EP3276299B1 - Safety device for an active system with an ignition system - Google Patents

Safety device for an active system with an ignition system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3276299B1
EP3276299B1 EP17001097.9A EP17001097A EP3276299B1 EP 3276299 B1 EP3276299 B1 EP 3276299B1 EP 17001097 A EP17001097 A EP 17001097A EP 3276299 B1 EP3276299 B1 EP 3276299B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
transistor
transistors
safety device
capacitor
voltage
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3276299A1 (en
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Gerhard ZÖRKLER
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
    • F42C15/42—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically from a remote location, e.g. for controlled mines or mine fields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/44—Arrangements for disarming, or for rendering harmless, fuzes after arming, e.g. after launch

Definitions

  • Various embodiments generally relate to a safety device for an actuation system with an ignition system.
  • a high voltage capacitor is applied to e.g. 2500V charged. This is abruptly discharged, for example by means of a triggerable spark gap via an EFI (Electronic Foil Initiator - electronic Folienzünder).
  • EFI Electronic Foil Initiator - electronic Folienzünder
  • Inline ignition systems have the advantage that they switch back to the safe state after the voltage has been switched off, since the high-voltage capacitor is discharged via two so-called bleed resistors.
  • the discharge resistances are in the range of about 50 megohms, which leads to a high-voltage capacitor of, for example, 100 nF to a time constant of about 5 seconds.
  • a discharge time of, for example, more than 5 seconds is usually not sufficient.
  • a safety device for an active system with an ignition system has at least one high-voltage capacitor, at least one first bleeder resistor and at least one second bleeder resistor. The first and second bleeder are each connected in parallel with the high voltage capacitor.
  • the Safety device has a plurality of series-connected first transistors. A base of each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to a resistor each. The serially connected plurality of first transistors are connected in parallel with the high voltage capacitor. At least one transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to a signal generator. The high voltage capacitor is quickly discharged via the majority of the first transistors as needed.
  • the invention is based on the idea to realize the discharge of a high voltage capacitor of an inline ignition system of an active system by a transistor cascade of a plurality of transistors.
  • inter-base resistors are inserted.
  • these inter-base resistors are the same size.
  • These inter-base resistors together form a further bleeder resistor (bleed resistor).
  • active system is understood to mean the combination of at least one warhead with one or more ignition systems.
  • bleeder resistor is understood to mean a so-called bleed resistor or resistor of comparable functionality
  • high-voltage capacitor is understood to mean a capacitor or power capacitor which has a dielectric strength in the range of a few hundred volts to several thousand volts.
  • At least one first transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to at least one second transistor in Darlington circuit.
  • a Darlington circuit is an electronic circuit of two transistors, the first, smaller transistor works as emitter follower on the basis of the second, larger transistor. This has the advantage that the current amplification factor of a single transistor and thus the discharge current is increased.
  • the first transistor and the second transistor may be realized, for example, by a Darlington transistor.
  • a Darlington transistor for example, the first transistor and the second transistor are in a common housing.
  • the plurality of first transistors are each connected to at least one second transistor in Darlington circuit.
  • the discharge current is significantly increased by the added transistors in a further high-impedance base voltage divider.
  • the signal generator has a discharge circuit.
  • the discharge circuit has at least one signal transmission element, at least one storage capacitor and at least one diode. If necessary, the discharge circuit releases the energy temporarily stored in the storage capacitor to at least one first transistor and / or a second transistor.
  • the signal transmission element is an optocoupler.
  • the optocoupler has, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) as an optical transmitter and a photodiode or a phototransistor as an optical receiver.
  • the transmitting and the receiver component are optically coupled with each other. This has the advantage that there is a galvanic isolation between the signal generator circuit and the actual safety device.
  • the ignition system has at least one trigger capacitor.
  • the trigger capacitor is connected in series with at least one first transistor and / or in series with at least one second transistor.
  • the trigger capacitor can be quickly discharged via the plurality of first transistors and / or second transistors as needed.
  • At least two of the resistors connected in parallel with the first transistors form a voltage divider.
  • the trigger capacitor via the first and / or second transistors is rechargeable.
  • the first transistor and / or the second transistor is a bipolar transistor.
  • a bipolar transistor referred to in English as bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is to be understood as a transistor in which, unlike the unipolar transistor, both types of charge carriers - negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes - contribute to the current transport through the bipolar transistor.
  • connection As used herein, the terms “connected,””connected,” and “coupled” are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling.
  • connection As used herein, the terms “connected,””connected,” and “coupled” are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling.
  • identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, as appropriate.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a safety device 100 of an active system.
  • the safety device 100 has a high-voltage capacitor C1. Furthermore, the safety device 100 has a first bleeder resistor R1 (bleed resistor) and a second bleeder resistor R2 (bleed resistor).
  • the first bleeder resistor R1 and the second bleeder resistor R2 are each connected in parallel with the high-voltage capacitor C1.
  • the fuse device 100 has a plurality of series-connected first transistors T1 to T8. The base of each of the first transistors T1 to T8 is connected to a resistor R11 to R18, respectively.
  • the series-connected first transistors T1 to T8 are connected in parallel with the high-voltage capacitor C1.
  • the transistor T1 of the plurality of first transistors T1 to T8 is connected to a signal generator V1.
  • the high-voltage capacitor C1 can be quickly discharged via the transistor cascade T1 to T8 if required.
  • the eight resistors (inter-base resistors) R11 to R18 shown here are preferably of the same size, for example 10 megaohms. These eight resistors R11 to R18 and the discharge resistor R4 thus form an additional third bleeder resistor (bleed resistor) of a total of approximately 80 megaohms to the two two bleeder resistors R1 and R2.
  • the control of transistor T1 with the signal "Discharge" leads in the illustrated embodiment, for switching through transistor T1 and thus to turn on all the transistors T2 to T8 in turn.
  • the high-voltage capacitor C1 is thus discharged via the discharge resistor R4 and the transistors T1 to T8.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show the time course of the discharge process with a safety device according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2a shows here a time-voltage diagram for the "Discharge” signal
  • FIG. 2b shows a voltage-time diagram for the high-voltage capacitor C1.
  • the high-voltage capacitor C1 is discharged only slowly up to 50 ms via the two bleeder resistors R1 and R2.
  • the signal "Discharge” is set at the time of 50 ms, the significantly faster discharge of the high-voltage capacitor C1 takes place.
  • the Capacitor voltage of the high-voltage capacitor C1 only 250 V.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a safety device 300.
  • the safety device 300 corresponds in basic construction to the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the securing device 100th
  • the current gain is increased. This means that, despite the still high-impedance base voltage divider, the discharge current is significantly increased by the added second transistors T12 to T18. In the laboratory setup, for example, discharge times of less than 40 ms could be achieved.
  • the trigger voltage of about 300 V can be tapped and the trigger capacitor C100 are charged with it.
  • both capacitors - the trigger capacitor C100 and the high voltage capacitor C1 - are discharged.
  • the otherwise usually required second secondary winding in Hochnapstrafo account for the generation of the trigger voltage.
  • the Hochnapssstrafo can thus be smaller, which can compensate for example, the additional expense of the discharge circuit a little.
  • a short ignition pulse is generated on the secondary side of the triggering transformer L100 from the energy stored in the triggering capacitor C100.
  • This ignition pulse of about 2000-4000V is needed to trigger the spark gap, which in turn discharges the capacitor C1 via the EFI and thereby initiates it.
  • the LED of the optocoupler U1 must be supplied with power accordingly, so that the active discharge is deactivated. This has the consequence, for example, that when the system voltage is switched off, the optocoupler U1 switches off and the energy stored temporarily in the capacitor C3 supplies the lower switching transistor T1 enough to discharge the high-voltage capacitor C1 and the trigger capacitor C100.
  • the latch capacitor C3 is decoupled from the discharge, for example, via the diode D1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Verschiedene Ausführungsformen betreffen allgemein eine Sicherungseinrichtung für ein Wirksystem mit einem Zündsystem.Various embodiments generally relate to a safety device for an actuation system with an ignition system.

