calculate a delay between the feature points M1 and M2 marked on the first signal 411 and on the second signal 412.
  • the delay time indicates the time taken for a pulse of the radial artery to be applied to the dorsal side of the wrist.
  • the delay time between the mechanical vibration signal measured by the first sensor 211 and the pulse wave signal measured by the second sensor 212 may be assumed to have characteristics similar to those of a local pulse wave velocity (PWV) of peripheral parts of the body.
  • PWV pulse wave velocity
  • the cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225 may acquire a specific pattern on the basis of the delay time between the first signal and the second signal, where the delay time may be continuously calculated by the delay time calculator 224.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225 may extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the acquired delay time.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic may include a blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, stress index and fatigue, but is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a graph showing a continuously-acquired delay time between the first and second signals
  • the upper part of FIG. 4C illustrates a graphs showing a systolic blood pressure when blood pressure changes are induced at several-minute intervals by breath holding or isometric exercise.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225 may generate a correlation model that represents the correlation between the systolic blood pressure and the delay time between the first signal and the second signal.
  • the correlation model may be generated, for example, in the form of a mathematic algorithm capable of inferring a blood pressure from the average delay time between the first signal and the second signal, but is not limited thereto, and may be stored in the form of a matching table in a storage device.
  • the storage device may include a flash memory, a hard disk, a micro type multimedia card, a card type memory (e.g., SD or XD memory), a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a programmable read only memory (PROM), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, but is not limited thereto.
  • a flash memory e.g., SD or XD memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • PROM programmable read only memory
  • magnetic memory a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, but is not limited thereto.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225 may measure and gather the first signal and the second signal as learning data for a predetermined period of time and then calculate the delay time between the first and second signals using the gathered learning data.
  • the cardiovascular characteristic extractor 225 may measure a systolic blood pressure induced by breath holding or isometric exercise for a predetermined period of time and then generate a blood estimation formula as a correlation model which represents the correlation between the systolic blood pressure and the delay time calculated using the learning data.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • a main body 500 of the apparatus 1 includes a communicator 510, in addition to a sensor unit 210 and a processor 220.
  • the sensor unit 210 includes a first sensor 211 which measures a vibration signal generated by the pulse wave in the radial artery as a first signal and a second sensor 212 which measures a pulse wave signal of capillary blood or venous blood on the upper part of a wrist, wherein arterial blood passing from the radial artery through the main blood vessels in the wrist and hand is applied to the pulse wave signal.
  • the processor 220 processes any of various operations using the first signal and the second signal which are measured by the first sensor 211 and the second sensor 212, respectively.
  • the processor 220 may control the communicator 510 to be connected to an external device 550 and may process any of various operations through collaboration with the connected external device 550.
  • the processor 220 may provide information desired according to a degree of the cardiovascular characteristic extraction-related function, with which the associated external device 500 is equipped, to the external device 500.
  • the information may include, for example, the measured first and second signals, a preprocessed signal, the calculated delay time, PWV, the correlation model, the extracted feature points, and/or the extracted cardiovascular characteristic information.
  • the communicator 510 may access a communication network by utilizing a communication technology under the control of the processor 220, and may be connected with the external device 550 accessing the same communication network and may thereby transmit and receive needed data.
  • the communication technology may include Bluetooth communication, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication, near field communication (NFC), wireless local area network (WLAN) communication, ZigBee communication, infrared data association (IrDA) communication, Wi-Fi direct (WFD) communication, ultrawideband (UWB) communication, Ant+ communication, Wi-Fi communication, radio frequency identification (RFID) communication, 3G communication, 4G communication, 5G communication, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
  • the processor 220 may transmit the extracted cardiovascular characteristic to the external device 550 through the communicator 510 so that the cardiovascular characteristic is provided to the user through an interface module equipped in the external device 550, for example, a speaker, a display, a haptic device, or the like.
