EP3250809A1 - Air filter for the intake line of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Air filter for the intake line of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP3250809A1
EP3250809A1 EP16702166.6A EP16702166A EP3250809A1 EP 3250809 A1 EP3250809 A1 EP 3250809A1 EP 16702166 A EP16702166 A EP 16702166A EP 3250809 A1 EP3250809 A1 EP 3250809A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air filter
plate
air
filter according
foam block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16702166.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilfrid Raguenet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
PSA Automobiles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PSA Automobiles SA filed Critical PSA Automobiles SA
Publication of EP3250809A1 publication Critical patent/EP3250809A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1272—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using absorbing, damping, insulating or reflecting materials, e.g. porous foams, fibres, rubbers, fabrics, coatings or membranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10209—Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
    • F02M35/10236—Overpressure or vacuum relief means; Burst protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1283—Manufacturing or assembly; Connectors; Fixations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/14—Combined air cleaners and silencers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air filter for an intake line of supercharged internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the air intake line of a supercharged engine comprises an air filter provided with a housing, a turbocharger compressor, and a metering valve of the air arranged on a main branch.
  • the intake line further comprises a discharge duct which is located in branch of the main branch between a downstream point and an upstream point of the compressor.
  • one end of the discharge duct is connected to the main branch through a stitching made in the housing of the air filter.
  • the intake line also comprises a discharge valve adapted to prohibit or allow a circulation of a fluid inside the discharge duct.
  • a butterfly flap which comprises the intake line, is placed in the closed position, that is to say in a position decreasing a passage of air inside the intake line.
  • the compressor which has a clean inertia, nevertheless continues to compress the intake air. This results in a temporary overpressure which is likely to cause a reverse flow phenomenon called "pumping" inside the compressor of the turbocharger. This eventually results in a deterioration of the compressor.
  • the discharge conduit communicates the inlet line downstream and upstream of the compressor, in a direction of air flow inside the intake line. During the deceleration phase, such communication, modulated by the discharge valve, minimizes the pumping phenomenon.
  • said air filter further comprises a discharge noise reduction device comprising:
  • a porous foam block placed inside a cavity of said air filter, said foam block being intended to be traversed by compressed air (preferably all compressed air) issuing from said discharge duct; in order to reduce by absorption the acoustic energy of the compressed air coming from said discharge duct.
  • compressed air preferably all compressed air
  • the cavity is completely filled by the porous foam block: all the faces of the physical walls which delimit it are in contact with the foam.
  • the block of foam comes to follow the shape of the cavity defined by its physical walls. The invention thus reduces the discharge noise by absorbing the acoustic energy by viscosity and / or thermal conduction through the foam that modifies the conditions at the limits of the flow in the air filter.
  • said foam block comprises a parallelepiped portion and a heel.
  • said discharge noise reduction device further comprises a set of plates comprising at least a first plate and a second plate, said plates each comprising a plurality of through openings, said plates being in contact with said porous foam block.
  • the cavity is defined only by two plates vis-à-vis provided with openings.
  • the foam block fills (completely) the cavity in that it is disposed between the two plates and is in contact with each of the faces of the plates that face each other.
  • the block of foam which, on at least one of its lateral faces (those which are not exposed frontally to the flow of air), is not confined by physical walls.
  • the compressed air enters the block of foam through the openings of the first plate, and out of the openings the second plate through the entire thickness of the foam block (the air leakage from the side walls of the non-confined foam block are negligible).
  • said first plate rests on said foam heel so as to compress said foam heel.
  • said second plate is made of material with a lower tank belonging to said housing. This minimizes the risk of leakage at the junction between the second plate and the air filter housing.
  • said second plate is attached and guided vertically by rails attached to a lower tank belonging to said housing.
  • zones located on the edge of said second plate are devoid of opening, said zones without opening being intended to cope with the ejection of compressed air into said cavity. This prevents the foam discovers an opening at the time of discharge likely to create acoustic leaks affecting the performance of the device in high frequency.
  • said second plate having a plurality of rows of openings, a ratio between the radius of an opening and the sum of the radius and the gap between two adjacent openings is of the order of 0.73.
  • said first plate having a plurality of rows of openings, a ratio between the radius of an opening and the sum of the radius and the gap between two adjacent openings is of the order of 0.71.
  • At least one zone located on the edge of said first plate is devoid of opening, said area devoid of opening overhanging the ejection of compressed air into said cavity. This prevents the foam discovers an opening of the plate at the time of discharge.
  • said air filter further comprises a fixing system of said first plate to said housing of said air filter.
  • said first plate is attached to an intermediate tank of said air filter by means of a strip positioned on said intermediate tank on the quilting side and two staples securing said first plate to arches formed in said bowl. intermediate.
  • said first plate is equipped with a latching device intended to cooperate with a corresponding shape formed in a structure of an intermediate vessel.
  • said first plate and said second plate belong to an attached cage enclosing said foam block.
  • said attached cage comprises a hinge and a detent means for cooperating each with a corresponding shape formed on one of the two transverse ends of an intermediate vessel.
  • said first plate and said second plate belong to an insert having a substantially U-shaped section between the walls of which is wedged said foam block.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an air intake line of an internal combustion engine equipped with an air filter according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are perspective views of the air filter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a and 3b are perspective views of the lower single tank of the air filter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the foam block used with the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the horizontal plate of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention
  • Figure 6a is a perspective view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention
  • Figure 6b is a perspective view illustrating the introduction of the device of Figure 6a in the air filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7a is a perspective view illustrating a second alternative embodiment of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7b is a perspective view illustrating the introduction of the device of Figure 7a in the air filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a supercharged internal combustion engine 1 which equips a motor vehicle and which is provided with an air intake line 2.
  • the intake line 2 is intended to supply air to the engine 1 .
  • the inlet line 2 comprises a main branch 3 of air inlet comprising successively in a direction of flow 4 of the air inside the inlet line 2: a air filter 6; a compressor 7 of a turbocharger and a metering valve 8 of the air, such as a throttle body.
  • the air filter 6 is designed to retain impurities carried by the air circulating inside the intake line 2.
  • the compressor 7 is able to compress the air prior to its admission inside the engine. internal combustion.
  • the metering valve 8 is intended to control and regulate a flow of air admitted inside the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the intake line 2 comprises a discharge duct 1 1 disposed in branch of the main branch 3 of air supply.
  • the discharge duct 1 1 extends between a downstream point 14 situated downstream of the compressor 7 and an upstream point 15 corresponding to a branch of the air filter 6 to which the duct 11 is connected. It is specified here that the concepts of upstream and downstream agree according to the direction of flow of air 4 inside the main branch 3 of air intake of the intake line 2 when normal operation of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a discharge valve 18 selectively allows to prohibit or allow the circulation of air inside the discharge duct 1 January.
  • the discharge valve 18, commonly referred to as “dump valve”, allows to discharge to a point of the intake line 2 upstream of the compressor 7 excessive pressure that is likely to be created downstream of the compressor 7, in particular during a sudden closure of the metering valve 8.
  • the air filter 6 comprises a filter medium 21 located inside a housing 20 formed in particular by a lower tank 22, an intermediate tank 23, and an upper tank (not visible).
  • An air inlet 26 is located upstream of the filtering medium 21 and an air outlet 27 is located downstream of the filter medium 21.
  • the air filter 6 further comprises a device 30 for reducing the discharge noise, also called “silent”, comprising a first plate 31, said horizontal plate, substantially parallel to the bottom of the lower vessel 22, and a second plate 32, said vertical plate substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the lower vessel 22 and thus to the horizontal plate.
  • the horizontal plates 31 and vertical 32 each comprise a plurality of through openings 33.
  • the openings 33 are configured to divide the jet primary air from the discharge duct 1 1 in multiple streams so as to reduce the turbulent intensity by interaction of the jets between them.
  • a porous foam block 34 shown in detail in Figure 4 is placed inside a cavity 37 of the filter 6.
  • the foam block 34 traversed by the air from the discharge duct 1 1 is in contact with the perforated plates 31, 32 so as to reduce by absorption the acoustic energy of the compressed air from the discharge conduit 11.
  • the foam block 34 has a calibrated flow resistivity as a function of the allowable pressure drop.
  • the diameter of a cell of the foam is between 520 and 720 ⁇ .
  • the foam block 34 has a density of between 27 and 31 kg / m3.