Bei bekannten elektronischen Inline-Zündsystemen von Wirksystemen wird beispielsweise ein Hochspannungskondensator auf z.B. 2500V aufgeladen. Dieser wird beispielsweise mittels einer triggerbaren Funkenstrecke schlagartig über ein EFI (Electronic Foil Initiator - elektronischer Folienzünder) entladen. Durch den im EFI entstehenden schnellen Flyer wird ein HNS-Pressling initiiert.In known electronic in-line ignition systems of active systems, for example, a high voltage capacitor is applied to e.g. 2500V charged. This is abruptly discharged, for example by means of a triggerable spark gap via an EFI (Electronic Foil Initiator - electronic Folienzünder). The fast flyer created in the EFI initiates an HNS compact.

Inline-Zündsysteme bieten den Vorteil, dass sie nach Spannungsabschaltung wieder in den sicheren Zustand übergehen, da der Hochspannungskondensator über zwei sogenannte Bleedwiderstände entladen wird. Um die Verlustleistung bei der hohen Spannung niedrig zu halten, liegen die Entladewiderstände im Bereich von ca. 50 Megaohm was bei einem Hochspannungskondensator von beispielsweise 100 nF zu einer Zeitkonstante von ca. 5 Sekunden führt.Inline ignition systems have the advantage that they switch back to the safe state after the voltage has been switched off, since the high-voltage capacitor is discharged via two so-called bleed resistors. In order to keep the power loss at the high voltage low, the discharge resistances are in the range of about 50 megohms, which leads to a high-voltage capacitor of, for example, 100 nF to a time constant of about 5 seconds.

