EP3267114B1 - Method for controlling an oven and oven - Google Patents

Method for controlling an oven and oven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3267114B1
EP3267114B1 EP17179788.9A EP17179788A EP3267114B1 EP 3267114 B1 EP3267114 B1 EP 3267114B1 EP 17179788 A EP17179788 A EP 17179788A EP 3267114 B1 EP3267114 B1 EP 3267114B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
oven
muffle
switching
phase
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EP17179788.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3267114A1 (en
Inventor
Konrad SCHÖNEMANN
Rolf Seeburger
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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Publication of EP3267114A1 publication Critical patent/EP3267114A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24C7/082—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices on ranges, e.g. control panels, illumination
    • F24C7/085—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices on ranges, e.g. control panels, illumination on baking ovens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling an oven and an oven suitable for carrying out this method.
  • a muffle heater in an oven muffle This has a temperature setting, advantageously via a mechanical control element such as a rotary switch or a rotary actuator, a mechanical temperature sensor and a switch contact.
  • the mechanical temperature sensor often consists of a pipe system which is filled with a temperature-dependent expandable oil and has a slightly larger body connected to the pipe system and filled with oil in the oven muffle as a temperature sensor.
  • the pipe system is connected to a so-called expansion socket, see for example the EP 962951 A2 , This can switch a switching contact in such a way that a temperature set in the oven muffle by means of the temperature setting by an operator is reached. Then the temperature control cycles the operation of the muffle heater, so to speak, in order to maintain the set temperature in the oven muffle.
  • a method for operating an oven and a corresponding oven are known in which a certain heating cycle is provided for soft cooking with different steps. These steps include activating a heating element to heat the cooking space in order to reach a predetermined limit temperature. Then a heating power of the radiator is switched down in order to allow the cooking space to cool below the predetermined limit temperature. This is followed by a timed activation of the radiator with a predetermined timing property for a predetermined timing time interval in order to heat the cooking space until a predetermined limit temperature is reached.
  • a predetermined timing property for a predetermined timing time interval in order to heat the cooking space until a predetermined limit temperature is reached.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an above-mentioned method for controlling an oven and an oven suitable for carrying out this method, with which problems of the prior art can be avoided and in particular it is possible to easily an oven control and above all to be able to control an oven in an energy-saving mode without having to change the design or structure of the oven significantly.
  • the oven to be controlled with the method according to the invention has an oven muffle, a muffle heater and an electromechanical temperature control for the muffle heater.
  • the electromechanical temperature control has a temperature setting, a mechanical temperature sensor and a switch contact.
  • Such an electromechanical temperature control is advantageously designed as described in the prior art, for example in the aforementioned EP 962951 A2 ,
  • the electromechanical temperature control is designed to set an oven temperature set mechanically at the temperature setting in the oven muffle by controlling the muffle heater, preferably by means of a clocking operation. With such a cycle, the muffle heater is either operated at full power or is switched off.
  • the process has the following steps. First, starting from a cold oven, the switch contact is closed and the muffle heating switched on. This starts with the heating mode, namely the oven muffle is heated up for the duration of a so-called preheating phase.
  • the preheating phase ends when the mechanical temperature sensor responds for the first time and the switch contact opens. This is because a temperature on the mechanical temperature sensor has exceeded a switching temperature corresponding to the oven temperature set. This switching temperature can match the set temperature, but it does not have to. However, this is something that occurs when setting or adjusting the electromechanical temperature control during manufacture in the factory and therefore has no effect on the invention. In any case, it is about the first opening or switching of the switching contact by the temperature sensor.
  • a temperature maintenance phase then follows after the preheating phase, advantageously directly afterwards.
  • the temperature in the oven muffle is regulated to the set oven temperature by switching the switch contact by means of the electromechanical temperature control or by the temperature sensor.
  • a duration of the temperature maintenance phase corresponding to a number of switching operations of the switching contact is stored in a power control device of the oven. No time is measured in the power control device to determine the duration of the temperature maintenance phase. Rather, for example, a number of ten switching operations of the switching contact are stored in the power control device, so that the temperature maintenance phase is therefore ten switching operations long should last. Switching on once is advantageously evaluated as a switching operation.
  • the temperature maintenance phase is advantageously different from zero or has a minimum duration, particularly advantageously of switching on the muffle heating at least once.
  • a power control phase begins, advantageously immediately afterwards, with a constant ratio of duty cycle to clock period, which is also referred to below as the ratio ED.
  • a cycle period consists of a duty cycle and a subsequent shutdown period. If the temperature was regulated to the set oven temperature during the temperature maintenance phase, only the power that is put into the oven is controlled in the power control phase.
  • the previously determined ratio ED which is then stored in the power control device, is used to control an additional switch that is additionally connected to the control of the muffle heating so that the muffle heating is switched on and off so that only the additional switch switches the muffle heating and not anymore the aforementioned switch contact during the temperature maintenance phase. This switch contact is always closed.
  • the ratio ED is chosen so that a temperature that is established in the steady state of the oven during the power control phase is below the target temperature, so that the oven or the oven muffle therefore has a temperature below the set oven temperature. Energy can thus be saved during the power control phase in comparison to the above-described temperature maintenance phase and in comparison to continuous operation of the oven at the oven temperature.
  • the essence of the invention is to use simple electromechanical temperature control without precise detection of the temperature actually prevailing in the oven or in the oven muffle to effect operation at a temperature which is somewhat below the set oven temperature. Starting from a cold oven, the duration of the preheating phase is measured, i.e.
  • the oven temperature set is, as expected, lower. If the preheating phase takes longer until the oven is heated to approximately the desired oven temperature, the oven temperature is probably higher. In the power control phase, it is no longer regulated to an exactly set temperature, but rather a precisely defined power is supplied, so that it is only controlled or power controlled, so to speak.
  • the temperature which arises in the steady state of the oven during the power control phase can be between 10K and 40K below this target temperature. It can be advantageous between 12K and 25K.
  • Such a lowering of temperature causes an only imperceptible change in the cooking result, so that a cooking or baking process carried out in the oven essentially proceeds as desired by an operator. Possibly. the cooking or baking process takes a little longer. At the same time, however, a considerable amount of energy can be saved.
  • the electromechanical temperature control has a thermostat which is particularly advantageously a thermostat provided with an oil which expands depending on the temperature.
  • a thermostat which is particularly advantageously a thermostat provided with an oil which expands depending on the temperature.
  • the power control device has an additional printed circuit board with a microcontroller thereon for controlling the power control device and for timer functions and with the additional switch. These components are therefore provided on the additional circuit board. It is connected in such a way that the additional switch is preferably connected in series with the switching contact of the electromechanical temperature control, particularly preferably before. Thus, heating operation of the muffle heater can be interrupted by one of the two switches alone. Furthermore, when the switch contact is closed, only the additional switch, as previously explained, can switch the muffle heater on and off in a simple manner.
  • This additional circuit board is a part that is then installed in an oven according to the invention. Subsequent installation in an oven, for example if it is already installed by an operator in the kitchen, may be too complex.
  • an existing oven construction can easily be supplemented at the factory. If the oven has an operating mode selector switch, as it was mentioned at the beginning, which can also be used to start the method, an additional printed circuit board can advantageously be attached to the operating mode selector switch itself, particularly advantageously at the rear end thereof. This means that there is not really much to change in the electrical connection; in particular, there is no need to make any changes to any other control or other switching devices in the oven. Furthermore, nothing needs to be changed in the safety concept of the oven or in approvals, since the switch-off function of the temperature-controlled switch contact is not changed. The additional switch only switches earlier or at lower temperatures than the set one Oven temperature so that the actual switch contact does not switch.
  • the muffle heating can be switched off by the switching contact by connecting the two switches in series. Furthermore, in such a fault situation, an unsafe device status is avoided by at least one safety temperature limiter that is already standard in the known oven.
  • the microcontroller can operate the oven for a certain time in or with the power control phase.
  • the oven is advantageously operated in the energy-saving mode or in the power control phase until it is either completely switched off by the operator or until the energy-saving mode is ended, advantageously again by a switching operation on the operating mode selector switch mentioned.
  • It can be recognized from the duration of the preheating phase whether the oven muffle is heated to a rather high or a rather low temperature. In the case of a long preheating phase, it can be concluded that the temperature is rather high and in the case of a short preheating phase that the temperature is rather low.
  • the duration of the power control phase can therefore be dimensioned as a function of the duration of the preheating phase. It can then be advantageously assumed that the power control phase should also be relatively short when heating to a relatively high temperature and that the power control phase should also be relatively long when heating to a relatively low temperature.
  • the operator switches off this energy-saving mode, for example on the operating mode selector switch or on an operating element of the temperature setting, which could possibly turn off the entire oven.
  • the power control phase or the energy-saving mode is ended after a pre-programmed time. This time is then stored in the control. It can depend, for example, on the set oven temperature, which can be roughly recognized or estimated as described above.
  • a timer-controlled termination of the power control phase can be provided, so that, for example, in the energy-saving mode, the oven is always switched off after two or a maximum of three hours.
  • the additional switch is designed as a relay. As a result, it can be easily controlled by the aforementioned microcontroller including simple control.
  • the microcontroller can recognize via its own input whether and when the temperature control switches the muffle heating on and off via the switch contact. The microcontroller can thus start the power control phase just after a predetermined number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase.
  • the number of switching operations during the temperature maintenance phase depends on a duration of the preheating phase, which can be detected by the microcontroller. If the preheating phase lasts until the switching contact is switched for the first time by the temperature sensor or temperature control, the number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase is greater. If there is a short period until the switching contact is switched for the first time, the number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase is smaller, so that the power control phase also begins earlier.
  • the number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase can usually be between 1 and 10.
  • the amount of energy given to the muffle heater is advantageously determined by the additional switch, particularly advantageously only by the additional switch. So only the additional switch switches and not the switch contact, or the electromechanical temperature control is not used here, so to speak, since the switch contact simply remains closed.
  • a time interval of the clocking or the frequency of the clocking of the additional switch via the microcontroller per time is advantageously selected in a quantity that is close to the behavior of the switching contact during the temperature maintenance phase.
  • a cycle interval can be between two and five minutes, and the division within this interval between a single on-time and a single off-time is determined by the ratio ED.
  • FIG. 1 An oven 1 according to the invention is shown with an oven muffle 2, in which a muffle heater 3 is arranged below.
  • This can be electrical, but in principle it can function or be operated as desired.
  • the oven is controlled via an operating mode selector switch 11 with a rotary knob 14 on a front of the oven 1.
  • the operating mode selector switch 11 is connected to a signal display 19, for example to indicate when the oven is in operation and especially when it is in an energy-saving mode according to the invention is.
  • a temperature setting 21 with a rotary knob 22 is provided.
  • this is designed exactly as in the prior art, by turning the rotary knob 14, a temperature can be set by means of a temperature scale indicated on the front, which is then generated by the oven 1 in the oven muffle 2 by means of the operation of the muffle heater 3.
  • the muffle heater 3 is advantageously operated in a clocked manner when it is working electrically or with gas, namely by switching with full power on the one hand and zero power on the other hand.
  • Such devices for temperature adjustment are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a switching contact 24 is provided in a housing 23 of the temperature setting 21, the switching path of which can be adjusted by the rotary knob 22.
  • it is an oil which expands depending on the temperature, in particular depending on the temperature on the sensor tube 27, which according to the Fig. 1 is arranged at the top in the oven muffle 2.
  • Expansion socket 26, sensor tube 27 and capillary tube 28, with their action on the switching contact 24, therefore form an electromechanical temperature control for the muffle heater 3 or for the oven 1.
  • EP 962951 A2 referenced, in which the mode of operation together with the interaction with the rotary knob 22 is also explained.
  • a structure of the operating mode selector switch 11 is shown schematically, which has a housing 12.
  • a mode selector switch 11 is also constructed in accordance with the prior art.
  • By turning the rotary knob 14 different operating modes can be specified for the oven 1, namely electromechanically. This means that in various rotary positions, operating modes such as bottom heat, top heat, bottom heat plus top heat, grill, hot air or the like. can be adjusted.
  • the associated temperature or grill level is then set by the operator via the temperature setting 21.
  • a further rotational position is provided on the operating mode selector switch 11 in comparison to a conventionally designed operating mode selector switch with switching contacts for a method according to the invention or a previously described energy-saving mode.
  • an additional printed circuit board 15 is provided or fastened on the rear side of the operating mode selector switch 11, on which a controller 16 in the form of a microcontroller and a relay 17 are included as the aforementioned additional switch.
  • the additional circuit board 15 is connected to the operating mode selector switch 11 by means of connecting cables 18.
  • the operating mode selector switch 11 is of course connected to the temperature setting 21 by means of a cable (not shown) and to a mains connection of the oven.
  • the connection of the mode selector switch 11 or additional circuit board 15 and temperature setting 21 is such that the control 16 can check at an input whether the switch contact 24 is closed or if the muffle heater 3 is switched on. In the same way, the controller 16 detects when the muffle heater 3 is switched off by the switch contact 24.
  • the relay 17 is additionally connected to the control of the muffle heater 3 such that a series connection of relay 17 and switch contact 24 can be present, or such that the muffle heater 3 can be switched off by the relay 17 and the switch contact 24 by opening one of the two. To operate the muffle heater 3, relay 17 and switch contact 24 must be closed together.
  • the power control phase begins thereafter, ie from t 2 .
  • the muffle heating 3 controlled by clocking operation of relay 17.
  • the switch contact 24 is always closed due to the lower temperature.
  • the clocking operation is controlled with a constant ratio of on-time to off-time as ratio ED, as explained above, and no longer temperature-controlled as in the standard process. Above all, it is performance-controlled. It can be seen here how this cycle with the ED ratio takes place relatively quickly and in any case considerably more frequently than with the standard method, for example with a period of about 1 minute.
  • the switch-off time is approximately three times as long as the switch-on time, so that the ED ratio is approximately 25%.
  • This ED ratio could also be achieved and maintained with longer on-times and longer off-times. This selection can depend on and be determined by various aspects or can be programmed into the controller 16 and the corresponding microcontroller. Network interference can also be taken into account here, so that a minimum cycle time may have to be observed.
  • the advantage of the frequent clocking shown here is that the temperature of around 148 ° C reached in the steady state of the oven is kept down and up with only a few Kelvin deviation during the power control phase. Greater temperature deviations downwards, which could then possibly have an undesirable effect on the cooking result, depending on the food item G shown in dashed lines in the oven muffle 2, can be prevented in this way. Furthermore, since the energy-saving mode is not used as frequently as the switching contact 24 for clocking the temperature must otherwise, the relay 17 can switch relatively frequently without being excessively stressed on the life of the oven 1.
  • a curve of the output of the muffle heater 3 is shown schematically in part. The profile of the output or the clocking of the muffle heater is not shown for the standard method of temperature control during the entire cooking time, but it is also easy to imagine.
  • the food to be cooked has been removed from the oven muffle 2. Either the operator then switches this energy-saving mode off at the operating mode selector switch 11 or the entire oven is turned off at the rotary knob 22 of the temperature setting 21.
  • the power control phase is ended after a pre-programmed time. This time must be stored in the control. It can depend, for example, on the set oven temperature or on the duration of the preheating phase, on the basis of which the set oven temperature can be estimated.
  • a timer-controlled End of the power control phase can be provided so that, for example, the oven is always switched off after two or three hours in energy-saving mode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Anwendungsgebiet und Stand der TechnikField of application and state of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Backofens sowie einen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeigneten Backofen.The invention relates to a method for controlling an oven and an oven suitable for carrying out this method.

