EP3276431B1 - Mechanical oscillator for clock movement - Google Patents

Mechanical oscillator for clock movement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3276431B1
EP3276431B1 EP16181403.3A EP16181403A EP3276431B1 EP 3276431 B1 EP3276431 B1 EP 3276431B1 EP 16181403 A EP16181403 A EP 16181403A EP 3276431 B1 EP3276431 B1 EP 3276431B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
springs
balance
oscillator
plane
anchoring member
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EP16181403.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3276431A1 (en
Inventor
Vignikin MENSAH (Serge)
Carole Kasapi
Gérard Lallement
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Cartier International AG
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Cartier International AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G04B31/06—Manufacture or mounting processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical oscillator able to equip a mechanical clockwork movement comprising a balance connected by at least one spring to an anchoring member. More particularly the invention relates to a mechanical oscillator comprising a pendulum without pivots so as to avoid all the causes of metrological imprecision due to the friction of the pivots of the usual pendulums.
  • a number of mechanical watch oscillators of this type are known from the documents CH 703464 , CH 701421 or EP 1736838 . These embodiments are complex and always include one or more anchoring members fixed relative to the movement and off-center relative to the balance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical oscillator without pivots of simple construction. Another object of the invention is to produce such a mechanical oscillator, the anchoring member of which is located coaxially with the pendulum. Another object of the invention is to improve the rotation of the balance wheel around its axis while limiting all its parasitic movements such as its roll, its pumping and its translations.
  • the present invention relates to a mechanical oscillator according to claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to a mechanical watch movement including such a mechanical oscillator.
  • the subject of the present invention is a mechanical clockwork movement comprising a driving member, for example a barrel, a gear train connecting the driving member to an escapement wheel, an escapement mechanism and a mechanical oscillator.
  • a driving member for example a barrel
  • a gear train connecting the driving member to an escapement wheel
  • an escapement mechanism for example a gear train
  • a mechanical oscillator comprising a pendulum without pivots connected to an anchoring member only by springs.
  • An advantage of such a movement comprising a pendulum without pivots compared to a traditional mechanical movement is that all the friction due to the pivots of a traditional pendulum is avoided, which degrades the chronometric precision of the pendulum.
  • the difficulty encountered in such a movement is to suppress or limit as much as possible the parasitic movements of the pendulum, for example under the effect of shock.
  • These parasitic movements are any translation of the pendulum, any axial movement of the pendulum or any roll movement of the pendulum. It is necessary by the design of the mechanical oscillator and more particularly of its springs, that all these parasitic movements of the balance are negligible compared to the rotational movement of the balance around its axis of symmetry, perpendicular to its plane.
  • the mechanical oscillator comprises a balance 2 located in a first plane and three leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c arranged in the rest position not elastically deformed, in three planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance 2 forming angles 120 ° between them and intersecting on the axis of symmetry xx of the balance 2.
  • Each of these three leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c has, in the rest state, not elastically deformed, the shape of a flat coil whose first internal end is integral with an anchoring member 3 and whose second end, external, is secured to the pendulum 2.
  • the anchoring member 3 is central, arranged in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane along the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2.
  • the anchoring member 3 is secured d 'a non-oscillating element of the mechanical movement such as the plate, a bridge, a rotary mobile or the escape wheel of this mechanical movement.
  • the pendulum 2 is annular and its axis of symmetry x-x, coincident with its axis of oscillation is perpendicular to its plane and is coincident with the axis of the anchoring member 3.
  • Each spring 1a, 1b, 1c comprises several but at least two parallel rectilinear portions located in a plane in the non-elastically deformed state of the spring, and connected together by a connecting portion so as to form a plane coil.
  • each coil-shaped spring has 4 to 8 parallel rectilinear portions to allow an angular oscillation of the balance from 50 ° to 500 °, preferably from 180 ° to 300 ° by elastic deformation of the coil-shaped leaf springs.
  • the leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c of the mechanical oscillator are arranged in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance wheel crossing on the axis of symmetry xx of the balance wheel distributed uniformly around this axis of symmetry xx.
  • the number of springs 1 is at least two but can be 3, 4 or 5 depending on the design.
  • the thickness of the springs 1 is preferably less than the height h of each straight part of the leaf spring.
  • the leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c can be identical or different from each other provided that they have the shape of a flat coil in the rest state.
  • the pendulum 2 and the spring blades 1a, 1b, 1c can be produced in a single production part by molding, laser machining, engraving, 3D printing or other technique but they can also be produced separately and then assembled by gluing, screwing, driving, anodic collage for example.
  • the anchor member 3 is fixed to the frame of the movement, either on the plate or a bridge, or this anchor member 3 can be formed by a portion of the axis of the escape wheel.
  • This first embodiment of the mechanical oscillator therefore comprises a balance 2, a central anchoring member 3 and several, at least two, springs 1 in the form of flat coils in the rest state connecting the balance 2 to the anchoring member 3 arranged in the rest state in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance wheel crossing on the axis xx of the balance wheel and distributed around said axis xx of pendulum 2 preferably uniformly.
  • the group of springs 1 is located on one side of the balance plane.