  • the compressive strength at 40% is between 2.5 and 4.5 kPa.
  • the elongation limit is of the order of 250%; while the tensile strength is of the order of 150 kPa.
  • the vertical plate 32 is made of material with the lower tank 22.
  • the vertical plate 32 is attached and guided vertically by slides fixed to the lower bowl 22 of the filter to air 6.
  • Zones 40 located at the edge of the vertical plate 32 are devoid of opening 33. These zones 40 without opening 33 face the ejection of compressed air into the cavity 37.
  • the reference 151 represents the entrance the air flow from the discharge duct 1 1. This prevents the foam block 34 discovers an opening 33 at the time of discharge likely to create acoustic leaks affecting the performance of the silencer 30 in high frequency. Since it is difficult to predict the movement of the foam, the dimensions of each of the zones 40 have been determined from the movement of the foam recorded by high speed cameras. 10mm wide is retained on each side of the vertical plate 32. It is however not necessary to provide a zone 40 without opening 33 on the side of the upper end adjacent to the horizontal plate 31.
  • the thickness of the vertical plate 32 is chosen so as not to be too weak because it makes it difficult to control the vortex structure of the jet orifice outlet, nor too thick because it increases the resulting pressure drop. of the orifice system without significant gain in acoustic performance.
  • a thickness of the vertical plate 32 equal to 3 mm is a good compromise.
  • the vertical plate 32 has a plurality of rows of openings 33. In the embodiment, the vertical plate 32 has five rows of seven openings 33 each and a row of six openings 33 placed at the end. lower plate 32, 41 openings 33 in total.
  • the openings 33 each have a diameter of 3 mm. However, as their end is very slightly flared, the same as a diffuser, the total diameter of an orifice is closer to 3.3mm than 3mm.
  • the number and dimensions of the openings 33 may vary depending on the configuration of the air filter 6.
  • the positioning of an opening 33 relative to another in the vertical plate 32 is determined from rules from the work of Middelton and Clark (PJF "Assepuis and development of methods of acoustic performance prediction for jet noise suppressors Institute for aerospace studies ", AFOSR 69-0780, 1969) on the prediction of the noise of jet of silent nozzles. These rules make it possible to determine an optimum ratio a corresponding to the ratio between the radius of an opening 33 and the sum of the radius and the distance between two adjacent openings 33 which is of the order of 0.73.
  • a gap value E between two orifices equal to 0.6 mm is thus defined for a radius R enlarged by an opening 33 equal to 1.65 mm (see FIG. 3b).
  • the gap E between two orifices 33 is measured along the straight line passing through the center of the two orifices 33.
  • the foam block 34 has dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the cavity 37 so as to match the shape of this cavity 37. This avoids the sound amplification related to the excitation of the cavity 37 by a shear flow.
  • the foam block 34 comprises a parallelepipedal portion 41 and a heel 42.
  • the parallelepipedal portion 41 has dimensions of height, of width , and depth equal to 50mm, 65mm, and 45mm respectively.
  • the heel 42 has dimensions height, width, depth equal to 10mm, 80mm and 60mm respectively.
  • the horizontal plate 31 which is reported relative to the housing 20 rests on the heel 42 of foam so as to compress the heel 42 against a border of the intermediate vessel 23. This allows to ensure the soundproofness of the silencer and the holding in position of the foam during successive discharges of compressed air.
  • the heel 42 When the heel 42 is compressed by the horizontal plate 31, its height goes from 10mm (height at rest) to 2mm.
  • the value of the thickness of the horizontal plate 31, which is for example of the order of 3 mm results from a compromise of benefits between the acoustics and the aunterlic.
  • the horizontal plate 31 has in this case seven rows of nine openings 33 each, or 63 openings 33 in total.
  • the openings 33 each have a diameter of the order of 4 mm.
  • the end of each opening 33 is very slightly flared, so that the total diameter is closer to 4.4mm than 4mm.
  • the positioning of the openings 33 relative to each other is determined from the rules from the work of Middelton and Clark. This leads to a value equal to 0.71, which defines a difference value E equal to 0.9 mm if the enlarged radius R of an opening 33 is equal to 2.25 mm.
  • At least one zone 45 located at the edge of the horizontal plate 31 and overhanging the ejection of the compressed air in the cavity 37 is devoid of opening 33. This zone 45 extends for example over 25mm wide. This prevents the foam discovers an opening 33 of the plate at the time of discharge.
  • the air filter 6 further comprises a fastening system 48 of the horizontal plate 31 to the housing 20 shown in Figure 2a.
  • the horizontal plate 31 is fixed to the intermediate tank 23 of the air filter 6 by means of a strip 49 positioned on the intermediate tank 23 on the stitching side 15 and two staples 50 solidarisant the horizontal plate 31 arches formed in an intermediate tank 23.
  • the horizontal plate 31 is equipped with a latching device 51 intended to cooperate by elastic deformation with a corresponding shape formed in the structure of the intermediate tank 23 of the filter. air 6.
  • the plates 31 and 32 have different orientations adapted to the configuration of the casing 20 of the air filter 6.
  • the plates 31 and 32 are not necessarily perpendicular to one another.
  • the air filter 6 is free of perforated plates 31, 32, only the foam block 34 then to reduce the discharge noise.
  • the foam block 34 is fixed by means of a layer of rough material, for example Velcro type, lining the inner walls of the casing 20 of the air filter 6.
  • An attachment by gluing is preferably to be avoided since this greatly reduces the acoustic performance of the foam because the cells that were initially opened become artificially closed. In addition, gluing produces zones of strong stresses that favor tearing.
  • the horizontal plate 31 and the vertical plate 32 belong to an attached cage 54 enclosing the foam block 34.
  • the cage 54 also comprises other walls to form a hollow cage parallelepiped shape having a shape complementary to the cavity 37 with an open face to allow the insertion of the parallelepipedal portion of the block 34 inside the cage 54.
  • the cage 54 comprises a hinge 55 and a means of snap 56, constituted in this case by a resilient tongue, each intended to cooperate with a corresponding shape formed on one of the two transverse ends of the intermediate tank 23 of the air filter 6. This ensures the establishment and maintaining the position of the cage 54 during successive discharges.
  • the cage 54 also has support zones 57 on the walls of the air filter 6. At least one of these support zones 57 serves to compress the foam in the cage 54. With the exception of the zone located opposite the flow, the cage 54 has 148 holes of diameter 3 mm distributed on each of its walls.
  • the absorbent material is an open-cell porous foam of high flow resistivity of the same type as that described above.
  • the foam block 34 consists of a parallelepipedal portion 41 which is housed in the perforated cage 54 and a heel 42 which faces the ejection of the compressed air into the air filter 6.
  • the acoustic attenuations obtained with this embodiment are worse than those obtained with the first embodiment.
  • the difference in performance is mainly due to the fact that the muffler is an independent piece.
  • the horizontal plate 31 and the vertical plate 32 belong to a substantially U-shaped insert 60 between the walls of which is jammed the foam block 34.
  • the horizontal wall 31 forms the bottom of the U
  • the vertical wall 32 forms one of the branches
  • a third wall 32 'parallel to the wall 32 forms the second branch of the U.
  • the air filter 6 comprises a set of latching means 61 intended to cooperate with corresponding shapes formed on the two transverse ends of the intermediate tank 23.
  • the two vertical walls 32, 32 'of the silencer facing each other bear against the corresponding walls of the air filter 6. It should be noted that this phenomenon is amplified when the porous foam is inserted between these two walls.
  • the muffler 30 comprises for example in this embodiment 152 holes 3mm diameter and spacing 6mm distributed on the three walls 31, 32, and 32 '.
  • the shape of each of the walls 31, 32, 32 ' matches the wall of the corresponding air filter 6.
  • the absorbent material of the foam block 34 is of the same type as that described above.
  • Such an embodiment is however relatively complex to implement insofar as it is difficult to obtain optimum acoustic sealing at the horizontal and vertical walls because of the independent nature of the element 60 with respect to the 6.
  • the dimensioning of the holes relative to each other ducts to a reduced attenuation of turbulent mixing noise is however relatively complex to implement insofar as it is difficult to obtain optimum acoustic sealing at the horizontal and vertical walls because of the independent nature of the element 60 with respect to the 6.
  • the dimensioning of the holes relative to each other ducts to a reduced attenuation of turbulent mixing noise.