Verschiedene Verfahren zur Steuerung von Backöfen sind bekannt. Eher einfach ausgebildete Backofenmodelle weisen eine elektromechanische Temperaturregelung für eine Muffelheizung in einer Backofenmuffel auf. Diese weist eine Temperatureinstellung, vorteilhaft über ein mechanisches Bedienelement wie einen Drehschalter bzw. einen Drehsteller, einen mechanischen Temperaturfühler und einen Schaltkontakt auf. Der mechanische Temperaturfühler besteht häufig aus einem Rohrsystem, das mit einem temperaturabhängig ausdehnbaren Öl gefüllt ist und einen etwas größeren, mit dem Rohrsystem verbundenen und mit Öl gefüllten Körper in der Backofenmuffel als Temperaturfühler aufweist. Am anderen Ende ist das Rohrsystem mit einer sogenannten Ausdehnungsdose verbunden, siehe beispielsweise die EP 962951 A2 . Diese kann dadurch einen Schaltkontakt schalten, dass eine mittels der Temperatureinstellung durch eine Bedienperson eingestellte Temperatur in der Backofenmuffel erreicht ist. Dann taktet die Temperaturregelung sozusagen den Betrieb der Muffelheizung, um in etwa die eingestellte Temperatur in der Backofenmuffel zu halten.Various methods for controlling ovens are known. Rather simple oven models have an electromechanical temperature control for a muffle heater in an oven muffle. This has a temperature setting, advantageously via a mechanical control element such as a rotary switch or a rotary actuator, a mechanical temperature sensor and a switch contact. The mechanical temperature sensor often consists of a pipe system which is filled with a temperature-dependent expandable oil and has a slightly larger body connected to the pipe system and filled with oil in the oven muffle as a temperature sensor. At the other end, the pipe system is connected to a so-called expansion socket, see for example the EP 962951 A2 , This can switch a switching contact in such a way that a temperature set in the oven muffle by means of the temperature setting by an operator is reached. Then the temperature control cycles the operation of the muffle heater, so to speak, in order to maintain the set temperature in the oven muffle.

Aus der DE 10 2007 056 714 A1 sind ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Backofens sowie ein entsprechender Backofen bekannt, bei dem ein bestimmter Heizzyklus zum Sanftgaren mit verschiedenen Schritten vorgesehen ist. Diese Schritte umfassen das Aktivieren eines Heizkörpers zum Aufheizen des Garraums, um eine vorbestimmte Grenztemperatur zu erreichen. Dann wird eine Heizleistung des Heizkörpers heruntergeschaltet, um den Garraum unter die vorbestimmte Grenztemperatur abkühlen zu lassen. Anschließend erfolgt ein getaktetes Aktivieren des Heizkörpers mit einer vorbestimmten Taktungseigenschaft für ein vorbestimmtes Taktungs-Zeitintervall, um so den Garraum aufzuheizen, bis eine vorbestimmte Grenztemperatur erreicht ist. Bei diesem Sanftgaren wird Gargut über eine längere Zeit im Garraum mit relativ niedrigen Temperaturen, beispielsweise zwischen 75°C und 100°C, gegart. Hier wird nach Ablauf einer bestimmten Zeit beim ersten erneuten Einschalten eine niedrigere Temperatur angesteuert.From the DE 10 2007 056 714 A1 A method for operating an oven and a corresponding oven are known in which a certain heating cycle is provided for soft cooking with different steps. These steps include activating a heating element to heat the cooking space in order to reach a predetermined limit temperature. Then a heating power of the radiator is switched down in order to allow the cooking space to cool below the predetermined limit temperature. This is followed by a timed activation of the radiator with a predetermined timing property for a predetermined timing time interval in order to heat the cooking space until a predetermined limit temperature is reached. With this soft cooking, food is cooked for a long time in the cooking space at relatively low temperatures, for example between 75 ° C and 100 ° C. After a certain time, a lower temperature is activated when the device is switched on again for the first time.