  • this comprises, as described above, a balance 2, a central anchoring member 3 and a first group of springs 1 in the form of a serpentine located on one side of the balance 2 but it also comprises a second group of springs in the form of coil 4a, 4b, 4c arranged on the other side of the plane of the pendulum 2.
  • the coil-shaped springs 4 of the second group of springs are also formed by serpentine bands connecting the anchoring member 3 to the balance 2 and are arranged in the non-elastically deformed state in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance 2 and passing through the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2, these planes being offset with respect to the planes containing the springs 1 of the first group of springs, so that the planes containing the springs 1 of the first group and those containing the springs 4 of the second group are preferably uniformly distributed around the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2.
  • the two groups of springs 1, 4 have the same number of springs but it could in variants have two groups of springs 1, 4 comprising different numbers of springs for example two springs in the first group and four springs in the second group.
  • the springs of a group of springs can all be the same, but they can also take different forms, in particular having the same number of straight portions or a different number of straight portions.
  • the second embodiment of the mechanical oscillator can also be a single piece machined from a single piece, or produced by assembling several pieces.
  • the pendulum 2 comprises a twill 2.1 and arms 2.2 connecting this twill 2 to a hub 2.3. This pendulum 2 is located in the foreground.
  • the anchoring member 3 of the oscillator is fixed to a non-oscillating member of a clockwork movement such as the plate, a bridge, a rotary mobile or the escapement wheel of this mechanical movement.
  • This anchoring member is positioned so as to be located on the axis of rotation of the pendulum.
  • six springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f connect the hub 2.3 of the pendulum 2 to the anchoring member 3.
  • Each of these springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f has a main part, located between a first end and a second end of the spring, having a sinuous shape, that is to say formed of a series of irregular curves and in different directions.
  • the first end of each spring 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f is fixed on the anchoring member 3 while the second end of each of these springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f is fixed on the hub 2.3 of the balance wheel 2.
  • each spring 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1d, 1e and 1f is formed by a wire or bar of circular section but variants may have springs of different cross section in the shape of a cross, polygonal, oval Or other.
  • the set of six springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f forms an elastic member which is substantially symmetrical and balanced around the axis of rotation of the balance 2.
  • the springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, and 1f forming this elastic member are sinuous in shape and arranged outside the foreground in which the pendulum is located but also outside any planes parallel to this foreground.
  • serpentine shape of the springs 1 and 4 of the first two embodiments described must also be considered to be of sinuous shape although having more abrupt curvatures and rectilinear parts. In the spirit of this description of the streamers are assimilated to sinuous forms.
  • the figures 1, 2 and 3 are illustrations showing the mechanical oscillator in the rest position, the springs 1 not being elastically deformed.
  • the fourth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator illustrated in figure 4 in the rest position, its springs being in the non-elastically deformed position, comprises a pendulum 2 comprising a clamp 2.1 located in a foreground.
  • This balance also includes a decoration formed of transverse elements 2.2 or arms connecting different points of the serge 2.1 to each other, these arms also being located in the foreground containing the balance 2.
  • the anchoring member 3 is formed in this embodiment by a washer or ferrule centered on the axis of rotation of the balance 2 located in a second plane parallel to the first plane or plane of the balance 2.
  • This embodiment of the mechanical oscillator comprises three sinuous springs 1a, 1b, 1c in the form of a serpentine. Each of these sinuous springs 1a, 1b, 1c has a first end fixed to the anchoring member 3 and a second end fixed to the clamp 2.1 of the pendulum 2.
  • the springs 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged in planes perpendicular to the first plane overlapping on the pivot axis of the pendulum 2, these springs are therefore arranged outside the first and second planes or of any planes parallel to these first and second planes.
  • the fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator illustrated in the rest position at the figure 5 is similar to the fourth embodiment.
  • each spring in the non-elastically deformed position is located in a plane while in the fifth embodiment the springs 1 in the non-elastically deformed position are located in a curved surface whose generatrices are perpendicular to the first and second planes and therefore parallel to the axis of rotation of the pendulum.
  • the figure 6 illustrates this fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator when the balance is moved angularly out of its rest position and visualizes the shape that the springs 1a, 1b, 1c can take when they are elastically deformed.
  • the point of attachment of the first end of the springs 1 to the anchoring member 3 is located outside the foreground containing the pendulum.
  • the assembly formed by the springs 1 is preferably symmetrical and balanced with respect to the axis of rotation of the balance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un oscillateur mécanique apte à équiper un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique comprenant un balancier relié par au moins un ressort à un organe d'ancrage. Plus particulièrement l'invention concerne un oscillateur mécanique comportant un balancier sans pivots de manière à éviter toutes les causes d'imprécision métrologique dues aux frottements des pivots des balanciers habituels.The present invention relates to a mechanical oscillator able to equip a mechanical clockwork movement comprising a balance connected by at least one spring to an anchoring member. More particularly the invention relates to a mechanical oscillator comprising a pendulum without pivots so as to avoid all the causes of metrological imprecision due to the friction of the pivots of the usual pendulums.