Ein Beispiel für eine Sicherheitseinrichtung eines Zündsystems, bei der ein Kondensator mittels eines parallelgeschalteten Bleedwiderstandes entladen werden kann,findet sich in US 2003/00750690A1 .An example of a safety device of an ignition system, in which a capacitor can be discharged by means of a parallel-connected bleed resistor, can be found in US 2003 / 00750690A1 ,

Häufig besteht die funktionale Forderung, dass das Zündsystem auf "Kommando" so schnell wie möglich wieder in den sicheren Zustand übergehen soll, da der Flugkörper beispielsweise den Zielkorridor verlassen hat. Eine Entladezeit von beispielsweise mehr als 5 Sekunden ist dabei in der Regel nicht ausreichend.Often there is the functional requirement that the ignition system on "command" as soon as possible to go back into the safe state, because the missile has left, for example, the target corridor. A discharge time of, for example, more than 5 seconds is usually not sufficient.

Bei weiteren bekannten elektronischen Inline-Zündsystemen erfolgt beispielsweise keine Entladung des Hochspannungskondensators, sondern eine Entladung des sogenannten Triggerkondensators. Die Spannung des Triggerkondensators beträgt nur ca. 150 bis 300 Volt und lässt sich somit leichter in der erforderlichen kurzen Zeit entladen. Aus dieser Triggerspannung wird das Ansteuersignal für die Zündfunkenstrecke erzeugt. Durch die Entladung des Triggerkondensators kann somit die Funkenstrecke nicht mehr durchgeschaltet werden. Der Nachteil dieser Realisierung besteht darin, dass der Hochspannungskondensator weiterhin voll aufgeladen ist, und somit die Energie, die zum Initiieren des EFIs erforderlich ist, weiterhin im System vorhanden ist. Es handelt sich hierbei also nicht um eine echte "Disarm"-Funktion, sondern lediglich um ein Verhindern des Triggern (Trigger-Disable).In other known electronic inline ignition systems, for example, no discharge of the high voltage capacitor, but a discharge of the so-called trigger capacitor. The voltage of the trigger capacitor is only about 150 to 300 volts and can thus be discharged easily in the required short time. From this trigger voltage, the drive signal for the spark gap is generated. By discharging the trigger capacitor thus the spark gap can not be switched through. The disadvantage of this implementation is that the high voltage capacitor is still fully charged, and thus the energy required to initiate the EFI is still present in the system. So this is not a real "disarm" function, but only to prevent triggers (trigger-disable).

Davon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine verbesserte Sicherungseinrichtung für ein Wirksystem mit einem Zündsystem anzugeben.On this basis, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved safety device for an active system with an ignition system.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Beispielhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen dargestellt.This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1. Exemplary embodiments are presented in the dependent claims.

Es wird eine Sicherungseinrichtung für ein Wirksystem mit einem Zündsystem angegeben. Die Sicherungseinrichtung weist wenigstens einen Hochspannungskondensator, wenigstens einen ersten Ableitwiderstand und wenigstens einen zweiten Ableitwiderstand auf. Der erste und der zweite Ableitwiderstand sind jeweils parallel zu dem Hochspannungskondensator geschaltet. Die Sicherungseinrichtung weist eine Mehrzahl von in Reihe geschalteten ersten Transistoren auf. Eine Basis jedes ersten Transistors der Mehrzahl von ersten Transistoren ist jeweils mit einem Widerstand verbunden. Die in Reihe geschaltete Mehrzahl von ersten Transistoren ist parallel zu dem Hochspannungskondensator geschaltet. Wenigstens ein Transistor der Mehrzahl von ersten Transistoren ist mit einem Signalgeber verbunden. Der Hochspannungskondensator ist über die Mehrzahl der ersten Transistoren bei Bedarf schnell entladbar.A safety device for an active system with an ignition system is specified. The safety device has at least one high-voltage capacitor, at least one first bleeder resistor and at least one second bleeder resistor. The first and second bleeder are each connected in parallel with the high voltage capacitor. The Safety device has a plurality of series-connected first transistors. A base of each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to a resistor each. The serially connected plurality of first transistors are connected in parallel with the high voltage capacitor. At least one transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to a signal generator. The high voltage capacitor is quickly discharged via the majority of the first transistors as needed.

Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, die Entladung eines Hochspannungskondensators eines Inline-Zündsystems eines Wirksystems durch eine Transistorkaskade aus einer Mehrzahl von Transistoren zu realisieren. Um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Hochspannung über die Mehrzahl von Transistoren zu erreichen werden Interbasiswiderstände eingefügt. Vorzugsweise sind diese Interbasiswiderstände gleich groß. Diese Interbasiswiderstände bilden zusammen einen weiteren Ableitwiderstand (Bleedwiderstand). Durch diese Sicherungseinrichtung ist es möglich, den Hochspannungskondensator sehr schnell zu entladen. Das Zündsystem wird somit sehr schnell in einen sicheren Zustand versetzt.The invention is based on the idea to realize the discharge of a high voltage capacitor of an inline ignition system of an active system by a transistor cascade of a plurality of transistors. To achieve a uniform distribution of the high voltage across the plurality of transistors inter-base resistors are inserted. Preferably, these inter-base resistors are the same size. These inter-base resistors together form a further bleeder resistor (bleed resistor). By this securing device, it is possible to discharge the high-voltage capacitor very quickly. The ignition system is thus very quickly put into a safe state.