Aus der DE 102 401 75 A1 ist ein weiteres Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Backofens bekannt, bei dem zuerst in einem Regelintervall eine Garraumtemperatur auf einen bestimmten Sollwert geregelt wird. Dann folgt ein Steuerintervall, in welchem dem Garraum des Backofens keine oder nur eine bestimmte Wärmemenge zugeführt wird. Nach dem Ende des Steuerintervalls wird dann die Garraumtemperatur in einer Nachregelung auf den vorgenannten Sollwert geregelt. Damit sollen ein Überschwingen sowie ein unnötig hoher Energieverbrauch vermieden werden.From the DE 102 401 75 A1 Another method for operating an oven is known, in which a cooking space temperature is first regulated to a specific setpoint in a control interval. Then there is a control interval in which the oven cavity does not or only a certain amount of heat is supplied. After the end of the control interval, the cooking space temperature is then readjusted to the aforementioned setpoint. This is intended to avoid overshoot and unnecessarily high energy consumption.

Aus der EP 2 251 607 A2 ist ein weiteres Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Backofens bekannt, wobei ein Energiesparmodus vorgesehen ist. Dabei wird nach Erreichen einer hohen Temperatur eine Reduzier-Zeitdauer gestartet, und während dieser wird die Heizeinrichtung in ihrer Leistung reduziert. Somit kann Energie eingespart werden, da ja gerade gegen Ende eines Garvorgangs wie beispielsweise des Backens eines Kuchens etwas weniger stark geheizt werden muss. Hier geht es nämlich in der Regel nur noch darum, Wärme in den Kern des Garguts einzubringen, während die äußeren Schichten und somit der größte Teil des Garguts bereits durchgegart ist.From the EP 2 251 607 A2 Another method for controlling an oven is known, an energy-saving mode being provided. After a high temperature has been reached, a reduction period is started, and during this the heating device is reduced in its output. In this way, energy can be saved, since heating towards the end of a cooking process, such as baking a cake, requires less heating. This is usually only a matter of introducing heat into the core of the food, while the outer layers and thus most of the food is already cooked through.

Aus der WO 03/056242 A1 ist schließlich ein nochmals weiteres Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Backofens bekannt. Dabei soll nach dem Aufheizen durch eine Art Heizpulse für eine Heizeinrichtung die Betriebstemperatur aufrechterhalten werden.From the WO 03/056242 A1 Finally, yet another method for controlling an oven is known. After heating up, the operating temperature is to be maintained by a type of heating pulse for a heating device.

Aufgabe und LösungTask and solution

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Backofens sowie einen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeigneten Backofen zu schaffen, mit denen Probleme des Stands der Technik vermieden werden können und es insbesondere möglich ist, auf einfache Art und Weise einen Backofen zu steuern und vor allem einen Backofen in einem Energiespar-Modus steuern zu können, ohne die Konstruktion bzw. den Aufbau des Backofens wesentlich ändern zu müssen.The invention has for its object to provide an above-mentioned method for controlling an oven and an oven suitable for carrying out this method, with which problems of the prior art can be avoided and in particular it is possible to easily an oven control and above all to be able to control an oven in an energy-saving mode without having to change the design or structure of the oven significantly.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch einen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens ausgebildeten Backofen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 14. Vorteilhafte sowie bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der weiteren Ansprüche und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. Dabei werden manche der Merkmale nur für das Verfahren oder nur für den Backofen genannt. Sie sollen jedoch unabhängig davon sowohl für das Verfahren als auch für den Backofen selbständig und unabhängig voneinander gelten können. Der Wortlaut der Ansprüche wird durch ausdrückliche Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by an oven designed to carry out this method having the features of claim 14. Advantageous and preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the further claims and are explained in more detail below. Some of the features are only mentioned for the process or only for the oven. However, they should be independent for both the process and the oven can apply independently. The wording of the claims is made the content of the description by express reference.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu steuernde Backofen eine Backofenmuffel, eine Muffelheizung und eine elektromechanische Temperaturregelung für die Muffelheizung aufweist. Die elektromechanische Temperaturregelung weist eine Temperatureinstellung, einen mechanischen Temperaturfühler und einen Schaltkontakt auf. Eine solche elektromechanische Temperaturregelung ist vorteilhaft ausgebildet wie im Stand der Technik beschrieben, beispielsweise in der vorgenannten EP 962951 A2 . Die elektromechanische Temperaturregelung ist dazu ausgebildet, in der Backofenmuffel mittels Ansteuerung der Muffelheizung, vorzugsweise durch ein vorgenanntes Takten, eine mechanisch an der Temperatureinstellung eingestellte Backofentemperatur einzustellen. Bei einem solchen Takten wird die Muffelheizung entweder mit voller Leistung betrieben oder aber ist ausgeschaltet.It is provided that the oven to be controlled with the method according to the invention has an oven muffle, a muffle heater and an electromechanical temperature control for the muffle heater. The electromechanical temperature control has a temperature setting, a mechanical temperature sensor and a switch contact. Such an electromechanical temperature control is advantageously designed as described in the prior art, for example in the aforementioned EP 962951 A2 , The electromechanical temperature control is designed to set an oven temperature set mechanically at the temperature setting in the oven muffle by controlling the muffle heater, preferably by means of a clocking operation. With such a cycle, the muffle heater is either operated at full power or is switched off.

Das Verfahren weist die folgenden Schritte auf. Zuerst wird ausgehend von einem kalten Backofen der Schaltkontakt geschlossen und so die Muffelheizung eingeschaltet. Dies beginnt also mit dem Heizbetrieb, und zwar wird die Backofenmuffel aufgeheizt für die Dauer einer sogenannten Vorheizphase. Die Vorheizphase wird beendet, wenn der mechanische Temperaturfühler das erste Mal anspricht und den Schaltkontakt öffnet. Dies erfolgt, weil eine Temperatur am mechanischen Temperaturfühler eine zu der eingestellten Backofentemperatur korrespondierende Schalttemperatur überschritten hat. Diese Schalttemperatur kann mit der eingestellten Temperatur übereinstimmen, muss dies aber nicht. Dies ist aber etwas, was beim Einstellen bzw. Justieren der elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung bei Herstellung im Werk erfolgt und deswegen keine Auswirkung hat für die Erfindung. Es geht jedenfalls um das erste Öffnen bzw. Schalten des Schaltkontakts durch den Temperaturfühler.The process has the following steps. First, starting from a cold oven, the switch contact is closed and the muffle heating switched on. This starts with the heating mode, namely the oven muffle is heated up for the duration of a so-called preheating phase. The preheating phase ends when the mechanical temperature sensor responds for the first time and the switch contact opens. This is because a temperature on the mechanical temperature sensor has exceeded a switching temperature corresponding to the oven temperature set. This switching temperature can match the set temperature, but it does not have to. However, this is something that occurs when setting or adjusting the electromechanical temperature control during manufacture in the factory and therefore has no effect on the invention. In any case, it is about the first opening or switching of the switching contact by the temperature sensor.

Als nächstes folgt nach der Vorheizphase, vorteilhaft direkt danach, eine Temperaturhaltephase. In dieser Temperaturhaltephase wird die Temperatur in der Backofenmuffel mittels Schalten des Schaltkontakts durch die elektromechanische Temperaturregelung bzw. durch den Temperaturfühler auf die eingestellte Backofentemperatur geregelt. Dies ist aber auch von üblichen elektromechanischen Backöfen bekannt. Dabei ist eine Dauer der Temperaturhaltephase entsprechend einer Anzahl von Schaltvorgängen des Schaltkontakts in einer Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung des Backofens abgespeichert. In der Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung wird dabei keine Zeit gemessen, um die Dauer der Temperaturhaltephase zu bestimmen. Vielmehr ist beispielsweise eine Anzahl von zehn Schaltvorgängen des Schaltkontakts in der Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung abgespeichert, so dass die Temperaturhaltephase also zehn Schaltvorgänge lang dauern soll. Vorteilhaft wird dabei jeweils einmal Einschalten als ein Schaltvorgang gewertet. Die Temperaturhaltephase ist vorteilhaft unterschiedlich von Null bzw. sie weist eine Mindestdauer auf, besonders vorteilhaft von mindestens einmal Einschalten der Muffelheizung.A temperature maintenance phase then follows after the preheating phase, advantageously directly afterwards. In this temperature maintenance phase, the temperature in the oven muffle is regulated to the set oven temperature by switching the switch contact by means of the electromechanical temperature control or by the temperature sensor. However, this is also known from conventional electromechanical ovens. A duration of the temperature maintenance phase corresponding to a number of switching operations of the switching contact is stored in a power control device of the oven. No time is measured in the power control device to determine the duration of the temperature maintenance phase. Rather, for example, a number of ten switching operations of the switching contact are stored in the power control device, so that the temperature maintenance phase is therefore ten switching operations long should last. Switching on once is advantageously evaluated as a switching operation. The temperature maintenance phase is advantageously different from zero or has a minimum duration, particularly advantageously of switching on the muffle heating at least once.

Ist vom Schaltkontakt die in der Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung abgespeicherte Anzahl von Schaltvorgängen durchgeführt worden endet die Temperaturhaltephase. Dann beginnt eine Leistungssteuerungsphase, vorteilhaft direkt danach, mit einem gleichbleibenden Verhältnis von Einschaltdauer zu Taktperiode, welches im Folgenden auch Verhältnis ED genannt wird. Eine Taktperiode besteht dabei aus einer Einschaltdauer und einer anschließenden Ausschaltdauer. Wurde während der Temperaturhaltephase die Temperatur auf die eingestellte Backofentemperatur geregelt, wird in der Leistungssteuerungsphase nur noch die in den Backofen eingebrachte Leistung gesteuert. Das vorab bestimmte und anschließend in der Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung hinterlegte Verhältnis ED wird dazu genutzt, einen zusätzlich in die Ansteuerung der Muffelheizung geschalteten Zusatz-Schalter so anzusteuern zum Einschalten und zum Ausschalten der Muffelheizung, dass nur der Zusatz-Schalter die Muffelheizung schaltet und nicht mehr der vorgenannte Schaltkontakt während der Temperaturhaltephase. Dieser Schaltkontakt ist immer geschlossen.If the number of switching operations stored in the power control device has been carried out by the switching contact, the temperature maintenance phase ends. Then a power control phase begins, advantageously immediately afterwards, with a constant ratio of duty cycle to clock period, which is also referred to below as the ratio ED. A cycle period consists of a duty cycle and a subsequent shutdown period. If the temperature was regulated to the set oven temperature during the temperature maintenance phase, only the power that is put into the oven is controlled in the power control phase. The previously determined ratio ED, which is then stored in the power control device, is used to control an additional switch that is additionally connected to the control of the muffle heating so that the muffle heating is switched on and off so that only the additional switch switches the muffle heating and not anymore the aforementioned switch contact during the temperature maintenance phase. This switch contact is always closed.