Un certain nombre d'oscillateurs mécaniques horlogers de ce type sont connus de par les documents CH 703464 , CH 701421 ou EP 1736838 . Ces réalisations sont complexes et comportent toujours un ou plusieurs organes d'ancrage fixes par rapport au mouvement et décentrés par rapport au balancier.A number of mechanical watch oscillators of this type are known from the documents CH 703464 , CH 701421 or EP 1736838 . These embodiments are complex and always include one or more anchoring members fixed relative to the movement and off-center relative to the balance.

On connaît également du document CH 120553 un balancier dont la serge est reliée à un moyeu par des bras coudés flexibles situés dans le plan de ladite serge. Le moyeu comporte des pivots, cause d'imprécisions métrologiques.We also know of the document CH 120553 a pendulum whose serge is connected to a hub by flexible bent arms located in the plane of said serge. The hub has pivots, because of metrological inaccuracies.

D'autres documents, EP 2975469 , US 3318087 , US 3277394 et FR 1502775 , décrivent des oscillateurs mécaniques selon le préambule de la revendication 1.Other documents, EP 2975469 , US 3318087 , US 3,277,394 and FR 1502775 describe mechanical oscillators according to the preamble of claim 1.

Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser un oscillateur mécanique sans pivots de construction simple. Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un tel oscillateur mécanique dont l'organe d'ancrage soit situé coaxialement au balancier. Un autre but de l'invention est d'améliorer la rotation du balancier autour de son axe tout en limitant tous ses déplacements parasites tels que son roulis, son pompage et ses translations.The object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical oscillator without pivots of simple construction. Another object of the invention is to produce such a mechanical oscillator, the anchoring member of which is located coaxially with the pendulum. Another object of the invention is to improve the rotation of the balance wheel around its axis while limiting all its parasitic movements such as its roll, its pumping and its translations.

La présente invention a pour objet un oscillateur mécanique selon la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a mechanical oscillator according to claim 1.

La présente invention a également pour objet un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique comportant un tel oscillateur mécanique.The present invention also relates to a mechanical watch movement including such a mechanical oscillator.

Le dessin annexé illustre schématiquement et à titre d'exemple plusieurs formes d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique pour mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une première forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'une seconde forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique.
  • La figure 3 illustre une troisième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique, cette troisième forme d'exécution ne faisant pas partie de l'invention revendiquée mais étant utile à sa compréhension.
  • La figure 4 illustre une quatrième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique.
  • La figure 5 illustre une cinquième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique.
  • La figure 6 illustre la cinquième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique, les ressorts de celui-ci étant déformés élastiquement.
The attached drawing illustrates schematically and by way of example several embodiments of the mechanical oscillator for a clockwork movement according to the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the mechanical oscillator.
  • The figure 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the mechanical oscillator.
  • The figure 3 illustrates a third embodiment of the mechanical oscillator, this third embodiment not forming part of the claimed invention but being useful for its understanding.
  • The figure 4 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator.
  • The figure 5 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator.
  • The figure 6 illustrates the fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator, the springs thereof being elastically deformed.

La présente invention a pour objet un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique comprenant un organe moteur, par exemple un barillet, un rouage de finissage reliant l'organe moteur à une roue d'échappement, un mécanisme d'échappement et un oscillateur mécanique. Une particularité de ce mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique est l'utilisation d'un oscillateur mécanique comprenant un balancier sans pivots relié à un organe d'ancrage uniquement par des ressorts.The subject of the present invention is a mechanical clockwork movement comprising a driving member, for example a barrel, a gear train connecting the driving member to an escapement wheel, an escapement mechanism and a mechanical oscillator. A particularity of this mechanical clockwork movement is the use of a mechanical oscillator comprising a pendulum without pivots connected to an anchoring member only by springs.

Un avantage d'un tel mouvement comportant un balancier sans pivots par rapport à un mouvement mécanique traditionnel est que l'on évite tous les frottements dus aux pivots d'un balancier traditionnel qui péjorent la précision chronométrique du balancier.An advantage of such a movement comprising a pendulum without pivots compared to a traditional mechanical movement is that all the friction due to the pivots of a traditional pendulum is avoided, which degrades the chronometric precision of the pendulum.