  • the external device 550 may be a mobile terminal, such as a smartphone or a tablet personal computer (PC), which has superior computing performance relative to the apparatus 1 for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic, but is not limited thereto, and may include any of various types of information providing devices, such as a desktop PC, a notebook PC, or the like.
  • the communicator 510 may transmit the first signal measured by the first sensor 211 and the second signal measured by the second sensor 212 to the external device 550 under the control of the processor 220 to allow the external device 550 to perform the cardiovascular characteristic extraction.
  • the external device 550 may be a device equipped with the cardiovascular characteristic extraction function, such as a smartphone, a tablet PC, a desktop PC, a notebook PC, a server, or the like.
  • the external device 550 may extract a cardiovascular characteristic and provide the cardiovascular characteristic to the user through the interface module equipped in the external device 550.
  • the processor 220 may provide the information to the user through a display.
  • the external device 550 may use the correlation model and may extract a cardiovascular characteristic, such as a blood pressure of the user, using a correlation model managed by the external device 550 using the received delay time.
  • the collaboration between the apparatus 1 and the external device 550 is not limited to the above examples.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram for describing a first sensor of the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic.
  • the main body 600 of the apparatus 1 for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic includes a first sensor 610, a second sensor 620, a main board 630, a display 640, and a housing 650.
  • the first sensor 610 is mounted in the housing 650.
  • the housing 650 accommodates the first sensor 610 such that the first sensor 610 is relatively closer to the second sensor 620 than to the main board 630 on which the processor is mounted.
  • the first sensor 610 may include a piezo bender 611 which mechanically deforms according to a pressure applied thereto and which generates an electrical signal according to the deformation.
  • the piezo bender 611 may be an array of two or more stacked layers as shown in the drawings.
  • the piezo bender 611 may be electrically connected with a sensor board 623 of the second sensor 620, and the electrical signal generated by the piezo bender 611 may be transmitted to the sensor board 623 as a first signal.
  • exemplary embodiments are not limited to the above description, such that the piezo bender 611 may be electrically connected with the main board 640 and the generated electrical signal may be directly transmitted to the main board.
  • the first sensor 610 may further include a pressurizing block 612 which generates the mechanical deformation of the piezo bender 611.
  • the pressurizing block 612 may have one side in close contact with the sensor board 623 and the other side in close contact with the piezo bender 611.
  • the pressurizing block 610 may pressurize the piezo bender 611 and cause the piezo bender 611 to deform according to the movement of the sensor board 623 when a mechanical vibration generated by the radial artery pulse wave (1) is transferred to the main body 600 through the tension of the straps (2) and in turn the movement occurs in the sensor board 623 (3).
  • the pressurizing block 612 may be formed of a rigid material.
  • the first sensor 610 may further include a rigid support body 613 formed of a rigid material to support both ends of the piezo bender 611 in a state in which a cavity 615 is formed between the rigid support body 613 and the piezo bender 611.
  • the second sensor 620 is mounted in the housing 650 so as to be exposed to a subject, i.e., the dorsal side of a user's hand.
  • the second sensor 620 includes a light source 621 and a detector 622, wherein the light source 621 is mounted on the sensor board 623 so as to be in contact with the subject and to emit light thereto, and the detector 622 is mounted on the sensor board 623 so as to detect light returning from the subject.
  • the second sensor 620 may further include the sensor board 623 having both ends connected with the housing 650.
  • a connection part 625, disposed between the sensor board 623 and the housing 650, may be stretchable.
  • the stretchable connection part 625 of the housing 650 receives the mechanical vibration and generates a movement of the sensor board 623, and as a result, the pressurizing block 612 of the first sensor 610 deforms the piezo bender 611, as described above.
  • the sensor board 623 is electrically connected with the light source 621 and the detector 622, thereby transmitting a control signal of the processor to the light source 621 and receiving a measured second signal from the detector 622.
  • the main board 630 may be supported by a cover 651 and may include a display 640 on one surface thereof to provide a variety of information to the user.