Dabei wird das Verhältnis ED so gewählt, dass eine sich im eingeschwungenen Zustand des Backofens einstellende Temperatur während der Leistungssteuerungsphase unterhalb der Soll-Temperatur liegt, so dass der Backofen bzw. die Backofenmuffel also eine unter der eingestellten Backofentemperatur liegende Temperatur aufweist. Somit kann Energie eingespart werden während der Leistungssteuerungsphase im Vergleich zur vorbeschriebenen Temperaturhaltephase sowie im Vergleich zu einem Dauerbetrieb des Backofens mit der Backofentemperatur. Bei der Erfindung geht es also im Kern im Wesentlichen darum, mit einer einfachen elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung ohne genaues Erfassen der tatsächlich im Backofen bzw. in der Backofenmuffel herrschenden Temperatur einen Betrieb mit einer Temperatur zu bewirken, die etwas unterhalb der eingestellten Backofentemperatur liegt. Es wird ausgehend von einem kalten Backofen die Dauer der Vorheizphase gemessen, also bis zum ersten Schalten des Schaltkontakts, und wenn diese nur relativ kurz gedauert hat, so liegt erwartungsgemäß eine geringere eingestellte Backofentemperatur vor. Dauert die Vorheizphase länger, bis also der Backofen auf ungefähr die gewünschte eingestellte Backofentemperatur aufgeheizt ist, so liegt die eingestellte Backofentemperatur wohl höher. In der Leistungssteuerungsphase wird auch nicht mehr auf eine genaue eingestellte Temperatur geregelt, sondern es wird eine genau definierte Leistung zugeführt, es wird also sozusagen nur noch gesteuert bzw. Leistungsgesteuert.The ratio ED is chosen so that a temperature that is established in the steady state of the oven during the power control phase is below the target temperature, so that the oven or the oven muffle therefore has a temperature below the set oven temperature. Energy can thus be saved during the power control phase in comparison to the above-described temperature maintenance phase and in comparison to continuous operation of the oven at the oven temperature. In essence, the essence of the invention is to use simple electromechanical temperature control without precise detection of the temperature actually prevailing in the oven or in the oven muffle to effect operation at a temperature which is somewhat below the set oven temperature. Starting from a cold oven, the duration of the preheating phase is measured, i.e. until the switching contact is switched for the first time, and if this only lasted for a relatively short time, the oven temperature set is, as expected, lower. If the preheating phase takes longer until the oven is heated to approximately the desired oven temperature, the oven temperature is probably higher. In the power control phase, it is no longer regulated to an exactly set temperature, but rather a precisely defined power is supplied, so that it is only controlled or power controlled, so to speak.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die sich im eingeschwungenen Zustand des Backofens einstellende Temperatur während der Leistungssteuerungsphase, also die im Vergleich zur Soll-Temperatur abgesenkte Temperatur, zwischen 10K und 40K unterhalb dieser Soll-Temperatur liegen. Vorteilhaft können es zwischen 12K und 25K sein. Eine solche Temperaturabsenkung bewirkt eine nur unmerkliche Veränderung des Garergebnisses, so dass ein in dem Backofen durchgeführter Gar- oder Backvorgang im Wesentlichen so abläuft, wie von einer Bedienperson gewünscht. Evtl. dauert der Gar- oder Backvorgang etwas länger. Gleichzeitig kann dadurch aber eine erhebliche Menge an Energie eingespart werden.In an embodiment of the invention, the temperature which arises in the steady state of the oven during the power control phase, that is to say the temperature which is reduced in comparison with the target temperature, can be between 10K and 40K below this target temperature. It can be advantageous between 12K and 25K. Such a lowering of temperature causes an only imperceptible change in the cooking result, so that a cooking or baking process carried out in the oven essentially proceeds as desired by an operator. Possibly. the cooking or baking process takes a little longer. At the same time, however, a considerable amount of energy can be saved.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die elektromechanische Temperaturregelung einen Thermostaten auf, der besonders vorteilhaft ein mit einem sich temperaturabhängig ausdehnenden Öl versehener Thermostat ist. Derartige Thermostate sind aber aus dem vorgenannten Stand der Technik bekannt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electromechanical temperature control has a thermostat which is particularly advantageously a thermostat provided with an oil which expands depending on the temperature. Such thermostats are known from the aforementioned prior art.

Bei der Erfindung weist die Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung eine Zusatz-Leiterplatte auf mit einem Microcontroller darauf für eine Steuerung der Leistungs-Steuereinrichtung und für Timerfunktionen sowie mit dem Zusatz-Schalter. Diese Bauteile sind also auf der Zusatz-Leiterplatte vorgesehen. Sie wird so angeschlossen, dass bevorzugt der Zusatz-Schalter in Serie zum Schaltkontakt der elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung angeschlossen ist, besonders bevorzugt davor. Somit kann ein Heizbetrieb der Muffelheizung von einem der beiden Schalter allein unterbrochen werden. Des Weiteren kann bei geschlossenem Schaltkontakt auch nur der Zusatz-Schalter, wie zuvor erläutert worden ist, die Muffelheizung auf einfache Art und Weise einschalten und ausschalten. Diese Zusatz-Leiterplatte ist ein Teil, das dann in einen erfindungsgemäßen Backofen eingebaut ist. Ein nachträglicher Einbau in einen Backofen, beispielsweise wenn er schon bei einer Bedienperson in der Küche eingebaut ist, ist unter Umständen zu aufwändig. Wie aber zuvor angesprochen worden ist, kann eine an sich bestehende Konstruktion eines Backofens damit leicht werksseitig ergänzt werden. Weist der Backofen einen Betriebsartenwahlschalter auf, wie er eingangs genannt worden ist, der auch zum Starten des Verfahrens verwendet werden kann, so kann eine Zusatz-Leiterplatte vorteilhaft an dem Betriebsartenwahlschalter selbst befestigt werden, besonders vorteilhaft an dessen hinterem Ende. Somit braucht sich am elektrischen Anschluss eigentlich nicht viel zu ändern, insbesondere muss nicht an einer sonstigen Steuerung oder an sonstigen Schalteinrichtungen des Backofens eine Veränderung vorgenommen werden. Des Weiteren muss auch nichts am Sicherheitskonzept des Backofens oder an Zulassungen geändert werden, da die Abschaltfunktion des temperaturgesteuerten Schaltkontakts ja nicht geändert wird. Der Zusatz-Schalter schaltet nur einfach früher bzw. bei niedrigeren Temperaturen als der eingestellten Backofentemperatur, so dass der eigentliche Schaltkontakt nicht zum Schalten kommt. Sollte der Zusatz-Schalter aber versagen oder beispielsweise nicht mehr öffnen, so kann durch die Serienschaltung der beiden Schalter ein Abschalten der Muffelheizung durch den Schaltkontakt auf alle Fälle erfolgen. Des Weiteren wird in einem solchen Fehlerfall ein unsicherer Gerätezustand durch mindestens einen im bekannten Backofen bereits standardmäßig vorhandenen Sicherheitstemperaturbegrenzer vermieden.In the invention, the power control device has an additional printed circuit board with a microcontroller thereon for controlling the power control device and for timer functions and with the additional switch. These components are therefore provided on the additional circuit board. It is connected in such a way that the additional switch is preferably connected in series with the switching contact of the electromechanical temperature control, particularly preferably before. Thus, heating operation of the muffle heater can be interrupted by one of the two switches alone. Furthermore, when the switch contact is closed, only the additional switch, as previously explained, can switch the muffle heater on and off in a simple manner. This additional circuit board is a part that is then installed in an oven according to the invention. Subsequent installation in an oven, for example if it is already installed by an operator in the kitchen, may be too complex. However, as previously mentioned, an existing oven construction can easily be supplemented at the factory. If the oven has an operating mode selector switch, as it was mentioned at the beginning, which can also be used to start the method, an additional printed circuit board can advantageously be attached to the operating mode selector switch itself, particularly advantageously at the rear end thereof. This means that there is not really much to change in the electrical connection; in particular, there is no need to make any changes to any other control or other switching devices in the oven. Furthermore, nothing needs to be changed in the safety concept of the oven or in approvals, since the switch-off function of the temperature-controlled switch contact is not changed. The additional switch only switches earlier or at lower temperatures than the set one Oven temperature so that the actual switch contact does not switch. However, should the additional switch fail or, for example, no longer open, the muffle heating can be switched off by the switching contact by connecting the two switches in series. Furthermore, in such a fault situation, an unsafe device status is avoided by at least one safety temperature limiter that is already standard in the known oven.