Par contre la difficulté rencontrée dans un tel mouvement est de supprimer ou de limiter tant que possible les déplacements parasites du balancier, par exemple sous l'effet de choc. Ces mouvements parasites sont toute translation du balancier, tout déplacement axial du balancier ou tout mouvement de roulis du balancier. Il faut de par la conception de l'oscillateur mécanique et plus particulièrement de ses ressorts, que tous ces mouvements parasites du balancier soient négligeables par rapport au mouvement de rotation du balancier autour de son axe de symétrie, perpendiculaire à son plan.On the other hand, the difficulty encountered in such a movement is to suppress or limit as much as possible the parasitic movements of the pendulum, for example under the effect of shock. These parasitic movements are any translation of the pendulum, any axial movement of the pendulum or any roll movement of the pendulum. It is necessary by the design of the mechanical oscillator and more particularly of its springs, that all these parasitic movements of the balance are negligible compared to the rotational movement of the balance around its axis of symmetry, perpendicular to its plane.

Dans sa première forme d'exécution l'oscillateur mécanique comporte un balancier 2 situé dans un premier plan et trois lames ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c disposées en position de repos non déformées élastiquement, dans trois plans perpendiculaires au plan du balancier 2 formant des angles de 120° entre eux et se coupant sur l'axe de symétrie x-x du balancier 2.In its first embodiment the mechanical oscillator comprises a balance 2 located in a first plane and three leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c arranged in the rest position not elastically deformed, in three planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance 2 forming angles 120 ° between them and intersecting on the axis of symmetry xx of the balance 2.

Chacune de ces trois lames ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c présente à l'état de repos, non déformée élastiquement la forme d'un serpentin plan dont la première extrémité, interne, est solidaire d'un organe d'ancrage 3 et dont la seconde extrémité, externe, est solidaire du balancier 2. L'organe d'ancrage 3 est central, disposé dans un second plan perpendiculaire au premier plan suivant l'axe de symétrie x-x du balancier 2. L'organe d'ancrage 3 est solidaire d'un élément non oscillant du mouvement mécanique tel que la platine, un pont, un mobile rotatif ou la roue d'échappement de ce mouvement mécanique.Each of these three leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c has, in the rest state, not elastically deformed, the shape of a flat coil whose first internal end is integral with an anchoring member 3 and whose second end, external, is secured to the pendulum 2. The anchoring member 3 is central, arranged in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane along the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2. The anchoring member 3 is secured d 'a non-oscillating element of the mechanical movement such as the plate, a bridge, a rotary mobile or the escape wheel of this mechanical movement.

Le balancier 2 est annulaire et son axe de symétrie x-x, confondu avec son axe d'oscillation est perpendiculaire à son plan et est confondu avec l'axe de l'organe d'ancrage 3.The pendulum 2 is annular and its axis of symmetry x-x, coincident with its axis of oscillation is perpendicular to its plane and is coincident with the axis of the anchoring member 3.

Chaque ressort 1a, 1b, 1c comporte plusieurs mais au moins deux portions rectilignes parallèles situées dans un plan à l'état de repos non déformé élastiquement du ressort, et reliées entre elles par une portion de liaison de manière à former un serpentin plan. De préférence chaque ressort en forme de serpentin comporte 4 à 8 portions rectilignes parallèles pour permettre une oscillation angulaire du balancier de 50° à 500°, de préférence de 180° à 300° par déformation élastique des lames ressorts en forme de serpentin.Each spring 1a, 1b, 1c comprises several but at least two parallel rectilinear portions located in a plane in the non-elastically deformed state of the spring, and connected together by a connecting portion so as to form a plane coil. Preferably, each coil-shaped spring has 4 to 8 parallel rectilinear portions to allow an angular oscillation of the balance from 50 ° to 500 °, preferably from 180 ° to 300 ° by elastic deformation of the coil-shaped leaf springs.

A l'état de repos, non déformées, les lames ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c de l'oscillateur mécanique sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires au plan du balancier se croisant sur l'axe de symétrie x-x du balancier répartis uniformément autour de cet axe de symétrie x-x.In the resting state, not deformed, the leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c of the mechanical oscillator are arranged in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance wheel crossing on the axis of symmetry xx of the balance wheel distributed uniformly around this axis of symmetry xx.

Le nombre de ressorts 1 est au moins de deux mais peut être de 3, 4 ou 5 suivant les exécutions. L'épaisseur des ressorts 1 est de préférence inférieure à la hauteur h de chaque partie rectiligne de la lame ressort.The number of springs 1 is at least two but can be 3, 4 or 5 depending on the design. The thickness of the springs 1 is preferably less than the height h of each straight part of the leaf spring.