  • the above-described processor 220 may be mounted on the main board 630 and the processor 220 may perform various operations necessary for cardiovascular characteristic extraction on the basis of the first and second signals received through an element 631 electrically connected with the sensor board 623.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the configuration according to the embodiment of FIG. 7 is an exemplary embodiment which modifies the first sensor of FIG. 6A.
  • the configuration of the main body includes a first sensor 710, a second sensor 620, a main board 630, a display 640, and a housing 650. Additional features discussed above with respect to FIG. 6A will be described.
  • the first sensor 710 is mounted in the housing 650 in a position such that the first sensor 710 is closer to the second sensor 620 than it is to the main board 630 on which the processor is mounted.
  • the first sensor 710 includes a piezo bender 611 which mechanically deforms according to pressure and generates an electrical signal according to the deformation.
  • the piezo bender 611 may be an array of two or more stacked layers as shown in the drawings.
  • the piezo bender 611 may be electrically connected with the sensor board 623 of the second sensor 620, and the electrical signal generated in the piezo bender 611 is transmitted to the sensor board 623.
  • the piezo bender 611 may be electrically connected with the main board 640, and the generated electrical signal may be directly transmitted to the main board 640.
  • the first sensor 710 may include a force sensor.
  • the first sensor 710 may include any of various other types of sensors for measuring a contact pressure, such as a strain gauge.
  • the force sensor 711 is formed in close contact with the bottom part of the sensor board 623 and measures a contact pressure signal of the subject transmitted through the main body 700.
  • the force sensor 711 receives a vibration of the pulse wave occurring in the radial artery through the straps and pressurizes and deforms the piezo bender 611.
  • a pressurizing member 710 may be formed on the lower part of the force sensor 711 in order to pressurize the piezo bender 611.
  • the contact pressure signal measured by the force sensor 711 is transmitted to the sensor board 623 as a first signal along with a vibration signal measured by the piezo bender 611, and is transmitted to the main board 630 by the element which connects the sensor board 623 and the main board 630.
  • the first sensor 710 may further include a rigid support body 613 formed of a rigid material to support both ends of the piezo bender 611 in a state in which a cavity 615 is formed between the rigid support body 613 and the piezo bender 611.
  • the processor 220 formed on the main board 630 may perform any of various operations required to extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the first signal and the second signal received through the element 631 electrically connected with the sensor board 623. For example, the processor 220 may calculate a delay time on the basis of the vibration signal as the first signal and the pulse wave signal as the second signal and may extract the cardiovascular characteristic using the calculated delay time. Further, the processor 220 may monitor blood perfusion, compliance of capillaries, and the like using a direct current (DC) component of the first signal, which reflects the pressure exerted on the skin by the sensor, as the contact pressure signal.
  • DC direct current
  • the second sensor 620 is mounted in the housing 650 so as to be exposed to the dorsal side of the user's hand and includes a light source 621 and a detector 622 which are mounted on the sensor board 623.
  • the second sensor 620 may further include the sensor board 623 having both ends connected with the housing 650 and may be formed to be stretchable so as to efficiently transfer the mechanical vibration generated by the pulse wave of the radial artery to the force sensor 711.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a configuration of a main body of an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the configurations of the main body according to the embodiments of FIGS. 8A and 8B are exemplary embodiments which modify the first sensor of FIG. 7.
  • the first sensor 810 may be realized by omitting the piezo bender 611 from the first sensor 710 of FIG. 7A.
  • the first sensor 810 may include a force sensor 811 with an appropriate sensitivity and a rigid support body 813 which supports the pressurization of a pressurizing member of the force sensor 811 in a state in which a cavity 615 is formed between the force sensor 811 and the rigid support body 813.
  • the force sensor 811 is merely exemplary, and the sensor for measuring a contact pressure is not limited thereto.
  • the force sensor 811 may include and of various other types of sensors capable of measuring a contact pressure, such as a strain gauge.
  • the force sensor 811 formed on the bottom part of the sensor board 623 may transmit a contact pressure signal as a first signal to the sensor board 623, wherein the contact pressure signal is generated as the pressurizing member 812 pressurizes the rigid support body 813.