Unter dem Begriff Wirksystem wird hierbei die Kombination aus wenigstens einem Gefechtskopf mit einem oder mehreren Zündsystemen verstanden.The term "active system" is understood to mean the combination of at least one warhead with one or more ignition systems.

Unter dem Begriff Ableitwiderstand wird hierbei ein sogenannter Bleedwiderstand, oder Widerstand vergleichbarer Funktionalität verstandenThe term bleeder resistor is understood to mean a so-called bleed resistor or resistor of comparable functionality

Unter dem Begriff Hochspannungskondensator wird hierbei ein Kondensator bzw. Leistungskondensator verstanden, der eine Spannungsfestigkeit im Bereich von wenigen hundert Volt bis mehreren tausend Volt aufweist.The term high-voltage capacitor is understood to mean a capacitor or power capacitor which has a dielectric strength in the range of a few hundred volts to several thousand volts.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Sicherungseinrichtung ist wenigstens ein erster Transistor der Mehrzahl von ersten Transistoren mit wenigstens einem zweiten Transistor in Darlington-Schaltung verbunden. Eine Darlington-Schaltung ist eine elektronische Schaltung aus zwei Transistoren, wobei der erste, kleinere Transistor als Emitterfolger auf die Basis des zweiten, größeren Transistors arbeitet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Stromverstärkungsfaktor eines einzelnen Transistors und damit der Entladestrom erhöht wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the protection device, at least one first transistor of the plurality of first transistors is connected to at least one second transistor in Darlington circuit. A Darlington circuit is an electronic circuit of two transistors, the first, smaller transistor works as emitter follower on the basis of the second, larger transistor. This has the advantage that the current amplification factor of a single transistor and thus the discharge current is increased.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können der erste Transistor und der zweite Transistor beispielsweise auch durch einen Darlington-Transistor realisiert sein. Bei einem Darlington-Transistor befinden sich der erste Transistor und der zweite Transistor beispielsweise in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse.According to a preferred embodiment, the first transistor and the second transistor may be realized, for example, by a Darlington transistor. In a Darlington transistor, for example, the first transistor and the second transistor are in a common housing.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Sicherungseinrichtung ist die Mehrzahl der ersten Transistoren jeweils mit wenigstens einem zweiten Transistor in Darlington Schaltung verbunden. Durch Hinzufügen von diesen weiteren zweiten Transistoren wird bei einem weiterhin hochohmigen Basisspannungsteiler der Entladestrom durch die hinzugefügten Transistoren deutlich erhöht.According to a preferred embodiment of the protection device, the plurality of first transistors are each connected to at least one second transistor in Darlington circuit. By adding these further second transistors, the discharge current is significantly increased by the added transistors in a further high-impedance base voltage divider.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Signalgeber eine Entladeschaltung auf. Die Entladeschaltung weist wenigstens ein Signalübertragungselement, wenigstens einen Speicherkondensator und wenigstens eine Diode auf. Die Entladeschaltung gibt die im Speicherkondensator zwischengespeicherte Energie bei Bedarf an wenigstens einen ersten Transistor und/ oder einen zweiten Transistor frei.According to a preferred embodiment, the signal generator has a discharge circuit. The discharge circuit has at least one signal transmission element, at least one storage capacitor and at least one diode. If necessary, the discharge circuit releases the energy temporarily stored in the storage capacitor to at least one first transistor and / or a second transistor.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Signalübertragungselement ein Optokoppler. Der Optokoppler weist beispielsweise eine Leuchtdiode (LED) oder eine Laserdiode (LD) als optischem Sender und einer Photodiode oder einem Fototransistor als optischem Empfänger auf. Das Sende- und das Empfängerbauelement sind untereinander optisch gekoppelt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine galvanische Trennung zwischen der Signalgeber-Schaltung und der eigentlichen Sicherungseinrichtung vorliegt.According to a preferred embodiment, the signal transmission element is an optocoupler. The optocoupler has, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) as an optical transmitter and a photodiode or a phototransistor as an optical receiver. The transmitting and the receiver component are optically coupled with each other. This has the advantage that there is a galvanic isolation between the signal generator circuit and the actual safety device.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Zündsystem wenigstens einen Triggerkondensator auf. Der Triggerkondensator ist in Reihe mit wenigsten einem ersten Transistor und/ oder in Reihe mit wenigstens einem zweiten Transistor geschaltet.According to a preferred embodiment, the ignition system has at least one trigger capacitor. The trigger capacitor is connected in series with at least one first transistor and / or in series with at least one second transistor.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Triggerkondensator über die Mehrzahl der ersten Transistoren und/ oder zweiten Transistoren bei Bedarf schnell entladbar.According to a preferred embodiment, the trigger capacitor can be quickly discharged via the plurality of first transistors and / or second transistors as needed.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bilden wenigstens zwei der zu den ersten Transistoren parallel geschalteten Widerstände einen Spannungsteiler. Mit Hilfe des Spannungsteilers ist der Triggerkondensator über die ersten und/ oder zweiten Transistoren aufladbar.According to a preferred embodiment, at least two of the resistors connected in parallel with the first transistors form a voltage divider. With the help of Voltage divider, the trigger capacitor via the first and / or second transistors is rechargeable.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erste Transistor und/ oder der zweite Transistor ein Bipolartransistor. Unter einem Bipolartransistor, im Englischen als bipolar junction transistor (BJT) bezeichnet, ist eine Transistor zu verstehen, bei dem im Unterschied zum Unipolartransistor beide Ladungsträgertypen - negativ geladene Elektronen und positiv geladene Defektelektronen - zum Stromtransport durch den Bipolartransistor beitragen.According to a preferred embodiment, the first transistor and / or the second transistor is a bipolar transistor. A bipolar transistor, referred to in English as bipolar junction transistor (BJT), is to be understood as a transistor in which, unlike the unipolar transistor, both types of charge carriers - negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes - contribute to the current transport through the bipolar transistor.