In dem genannten Energiespar-Modus kann der Microcontroller den Backofen für eine bestimmte Zeit in bzw. mit der Leistungssteuerungsphase betreiben. Vorteilhaft wird der Backofen so lange in dem Energiespar-Modus bzw. in der Leistungssteuerungsphase betrieben, bis er von der Bedienperson entweder ganz ausgeschaltet wird oder aber bis der Energiespar-Modus beendet wird, vorteilhaft wieder durch einen Schaltvorgang am genannten Betriebsartenwahlschalter. Es kann zwar anhand der Dauer der Vorheizphase erkannt werden, ob die Backofenmuffel auf eine eher hohe oder eine eher niedrige Temperatur aufgeheizt wird. Bei einer langen Vorheizphase kann auf eine eher hohe eingestellte Temperatur und bei einer kurzen Vorheizphase auf eine eher niedrige eingestellte Temperatur geschlossen werden. In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann also die Dauer der Leistungssteuerungsphase in Abhängigkeit von der Dauer der Vorheizphase bemessen werden. Dabei kann dann vorteilhaft angenommen werden, dass bei einem Aufheizen auf eine relativ hohe Temperatur auch die Leistungssteuerungsphase relativ kurz dauern soll und bei einem Aufheizen auf eine relativ niedrige Temperatur auch die Leistungssteuerungsphase relativ lang dauern soll.In the energy-saving mode mentioned, the microcontroller can operate the oven for a certain time in or with the power control phase. The oven is advantageously operated in the energy-saving mode or in the power control phase until it is either completely switched off by the operator or until the energy-saving mode is ended, advantageously again by a switching operation on the operating mode selector switch mentioned. It can be recognized from the duration of the preheating phase whether the oven muffle is heated to a rather high or a rather low temperature. In the case of a long preheating phase, it can be concluded that the temperature is rather high and in the case of a short preheating phase that the temperature is rather low. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the duration of the power control phase can therefore be dimensioned as a function of the duration of the preheating phase. It can then be advantageously assumed that the power control phase should also be relatively short when heating to a relatively high temperature and that the power control phase should also be relatively long when heating to a relatively low temperature.

Zum Beenden des Energiespar-Modus kann entweder vorgesehen sein, dass die Bedienperson diesen Energiespar-Modus abschaltet, beispielsweise am Betriebsartenwahlschalter oder an einem Bedienelement der Temperatureinstellung, wodurch ggf. der ganze Backofen ausgeschaltet werden könnte. Alternativ kann in der Steuerung einprogrammiert sein, dass die Leistungssteuerungsphase bzw. der Energiespar-Modus nach einer vorprogrammierten Zeit beendet wird. Diese Zeit ist dann in der Steuerung hinterlegt. Sie kann beispielsweise von der eingestellten Backofentemperatur abhängen, welche ja ungefähr erkannt oder abgeschätzt werden kann wie zuvor beschrieben. In einer nochmals weiteren Alternative kann eine timergesteuerte Beendigung der Leistungssteuerungsphase vorgesehen sein, so dass beispielsweise im Energiespar-Modus der Backofen immer nach zwei oder maximal drei Stunden ausgeschaltet wird.To end the energy-saving mode, it can either be provided that the operator switches off this energy-saving mode, for example on the operating mode selector switch or on an operating element of the temperature setting, which could possibly turn off the entire oven. Alternatively, it can be programmed into the control system that the power control phase or the energy-saving mode is ended after a pre-programmed time. This time is then stored in the control. It can depend, for example, on the set oven temperature, which can be roughly recognized or estimated as described above. In yet another alternative, a timer-controlled termination of the power control phase can be provided, so that, for example, in the energy-saving mode, the oven is always switched off after two or a maximum of three hours.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Zusatz-Schalter als Relais ausgebildet. Dadurch kann er leicht von dem genannten Microcontroller samt einfacher Ansteuerung angesteuert werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the additional switch is designed as a relay. As a result, it can be easily controlled by the aforementioned microcontroller including simple control.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Microcontroller über einen eigenen Eingang erkennen, ob und wann die Temperaturregelung die Muffelheizung über den Schaltkontakt einschaltet und ausschaltet. So kann der Microcontroller eben nach einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Schaltvorgängen der Temperaturhaltephase die Leistungssteuerungsphase starten.In an embodiment of the invention, the microcontroller can recognize via its own input whether and when the temperature control switches the muffle heating on and off via the switch contact. The microcontroller can thus start the power control phase just after a predetermined number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmöglichkeit für das Verfahren ist vorgesehen, dass die Anzahl der Schaltvorgänge während der Temperaturhaltephase abhängt von einer Dauer der Vorheizphase, die ja vom Microcontroller erfasst werden kann. Bei langer Dauer der Vorheizphase bis zum ersten Schalten des Schaltkontakts durch den Temperaturfühler bzw. die Temperaturregelung ist die Anzahl der Schaltvorgänge in der Temperaturhaltephase größer. Bei kurzer Dauer bis zum ersten Schalten des Schaltkontakts ist die Anzahl der Schaltvorgänge in der Temperaturhaltephase kleiner, so dass die Leistungssteuerungsphase auch früher beginnt. Üblicherweise kann die Anzahl der Schaltvorgänge in der Temperaturhaltephase zwischen 1 und 10 liegen.In one possibility of working for the method according to the invention it is provided that the number of switching operations during the temperature maintenance phase depends on a duration of the preheating phase, which can be detected by the microcontroller. If the preheating phase lasts until the switching contact is switched for the first time by the temperature sensor or temperature control, the number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase is greater. If there is a short period until the switching contact is switched for the first time, the number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase is smaller, so that the power control phase also begins earlier. The number of switching operations in the temperature maintenance phase can usually be between 1 and 10.

Vorteilhaft wird in der Leistungssteuerungsphase die Menge der an die Muffelheizung gegebenen Energie durch den Zusatz-Schalter bestimmt, besonders vorteilhaft nur durch den Zusatz-Schalter. Es schaltet also nur der Zusatz-Schalter und nicht der Schaltkontakt, bzw. die elektromechanische Temperaturregelung kommt hier sozusagen gar nicht zum Einsatz, da der Schaltkontakt einfach geschlossen bleibt.In the power control phase, the amount of energy given to the muffle heater is advantageously determined by the additional switch, particularly advantageously only by the additional switch. So only the additional switch switches and not the switch contact, or the electromechanical temperature control is not used here, so to speak, since the switch contact simply remains closed.

Weitere Randbedingungen für einen Betrieb können vorsehen, dass bei einer Abfolge von Schaltvorgängen während der Temperaturhaltephase mit tendentiell kürzeren bzw. relativ kurzen Taktperioden und eher großem ED eine hohe thermische Last in der Backofenmuffel angenommen wird. Dies bedeutet, dass sich voraussichtlich ein Gargut mit großer Masse in der Muffel befindet bzw. ein Gargut, das eine relativ große Wärmekapazität aufweist und daher der Backofen in der Temperaturhaltephase mehr Energie in die Muffel geben muss. In ähnlicher Form kann eine Abfolge von Schaltvorgängen während der Temperaturhaltephase mit tendentiell längeren bzw. relativ langen Taktperioden und tendentiell kleinerem bzw. relativ kleinem ED eine geringe thermische Last in der Muffel angenommen wird. Dies bedeutet, dass sich voraussichtlich ein Gargut mit kleiner Masse in der Muffel befindet bzw. ein Gargut, das eine relativ kleine Wärmekapazität aufweist und daher der Backofen in der Temperaturhaltephase weniger Energie in die Muffel geben muss. Dies kann über die Anzahl und Dauer der Ein- und Ausschaltvorgänge des Schaltkontakts pro Zeiteinheit vom vorgenannten Microcontroller erfasst werden und als mögliche Information zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses ED für die anschließende Leistungssteuerungsphase verwendet werden.Further boundary conditions for operation can provide that a high thermal load in the oven muffle is assumed for a sequence of switching operations during the temperature maintenance phase with tendentially shorter or relatively short cycle periods and rather large ED. This means that there is likely to be a food to be cooked with a large mass in the muffle or a food to be cooked that has a relatively large heat capacity and therefore the oven must give more energy to the muffle during the temperature maintenance phase. In a similar form, a sequence of switching operations during the temperature maintenance phase with tend to be longer or relatively long cycle periods and tend to be smaller or relatively small ED a small thermal load in the muffle can be assumed. This means that there is likely to be a food to be cooked with a small mass in the muffle or a food to be cooked that has a relatively small heat capacity and therefore the oven is in the temperature maintenance phase has to put less energy into the muffle. This can be recorded by the aforementioned microcontroller via the number and duration of the switching contact switching operations on and off and can be used as possible information for determining the ratio ED for the subsequent power control phase.

Neben dem reinen Verhältnis ED wird vorteilhaft ein zeitlicher Abstand des Taktens bzw. die Häufigkeit des Taktens des Zusatz-Schalters über den Microcontroller pro Zeit in einer Größe gewählt, die nahe an dem Verhalten des Schaltkontakts während der der Temperaturhaltephase liegt. So kann beispielsweise ein Taktintervall zwischen zwei und fünf Minuten liegen, und die Aufteilung innerhalb dieses Intervalls zwischen einer einzigen Einschaltdauer und einer einzigen Ausschaltdauer wird eben durch das Verhältnis ED bestimmt.In addition to the pure ratio ED, a time interval of the clocking or the frequency of the clocking of the additional switch via the microcontroller per time is advantageously selected in a quantity that is close to the behavior of the switching contact during the temperature maintenance phase. For example, a cycle interval can be between two and five minutes, and the division within this interval between a single on-time and a single off-time is determined by the ratio ED.

Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Backofens zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte schematische Darstellung eines Betriebsartenwahlschalters mit einer Zusatz-Leiterplatte samt Steuerung und Relais für den erfindungsgemäßen Energiespar-Modus,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Temperatureinstellung mit elektromechanischer Temperaturregelung gemäß dem Stand der Technik und
Fig. 4
ein Diagramm des Verlaufs von Temperatur und Leistung in einem Backofen bei Betrieb mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einerseits und bei Betrieb gemäß dem Stand der Technik andererseits.
An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. The drawings show:
Fig.1
2 shows a schematic representation of an oven according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows an enlarged schematic illustration of an operating mode selector switch with an additional printed circuit board including control and relay for the energy-saving mode according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a temperature setting with electromechanical temperature control according to the prior art and
Fig. 4
a diagram of the course of temperature and power in an oven when operating with the inventive method on the one hand and when operating according to the prior art on the other.