  • the processor 220 may separate the received first signal into an AC component signal and a DC component signal.
  • the processor 220 may calculate a delay time between the two signals using the separated AC component signal and a pulse wave signal, which is a second signal measured by the second sensor 620, and may extract a cardiovascular characteristic on the basis of the calculated delay time.
  • the processor 220 may collect information on a contact state of the force sensor, which includes a contact pressure exerted on the subject by the force sensor 811, by using the separated DC component signal. The processor may then determine whether to extract the cardiovascular characteristic or re-measure the extracted signals using the measured signals on the basis of the collected information, and may determine whether to calibrate the extracted cardiovascular characteristic or an estimation model necessary for the cardiovascular characteristic.
  • the main body 800 may be not be positioned at the exact examination point due to the thickness of the wrist on which the main body 800 is worn or the change of the wearing position due to the wearing position, the movement, or the like.
  • the processor 220 may compare the contact pressure exerted on the subject by the force sensor 811 with a preset threshold.
  • the processor 220 may perform cardiovascular characteristic extraction using the signals measured by the first sensor 810 and the second sensor 620 if the contact pressure is greater than or equal to the threshold, and otherwise, may determine that the measured signals are not accurate and control the first sensor 810 and the second sensor 620 to re-measure signals.
  • the processor 220 calculates the contact pressure on the basis of the DC component and calibrates the estimated cardiovascular characteristic value or the estimation model for representing the relationship between the delay time and the cardiovascular characteristic by applying the amount of change of blood perfusion or compliance of capillaries according to the calculated contact pressure to the estimated cardiovascular characteristic value or the estimation model.
  • the estimation model may be a mathematical formula which determines the cardiovascular characteristic based on the delay time or a mapping table in which the delay time and the cardiovascular characteristic value are mapped to each other, but is not limited thereto.
  • the rigid support body 813 may be omitted from the first sensor 810 of FIG. 8A.
  • the lower support part of a housing 650 which supports the first sensor 810 may be formed of a rigid material, and a force sensor 811 of the first sensor 810 may pressurize the lower support part of the housing 650 and measure a contact pressure signal. It is thus possible to reduce the volume of the main body configuration.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing an apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the apparatus for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic includes a modification of the first sensor of FIG. 6A. It is assumed that the basic configuration of the main body 900, excluding the first sensor, is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 6A.
  • the first sensor in the main body 900 includes a microphone 910.
  • the microphone 910 may measure a sound wave signal (3) generated by the mechanical vibration which is transferred to the main body 900 through straps 680 (2) when a pulse wave is generated in the radial artery (1).
  • the sound signal measured by the microphone 910 may be transmitted to a processor as a first signal.
  • the microphone 910 may include an electret microphone, a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) microphone, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
  • MEMS micro electro mechanical system
  • the first sensor may further include a diaphragm in the front end thereof in order to convert the mechanical vibration signal transferred through the tension of the straps into the sound wave signal and transmit the sound wave signal to the microphone 910.
  • the processor 220 may calculate a delay time between the sound wave signal measured and transmitted by the microphone 910 and a pulse wave signal measured by the second sensor, and may extract a cardiovascular characteristic using the delay time.
  • FIGS. 6A to 9 Various modified embodiments of the configuration of the main body of the apparatus 1 for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic have been described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 9. However, these are merely exemplary and thus the aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described embodiments and various modifications may be made, as would be understood by one of skill in the art.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a detailed flowchart showing procedures of performing a cardiovascular characteristic-related operation of the method of extracting a cardiovascular characteristic according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the apparatus 1 for extracting a cardiovascular characteristic measures a first signal generated by a pulse wave of a subject by using a first sensor, as depicted in 1010.
  • a first sensor may include a piezoelectric sensor, such as a piezo bender, which deforms according to the mechanical vibration and generates an electrical signal.