In den Zeichnungen beziehen sich im Allgemeinen gleiche Bezugszeichen auf die gleichen Teile über die verschiedenen Ansichten hinweg. Die Zeichnungen sind nicht notwendigerweise maßstabsgetreu; Wert wird stattdessen im Allgemeinen auf die Veranschaulichung der Prinzipien der Erfindung gelegt. In der folgenden Beschreibung werden verschiedene Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beschrieben unter Bezugnahme auf die folgenden Zeichnungen, in denen:

FIG. 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer Sicherungseinrichtung zeigt;
FIG. 2a
und 2b den zeitlichen Verlauf des Entladevorgangs mit einer Sicherungseinrichtung gemäß Figur 1 zeigen; und
FIG. 3
eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Sicherungseinrichtung zeigt.
In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the several views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; Instead, value is generally placed upon the illustration of the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1
a first embodiment of a safety device shows;
FIG. 2a
and 2b show the time course of the discharging process with a safety device according to FIG FIG. 1 demonstrate; and
FIG. 3
shows a further embodiment of a securing device.

Die folgende detaillierte Beschreibung nimmt Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen, welche zur Erläuterung spezifische Details und Ausführungsformen zeigen, in welchem die Erfindung praktiziert werden kann.The following detailed description makes reference to the accompanying drawings which are given specific explanation Details and embodiments show in which the invention may be practiced.

Das Wort "beispielhaft" wird hierin verwendet mit der Bedeutung "als ein Beispiel, Fall oder Veranschaulichung dienend". Jede Ausführungsform oder Ausgestaltung, die hierin als "beispielhaft" beschrieben ist, ist nicht notwendigerweise als bevorzugt oder vorteilhaft gegenüber anderen Ausführungsformen oder Ausgestaltungen auszulegen.The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, case or illustration". Any embodiment or embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or embodiments.

In der folgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung wird auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen Bezug genommen, die einen Teil dieser Beschreibung bilden und in denen zur Veranschaulichung spezifische Ausführungsformen gezeigt sind, in denen die Erfindung ausgeübt werden kann. Es versteht sich, dass andere Ausführungsformen benutzt und strukturelle oder logische Änderungen vorgenommen werden können, ohne von dem Schutzumfang der vorliegenden Erfindung abzuweichen. Es versteht sich, dass die Merkmale der hierin beschriebenen verschiedenen beispielhaften Ausführungsformen miteinander kombiniert werden können, sofern nicht spezifisch anders angegeben. Die folgende ausführliche Beschreibung ist deshalb nicht in einschränkendem Sinne aufzufassen, und der Schutzumfang der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch die angefügten Ansprüche definiert.In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with each other unless specifically stated otherwise. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung werden die Begriffe "verbunden", "angeschlossen" sowie "gekoppelt" verwendet zum Beschreiben sowohl einer direkten als auch einer indirekten Verbindung, eines direkten oder indirekten Anschlusses sowie einer direkten oder indirekten Kopplung. In den Figuren werden identische oder ähnliche Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen, soweit dies zweckmäßig ist.As used herein, the terms "connected,""connected," and "coupled" are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling. In the figures identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, as appropriate.