Detaillierte Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDetailed description of the embodiment

In der Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Backofen 1 dargestellt mit einer Backofenmuffel 2, in der unten eine Muffelheizung 3 angeordnet ist. Diese kann elektrisch sein, aber auch im Prinzip beliebig funktionieren bzw. betrieben werden. Gesteuert wird der Backofen über einen Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 mit einem Drehknebel 14 an einer Vorderseite des Backofens 1. Der Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 ist mit einer Signalanzeige 19 verbunden, beispielsweise um anzuzeigen, wenn der Backofen in Betrieb ist und vor allem wenn er in einem erfindungsgemäßen Energiespar-Modus ist.In the Fig. 1 An oven 1 according to the invention is shown with an oven muffle 2, in which a muffle heater 3 is arranged below. This can be electrical, but in principle it can function or be operated as desired. The oven is controlled via an operating mode selector switch 11 with a rotary knob 14 on a front of the oven 1. The operating mode selector switch 11 is connected to a signal display 19, for example to indicate when the oven is in operation and especially when it is in an energy-saving mode according to the invention is.

Neben dem Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 ist eine Temperatureinstellung 21 mit Drehknebel 22 vorgesehen. Diese ist im Prinzip genau wie im Stand der Technik ausgebildet, durch Drehen an dem Drehknebel 14 kann eine Temperatur mittels einer an der Vorderseite angegebenen Temperaturskala eingestellt werden, welche dann vom dem Backofen 1 in der Backofenmuffel 2 mittels Betrieb der Muffelheizung 3 erzeugt wird. Dabei wird die Muffelheizung 3 vorteilhaft taktend betrieben, wenn sie elektrisch oder mit Gas arbeitet, und zwar durch Schalten mit voller Leistung einerseits und Null-Leistung andererseits. Derartige Geräte zur Temperatureinstellung sind dem Fachmann jedoch bekannt.In addition to the operating mode selector switch 11, a temperature setting 21 with a rotary knob 22 is provided. In principle, this is designed exactly as in the prior art, by turning the rotary knob 14, a temperature can be set by means of a temperature scale indicated on the front, which is then generated by the oven 1 in the oven muffle 2 by means of the operation of the muffle heater 3. The muffle heater 3 is advantageously operated in a clocked manner when it is working electrically or with gas, namely by switching with full power on the one hand and zero power on the other hand. Such devices for temperature adjustment are known to the person skilled in the art.

In der zugehörigen Fig. 3 ist dargestellt, wie in einem Gehäuse 23 der Temperatureinstellung 21 ein Schaltkontakt 24 vorgesehen ist, dessen Schaltweg durch den Drehknebel 22 verstellt werden kann. Auf den Schaltkontakt 24 wirkt auch eine Ausdehnungsdose 26 eines mechanischen Temperaturfühlers in Form eines Fühlerrohrs 27, das mittels eines Kapillarröhrchens 28 mit der Ausdehnungsdose 26 verbunden ist. Darin befindet sich ein Öl, welches sich in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur ausdehnt, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur am Fühlerrohr 27, welches gemäß der Fig. 1 oben in der Backofenmuffel 2 angeordnet ist. Ausdehnungsdose 26, Fühlerrohr 27 und Kapillarrohr 28 bilden mit ihrer Einwirkung auf den Schaltkontakt 24 also eine elektromechanische Temperaturregelung für die Muffelheizung 3 bzw. für den Backofen 1. Zur genaueren Funktion wird auf die eingangs genannte EP 962951 A2 verwiesen, in der auch die Funktionsweise samt dem Zusammenwirken mit dem Drehknebel 22 erläutert wird.In the associated Fig. 3 shows how a switching contact 24 is provided in a housing 23 of the temperature setting 21, the switching path of which can be adjusted by the rotary knob 22. An expansion socket 26 of a mechanical temperature sensor in the form of a sensor tube 27, which is connected to the expansion socket 26 by means of a capillary tube 28, also acts on the switching contact 24. In it is an oil which expands depending on the temperature, in particular depending on the temperature on the sensor tube 27, which according to the Fig. 1 is arranged at the top in the oven muffle 2. Expansion socket 26, sensor tube 27 and capillary tube 28, with their action on the switching contact 24, therefore form an electromechanical temperature control for the muffle heater 3 or for the oven 1. For more precise function, reference is made to the one mentioned at the beginning EP 962951 A2 referenced, in which the mode of operation together with the interaction with the rotary knob 22 is also explained.

In der Fig. 2 ist schematisch ein Aufbau des Betriebsartenwahlschalters 11 dargestellt, der ein Gehäuse 12 aufweist. Im Prinzip ist ein solcher Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 auch gemäß dem Stand der Technik aufgebaut. Durch Drehen an dem Drehknebel 14 können unterschiedliche Betriebsarten für den Backofen 1 vorgegeben werden, und zwar elektromechanisch. Das heißt, dass in verschiedenen Drehpositionen Betriebsarten wie Unterhitze, Oberhitze, Unterhitze plus Oberhitze, Grill, Heißluft odgl. eingestellt werden können. Die zugehörige Temperatur bzw. Grillstufe wird dann über die Temperatureinstellung 21 von einer Bedienperson eingestellt. Bei der Erfindung ist an dem Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 im Vergleich zu einem konventionell ausgebildeten Betriebsartenwahlschalter eine weitere Drehposition vorgesehen mit Schaltkontakten für ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren bzw. einen vorbeschriebenen Energiespar-Modus. Dazu ist an der Rückseite des Betriebsartenwahlschalters 11 eine Zusatz-Leiterplatte 15 vorgesehen bzw. befestigt, auf der eine Steuerung 16 in Form eines Microcontrollers und ein Relais 17 als vorgenannter Zusatz-Schalter enthalten sind. Die Zusatz-Leiterplatte 15 ist mittels Anschlusskabeln 18 mit dem Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 verbunden. Des Weiteren ist natürlich der Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 mit der Temperatureinstellung 21 mittels nicht dargestellter Kabel verbunden sowie mit einem Netzanschluss des Backofens. Die Verbindung von Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 bzw. Zusatz-Leiterplatte 15 und Temperatureinstellung 21 ist derart, dass die Steuerung 16 an einem Eingang überprüfen kann, ob der Schaltkontakt 24 geschlossen ist bzw. wenn die Muffelheizung 3 eingeschaltet ist. Genauso erfasst die Steuerung 16, wenn die Muffelheizung 3 vom Schaltkontakt 24 ausgeschaltet wird.In the Fig. 2 a structure of the operating mode selector switch 11 is shown schematically, which has a housing 12. In principle, such a mode selector switch 11 is also constructed in accordance with the prior art. By turning the rotary knob 14 different operating modes can be specified for the oven 1, namely electromechanically. This means that in various rotary positions, operating modes such as bottom heat, top heat, bottom heat plus top heat, grill, hot air or the like. can be adjusted. The associated temperature or grill level is then set by the operator via the temperature setting 21. In the invention, a further rotational position is provided on the operating mode selector switch 11 in comparison to a conventionally designed operating mode selector switch with switching contacts for a method according to the invention or a previously described energy-saving mode. For this purpose, an additional printed circuit board 15 is provided or fastened on the rear side of the operating mode selector switch 11, on which a controller 16 in the form of a microcontroller and a relay 17 are included as the aforementioned additional switch. The additional circuit board 15 is connected to the operating mode selector switch 11 by means of connecting cables 18. Furthermore, the operating mode selector switch 11 is of course connected to the temperature setting 21 by means of a cable (not shown) and to a mains connection of the oven. The connection of the mode selector switch 11 or additional circuit board 15 and temperature setting 21 is such that the control 16 can check at an input whether the switch contact 24 is closed or if the muffle heater 3 is switched on. In the same way, the controller 16 detects when the muffle heater 3 is switched off by the switch contact 24.

Das Relais 17 ist zusätzlich in die Ansteuerung der Muffelheizung 3 geschaltet derart, dass eine Serienschaltung von Relais 17 und Schaltkontakt 24 vorliegen kann bzw. derart, dass die Muffelheizung 3 von dem Relais 17 und dem Schaltkontakt 24 abgeschaltet werden kann durch Öffnen eines der beiden. Zum Betrieb der Muffelheizung 3 müssen Relais 17 und Schaltkontakt 24 gemeinsam geschlossen sein.The relay 17 is additionally connected to the control of the muffle heater 3 such that a series connection of relay 17 and switch contact 24 can be present, or such that the muffle heater 3 can be switched off by the relay 17 and the switch contact 24 by opening one of the two. To operate the muffle heater 3, relay 17 and switch contact 24 must be closed together.