  • the openings 33 in the form of a diffuser may have a circular or rectangular shape, or a shape for directing the flow.
  • the silencer 30 comprises circular orifices made in metal plates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to an air filter (6) for the intake line of an internal combustion engine, comprising: - a housing (20), - a filtering medium located inside said housing (20), - an air inlet (26) upstream of said filtering medium and an air outlet downstream of said filtering medium, and - a take-off point intended to be connected to a discharge duct, characterised in that said air filter (6) further comprises a device (30) for discharge noise reduction, comprising: - a block of porous foam (34) placed inside a cavity (37) of said air filter (6), said block of foam (34) being intended to be crossed by the compressed air coming from said discharge duct in such a way as to reduce, by absorption, the acoustic energy of the compressed air coming from said discharge duct.

Description

FILTRE A AIR POUR LIGNE D'ADMISSION DE MOTEUR A COMBUSTION INTERNE DE VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE  AIR FILTER FOR INTAKE LINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF MOTOR VEHICLE
[0001 ] La présente invention porte sur un filtre à air pour une ligne d'admission de moteur à combustion interne suralimenté de véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to an air filter for an intake line of supercharged internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
[0002] De façon connue en soi, la ligne d'admission d'air d'un moteur suralimenté comporte un filtre à air muni d'un carter, un compresseur de turbocompresseur, et une vanne de dosage de l'air disposés sur une branche principale. La ligne d'admission comporte en outre un conduit de décharge qui est située en dérivation de la branche principale entre un point aval et un point amont du compresseur. A cet effet, une extrémité du conduit de décharge est reliée à la branche principale au travers d'un piquage réalisé dans le carter du filtre à air. La ligne d'admission comporte également une valve de décharge apte à interdire ou permettre une circulation d'un fluide à l'intérieur du conduit de décharge. [0003] Dans le cas où le moteur à combustion interne est suralimenté, et lors d'une phase de décélération du véhicule automobile, un volet papillon, que comporte la ligne d'admission, est placé en position fermée, c'est-à-dire dans une position diminuant un passage d'air à l'intérieur de la ligne d'admission. In a manner known per se, the air intake line of a supercharged engine comprises an air filter provided with a housing, a turbocharger compressor, and a metering valve of the air arranged on a main branch. The intake line further comprises a discharge duct which is located in branch of the main branch between a downstream point and an upstream point of the compressor. For this purpose, one end of the discharge duct is connected to the main branch through a stitching made in the housing of the air filter. The intake line also comprises a discharge valve adapted to prohibit or allow a circulation of a fluid inside the discharge duct. In the case where the internal combustion engine is supercharged, and during a deceleration phase of the motor vehicle, a butterfly flap, which comprises the intake line, is placed in the closed position, that is to say in a position decreasing a passage of air inside the intake line.
[0004] Le compresseur, qui possède une inertie propre, continue néanmoins de comprimer l'air d'admission. Il en découle une surpression temporaire qui est susceptible d'entraîner un phénomène d'inversion du flux appelé "pompage" à l'intérieur du compresseur du turbocompresseur. Il en résulte éventuellement une détérioration du compresseur. The compressor, which has a clean inertia, nevertheless continues to compress the intake air. This results in a temporary overpressure which is likely to cause a reverse flow phenomenon called "pumping" inside the compressor of the turbocharger. This eventually results in a deterioration of the compressor.
[0005] Le conduit de décharge met en communication la ligne d'admission en aval et en amont du compresseur, selon un sens de circulation d'air à l'intérieur de la ligne d'admission. Lors de la phase de décélération, une telle mise en communication, modulée par la valve de décharge, permet de minimiser le phénomène de pompage. The discharge conduit communicates the inlet line downstream and upstream of the compressor, in a direction of air flow inside the intake line. During the deceleration phase, such communication, modulated by the discharge valve, minimizes the pumping phenomenon.
[0006] Toutefois, lors de l'ouverture de la valve, des nuisances sonores, éventuellement amplifiées par le filtre à air, sont susceptibles d'être entendues par un utilisateur du véhicule automobile, ce qu'il est souhaitable d'éviter. Il est connu de calibrer le conduit de décharge pour atténuer de telles nuisances sonores, ce qui présente l'inconvénient majeur de réduire les performances de la fonction de décharge qui est la raison de la mise en place du conduit de décharge. [0007] Dans le document FR3002595, la réduction du bruit de décharge est obtenue au travers d'un silencieux utilisant un volume d'air confiné pour étouffer l'amplitude des fluctuations de pression. Une fois la pression stabilisée, l'air s'échappe par un orifice de petite taille. Dans ce mécanisme de réduction de bruit, le traitement acoustique placé sur les parois rigides de la cavité présente l'inconvénient de réduire le volume d'air nécessaire à la stabilisation. En outre, le traitement acoustique permet uniquement d'atténuer le rayonnement des modes acoustiques de la cavité rigide qui sert d'enveloppe au volume de stabilisation. However, when opening the valve, noise, possibly amplified by the air filter, are likely to be heard by a user of the motor vehicle, which is desirable to avoid. It is known to calibrate the discharge duct to mitigate such noise, which has the major disadvantage of reducing the performance of the discharge function which is the reason for the introduction of the discharge duct. In the document FR3002595, the reduction of the discharge noise is obtained through a silencer using a confined volume of air to quench the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations. Once the pressure is stabilized, the air escapes through a small orifice. In this noise reduction mechanism, the acoustic treatment placed on the rigid walls of the cavity has the disadvantage of reducing the volume of air required for stabilization. In addition, the acoustic treatment only serves to attenuate the radiation of the acoustic modes of the rigid cavity which serves as an envelope to the stabilization volume.
[0008] L'invention vise à remédier efficacement aux inconvénients des dispositifs existants en proposant un filtre à air pour ligne d'admission de moteur à combustion interne suralimenté comportant: The invention aims to effectively overcome the disadvantages of existing devices by providing an air filter for supercharged internal combustion engine intake line comprising:
- un carter,  - a housing,
- un média filtrant situé à l'intérieur dudit carter,  a filter medium located inside said casing,
- une entrée d'air en amont dudit média filtrant et une sortie d'air en aval dudit média filtrant, et  an air inlet upstream of said filtering medium and an air outlet downstream of said filter media, and
- un piquage destiné à être relié à un conduit de décharge, a tapping intended to be connected to a discharge duct,
tel que ledit filtre à air comporte en outre un dispositif de réduction du bruit de décharge comprenant: such that said air filter further comprises a discharge noise reduction device comprising:
- un bloc de mousse poreuse placé à l'intérieur d'une cavité dudit filtre à air, ledit bloc de mousse étant destiné à être traversé par de l'air comprimé (de préférence tout l'air comprimé) issu dudit conduit de décharge de manière à réduire par absorption l'énergie acoustique de l'air comprimé issu dudit conduit de décharge.  a porous foam block placed inside a cavity of said air filter, said foam block being intended to be traversed by compressed air (preferably all compressed air) issuing from said discharge duct; in order to reduce by absorption the acoustic energy of the compressed air coming from said discharge duct.
[0009] De préférence, la cavité est entièrement remplie par le bloc de mousse poreuse : toutes les faces des parois physiques qui la délimitent sont en contact avec la mousse. Le bloc de mousse vient épouser la forme de la cavité définie par ses parois physiques. [0010] L'invention permet ainsi de réduire le bruit de décharge en absorbant l'énergie acoustique par viscosité et/ou conduction thermique grâce à la mousse qui modifie les conditions aux limites de l'écoulement dans le filtre à air. [001 1 ] Selon une réalisation, ledit bloc de mousse comporte une portion parallélépipédique ainsi qu'un talon. Preferably, the cavity is completely filled by the porous foam block: all the faces of the physical walls which delimit it are in contact with the foam. The block of foam comes to follow the shape of the cavity defined by its physical walls. The invention thus reduces the discharge noise by absorbing the acoustic energy by viscosity and / or thermal conduction through the foam that modifies the conditions at the limits of the flow in the air filter. [001 1] In one embodiment, said foam block comprises a parallelepiped portion and a heel.