  • the apparatus 1 measures a second signal generated by a pulse wave of the subject by using a second sensor, as depicted in 1020.
  • the second sensor may be formed on the main body so as to be in close contact with an area of the dorsal side of the wrist, and may measure a pulse wave signal generated from capillary blood or venous blood of the wrist by emitting light to the upper part of the wrist and detecting light returning therefrom.
  • the apparatus 1 performs various operations related to cardiovascular characteristic extraction using the first and second signals, as depicted in 1030.
  • the first signal and the second signal are received from the first sensor and the second sensor, respectively, as depicted in 1031.
  • preprocessing such as detrending, signal smoothing, and high frequency noise removal using a low pass filter, and an analog-to-digital conversion may be performed on the first signal and the second signal, as desired.
  • Feature points are extracted from each of the received signals or each of the preprocessed signals, as depicted in 1032.
  • the feature points may be notable points on the two signals used for calculating a delay time between the two signals, and may include, for example, peak points, valley points, and maximum and minimum slope points of the first and second signals, but are not limited thereto.
  • the delay time between the first signal and the second signal is calculated using the feature points, as depicted in 1033.
  • the delay time is the time taken for a pulsation of the radial artery to be applied to the dorsal side of the wrist, and may be a factor that reflects a local PWV of peripheral parts of the body.
  • the user's cardiovascular characteristic is extracted using the calculated delay time, as depicted in 1034. It is possible to extract the cardiovascular characteristic which corresponds to the calculated delay time using a correlation model generated in advance.
  • the correlation model may be generated in advance in the form of a mathematical formula or a matching table which represents a correlation between the delay time and a cardiovascular characteristic, such as a blood pressure.
  • the extracted cardiovascular characteristic is provided to the user through a display, as depicted in 1035.
  • the extracted cardiovascular characteristic may be provided to the user in any of a variety of predefined visual and/or non-visual methods.
  • blood pressure information may be provided in a color corresponding to a range of an extracted blood pressure according to a user or a commonly applicable standard.
  • appropriate guidance or warning information may be displayed according to a value of the extracted cardiovascular characteristic.
  • the current exemplary embodiments can be implemented as computer readable codes in a computer readable record medium. Codes and code segments constituting the computer program can be easily inferred by a skilled computer programmer in the art.
  • the computer readable record medium includes all types of non-volatile record media in which computer readable data are stored. Examples of the computer readable record medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage.
  • the computer readable record medium may be distributed to computer systems over a network, in which computer readable codes may be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'extraction d'une caractéristique cardiovasculaire. Ledit appareil peut comprendre : un premier capteur conçu pour mesurer un signal de vibration généré par une onde d'impulsion d'un sujet ; un second capteur conçu pour mesurer un signal d'onde d'impulsion du sujet ; un processeur conçu pour effectuer une opération liée à une caractéristique cardiovasculaire sur la base du signal de vibration mesuré et du signal d'onde d'impulsion mesuré ; et un corps principal dans lequel sont montés le premier capteur, le second capteur et le processeur.
EP17792912.2A 2016-05-03 2017-05-02 Appareil et procédé d'extraction de caractéristique cardiovasculaire Withdrawn EP3288447A4 (fr)

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US201662331062P 2016-05-03 2016-05-03
KR1020160149004A KR20170124943A (ko) 2016-05-03 2016-11-09 심혈관 특성 추출 장치 및 방법
PCT/KR2017/004695 WO2017192010A1 (fr) 2016-05-03 2017-05-02 Appareil et procédé d'extraction de caractéristique cardiovasculaire

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EP3801228A4 (fr) * 2018-05-25 2021-07-14 Accurate Meditech Inc Dispositif de mesure de pression sanguine
US11969236B2 (en) 2018-05-25 2024-04-30 Accurate Meditech Inc Device for measuring blood pressure

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JP2019516416A (ja) 2019-06-20
KR20170124943A (ko) 2017-11-13
EP3288447A4 (fr) 2018-10-31

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