Ainsi de par leur forme spécifique en lames minces en forme de serpentin ces ressorts 1 s'opposent à tout déplacement du balancier 2 en translation perpendiculairement ou parallèlement à son axe de symétrie x-x de même qu'à tout déplacement du balancier hors de son plan. Le balancier ne peut ainsi qu'osciller autour de son axe de symétrie x-x ce qui permet d'atteindre le but recherché, c'est-à-dire d'éviter toute perturbation des oscillations du balancier.Thus by their specific shape in thin serpentine-shaped blades these springs 1 oppose any movement of the balance 2 in translation perpendicular or parallel to its axis of symmetry x-x as well as any movement of the balance out of its plane. The pendulum can thus only oscillate around its axis of symmetry x-x which makes it possible to achieve the desired goal, that is to say to avoid any disturbance of the oscillations of the pendulum.

Les lames ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c peuvent être identiques ou différentes les unes des autres pour autant qu'elles présentent la forme d'un serpentin plan à l'état de repos.The leaf springs 1a, 1b, 1c can be identical or different from each other provided that they have the shape of a flat coil in the rest state.

Le balancier 2 et les lames ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c peuvent être réalisées en une seule pièce de fabrication par moulage, usinage laser, gravure, impression 3D ou autre technique mais ils peuvent également être fabriqués séparément puis assemblés par collage, vissage, chassage, collage anodique par exemple.The pendulum 2 and the spring blades 1a, 1b, 1c can be produced in a single production part by molding, laser machining, engraving, 3D printing or other technique but they can also be produced separately and then assembled by gluing, screwing, driving, anodic collage for example.

Suivant le type d'échappement utilisé dans le mouvement mécanique l'organe d'ancrage 3 est fixé sur le bâti du mouvement, soit sur la platine ou un pont, ou cet organe d'ancrage 3 peut être formé par une portion de l'axe de la roue d'échappement.Depending on the type of exhaust used in the mechanical movement, the anchor member 3 is fixed to the frame of the movement, either on the plate or a bridge, or this anchor member 3 can be formed by a portion of the axis of the escape wheel.

Cette première forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique comporte donc un balancier 2, un organe d'ancrage central 3 et plusieurs, au moins deux, ressorts 1 en forme de serpentins plans à l'état de repos reliant le balancier 2 à l'organe d'ancrage 3 disposés à l'état de repos dans des plans perpendiculaires au plan du balancier se croisant sur l'axe x-x du balancier et répartis autour dudit axe x-x du balancier 2 de préférence de façon uniforme. Dans cette première forme d'exécution le groupe de ressorts 1 est situé d'un côté du plan du balancier.This first embodiment of the mechanical oscillator therefore comprises a balance 2, a central anchoring member 3 and several, at least two, springs 1 in the form of flat coils in the rest state connecting the balance 2 to the anchoring member 3 arranged in the rest state in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance wheel crossing on the axis xx of the balance wheel and distributed around said axis xx of pendulum 2 preferably uniformly. In this first embodiment, the group of springs 1 is located on one side of the balance plane.

Dans la seconde forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique illustrée à la figure 2, celui-ci comporte comme décrit précédemment un balancier 2, un organe d'ancrage central 3 et un premier groupe de ressorts 1 en forme de serpentin situés d'un côté du balancier 2 mais il comporte encore un second groupe de ressorts en forme de serpentin 4a, 4b, 4c disposés de l'autre côté du plan du balancier 2.In the second embodiment of the mechanical oscillator illustrated in figure 2 , this comprises, as described above, a balance 2, a central anchoring member 3 and a first group of springs 1 in the form of a serpentine located on one side of the balance 2 but it also comprises a second group of springs in the form of coil 4a, 4b, 4c arranged on the other side of the plane of the pendulum 2.

Les ressorts 4 en forme de serpentin du deuxième groupe de ressorts sont également formés par des bandes serpentines reliant l'organe d'ancrage 3 au balancier 2 et sont disposés à l'état de repos non déformés élastiquement dans des plans perpendiculaires au plan du balancier 2 et passant par l'axe de symétrie x-x du balancier 2, ces plans étant décalés par rapport aux plans contenant les ressorts 1 du premier groupe de ressorts, de sorte que les plans contenant les ressorts 1 du premier groupe et ceux contenant les ressorts 4 du second groupe soient de préférence uniformément répartis autour de l'axe de symétrie x-x du balancier 2.The coil-shaped springs 4 of the second group of springs are also formed by serpentine bands connecting the anchoring member 3 to the balance 2 and are arranged in the non-elastically deformed state in planes perpendicular to the plane of the balance 2 and passing through the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2, these planes being offset with respect to the planes containing the springs 1 of the first group of springs, so that the planes containing the springs 1 of the first group and those containing the springs 4 of the second group are preferably uniformly distributed around the axis of symmetry xx of the pendulum 2.