[0012] Selon une réalisation, ledit dispositif de réduction du bruit de décharge comporte en outre un ensemble de plaques comprenant au moins une première plaque et une deuxième plaque, lesdites plaques comportant chacune une pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes, lesdites plaques étant au contact dudit bloc de mousse poreuse. Ces plaques permettent d'assurer la réduction du bruit aérodynamique par contrôle de l'intensité turbulente de l'écoulement d'air grâce à leurs ouvertures qui agissent pour diviser le jet primaire en jets multiples et réduisent l'intensité turbulente par interaction des jets issus des différentes ouvertures entre eux. According to one embodiment, said discharge noise reduction device further comprises a set of plates comprising at least a first plate and a second plate, said plates each comprising a plurality of through openings, said plates being in contact with said porous foam block. These plates make it possible to ensure the reduction of the aerodynamic noise by controlling the turbulent intensity of the air flow thanks to their openings which act to divide the primary jet into multiple jets and reduce the turbulent intensity by interaction of the jets from different openings between them.
[0013] De préférence, selon un mode de réalisation, la cavité est définie seulement par deux plaques en vis-à-vis munies d'ouvertures. Dans ce cas, le bloc de mousse remplit (complètement) la cavité en ce sens qu'il est disposé entre les deux plaques et qu'il est en contact avec chacune des faces des plaques qui se font face. On a alors le bloc de mousse, qui, sur au moins une de ses faces latérales (celles qui ne sont pas exposées frontalement au flux d'air), n'est pas cantonné par des parois physiques. Avec seulement deux plaques percées d'orifices, on a observé qu'on avait la meilleure configuration pour l'atténuation acoustique recherchée : l'air comprimé rentre dans le bloc de mousse par les ouvertures de la première plaque, et en ressort par les ouvertures de la seconde plaque en traversant toute l'épaisseur du bloc de mousse (les fuites d'air par les parois latérales du bloc de mousse non cantonnées sont négligeables). Preferably, according to one embodiment, the cavity is defined only by two plates vis-à-vis provided with openings. In this case, the foam block fills (completely) the cavity in that it is disposed between the two plates and is in contact with each of the faces of the plates that face each other. We then have the block of foam, which, on at least one of its lateral faces (those which are not exposed frontally to the flow of air), is not confined by physical walls. With only two plates pierced with holes, it was observed that we had the best configuration for the desired acoustic attenuation: the compressed air enters the block of foam through the openings of the first plate, and out of the openings the second plate through the entire thickness of the foam block (the air leakage from the side walls of the non-confined foam block are negligible).
[0014] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque repose sur ledit talon de mousse de manière à comprimer ledit talon de mousse. According to one embodiment, said first plate rests on said foam heel so as to compress said foam heel.
[0015] Selon une réalisation, ladite deuxième plaque vient de matière avec une cuve inférieure appartenant audit carter. Cela permet de limiter au maximum le risque de fuite au niveau de la jonction entre la deuxième plaque et le carter du filtre à air. In one embodiment, said second plate is made of material with a lower tank belonging to said housing. This minimizes the risk of leakage at the junction between the second plate and the air filter housing.
[0016] Selon une réalisation, ladite deuxième plaque est rapportée et guidée verticalement par des glissières fixées à une cuve inférieure appartenant audit carter. In one embodiment, said second plate is attached and guided vertically by rails attached to a lower tank belonging to said housing.
[0017] Selon une réalisation, des zones situées en bordure de ladite deuxième plaque sont dépourvues d'ouverture, lesdites zones sans ouverture étant destinées à faire face à l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans ladite cavité. Cela permet d'éviter que la mousse découvre une ouverture au moment de la décharge susceptible de créer des fuites acoustiques nuisant aux performances du dispositif en haute fréquence. In one embodiment, zones located on the edge of said second plate are devoid of opening, said zones without opening being intended to cope with the ejection of compressed air into said cavity. This prevents the foam discovers an opening at the time of discharge likely to create acoustic leaks affecting the performance of the device in high frequency.
[0018] Selon une réalisation, ladite deuxième plaque comportant une pluralité de rangées d'ouvertures, un rapport entre le rayon d'une ouverture et la somme du rayon et de l'écart entre deux ouvertures adjacentes est de l'ordre de 0.73. In one embodiment, said second plate having a plurality of rows of openings, a ratio between the radius of an opening and the sum of the radius and the gap between two adjacent openings is of the order of 0.73.
[0019] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque comportant une pluralité de rangées d'ouvertures, un rapport entre le rayon d'une ouverture et la somme du rayon et de l'écart entre deux ouvertures adjacentes est de l'ordre de 0.71 . In one embodiment, said first plate having a plurality of rows of openings, a ratio between the radius of an opening and the sum of the radius and the gap between two adjacent openings is of the order of 0.71.
[0020] Selon une réalisation, au moins une zone située en bordure de ladite première plaque est dépourvue d'ouverture, ladite zone dépourvue d'ouverture surplombant l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans ladite cavité. Cela permet d'éviter que la mousse découvre une ouverture de la plaque au moment de la décharge. According to one embodiment, at least one zone located on the edge of said first plate is devoid of opening, said area devoid of opening overhanging the ejection of compressed air into said cavity. This prevents the foam discovers an opening of the plate at the time of discharge.
[0021 ] Selon une réalisation, ledit filtre à air comporte en outre un système de fixation de ladite première plaque audit carter dudit filtre à air. [0022] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque est fixée à une cuve intermédiaire dudit filtre à air au moyen d'une réglette positionnée sur ladite cuve intermédiaire du côté du piquage et de deux agrafes solidarisant ladite première plaque à des arches ménagées dans ladite cuve intermédiaire. According to one embodiment, said air filter further comprises a fixing system of said first plate to said housing of said air filter. According to one embodiment, said first plate is attached to an intermediate tank of said air filter by means of a strip positioned on said intermediate tank on the quilting side and two staples securing said first plate to arches formed in said bowl. intermediate.
[0023] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque est équipée d'un dispositif d'encliquetage destiné à coopérer avec une forme correspondante ménagée dans une structure d'une cuve intermédiaire. According to one embodiment, said first plate is equipped with a latching device intended to cooperate with a corresponding shape formed in a structure of an intermediate vessel.
[0024] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque et ladite deuxième plaque appartiennent à une cage rapportée enserrant ledit bloc de mousse. In one embodiment, said first plate and said second plate belong to an attached cage enclosing said foam block.
[0025] Selon une réalisation, ladite cage rapportée comporte une charnière et un moyen d'encliquetage destinés à coopérer chacun avec une forme correspondante ménagée sur une des deux extrémités transverses d'une cuve intermédiaire. According to one embodiment, said attached cage comprises a hinge and a detent means for cooperating each with a corresponding shape formed on one of the two transverse ends of an intermediate vessel.
[0026] Selon une réalisation, ladite première plaque et ladite deuxième plaque appartiennent à un élément rapporté ayant une section sensiblement en forme de U entre les parois duquel est coincé ledit bloc de mousse. [0027] L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. According to one embodiment, said first plate and said second plate belong to an insert having a substantially U-shaped section between the walls of which is wedged said foam block. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and the examination of the figures that accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
[0028] La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une ligne d'admission d'air d'un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un filtre à air selon la présente invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an air intake line of an internal combustion engine equipped with an air filter according to the present invention,
[0029] Les figures 2a et 2b sont des vue en perspective du filtre à air selon la présente invention; Figures 2a and 2b are perspective views of the air filter according to the present invention;
[0030] Les figures 3a et 3b sont des vue en perspective de la cuve inférieure seule du filtre à air selon la présente invention; [0031 ] La figure 4 est une vue en perspective du bloc de mousse utilisé avec le dispositif de réduction du bruit de décharge selon la présente invention; Figures 3a and 3b are perspective views of the lower single tank of the air filter according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the foam block used with the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention;
[0032] La figure 5 est une vue en perspective illustrant une variante de réalisation de la plaque horizontale du dispositif de réduction du bruit de décharge selon la présente invention; [0033] La figure 6a est une vue en perspective illustrant une variante de réalisation du dispositif de réduction de bruit de décharge selon la présente invention; Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the horizontal plate of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention; Figure 6a is a perspective view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention;
[0034] La figure 6b est une vue en perspective illustrant la mise en place du dispositif de la figure 6a dans le filtre à air selon la présente invention; Figure 6b is a perspective view illustrating the introduction of the device of Figure 6a in the air filter according to the present invention;
[0035] La figure 7a est une vue en perspective illustrant une deuxième variante de réalisation du dispositif de réduction de bruit de décharge selon la présente invention; Figure 7a is a perspective view illustrating a second alternative embodiment of the discharge noise reduction device according to the present invention;
[0036] La figure 7b est une vue en perspective illustrant la mise en place du dispositif de la figure 7a dans le filtre à air selon la présente invention. Figure 7b is a perspective view illustrating the introduction of the device of Figure 7a in the air filter according to the present invention.