Figur 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform einer Sicherungseinrichtung 100 eines Wirksystems. Die Sicherungseinrichtung 100 weist einen Hochspannungskondensator C1 auf. Weiter weist die Sicherungseinrichtung 100 einen ersten Ableitwiderstand R1 (Bleedwiderstand) und einen zweiten Ableitwiderstand R2 (Bleedwiderstand) auf. Der erste Ableitwiderstand R1 und der zweite Ableitwiderstand R2 sind jeweils parallel zu dem Hochspannungskondensator C1 geschaltet. Die Sicherungseinrichtung 100 weist eine Mehrzahl von in Reihe geschalteten ersten Transistoren T1 bis T8 auf. Die Basis jedes der ersten Transistoren T1 bis T8 ist jeweils mit einem Widerstand R11 bis R18 verbunden. Die in Reihe geschalteten ersten Transistoren T1 bis T8 sind parallel zu dem Hochspannungskondensator C1 geschaltet. Der Transistor T1 der Mehrzahl von ersten Transistoren T1 bis T8 ist mit einem Signalgeber V1 verbunden. Der Hochspannungskondensator C1 ist über die Transistorkaskade T1 bis T8 bei Bedarf schnell entladbar. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a safety device 100 of an active system. The safety device 100 has a high-voltage capacitor C1. Furthermore, the safety device 100 has a first bleeder resistor R1 (bleed resistor) and a second bleeder resistor R2 (bleed resistor). The first bleeder resistor R1 and the second bleeder resistor R2 are each connected in parallel with the high-voltage capacitor C1. The fuse device 100 has a plurality of series-connected first transistors T1 to T8. The base of each of the first transistors T1 to T8 is connected to a resistor R11 to R18, respectively. The series-connected first transistors T1 to T8 are connected in parallel with the high-voltage capacitor C1. The transistor T1 of the plurality of first transistors T1 to T8 is connected to a signal generator V1. The high-voltage capacitor C1 can be quickly discharged via the transistor cascade T1 to T8 if required.

Da Hochspannungstransistoren im Spannungsbereich über 2000V beispielsweise nur schlecht verfügbar sind und beispielsweise eine recht große Bauform aufweisen, wird diese Funktion in der hier beschriebenen Sicherungseinrichtung mit einer Transistorkaskade aus beispielsweise acht Transistoren realisiert. Transistoren mit einer maximalen Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung von beispielsweise 500V sind z.B. in recht kleinen SOT-23 Gehäusen erhältlich und können somit beispielsweise leicht auf einer Leiterplatte platziert werden, beispielsweise auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hochspannungskondensators C1. Um ausreichend Sicherheitsabstand von der maximalen Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung zu erreichen, werden beispielsweise insgesamt acht Transistoren T1 bis T8 in Serie geschaltet. Damit bei geladenem Hochspannungskondensator C1 eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Hochspannung über die Transistoren erzielt wird, werden die hier dargestellten beispielsweise acht Widerstände (Interbasiswiderstände) R11 bis R18 vorzugsweise gleich groß, mit beispielsweise 10 Megaohm gewählt. Diese acht Widerstände R11 bis R18 und der Entladewiderstand R4 bilden somit einen zusätzlichen dritten Ableitwiderstand (Bleedwiderstand) von insgesamt ca. 80 Megaohm zu den beiden zwei Ableitwiderständen R1 und R2. Die Ansteuerung von Transistor T1 mit dem Signal "Discharge" führt in der dargestellten Ausführungsform zum Durchschalten von Transistor T1 und damit zum Durchschalten aller Transistoren T2 bis T8 der Reihe nach. Der Hochspannungskondensator C1 wird damit über den Entladewiderstand R4 und die Transistoren T1 bis T8 entladen.Since high-voltage transistors in the voltage range above 2000V, for example, are only poorly available and, for example, have a rather large design, this function is realized in the safety device described here with a transistor cascade of, for example, eight transistors. Transistors with a maximum collector-emitter voltage of 500V, for example, are available in quite small SOT-23 packages and can thus easily be placed on a printed circuit board, for example be, for example on the opposite side of the high voltage capacitor C1. In order to achieve sufficient safety distance from the maximum collector-emitter voltage, for example, a total of eight transistors T1 to T8 are connected in series. In order to achieve a uniform distribution of the high voltage across the transistors when the high-voltage capacitor C1 is charged, the eight resistors (inter-base resistors) R11 to R18 shown here are preferably of the same size, for example 10 megaohms. These eight resistors R11 to R18 and the discharge resistor R4 thus form an additional third bleeder resistor (bleed resistor) of a total of approximately 80 megaohms to the two two bleeder resistors R1 and R2. The control of transistor T1 with the signal "Discharge" leads in the illustrated embodiment, for switching through transistor T1 and thus to turn on all the transistors T2 to T8 in turn. The high-voltage capacitor C1 is thus discharged via the discharge resistor R4 and the transistors T1 to T8.