De préférence, mais non obligatoirement, les deux groupes de ressorts 1, 4 comportent le même nombre de ressorts mais on pourrait dans des variantes avoir deux groupes de ressorts 1, 4 comprenant des nombres de ressorts différents par exemple deux ressorts dans le premier groupe et quatre ressorts dans le second groupe.Preferably, but not necessarily, the two groups of springs 1, 4 have the same number of springs but it could in variants have two groups of springs 1, 4 comprising different numbers of springs for example two springs in the first group and four springs in the second group.

De même les ressorts d'un groupe de ressorts peuvent être tous les mêmes mais ils peuvent également prendre des formes différentes notamment comporter le même nombre de portions rectilignes ou un nombre de portions rectilignes différent.Similarly, the springs of a group of springs can all be the same, but they can also take different forms, in particular having the same number of straight portions or a different number of straight portions.

Il est par contre nécessaire que l'ensemble de l'oscillateur, ressorts 1, 4, balancier 2 et organe d'ancrage 3, soit équilibré autour de son axe de symétrie x-x.It is however necessary that the assembly of the oscillator, springs 1, 4, pendulum 2 and anchoring member 3, is balanced around its axis of symmetry xx.

La seconde forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique peut également être monobloc usiné à partir d'une seule pièce, ou réalisé par l'assemblage de plusieurs pièces.The second embodiment of the mechanical oscillator can also be a single piece machined from a single piece, or produced by assembling several pieces.

D'une façon générale on voit que du fait de la réalisation de l'oscillateur mécanique à l'aide de ressorts en forme de lames serpentines on garantit au balancier un mouvement de rotation, oscillation, autour de son axe de symétrie x-x tout en minimisant tous ses déplacements parasites de translation, pompage, roulis, de sorte que l'oscillateur n'est pas perturbé par des chocs qu'il peut subir bien qu'il ne comporte pas de pivots pour sa rotation.In general, we see that due to the realization of the mechanical oscillator using serpentine leaf springs, the balance is guaranteed to rotate, oscillate, around its axis of symmetry xx while minimizing all its parasitic movements of translation, pumping, rolling, so that the oscillator is not disturbed by shocks that it can undergo although it does not have pivots for its rotation.

Dans la troisième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique sans pivot illustrée à la figure 3, le balancier 2 comporte une serge 2.1 et des bras 2.2 reliant cette serge 2 à un moyeu 2.3. Ce balancier 2 est situé dans un premier plan.In the third embodiment of the mechanical oscillator without pivot illustrated in the figure 3 , the pendulum 2 comprises a twill 2.1 and arms 2.2 connecting this twill 2 to a hub 2.3. This pendulum 2 is located in the foreground.

L'organe d'ancrage 3 de l'oscillateur est fixé à un organe non oscillant d'un mouvement d'horlogerie tel que la platine, un pont, un mobile rotatif ou la roue d'échappement de ce mouvement mécanique. Cet organe d'ancrage est positionné de manière à être situé sur l'axe de rotation du balancier.The anchoring member 3 of the oscillator is fixed to a non-oscillating member of a clockwork movement such as the plate, a bridge, a rotary mobile or the escapement wheel of this mechanical movement. This anchoring member is positioned so as to be located on the axis of rotation of the pendulum.

Dans cette forme d'exécution, six ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e et 1f relient le moyeu 2.3 du balancier 2 à l'organe d'ancrage 3.In this embodiment, six springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f connect the hub 2.3 of the pendulum 2 to the anchoring member 3.

Chacun de ces ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e et 1f présente une partie principale, située entre une première extrémité et une seconde extrémité du ressort, présentant une forme sinueuse, c'est-à-dire formée d'une suite de courbes irrégulières et dans des sens différents. La première extrémité de chaque ressort 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e et 1f est fixée sur l'organe d'ancrage 3 tandis que la seconde extrémité de chacun de ces ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e et 1f est fixée sur le moyeu 2.3 du balancier 2.Each of these springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f has a main part, located between a first end and a second end of the spring, having a sinuous shape, that is to say formed of a series of irregular curves and in different directions. The first end of each spring 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f is fixed on the anchoring member 3 while the second end of each of these springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f is fixed on the hub 2.3 of the balance wheel 2.

Dans l'exemple illustré, chaque ressort 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1d, 1e et 1f est formé par un fil ou barreau de section circulaire mais des variantes peuvent présenter des ressorts de section différente en forme de croix, polygonale, ovale ou autre.In the example illustrated, each spring 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1d, 1e and 1f is formed by a wire or bar of circular section but variants may have springs of different cross section in the shape of a cross, polygonal, oval Or other.