[0037] Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. [0038] La figure 1 montre un moteur à combustion interne 1 suralimenté qui équipe un véhicule automobile et qui est pourvu d'une ligne d'admission d'air 2. La ligne d'admission 2 est destinée à approvisionner en air le moteur 1 . [0039] A cet effet, la ligne d'admission 2 comporte une branche principale 3 d'arrivée d'air comprenant successivement selon un sens d'écoulement 4 de l'air à l'intérieur de la ligne d'admission 2: un filtre à air 6; un compresseur 7 d'un turbocompresseur et une vanne de dosage 8 de l'air, telle qu'un boîtier papillon. Le filtre à air 6 est prévu pour retenir des impuretés véhiculées par l'air circulant à l'intérieur de la ligne d'admission 2. Le compresseur 7 est apte à compresser l'air préalablement à son admission à l'intérieur du moteur à combustion interne. La vanne de dosage 8 est destinée à contrôler et réguler un débit d'air admis à l'intérieur du moteur à combustion interne 1 . Identical elements, similar, or the like retain the same reference from one figure to another. Figure 1 shows a supercharged internal combustion engine 1 which equips a motor vehicle and which is provided with an air intake line 2. The intake line 2 is intended to supply air to the engine 1 . For this purpose, the inlet line 2 comprises a main branch 3 of air inlet comprising successively in a direction of flow 4 of the air inside the inlet line 2: a air filter 6; a compressor 7 of a turbocharger and a metering valve 8 of the air, such as a throttle body. The air filter 6 is designed to retain impurities carried by the air circulating inside the intake line 2. The compressor 7 is able to compress the air prior to its admission inside the engine. internal combustion. The metering valve 8 is intended to control and regulate a flow of air admitted inside the internal combustion engine 1.
[0040] La ligne d'admission 2 comporte un conduit de décharge 1 1 disposé en dérivation de la branche principale 3 d'arrivée d'air. Le conduit de décharge 1 1 s'étend entre un point aval 14 situé en aval du compresseur 7 et un point amont 15 correspondant à un piquage du filtre à air 6 auquel est relié le conduit 1 1 . On précise ici que les notions d'amont et d'aval s'entendent selon le sens d'écoulement de l'air 4 à l'intérieur de la branche principale 3 d'arrivée d'air de la ligne d'admission 2 lors du fonctionnement normal du moteur à combustion interne 1 . The intake line 2 comprises a discharge duct 1 1 disposed in branch of the main branch 3 of air supply. The discharge duct 1 1 extends between a downstream point 14 situated downstream of the compressor 7 and an upstream point 15 corresponding to a branch of the air filter 6 to which the duct 11 is connected. It is specified here that the concepts of upstream and downstream agree according to the direction of flow of air 4 inside the main branch 3 of air intake of the intake line 2 when normal operation of the internal combustion engine 1.
[0041 ] Une valve de décharge 18 permet sélectivement d'interdire ou d'autoriser la circulation d'air à l'intérieur du conduit de décharge 1 1 . La valve de décharge 18, communément dénommée selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne "dump valve", permet de décharger vers un point de la ligne d'admission 2 en amont du compresseur 7 une surpression trop importante qui est susceptible de se créer en aval du compresseur 7, notamment lors d'une fermeture brutale de la vanne de dosage 8. A discharge valve 18 selectively allows to prohibit or allow the circulation of air inside the discharge duct 1 January. The discharge valve 18, commonly referred to as "dump valve", allows to discharge to a point of the intake line 2 upstream of the compressor 7 excessive pressure that is likely to be created downstream of the compressor 7, in particular during a sudden closure of the metering valve 8.
[0042] Plus précisément, le filtre à air 6 comporte un média filtrant 21 situé à l'intérieur d'un carter 20 formé notamment par une cuve inférieure 22, une cuve intermédiaire 23, et une cuve supérieure (non visible). Une entrée d'air 26 est située en amont du média filtrant 21 et une sortie d'air 27 est située en aval du média filtrant 21 . More specifically, the air filter 6 comprises a filter medium 21 located inside a housing 20 formed in particular by a lower tank 22, an intermediate tank 23, and an upper tank (not visible). An air inlet 26 is located upstream of the filtering medium 21 and an air outlet 27 is located downstream of the filter medium 21.
[0043] Comme cela est bien visible sur les figures 2a et 2b, le filtre à air 6 comporte en outre un dispositif 30 de réduction du bruit de décharge, appelé aussi "silencieux", comprenant une première plaque 31 , dite plaque horizontale, sensiblement parallèle au fond de la cuve inférieure 22, et une deuxième plaque 32, dite plaque verticale sensiblement perpendiculaire au fond de la cuve inférieure 22 et donc à la plaque horizontale. Les plaques horizontale 31 et verticale 32 comportent chacune une pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes 33. Les ouvertures 33 sont configurées pour diviser le jet primaire d'air issu du conduit de décharge 1 1 en jets multiples de manière à réduire l'intensité turbulente par interaction des jets entre eux. As is clearly visible in Figures 2a and 2b, the air filter 6 further comprises a device 30 for reducing the discharge noise, also called "silent", comprising a first plate 31, said horizontal plate, substantially parallel to the bottom of the lower vessel 22, and a second plate 32, said vertical plate substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the lower vessel 22 and thus to the horizontal plate. The horizontal plates 31 and vertical 32 each comprise a plurality of through openings 33. The openings 33 are configured to divide the jet primary air from the discharge duct 1 1 in multiple streams so as to reduce the turbulent intensity by interaction of the jets between them.
[0044] En outre, un bloc de mousse poreuse 34 montré en détails sur la figure 4 est placé à l'intérieur d'une cavité 37 du filtre 6. Le bloc de mousse 34 traversé par l'air issu du conduit de décharge 1 1 est au contact des plaques trouées 31 , 32 de manière à réduire par absorption l'énergie acoustique de l'air comprimé issu du conduit de décharge 1 1 . De préférence, le bloc de mousse 34 présente une résistivité à l'écoulement calibrée en fonction de la perte de charge admissible. Le diamètre d'une cellule de la mousse est compris entre 520 et 720μηι. Le bloc de mousse 34 présente une densité comprise entre 27 et 31 kg/m3. La résistance de compression à 40% est comprise entre 2.5 et 4.5 kPa. La limite d'allongement est de l'ordre de 250%; tandis que la résistance à la traction est de l'ordre de 150 kPa. In addition, a porous foam block 34 shown in detail in Figure 4 is placed inside a cavity 37 of the filter 6. The foam block 34 traversed by the air from the discharge duct 1 1 is in contact with the perforated plates 31, 32 so as to reduce by absorption the acoustic energy of the compressed air from the discharge conduit 11. Preferably, the foam block 34 has a calibrated flow resistivity as a function of the allowable pressure drop. The diameter of a cell of the foam is between 520 and 720μηι. The foam block 34 has a density of between 27 and 31 kg / m3. The compressive strength at 40% is between 2.5 and 4.5 kPa. The elongation limit is of the order of 250%; while the tensile strength is of the order of 150 kPa.
[0045] Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3a et 3b, la plaque verticale 32 vient de matière avec la cuve inférieure 22. Alternativement, la plaque verticale 32 est rapportée et guidée verticalement par des glissières fixées à la cuve inférieure 22 du filtre à air 6. As can be seen in Figures 3a and 3b, the vertical plate 32 is made of material with the lower tank 22. Alternatively, the vertical plate 32 is attached and guided vertically by slides fixed to the lower bowl 22 of the filter to air 6.