Figuren 2a und 2b zeigen den zeitlichen Verlauf des Entladevorgangs mit einer Sicherungseinrichtung gemäß Figur 1. Figur 2a zeigt hierbei ein Zeit-Spannungs-Diagramm für das "Discharge"-Signal. Figur 2b zeigt ein Spannungs-ZeitDiagramm für den Hochspannungskondensator C1. Hier ist deutlich zu erkennen dass der Hochspannungskondensator C1 bis 50 ms über die beiden Ableitwiderstände R1 und R2 nur langsam entladen wird. Nachdem das Signal "Discharge" zum Zeitpunkt 50 ms gesetzt wird erfolgt die deutlich schnellere Entladung des Hochspannungskondensators C1. Nach 300 ms beträgt die Kondensatorspannung des Hochspannungskondensators C1 nur noch 250 V. FIGS. 2a and 2b show the time course of the discharge process with a safety device according to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2a shows here a time-voltage diagram for the "Discharge" signal. FIG. 2b shows a voltage-time diagram for the high-voltage capacitor C1. Here it can clearly be seen that the high-voltage capacitor C1 is discharged only slowly up to 50 ms via the two bleeder resistors R1 and R2. After the signal "Discharge" is set at the time of 50 ms, the significantly faster discharge of the high-voltage capacitor C1 takes place. After 300 ms, the Capacitor voltage of the high-voltage capacitor C1 only 250 V.

Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Sicherungseinrichtung 300. Die Sicherungseinrichtung 300 entspricht im Grundaufbau der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Sicherungseinrichtung 100. FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a safety device 300. The safety device 300 corresponds in basic construction to the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the securing device 100th

Durch das Hinzufügen von weiteren sieben zweiten Transistoren T12 bis T18 in Darlington-Schaltung wird beispielsweise die Stromverstärkung erhöht. Das bedeutet, dass trotz dem weiterhin hochohmigen Basisspannungsteiler der Entladestrom durch die hinzugefügten zweiten Transistoren T12 bis T18 deutlich erhöht wird. Im Laboraufbau konnten damit beispielsweise Entladezeiten von kleiner 40ms erreicht werden.By adding another seven second transistors T12 to T18 in Darlington circuit, for example, the current gain is increased. This means that, despite the still high-impedance base voltage divider, the discharge current is significantly increased by the added second transistors T12 to T18. In the laboratory setup, for example, discharge times of less than 40 ms could be achieved.

Durch entsprechendes Dimensionieren des Basisspannungsteilers kann beispielsweise an der untersten Kaskadenstufe direkt die Triggerspannung von ca. 300 V abgegriffen werden und der Triggerkondensator C100 damit aufgeladen werden. Bei der aktiven Entladung werden dann beide Kondensatoren - der Triggerkondensator C100 und der Hochspannungskondensator C1 - entladen. Dies stellt beispielsweise eine weitere Sicherheitsfunktion der dargestellten Sicherungseinrichtung dar. Weiterhin kann beispielsweise die sonst üblicherweise benötigte zweite Sekundärwicklung im Hochspannungstrafo für die Erzeugung der Triggerspannung entfallen. Der Hochspannungstrafo kann damit kleiner werden, was beispielsweise den zusätzlichen Aufwand der Entladeschaltung ein wenig kompensieren kann.By appropriate dimensioning of the base voltage divider, for example, at the lowest cascade stage directly the trigger voltage of about 300 V can be tapped and the trigger capacitor C100 are charged with it. During the active discharge both capacitors - the trigger capacitor C100 and the high voltage capacitor C1 - are discharged. This represents, for example, a further safety function of the illustrated safety device. Furthermore, for example, the otherwise usually required second secondary winding in Hochspannungstrafo account for the generation of the trigger voltage. The Hochspannungsstrafo can thus be smaller, which can compensate for example, the additional expense of the discharge circuit a little.

In dem Triggertrafo L100 (oder auch Zündtrafo) wird, aus der in dem Triggerkondensator C100 gespeicherten Energie ein kurzer Zündpuls an der Sekundärseite des Triggertrafo L100 erzeugt. Dieser Zündpuls von ca. 2000-4000V wird benötigt um die Funkenstrecke zu triggern, die wiederum den Kondensator C1 über das EFI entlädt und dieses dadurch initiiert.In the triggering transformer L100 (or else ignition transformer), a short ignition pulse is generated on the secondary side of the triggering transformer L100 from the energy stored in the triggering capacitor C100. This ignition pulse of about 2000-4000V is needed to trigger the spark gap, which in turn discharges the capacitor C1 via the EFI and thereby initiates it.

Führt man beispielsweise die Ansteuerung der Entladeschaltung entsprechend der Ausführungsform in Figur 3 aus, ist die LED des Optokopplers U1 entsprechend mit Strom zu versorgen, damit die aktive Entladung deaktiviert ist. Dies hat beispielsweise zur Folge, dass bei Abschalten der Systemspannung der Optokoppler U1 abschaltet und die im Kondensator C3 zwischengespeicherte Energie den unteren Schalttransistor T1 genügend versorgt, um den Hochspannungskondensator C1 und den Triggerkondensator C100 zu entladen. Der Zwischenspeicherkondensator C3 ist beispielsweise über die Diode D1 von der Entladung entkoppelt.If, for example, the triggering of the discharge circuit is carried out according to the embodiment in FIG FIG. 3 off, the LED of the optocoupler U1 must be supplied with power accordingly, so that the active discharge is deactivated. This has the consequence, for example, that when the system voltage is switched off, the optocoupler U1 switches off and the energy stored temporarily in the capacitor C3 supplies the lower switching transistor T1 enough to discharge the high-voltage capacitor C1 and the trigger capacitor C100. The latch capacitor C3 is decoupled from the discharge, for example, via the diode D1.