L'ensemble de six ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e et 1f forme un organe élastique sensiblement symétrique et équilibré autour de l'axe de rotation du balancier 2. Les ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, et 1f formant cet organe élastique sont de forme sinueuse et disposés hors du premier plan dans lequel se trouve le balancier mais également hors de tous plans parallèles à ce premier plan.The set of six springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f forms an elastic member which is substantially symmetrical and balanced around the axis of rotation of the balance 2. The springs 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, and 1f forming this elastic member are sinuous in shape and arranged outside the foreground in which the pendulum is located but also outside any planes parallel to this foreground.

On remarque que la forme en serpentin des ressorts 1 et 4 des deux premières formes d'exécution décrites doivent être également considérées comme étant de forme sinueuse bien que présentant des courbures plus abruptes et des parties rectilignes. Dans l'esprit de cette description des serpentins sont assimilés à des formes sinueuses.It is noted that the serpentine shape of the springs 1 and 4 of the first two embodiments described must also be considered to be of sinuous shape although having more abrupt curvatures and rectilinear parts. In the spirit of this description of the streamers are assimilated to sinuous forms.

Il faut en outre remarquer que dans les trois formes d'exécution décrites jusqu'ici, les figures 1, 2 et 3 sont des illustrations montrant l'oscillateur mécanique en position de repos, les ressorts 1 n'étant pas déformés élastiquement.It should also be noted that in the three embodiments described so far, the figures 1, 2 and 3 are illustrations showing the mechanical oscillator in the rest position, the springs 1 not being elastically deformed.

La quatrième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique, illustrée à la figure 4 en position de repos, ses ressorts étant en position non déformée élastiquement, comporte un balancier 2 comportant une serge 2.1 située dans un premier plan. Ce balancier comporte également un décor formé d'éléments transversaux 2.2 ou bras reliant différents points de la serge 2.1 entre eux, ces bras étant également situés dans le premier plan contenant le balancier 2.The fourth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator, illustrated in figure 4 in the rest position, its springs being in the non-elastically deformed position, comprises a pendulum 2 comprising a clamp 2.1 located in a foreground. This balance also includes a decoration formed of transverse elements 2.2 or arms connecting different points of the serge 2.1 to each other, these arms also being located in the foreground containing the balance 2.

L'organe d'ancrage 3 est formé dans cette forme d'exécution par une rondelle ou virole centrée sur l'axe de rotation du balancier 2 située dans un second plan parallèle au premier plan ou plan du balancier 2.The anchoring member 3 is formed in this embodiment by a washer or ferrule centered on the axis of rotation of the balance 2 located in a second plane parallel to the first plane or plane of the balance 2.

Cette forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique comporte trois ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c sinueux en forme de serpentin. Chacun de ces ressorts sinueux 1a, 1b, 1c comporte une première extrémité fixée à l'organe d'ancrage 3 et une seconde extrémité fixée à la serge 2.1 du balancier 2.This embodiment of the mechanical oscillator comprises three sinuous springs 1a, 1b, 1c in the form of a serpentine. Each of these sinuous springs 1a, 1b, 1c has a first end fixed to the anchoring member 3 and a second end fixed to the clamp 2.1 of the pendulum 2.

Comme dans les deux premières formes d'exécution, les ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c sont disposés dans des plans perpendiculaires au premier plan se recoupant sur l'axe de pivotement du balancier 2, ces ressorts sont donc disposés hors des premier et second plans ou de tous plans parallèles à ces premier et second plans.As in the first two embodiments, the springs 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged in planes perpendicular to the first plane overlapping on the pivot axis of the pendulum 2, these springs are therefore arranged outside the first and second planes or of any planes parallel to these first and second planes.

La cinquième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique illustrée en position de repos à la figure 5, les ressorts 1 n'étant pas déformés élastiquement, est similaire à la quatrième forme d'exécution. La seule différence entre ces deux formes d'exécution est que dans la quatrième forme d'exécution chaque ressort en position non déformée élastiquement est situé dans un plan tandis que dans la cinquième forme d'exécution les ressorts 1 en position non déformée élastiquement sont situés dans une surface courbe dont les génératrices sont perpendiculaires aux premier et second plans et donc parallèles à l'axe de rotation du balancier.The fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator illustrated in the rest position at the figure 5 , the springs 1 not being elastically deformed, is similar to the fourth embodiment. The only difference between these two embodiments is that in the fourth embodiment each spring in the non-elastically deformed position is located in a plane while in the fifth embodiment the springs 1 in the non-elastically deformed position are located in a curved surface whose generatrices are perpendicular to the first and second planes and therefore parallel to the axis of rotation of the pendulum.