[0046] Des zones 40 situées en bordure de la plaque verticale 32 sont dépourvues d'ouverture 33. Ces zones 40 sans ouverture 33 font face à l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans la cavité 37. La référence 151 représente l'entrée de l'écoulement d'air issu du conduit de décharge 1 1 . Cela permet d'éviter que la mousse du bloc 34 découvre une ouverture 33 au moment de la décharge susceptible de créer des fuites acoustiques nuisant aux performances du silencieux 30 en haute fréquence. Comme il est difficile de prévoir le mouvement de la mousse, les dimensions de chacune des zones 40 ont été déterminées à partir du mouvement de la mousse enregistré par des caméras à haute vitesse. On retient 10mm de large de chaque côté de la plaque verticale 32. Il n'est toutefois pas nécessaire de prévoir une zone 40 dépourvue d'ouverture 33 du côté de l'extrémité supérieure adjacente à la plaque horizontale 31 . Zones 40 located at the edge of the vertical plate 32 are devoid of opening 33. These zones 40 without opening 33 face the ejection of compressed air into the cavity 37. The reference 151 represents the entrance the air flow from the discharge duct 1 1. This prevents the foam block 34 discovers an opening 33 at the time of discharge likely to create acoustic leaks affecting the performance of the silencer 30 in high frequency. Since it is difficult to predict the movement of the foam, the dimensions of each of the zones 40 have been determined from the movement of the foam recorded by high speed cameras. 10mm wide is retained on each side of the vertical plate 32. It is however not necessary to provide a zone 40 without opening 33 on the side of the upper end adjacent to the horizontal plate 31.
[0047] L'épaisseur de la plaque verticale 32 est choisie de façon à ne pas être trop faible car cela rend difficile le contrôle de la structure tourbillonnaire du jet en sortie d'orifice, ni trop épaisse car cela augmente la perte de charge issue du système d'orifices sans gain notable sur la performance acoustique. Une épaisseur de la plaque verticale 32 égale à 3mm constitue un bon compromis. [0048] La plaque verticale 32 comporte une pluralité de rangées d'ouvertures 33. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, la plaque verticale 32 comporte cinq rangées de sept ouvertures 33 chacune et d'une rangée de six ouvertures 33 placée à l'extrémité inférieure de la plaque 32, soit 41 ouvertures 33 au total. Les ouvertures 33 possèdent chacune un diamètre de 3mm. Néanmoins, comme leur extrémité est très légèrement évasée, à l'identique d'un diffuseur, le diamètre total d'un orifice est plus proche de 3,3mm que de 3mm. Bien entendu, le nombre et les dimensions des ouvertures 33 pourront varier en fonction de la configuration du filtre à air 6. The thickness of the vertical plate 32 is chosen so as not to be too weak because it makes it difficult to control the vortex structure of the jet orifice outlet, nor too thick because it increases the resulting pressure drop. of the orifice system without significant gain in acoustic performance. A thickness of the vertical plate 32 equal to 3 mm is a good compromise. The vertical plate 32 has a plurality of rows of openings 33. In the embodiment, the vertical plate 32 has five rows of seven openings 33 each and a row of six openings 33 placed at the end. lower plate 32, 41 openings 33 in total. The openings 33 each have a diameter of 3 mm. However, as their end is very slightly flared, the same as a diffuser, the total diameter of an orifice is closer to 3.3mm than 3mm. Of course, the number and dimensions of the openings 33 may vary depending on the configuration of the air filter 6.
[0049] Le positionnement d'une ouverture 33 par rapport à une autre dans la plaque verticale 32, est déterminé à partir de règles issues des travaux de Middelton et Clark (P.J.F. "Asseoient and development of methods of acoustic performance prédiction for jet noise suppressors Institute for aerospace studies", AFOSR 69-0780, 1969) sur la prédiction du bruit de jet de tuyères silencieuses. Ces règles permettent de déterminer un rapport optimal a correspondant au rapport entre le rayon d'une ouverture 33 et la somme du rayon et de l'écart entre deux ouvertures 33 adjacentes qui est de l'ordre de 0.73. On définit ainsi une valeur d'écart E entre deux orifices égale à 0,6mm pour un rayon R agrandi d'une ouverture 33 égal à 1 ,65mm (cf. figure 3b). L'écart E entre deux orifices 33 est mesuré suivant la droite passant par le centre des deux orifices 33. The positioning of an opening 33 relative to another in the vertical plate 32, is determined from rules from the work of Middelton and Clark (PJF "Assepuis and development of methods of acoustic performance prediction for jet noise suppressors Institute for aerospace studies ", AFOSR 69-0780, 1969) on the prediction of the noise of jet of silent nozzles. These rules make it possible to determine an optimum ratio a corresponding to the ratio between the radius of an opening 33 and the sum of the radius and the distance between two adjacent openings 33 which is of the order of 0.73. A gap value E between two orifices equal to 0.6 mm is thus defined for a radius R enlarged by an opening 33 equal to 1.65 mm (see FIG. 3b). The gap E between two orifices 33 is measured along the straight line passing through the center of the two orifices 33.
[0050] Par ailleurs, le bloc de mousse 34 présente des dimensions correspondant aux dimensions de la cavité 37 de manière à épouser la forme de cette cavité 37. Cela permet d'éviter l'amplification sonore liée à l'excitation de la cavité 37 par un écoulement cisaillé. En l'occurrence, comme cela est visible sur la figure 4, le bloc de mousse 34 comporte une portion parallélépipédique 41 ainsi qu'un talon 42. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, la portion parallélépipédique 41 possède des dimensions de hauteur, de largeur, et de profondeur égales respectivement à 50mm, 65mm, et 45mm. Le talon 42 possède des dimensions hauteur, largeur, profondeur égales respectivement à 10mm, 80mm et 60mm. Furthermore, the foam block 34 has dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the cavity 37 so as to match the shape of this cavity 37. This avoids the sound amplification related to the excitation of the cavity 37 by a shear flow. In the present case, as can be seen in FIG. 4, the foam block 34 comprises a parallelepipedal portion 41 and a heel 42. In the exemplary embodiment, the parallelepipedal portion 41 has dimensions of height, of width , and depth equal to 50mm, 65mm, and 45mm respectively. The heel 42 has dimensions height, width, depth equal to 10mm, 80mm and 60mm respectively.
[0051 ] Comme cela est illustré sur la figure 2b, la plaque horizontale 31 qui est rapportée par rapport au carter 20 repose sur le talon 42 en mousse de manière à comprimer le talon 42 contre une bordure de la cuve intermédiaire 23. Cela permet d'assurer l'étanchéité acoustique du silencieux et le maintien en position de la mousse lors des décharges d'air comprimé successives. Lorsque le talon 42 est comprimé par la plaque horizontale 31 , sa hauteur passe de 10mm (hauteur au repos) à 2mm. [0052] Comme pour la plaque verticale 32, la valeur de l'épaisseur de la plaque horizontale 31 , qui est par exemple de l'ordre de 3mm, résulte d'un compromis de prestations entre l'acoustique et l'aéraulique. La plaque horizontale 31 comporte dans le cas présent sept rangées de neuf ouvertures 33 chacune, soit 63 ouvertures 33 au total. Les ouvertures 33 possèdent chacune un diamètre de l'ordre de 4mm. Tout comme pour la plaque verticale 32, l'extrémité de chaque ouverture 33 est très légèrement évasée, de sorte que le diamètre total est plus proche de 4,4mm que de 4mm. As shown in Figure 2b, the horizontal plate 31 which is reported relative to the housing 20 rests on the heel 42 of foam so as to compress the heel 42 against a border of the intermediate vessel 23. This allows to ensure the soundproofness of the silencer and the holding in position of the foam during successive discharges of compressed air. When the heel 42 is compressed by the horizontal plate 31, its height goes from 10mm (height at rest) to 2mm. As for the vertical plate 32, the value of the thickness of the horizontal plate 31, which is for example of the order of 3 mm, results from a compromise of benefits between the acoustics and the aeraulic. The horizontal plate 31 has in this case seven rows of nine openings 33 each, or 63 openings 33 in total. The openings 33 each have a diameter of the order of 4 mm. As for the vertical plate 32, the end of each opening 33 is very slightly flared, so that the total diameter is closer to 4.4mm than 4mm.
[0053] Le positionnement des ouvertures 33 les unes par rapport aux autres est déterminé à partir des règles issues des travaux de Middelton et Clark. Cela amène à retenir une valeur a égale à 0,71 , ce qui définit une valeur d'écart E égale à 0,9mm si le rayon R agrandi d'une ouverture 33 est égal à 2,25mm. The positioning of the openings 33 relative to each other is determined from the rules from the work of Middelton and Clark. This leads to a value equal to 0.71, which defines a difference value E equal to 0.9 mm if the enlarged radius R of an opening 33 is equal to 2.25 mm.