Obwohl die Erfindung vor allem unter Bezugnahme auf bestimmte Ausführungsformen gezeigt und beschrieben worden ist, sollte von denjenigen, die mit dem Fachgebiet vertraut sind, verstanden werden, dass zahlreiche Änderungen bezüglich Ausgestaltung und Details daran vorgenommen werden können, ohne vom Bereich der Erfindung, wie durch die angefügten Ansprüche definiert, abzuweichen. Der Bereich der Erfindung wird somit durch die angefügten Ansprüche bestimmt.Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as by the appended claims define a departure. The scope of the invention is thus determined by the appended claims.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100100
Sicherungseinrichtungsafety device
C1C1
HochspannungskondensatorHigh voltage capacitor
R1R1
erster Ableitwiderstandfirst bleeder resistor
R2R2
zweiter Ableitwiderstandsecond bleeder resistor
T1 - T8T1 - T8
erste Transistorenfirst transistors
R11 - R18R11 - R18
erster Widerstandfirst resistance
V1V1
Signalgebersignaler
300300
Sicherungseinrichtungsafety device
T12 - T18T12 - T18
zweiter Transistorsecond transistor
C100C100
Triggerkondensatortrigger capacitor
C3C3
ZwischenspeicherkondensatorInterim storage capacitor
D1D1
Diodediode
U1U1
Optokoppleroptocoupler
L100L100
Triggertrafotrigger transformer

Claims (9)

  1. Safety device (100) for an active system with an ignition system, exhibiting
    at least a high-voltage capacitor (C1),
    at least a first discharge resistor (R1) and at least a second discharge resistor (R2),
    wherein the first (R1) and the second (R2) discharge resistor are each connected in parallel to the high-voltage capacitor (C1),
    a plurality of first transistors is connected in series (T1 - T8),
    wherein a base of each first transistor of the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) is connected to a resistor (R11 - R18),
    wherein the plurality of first transistors connected in series (T1 - T8) is connected in parallel to the high-voltage capacitor (C1),
    wherein at least one transistor of the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) is connected to a signal transmitter (V1), and
    wherein the high-voltage capacitor (C1) can be rapidly discharged via the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) as necessary.
  2. Safety device according to claim 1,
    wherein at least a first transistor of the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) is connected to at least a second transistor (T12 - T18) in a Darlington circuit.
  3. Safety device according to claim 2,
    wherein the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) is each connected to at least a second transistor (T12 - T18) in a Darlington circuit.
  4. Safety device according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the signal transmitter (V1) exhibits a discharge circuit,
    wherein the discharge circuit exhibits at least a signal transfer element, at least a storage capacitor (C3) and at least a diode (D1),
    wherein the discharge circuit releases the energy buffered in the storage capacitor to at least a first transistor and/or a second transistor as necessary.
  5. Safety device according to claim 4,
    wherein the signal transfer element is an optocoupler (U1).
  6. Safety device according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the ignition system exhibits at least a trigger capacitor (C100) which is connected in series to at least a first transistor (T1 - T8) and/or in series to at least a second transistor (T12 - T18).
  7. Safety device according to claim 6,
    wherein the trigger capacitor (C100) can be rapidly discharged as necessary via the plurality of first transistors (T1 - T8) and/or second transistors (T12 - T18) .
  8. Safety device according to claim 6 or 7,
    wherein at least two of the resistors (R11 - R18) connected in parallel to the first transistors (T1 - T8) comprise a voltage divider with the help of which the trigger capacitor (C100) can be charged via the first (T1 - T8) and/or second (T12 - T18) transistors.
  9. Safety device according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the first transistor (T1 - T8) and/or the second transistor (T12 - T18) is a bipolar junction transistor.
EP17001097.9A 2016-07-26 2017-06-28 Safety device for an active system with an ignition system Active EP3276299B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016008946.6A DE102016008946A1 (en) 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 Safety device for an active system with an ignition system

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EP3276299A1 EP3276299A1 (en) 2018-01-31
EP3276299B1 true EP3276299B1 (en) 2018-09-26

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DE (1) DE102016008946A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7927845U1 (en) * 1979-09-29 1986-03-13 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Underwater detonator for igniting explosive charges
DE3266397D1 (en) * 1981-09-24 1985-10-24 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Control circuit for firing a low-resistance fuse
US6584907B2 (en) * 2000-03-17 2003-07-01 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Ordnance firing system
US7337723B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2008-03-04 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Detonator arming
US7261035B1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2007-08-28 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and system for operation of a safe and arm device
JP2014022755A (en) * 2012-07-12 2014-02-03 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Switch circuit and power transmitting device having the switch circuit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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EP3276299A1 (en) 2018-01-31

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