Beim Betrieb des Backofens 11 gemäß Verfahren, wie sie in der Fig. 4 gezeigt sind, hat eine Bedienperson am Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 eine beliebige Betriebsart außer dem Energiespar-Modus eingestellt, beispielsweise Betrieb mit Unterhitze mittels der Muffelheizung 3 und mit einer Temperatur von 185°C durch Einstellen der Temperatureinstellung 21. Zum Zeitpunkt t = 0 sind Relais 17 sowie Schaltkontakt 24 geschlossen und die Muffelheizung 3 beginnt das Heizen. Dann steigt die Temperatur an, bis zu einem Zeitpunkt t1 von etwa 8,2 Minuten eine eingestellte Temperatur von 185°C etwas überschritten worden ist, nämlich etwa 205°C vorliegen. Diese Einschaltverzögerung kann aufgrund der bekannten Trägheit der elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung vorliegen. Nach Ausschalten der Muffelheizung 3 durch Öffnen des Schaltkontakts 24, auf den die Ausdehnungsdose 26 einwirkt, fällt die Temperatur ab auf etwa 180°C. Dann schaltet die Ausdehnungsdose 26 den Schaltkontakt 24 wieder ein, es liegt wieder volle Leistung an der Muffelheizung 3 an und die Temperatur steigt wieder. Dies erfolgt beim normalen Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik, wie mit der dicken Linie dargestellt ist, einige Male mit einer Taktdauer von etwa 3,4 Minuten. Zum Zeitpunkt von etwa 40,5 Minuten wurde ein Gargut aus dem Backofen 1 genommen. Durch Öffnen einer Tür der Backofenmuffel 2 fällt die Temperatur deutlich ab, steigt dann aber wieder an aufgrund der weiteren Beheizung. In diesem Fall ist angenommen, dass der Garvorgang bzw. das Beheizen auch nach Herausnehmen des Gargutes noch nicht vom Anwender beendet wurde. Hier dauert eine Taktdauer dann aber länger als zuvor, da nun ja keine thermische Last mehr in der Backofenmuffel 2 vorhanden ist, siehe die obigen Erläuterungen, die Taktdauer kann dann bei etwa 4,5 Minuten liegen. Da an der Temperatureinstellung 21 aber nichts geändert worden ist, variiert die Temperatur weiterhin um die eingestellte Temperatur von 185°C.When operating the oven 11 according to the method as in the Fig. 4 an operator has set any operating mode other than the energy-saving mode, for example operation with bottom heat by means of the muffle heater 3 and at a temperature of 185 ° C. by setting the temperature setting 21. At time t = 0, relays 17 and Switch contact 24 closed and the muffle heater 3 starts heating. The temperature then rises until a set temperature of 185 ° C. has been exceeded somewhat, namely approximately 205 ° C., at a time t 1 of approximately 8.2 minutes. This switch-on delay can be due to the known inertia of the electromechanical temperature control. After switching off the muffle heating 3 by opening the switching contact 24, on which the expansion socket 26 acts, the temperature drops to approximately 180 ° C. Then the expansion box 26 switches the switch contact 24 back on, full power is again on the muffle heater 3 and the temperature rises again. In the normal prior art method, as shown by the thick line, this is done a few times with a cycle time of about 3.4 minutes. At the time of about 40.5 minutes, a food to be cooked was removed from the oven 1. By opening a door of the oven muffle 2, the temperature drops significantly, but then rises again due to the further heating. In this case it is assumed that the cooking process or the heating has not yet been completed by the user even after the food has been removed. Here, however, a cycle time then takes longer than before, since there is no longer any thermal load in the oven muffle 2, see the explanations above, the cycle time can then be approximately 4.5 minutes. Since nothing has been changed in temperature setting 21, the temperature continues to vary by the set temperature of 185 ° C.

Mit der dünnen Linie ist der Verlauf der Temperatur beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dargestellt, passend dazu sind die Schaltzustände der Muffelheizung 3 unten dargestellt bezogen auf die Leistung P an der rechten senkrechten Achse. Hier ist also der Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 auf einen Energiespar-Modus gestellt worden, bei dem auch die Muffelheizung 3 betrieben wird, und Betrieb mit Unterhitze mittels der Muffelheizung 3 und mit einer Temperatur von 185°C. Der Aufheizvorgang als Vorheizphase läuft genau gleich ab. Zum Zeitpunkt t1 = 8,2 Minuten wird zum ersten Mal die Muffelheizung 3 ausgeschaltet. Diese Zeit t1 erfasst die Steuerung 16 und schließt daraus auf die Höhe der in etwa eingestellten Temperatur der Temperatureinstellung 21. Schließlich liegt dieser Wert in der Steuerung 16 nicht vor bzw. er kann von dieser nicht erfasst werden, da es sich ja um eine elektromechanische Temperatureinstellung 21 handelt ohne Temperaturfühler mit Ausgabe eines konkreten Temperaturwertes. Des Weiteren ist in der Steuerung 16 beispielhaft einprogrammiert, dass der Schaltkontakt 24 nach dem Zeitpunkt t1 genau einmal wieder einschalten soll und dann genau einmal ausschalten soll. Wenn dann das nächste Mal wieder ein Einschalten nötig wäre beim Zeitpunkt t2 = 13,3 Minuten, weil die Temperatur die eigentliche Ansprech-Temperatur der elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung am Fühlerrohr 27 unterschritten hat, so schaltet der Schaltkontakt 24 zwar ein bzw. schließt. Die Steuerung 16 hat allerdings das Relais 17 als Zusatz-Schalter geöffnet, beispielsweise auch bereits gleichzeitig mit Öffnen des Schaltkontakts 24 oder durch dieses Öffnen veranlasst, so dass die Temperatur zunächst weiter absinkt, also nicht beheizt wird. Während also die Vorheizphase bis zur Zeit t1 gedauert hat und die Temperaturhaltephase von t1 bis t2, hier also nur etwa 5 Minuten, beginnt danach, also ab t2, die vorbeschriebene erfindungsgemäße Leistungssteuerungsphase. In dieser Leistungssteuerungsphase wird die Muffelheizung 3 durch taktenden Betrieb vom Relais 17 angesteuert. Der Schaltkontakt 24 ist dabei stets aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperatur geschlossen.The course of the temperature in the method according to the invention is shown with the thin line; the switching states of the muffle heater 3 are shown below in relation to the power P on the right vertical axis. So here the operating mode selector switch 11 has been set to an energy-saving mode, in which the muffle heater 3 is also operated, and operation with bottom heat by means of the muffle heater 3 and at a temperature of 185 ° C. The heating process as a preheating phase is exactly the same. At the time t 1 = 8.2 minutes, the muffle heater 3 is switched off for the first time. This time t 1 is recorded by the controller 16 and from this it concludes the level of the approximately set temperature of the temperature setting 21. Finally, this value is not present in the controller 16 or cannot be recorded by it, since it is an electromechanical one Temperature setting 21 acts without a temperature sensor and outputs a specific temperature value. Furthermore, it is programmed in the control 16 as an example that the switch contact 24 is to switch on again exactly once after the time t 1 and then switch off exactly once. If the next time it was necessary to switch on again at time t 2 = 13.3 minutes because the temperature fell below the actual response temperature of the electromechanical temperature control on sensor tube 27, switch contact 24 switches on or closes. The controller 16, however, has opened the relay 17 as an additional switch, for example, already at the same time as opening the switching contact 24 or by opening it, so that the temperature initially drops further, ie is not heated. Thus, while the preheating phase lasted until time t 1 and the temperature maintenance phase from t 1 to t 2 , in this case only about 5 minutes, the power control phase according to the invention described above begins thereafter, ie from t 2 . In this power control phase the muffle heating 3 controlled by clocking operation of relay 17. The switch contact 24 is always closed due to the lower temperature.

Der taktenden Betrieb erfolgt gesteuert mit einem gleichbleibenden Verhältnis von Einschaltdauer zu Ausschaltdauer als Verhältnis ED, wie zuvor erläutert, und nicht mehr temperaturgeregelt wie im Standardverfahren. Vor allem erfolgt er leistungsgesteuert. Hier ist erkennbar, wie dieses Takten mit dem Verhältnis ED relativ schnell erfolgt und jedenfalls erheblich häufiger als beim Standardverfahren, beispielsweise mit einer Periodendauer von etwa 1 Minute. Dabei ist die Ausschaltdauer etwa dreimal so lang wie die Einschaltdauer, so dass das Verhältnis ED etwa 25% beträgt. Dieses Verhältnis ED könnte auch mit längeren Einschaltdauern und längeren Ausschaltdauern erreicht und gehalten werden. Diese Auswahl kann von verschiedenen Aspekten abhängen und bestimmt werden bzw. in die Steuerung 16 und den entsprechenden Microcontroller einprogrammiert werden. Auch Netzrückwirkungen können hier zu beachten sein, so dass eventuell eine Mindest-Taktdauer zu beachten ist. Der Vorteil des hier dargestellten häufigen Taktens liegt darin, dass die im eingeschwungenen Zustand des Backofens erreichte Temperatur von etwa 148°C während der Leistungssteuerungsphase mit nur wenigen Kelvin Abweichung nach unten und nach oben gehalten wird. Stärkere Temperaturabweichungen nach unten, welche dann eventuell eine unerwünschte Auswirkung auf das Garergebnis haben könnten, abhängig vom gestrichelt dargestellten Gargut G in der Backofenmuffel 2, können so verhindert werden. Da des Weiteren der Energiespar-Modus nicht so häufig verwendet wird wie ansonsten der Schaltkontakt 24 zur Temperaturregelung takten muss, kann das Relais 17 relativ häufig schalten, ohne auf die Lebensdauer des Backofens 1 gesehen übermäßig belastet zu werden. Schematisch dargestellt ist zum Teil ein Verlauf der Taktung der Leistung an der Muffelheizung 3. Für das Standardverfahren der Temperaturregelung während der ganzen Gardauer ist der Verlauf der Leistung bzw. das Takten der Muffelheizung nicht dargestellt, aber es ist auch leicht vorstellbar.The clocking operation is controlled with a constant ratio of on-time to off-time as ratio ED, as explained above, and no longer temperature-controlled as in the standard process. Above all, it is performance-controlled. It can be seen here how this cycle with the ED ratio takes place relatively quickly and in any case considerably more frequently than with the standard method, for example with a period of about 1 minute. The switch-off time is approximately three times as long as the switch-on time, so that the ED ratio is approximately 25%. This ED ratio could also be achieved and maintained with longer on-times and longer off-times. This selection can depend on and be determined by various aspects or can be programmed into the controller 16 and the corresponding microcontroller. Network interference can also be taken into account here, so that a minimum cycle time may have to be observed. The advantage of the frequent clocking shown here is that the temperature of around 148 ° C reached in the steady state of the oven is kept down and up with only a few Kelvin deviation during the power control phase. Greater temperature deviations downwards, which could then possibly have an undesirable effect on the cooking result, depending on the food item G shown in dashed lines in the oven muffle 2, can be prevented in this way. Furthermore, since the energy-saving mode is not used as frequently as the switching contact 24 for clocking the temperature must otherwise, the relay 17 can switch relatively frequently without being excessively stressed on the life of the oven 1. A curve of the output of the muffle heater 3 is shown schematically in part. The profile of the output or the clocking of the muffle heater is not shown for the standard method of temperature control during the entire cooking time, but it is also easy to imagine.