[0054] Au moins une zone 45 située en bordure de la plaque horizontale 31 et surplombant l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans la cavité 37 est dépourvue d'ouverture 33. Cette zone 45 s'étend par exemple sur 25mm de large. Cela permet d'éviter que la mousse découvre une ouverture 33 de la plaque au moment de la décharge. At least one zone 45 located at the edge of the horizontal plate 31 and overhanging the ejection of the compressed air in the cavity 37 is devoid of opening 33. This zone 45 extends for example over 25mm wide. This prevents the foam discovers an opening 33 of the plate at the time of discharge.
[0055] Le filtre à air 6 comporte en outre un système de fixation 48 de la plaque horizontale 31 au carter 20 montré sur la figure 2a. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la plaque horizontale 31 est fixée à la cuve intermédiaire 23 du filtre à air 6 au moyen d'une réglette 49 positionnée sur la cuve intermédiaire 23 du côté du piquage 15 et de deux agrafes 50 solidarisant la plaque horizontale 31 à des arches ménagées dans une cuve intermédiaire 23. The air filter 6 further comprises a fastening system 48 of the horizontal plate 31 to the housing 20 shown in Figure 2a. In this embodiment, the horizontal plate 31 is fixed to the intermediate tank 23 of the air filter 6 by means of a strip 49 positioned on the intermediate tank 23 on the stitching side 15 and two staples 50 solidarisant the horizontal plate 31 arches formed in an intermediate tank 23.
[0056] Alternativement, comme cela est illustré sur la figure 5, la plaque horizontale 31 est équipée d'un dispositif d'encliquetage 51 destiné à coopérer par déformation élastique avec une forme correspondante ménagée dans la structure de la cuve intermédiaire 23 du filtre à air 6. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the horizontal plate 31 is equipped with a latching device 51 intended to cooperate by elastic deformation with a corresponding shape formed in the structure of the intermediate tank 23 of the filter. air 6.
[0057] En variante, les plaques 31 et 32 présentent des orientations différentes adaptées à la configuration du carter 20 du filtre à air 6. Les plaques 31 et 32 ne sont donc pas nécessairement perpendiculaires l'une par rapport à l'autre. En variante, le filtre à air 6 est dépourvu de plaques trouées 31 , 32, seul le bloc de mousse 34 permettant alors de réduire le bruit de décharge. [0058] Alternativement, le bloc de mousse 34 est fixé au moyen d'une couche de matériau rugueux, par exemple de type velcro, tapissant les parois intérieures du carter 20 du filtre à air 6. Une fixation par collage est de préférence à éviter, dans la mesure où cela réduit fortement les performances acoustiques de la mousse car les cellules qui étaient initialement ouvertes deviennent artificiellement fermées. De plus, le collage produit des zones de fortes contraintes qui favorisent l'arrachement. Alternatively, the plates 31 and 32 have different orientations adapted to the configuration of the casing 20 of the air filter 6. The plates 31 and 32 are not necessarily perpendicular to one another. Alternatively, the air filter 6 is free of perforated plates 31, 32, only the foam block 34 then to reduce the discharge noise. Alternatively, the foam block 34 is fixed by means of a layer of rough material, for example Velcro type, lining the inner walls of the casing 20 of the air filter 6. An attachment by gluing is preferably to be avoided since this greatly reduces the acoustic performance of the foam because the cells that were initially opened become artificially closed. In addition, gluing produces zones of strong stresses that favor tearing.
[0059] Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 6a et 6b, la plaque horizontale 31 et la plaque verticale 32 appartiennent à une cage rapportée 54 enserrant le bloc de mousse 34. La cage 54 comporte également d'autres parois de manière à former une cage creuse de forme parallélépipédique ayant une forme complémentaire de la cavité 37 avec une face ouverte pour autoriser l'insertion de la portion parallélépipédique du bloc 34 à l'intérieur de la cage 54. La cage 54 comporte une charnière 55 et un moyen d'encliquetage 56, constitué en l'occurrence par une languette élastique, destinés à coopérer chacun avec une forme correspondante ménagée sur une des deux extrémités transverses de la cuve intermédiaire 23 du filtre à air 6. Cela permet d'assurer la mise en place et le maintien en position de la cage 54 lors des décharges successives. In the embodiment of Figures 6a and 6b, the horizontal plate 31 and the vertical plate 32 belong to an attached cage 54 enclosing the foam block 34. The cage 54 also comprises other walls to form a hollow cage parallelepiped shape having a shape complementary to the cavity 37 with an open face to allow the insertion of the parallelepipedal portion of the block 34 inside the cage 54. The cage 54 comprises a hinge 55 and a means of snap 56, constituted in this case by a resilient tongue, each intended to cooperate with a corresponding shape formed on one of the two transverse ends of the intermediate tank 23 of the air filter 6. This ensures the establishment and maintaining the position of the cage 54 during successive discharges.
[0060] La cage 54 présente également des zones d'appui 57 sur les parois du filtre à air 6. Au moins une de ces zones d'appui 57 sert à comprimer la mousse dans la cage 54. À l'exception de la zone située en vis-à-vis de l'écoulement, la cage 54 comporte 148 trous de diamètre 3mm répartis sur chacune de ses parois. The cage 54 also has support zones 57 on the walls of the air filter 6. At least one of these support zones 57 serves to compress the foam in the cage 54. With the exception of the zone located opposite the flow, the cage 54 has 148 holes of diameter 3 mm distributed on each of its walls.
[0061 ] Comme précédemment, le matériau absorbant est une mousse poreuse à cellules ouvertes de forte résistivité à l'écoulement du même type que celle décrite précédemment. Le bloc de mousse 34 se compose d'une portion parallélépipédique 41 qui est logée dans la cage trouée 54 et d'un talon 42 qui fait face à l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans le filtre à air 6. As before, the absorbent material is an open-cell porous foam of high flow resistivity of the same type as that described above. The foam block 34 consists of a parallelepipedal portion 41 which is housed in the perforated cage 54 and a heel 42 which faces the ejection of the compressed air into the air filter 6.
[0062] Les atténuations acoustiques obtenues avec ce mode de réalisation sont moins bonnes que celles obtenues avec le premier mode de réalisation. L'écart de performance est principalement dû au fait que le silencieux est une pièce indépendante. En conséquence, on observe la présence de cavités et de fuites d'air à l'endroit de son installation dans le filtre 6 qui sont excitées par l'écoulement, ce qui cause une amplification du bruit de décharge. [0063] Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 7a et 7b, la plaque horizontale 31 et la plaque verticale 32 appartiennent à un élément rapporté 60 sensiblement en forme de U entre les parois duquel est coincé le bloc de mousse 34. En l'occurrence, la paroi horizontale 31 forme le fond du U, la paroi verticale 32 forme une des branches et une troisième paroi 32' parallèle à la paroi 32 forme la deuxième branche du U. The acoustic attenuations obtained with this embodiment are worse than those obtained with the first embodiment. The difference in performance is mainly due to the fact that the muffler is an independent piece. As a result, the presence of cavities and air leaks at the location of its installation in the filter 6 are observed which are excited by the flow, which causes an amplification of the discharge noise. In the embodiment of Figures 7a and 7b, the horizontal plate 31 and the vertical plate 32 belong to a substantially U-shaped insert 60 between the walls of which is jammed the foam block 34. In this case the horizontal wall 31 forms the bottom of the U, the vertical wall 32 forms one of the branches and a third wall 32 'parallel to the wall 32 forms the second branch of the U.
[0064] Afin d'assurer le maintien en position de l'élément 60 lors des décharges successives, le filtre à air 6 comporte un ensemble de moyens d'encliquetage 61 destinés à coopérer avec des formes correspondantes ménagées sur les deux extrémités transverses de la cuve intermédiaire 23. En outre, les deux parois verticales 32, 32' du silencieux en regard l'une de l'autre viennent en appui sur des parois correspondantes du filtre à air 6. Il est à noter que ce phénomène est amplifié lorsque la mousse poreuse est insérée entre ces deux parois. In order to maintain the position of the element 60 during successive discharges, the air filter 6 comprises a set of latching means 61 intended to cooperate with corresponding shapes formed on the two transverse ends of the intermediate tank 23. In addition, the two vertical walls 32, 32 'of the silencer facing each other bear against the corresponding walls of the air filter 6. It should be noted that this phenomenon is amplified when the porous foam is inserted between these two walls.