La figure 6 illustre cette cinquième forme d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique lorsque le balancier est déplacé angulairement hors de sa position de repos et visualise la forme que peuvent prendre les ressorts 1a, 1b, 1c lorsqu'ils sont déformés élastiquement.The figure 6 illustrates this fifth embodiment of the mechanical oscillator when the balance is moved angularly out of its rest position and visualizes the shape that the springs 1a, 1b, 1c can take when they are elastically deformed.

Dans toutes les formes d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique, le point de fixation de la première extrémité des ressorts 1 à l'organe d'ancrage 3 est situé hors du premier plan contenant le balancier.In all embodiments of the mechanical oscillator, the point of attachment of the first end of the springs 1 to the anchoring member 3 is located outside the foreground containing the pendulum.

Dans toutes les formes d'exécution de l'oscillateur mécanique, l'ensemble formé par les ressorts 1 est de préférence symétrique et équilibré par rapport à l'axe de rotation du balancier.In all embodiments of the mechanical oscillator, the assembly formed by the springs 1 is preferably symmetrical and balanced with respect to the axis of rotation of the balance.

Claims (11)

  1. Mechanical oscillator comprising a pivot-less balance (2) which can be fitted in a timepiece movement comprising a rim (2.1) located in a first plane and an anchoring member (3) able to be fixed to a non-oscillating part of the timepiece movement as well as at least two springs (1, 4) each connecting the balance (2) to the anchoring member (3), the anchoring member (3) being coaxial with the balance (2), at least a main part of each spring (1, 4) extending, in the non-elastically deformed position, out of said first plane or a plane in parallel with this first plane, each spring (1, 4) being fixed by a first end to the anchoring member (3) and by a second end to the balance (2), the points of fixing the first ends of the springs (1, 4) to the anchoring member (3) being located out of said first plane, the main part of each spring (1, 4) having a sinusoidal shape, characterised in that each spring (1, 4) is fixed by its second end to the outer periphery of the rim (2.1).
  2. Oscillator as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that it has a first group of springs (1) located on one side of the first plane containing the balance.
  3. Oscillator as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that it comprises a second group of springs (4) located on the other side of the first plane containing the balance.
  4. Oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is in one piece, formed from a single piece of material by moulding, machining, etching or 3D printing.
  5. Oscillator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it is obtained by assembling, by gluing, driving or screwing the springs (1, 4) to the anchoring member (3) and the balance (2) respectively.
  6. Oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the planes of the springs (1, 4) in the non-elastically deformed rest state are uniformly distributed around the axis of symmetry (x-x) of the balance (2).
  7. Oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each spring (1, 4) is a leaf spring comprising several mutually parallel straight portions forming a serpentine shape.
  8. Oscillator as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the height (h) of each straight part of each spring (1, 4) is greater than the thickness of these straight portions.
  9. Oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the balance (2) can move angularly with respect to the anchoring member (3) by 50° to 500°, preferably 180° to 300°, by elastic deformation of the springs (1, 4).
  10. Oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the set of springs (1, 4) is concentric, symmetrical and balanced with respect to the rotational axis of the balance (2).
  11. Timepiece movement fitted with a mechanical oscillator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
EP16181403.3A 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 Mechanical oscillator for clock movement Active EP3276431B1 (en)

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EP16181403.3A EP3276431B1 (en) 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 Mechanical oscillator for clock movement

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EP3276431B1 true EP3276431B1 (en) 2020-01-01

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3572885B1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2022-04-20 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Timepiece mechanical oscillator that is isochronous in any position
EP3839656B1 (en) * 2019-12-18 2023-12-13 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Horological balance

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH120553A (en) 1927-02-26 1927-10-01 Paul Wyler & Cie Balance wheel for clockwork movement.
DK65659C (en) * 1943-04-02 1947-09-15 Clemen Joergensen Clock with swivel pendant.
GB613044A (en) * 1944-03-02 1948-11-22 Cfcmug Improvements in or relating to frictionless suspensions for the movable elements of measuring apparatus, relays or analogous apparatus
CA768731A (en) * 1963-03-12 1967-10-03 V. Braine Michael Resonator structure and method of construction
CH452443A (en) * 1964-07-10 1968-05-31 Movado Montres Oscillator for timepieces
CA824366A (en) * 1965-09-03 1969-10-07 Altenburger Paul Method of assembly of resonator
ATE389902T1 (en) 2005-06-23 2008-04-15 Suisse Electronique Microtech CLOCK
CH701421B1 (en) 2009-07-10 2014-11-28 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle Sa mechanical oscillator.
CH703464B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2013-11-29 Nivarox Sa oscillating mechanism with elastic pivot.
CH709291A2 (en) * 2014-02-20 2015-08-28 Suisse Electronique Microtech Oscillator timepiece.
EP2975469B1 (en) * 2014-07-14 2017-07-05 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Flexible clock guide

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