Zum Zeitpunkt von etwa 47 Minuten ist hier das Gargut aus der Backofenmuffel 2 entnommen worden. Entweder schaltet die Bedienperson dann am Betriebsartenwahlschalter 11 diesen Energiespar-Modus ab oder am Drehknebel 22 der Temperatureinstellung 21 den ganzen Backofen aus. Alternativ kann in der Steuerung 16 einprogrammiert sein, dass die Leistungssteuerungsphase nach einer vorprogrammierten Zeit beendet wird. Diese Zeit muss in der Steuerung hinterlegt sein. Sie kann beispielsweise von der eingestellten Backofentemperatur bzw. von der Dauer der Vorheizphase, anhand der die eingestellte Backofentemperatur abgeschätzt werden kann, abhängen. In einer nochmals weiteren Alternative kann eine timergesteuerte Beendigung der Leistungssteuerungsphase vorgesehen sein, so dass beispielsweise im Energiespar-Modus der Backofen immer nach zwei oder drei Stunden ausgeschaltet wird.At about 47 minutes, the food to be cooked has been removed from the oven muffle 2. Either the operator then switches this energy-saving mode off at the operating mode selector switch 11 or the entire oven is turned off at the rotary knob 22 of the temperature setting 21. Alternatively, it can be programmed into the controller 16 that the power control phase is ended after a pre-programmed time. This time must be stored in the control. It can depend, for example, on the set oven temperature or on the duration of the preheating phase, on the basis of which the set oven temperature can be estimated. In a still further alternative, a timer-controlled End of the power control phase can be provided so that, for example, the oven is always switched off after two or three hours in energy-saving mode.

Auch wenn beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nur 1,5 Taktperioden mit der elektromechanischen Temperaturregelung durchgeführt worden sind, bevor der Energiespar-Modus eingesetzt hat und die Leistungszufuhr sowie die Temperatur abgesenkt hat, reichen diese aber aus, damit die Steuerung 16 nicht nur anhand der Dauer der Vorheizphase bis zum Zeitpunkt t1 in etwa die an der Temperatureinstellung 21 eingestellte Soll-Temperatur bzw. Backofentemperatur abgeschätzt hat. Gleichzeitig konnte noch erfasst werden, dass die thermische Last in der Backofenmuffel 2 bzw. das zu garende Gargut G eine gewisse Auswirkung auf die Periodendauer des Taktens mit der Temperaturregelung hat. Hier ist die thermische Last als eher hoch angenommen worden, weswegen das Takten in der Temperaturhaltephase relativ häufig erfolgt mit kurzer Einschaltdauer des Taktens. Die Werte für Einschalten, Ausschalten sowie das Verhältnis ED in der Leistungssteuerungsphase sind nicht korreliert mit der thermischen Last im Backofen, sie sind von der Steuerung 16 vorgegeben. Diese Korrelation gilt nur während der Temperaturhaltephase.Even if only 1.5 cycle periods were carried out with the electromechanical temperature control in the method according to the invention before the energy-saving mode has started and the power supply and the temperature have decreased, these are sufficient, however, so that the controller 16 not only on the basis of the duration of the preheating phase by the time t1 has roughly estimated the set temperature or oven temperature set at the temperature setting 21. At the same time, it was also possible to ascertain that the thermal load in the oven muffle 2 or the food to be cooked G has a certain effect on the period of the cycle with the temperature control. Here the thermal load has been assumed to be rather high, which is why clocking in the temperature maintenance phase occurs relatively frequently with a short duty cycle. The values for switching on, switching off and the ratio ED in the power control phase are not correlated with the thermal load in the oven, they are predetermined by the controller 16. This correlation only applies during the temperature maintenance phase.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for controlling an oven (1), comprising
    - an oven muffle (2),
    - a muffle heating (3),
    - an electromechanical temperature regulation (26, 27, 28) for the muffle heating (3) with a temperature setting (21), with a mechanical temperature sensor (27), with a switching contact (24), with a power control device and with an additional switch (17),
    wherein the electromechanical temperature regulation is configured to set an oven temperature which was set mechanically on the temperature setting, in the oven muffle (2), by means of controlling the muffle heating (3) by timing the muffle heating (3),
    the method comprising the steps:
    - initiating from a cold oven (1), the switching contact (24) is closed and, after turning on the muffle heating (3), the latter starts the heating operation for the duration of a preheating phase,
    - the preheating phase is terminated when the mechanical temperature sensor (27) responds for the first time and opens the switching contact (24), since a temperature at the mechanical temperature sensor has exceeded a switching temperature corresponding to the set oven temperature,
    - in a subsequent temperature holding phase, the temperature in the oven muffle (2) is controlled to the set oven temperature by means of switching the switching contact (24) by the temperature regulation,
    - a duration of the temperature holding phase is stored in the power control device in the form of the number of switching operations of the switching contact (24),
    - after performing the stored number of switching operations, a power control phase starts with a constant ratio of on-time to clock period (ED),
    - with said predetermined ratio ED, the additional switch (17) connected additionally in the control of the muffle heating (3) is controlled for turning on and for turning off the muffle heating (3),
    - wherein the ratio ED is selected such that a temperature arising in the steady-state condition of the oven (1) during the power control phase is below the desired temperature so that the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation (26, 27, 28) remains closed during the time of the power control phase so that only the additional switch (17) is switching the muffle heating (3) and no longer the switching contact (24),
    characterized in that the number of switching operations is a function of a duration of the preheating phase which is detected, wherein with a long duration up to the first switching of the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation the number of switching operations in the temperature holding phase is greater and with a short duration up to the first switching of the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation the number of switching operations in the temperature holding phase is smaller.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature arising in the steady-state condition of the oven (1) during the power control phase is between 10K and 40K below the desired temperature, preferably between 12K and 25K.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromechanical temperature regulation (26, 27, 28) includes a thermostat, preferably a thermostat with an oil expanding as a function of temperature.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power control device includes an additional circuit board (15) with a microcontroller (16) thereon for controlling the power control device and for timer functions and with the additional switch (17), wherein preferably the additional switch (17) is connected in series to the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the oven (1) is operated in an energy-saving mode by means of the microcontroller (16) for a predetermined time in the power control phase, wherein preferably a time period of the power control phase is obtained from a duration of the preheating phase.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional switch is a relay (17).
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oven (1) includes an operation mode selector switch (11) and on the operation mode selector switch an energy-saving mode is set for starting the method, wherein subsequently a desired temperature for the oven is set on the temperature setting (21), wherein preferably the additional switch (17) that is additionally connected in the control of the muffle heating (3) is then closed and the oven starts heating up during the preheating phase.
  8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the microcontroller (16) according to claim 4 or 5 detects, via an input, if and when the temperature regulation switches the muffle heating (3) on or off using the switching contact (24) and starts the power control phase after a predetermined number of switching operations.
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the power control phase the amount of energy supplied to the muffle heating (3) is determined by the additional switch (17) and not by the electromechanical temperature regulation, wherein the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation is closed.
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with a short duration up to the first switching of the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation, the microcontroller (16) assumes a desired temperature is to be low.
  11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with a long duration up to the first switching of the switching contact (24) of the electromechanical temperature regulation, the microcontroller (16) assumes a desired temperature is to be high.
  12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a succession of switching operations during the temperature holding phase tending to have a short clock period and tending to have a long on-time ED is evaluated as a high thermal load in the oven muffle (2).
  13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a succession of switching operations during the temperature holding phase tending to have a long clock period and tending to have a short on-time ED is evaluated as a low thermal load in the oven muffle (2).
  14. Oven (1), comprising:
    - an oven muffle (2),
    - a muffle heating (3),
    - an electromechanical temperature regulation (26, 27, 28) for the muffle heating (3) with a temperature setting (21), with a mechanical temperature sensor (27), with a switching contact (24), with a power control device and with an additional switch (17),
    wherein the electromechanical temperature regulation is configured to carry out a method according to any one of the preceding claims and to set an oven temperature which was set mechanically on the temperature setting, in the oven muffle (2), by means of controlling the muffle heating (3) by timing the muffle heating (3), wherein the oven (1) additionally includes an operating mode selector switch (11),
    wherein the operating mode selector switch has an additional circuit board (15) with a microcontroller (16) thereon for controlling the power control device and for timer functions and with the additional switch (17), wherein the additional circuit board (15) is fastened to the operating mode selector switch (11).
EP17179788.9A 2016-07-06 2017-07-05 Method for controlling an oven and oven Active EP3267114B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016212329.7A DE102016212329A1 (en) 2016-07-06 2016-07-06 Method of controlling a baking oven and oven

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EP3267114A1 EP3267114A1 (en) 2018-01-10
EP3267114B1 true EP3267114B1 (en) 2019-12-25

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DE (1) DE102016212329A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19824871A1 (en) 1998-06-04 1999-12-09 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Temperature switch, in particular adjustable temperature controller
DE60211749D1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2006-06-29 Electrolux Publ Stockholm Ab METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE ENERGY RECORDING IN AN OVEN
DE10240175A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-04-22 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for operating a cooking appliance
DE102007056714A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for operating a cooking appliance and cooking appliance
DE102009003037A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for carrying out a preparation process for a food
DE102011017638A1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-10-31 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Method for operating a cooking appliance and control and regulating device for a cooking appliance and cooking appliance
DE102014217637A1 (en) * 2014-09-03 2016-03-17 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Heating a cooking chamber of a household cooking appliance

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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DE102016212329A1 (en) 2018-01-11
EP3267114A1 (en) 2018-01-10

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