[0065] Le silencieux 30 comporte par exemple dans cette réalisation 152 trous de diamètre 3mm et d'entraxe 6mm répartis sur les trois parois 31 , 32, et 32'. La forme de chacune des parois 31 , 32, 32' épouse la paroi du filtre à air 6 correspondante. Le matériau absorbant du bloc de mousse 34 est du même type que celui décrit précédemment. The muffler 30 comprises for example in this embodiment 152 holes 3mm diameter and spacing 6mm distributed on the three walls 31, 32, and 32 '. The shape of each of the walls 31, 32, 32 'matches the wall of the corresponding air filter 6. The absorbent material of the foam block 34 is of the same type as that described above.
[0066] Un tel mode de réalisation est toutefois relativement complexe à mettre en œuvre dans la mesure où il est difficile d'obtenir une étanchéité acoustique optimale au niveau des parois horizontale et verticale du fait du caractère indépendant de l'élément 60 par rapport au filtre à air 6. Par ailleurs, le dimensionnement des trous les uns par rapport aux autres conduits à une atténuation réduite du bruit de mélange turbulent. Such an embodiment is however relatively complex to implement insofar as it is difficult to obtain optimum acoustic sealing at the horizontal and vertical walls because of the independent nature of the element 60 with respect to the 6. In addition, the dimensioning of the holes relative to each other ducts to a reduced attenuation of turbulent mixing noise.
[0067] En variante, les orifices 33 en forme de diffuseur pourront présenter une forme circulaire ou rectangulaire, ou une forme permettant d'orienter le flux. En variante, le silencieux 30 comporte des orifices circulaires réalisés dans des plaques métalliques. Alternatively, the openings 33 in the form of a diffuser may have a circular or rectangular shape, or a shape for directing the flow. In a variant, the silencer 30 comprises circular orifices made in metal plates.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Filtre à air (6) pour ligne d'admission (2) de moteur à combustion interne (1 ) suralimenté comportant: An air filter (6) for an intake line (2) of a supercharged internal combustion engine (1) comprising:
- un carter (20), a housing (20),
- un média filtrant (21 ) situé à l'intérieur dudit carter (20),  a filtering medium (21) located inside said housing (20),
- une entrée d'air (26) en amont dudit média filtrant (21 ) et une sortie d'air (27) en aval dudit média filtrant (21 ), et  an air inlet (26) upstream of said filter media (21) and an air outlet (27) downstream of said filter media (21), and
- un piquage (15) destiné à être relié à un conduit de décharge (1 1 ),  a stitching (15) intended to be connected to a discharge duct (1 1),
caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre à air (6) comporte en outre un dispositif (30) de réduction du bruit de décharge comprenant: characterized in that said air filter (6) further comprises a discharge noise reduction device (30) comprising:
- un bloc de mousse poreuse (34) placé à l'intérieur d'une cavité (37) dudit filtre à air (6), ledit bloc de mousse (34) étant destiné à être traversé par de l'air comprimé issu dudit conduit de décharge (1 1 ) de manière à réduire par absorption l'énergie acoustique de l'air comprimé issu dudit conduit de décharge (1 1 ).  a porous foam block (34) placed inside a cavity (37) of said air filter (6), said foam block (34) being intended to be traversed by compressed air coming from said duct (34); discharge (1 1) so as to reduce by absorption the acoustic energy of the compressed air from said discharge conduit (1 1).
2. Filtre à air selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit bloc de mousse (34) comporte une portion parallélépipédique (41 ) ainsi qu'un talon (42). 2. Air filter according to claim 1, characterized in that said foam block (34) comprises a parallelepipedal portion (41) and a heel (42).
3. Filtre à air selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif (30) de réduction du bruit de décharge comporte en outre un ensemble de plaques (31 , 32) comprenant au moins une première plaque (31 ) et une deuxième plaque (32), lesdites plaques (31 , 32) comportant chacune une pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes (33), lesdites plaques étant au contact dudit bloc de mousse poreuse (34) 3. Air filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said device (30) for reducing the discharge noise further comprises a set of plates (31, 32) comprising at least a first plate (31) and a second plate (32), said plates (31, 32) each having a plurality of through apertures (33), said plates being in contact with said porous foam block (34)
4. Filtre à air selon les revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite première plaque (31 ) repose sur ledit talon de mousse (42) de manière à comprimer ledit talon de mousse (42). 4. Air filter according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said first plate (31) rests on said foam heel (42) so as to compress said foam heel (42).
5. Filtre à air selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite deuxième plaque (32) vient de matière avec une cuve inférieure (22) appartenant audit carter (20). 5. Air filter according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said second plate (32) is made of material with a lower tank (22) belonging to said housing (20).
6. Filtre à air selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite deuxième plaque (32) est rapportée et guidée verticalement par des glissières fixées à une cuve inférieure (22) appartenant audit carter (20). 6. An air filter according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said second plate (32) is attached and guided vertically by slides attached to a lower tank (22) belonging to said housing (20).
7. Filtre à air selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que des zones (40) situées en bordure de ladite deuxième plaque (32) sont dépourvues d'ouverture (33), lesdites zones (40) sans ouverture (33) étant destinées à faire face à l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans ladite cavité (37). 7. Air filter according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that zones (40) located at the edge of said second plate (32) are devoid of opening (33), said zones (40) without opening (33) being intended to cope with the ejection of compressed air into said cavity (37).
8. Filtre à air selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une zone (45) située en bordure de ladite première plaque (31 ) est dépourvue d'ouverture (33), ladite zone (45) dépourvue d'ouverture (33) surplombant l'éjection de l'air comprimé dans ladite cavité (37). 8. Air filter according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that at least one zone (45) located on the edge of said first plate (31) is devoid of opening (33), said zone ( 45) without opening (33) overlooking the ejection of compressed air into said cavity (37).
9. Filtre à air selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un système de fixation (48) de ladite première plaque (31 ) audit carter (20) dudit filtre à air (6). 9. Air filter according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a fastening system (48) of said first plate (31) to said housing (20) of said air filter (6). ).
10. Filtre à air selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite première plaque (31 ) et ladite deuxième plaque (32) appartiennent à une cage rapportée (54) enserrant ledit bloc de mousse (34), ou appartiennent à un élément rapporté (60) ayant une section sensiblement en forme de U entre les parois duquel est coincé ledit bloc de mousse (34). An air filter according to claim 3, characterized in that said first plate (31) and said second plate (32) belong to an attached cage (54) enclosing said foam block (34), or belong to an insert (60) having a substantially U-shaped section between the walls of which is wedged said foam block (34).
11. Filtre à air selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bloc de mousse (34) remplit complètement la cavité (37). Air filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam block (34) completely fills the cavity (37).
12. Filtre à air selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (37) n'est définie que par deux plaques (31 ,32) munies d'ouvertures traversantes et disposées en vis-à-vis. 12. Air filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (37) is defined by two plates (31, 32) provided with through openings and arranged vis-à-vis.
EP16702166.6A 2015-01-29 2016-01-05 Air filter for the intake line of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP3250809A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550702A FR3032239B1 (en) 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 AIR FILTER FOR INTAKE LINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF MOTOR VEHICLE
PCT/FR2016/050004 WO2016120536A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-01-05 Air filter for the intake line of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine

Publications (1)

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EP3250809A1 true EP3250809A1 (en) 2017-12-06

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EP (1) EP3250809A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3032239B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016120536A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6859848B2 (en) * 2017-05-23 2021-04-14 トヨタ紡織株式会社 Internal combustion engine air cleaner
FR3073011A1 (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-03 Psa Automobiles Sa AIR FILTER FOR AN AIR INTAKE LINE OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008061363A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-08-20 Daeki Corporation, Suwon-si Air duct arrangement for vehicles
FR2932852B1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2010-08-13 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa APPARATUS FOR COOLING INTAKE AIR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
FR3002595B1 (en) * 2013-02-25 2016-12-23 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa AIR FILTER COMPRISING AN AIR INTAKE LINE OF AN ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
EP2902613B1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2018-01-31 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Air noise reduction device

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FR3032239B1 (en) 2018-07-27
FR3032239A1 (en) 2016-08-05

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