EP3250727B2 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils aus pressformgehärtetem, auf basis von aluminium beschichtetem stahlblech - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils aus pressformgehärtetem, auf basis von aluminium beschichtetem stahlblech Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3250727B2 EP3250727B2 EP17721056.4A EP17721056A EP3250727B2 EP 3250727 B2 EP3250727 B2 EP 3250727B2 EP 17721056 A EP17721056 A EP 17721056A EP 3250727 B2 EP3250727 B2 EP 3250727B2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- aluminum
- steel sheet
- press
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003139 primary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005619 secondary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003510 tertiary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 zinc-aluminum-iron Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000376 effect on fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/324—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal matrix material layer comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or a metal-matrix material with hard embedded particles, e.g. WC-Me
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12757—Fe
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a component made of press-hardened, aluminum-based steel sheet, the coating having a coating applied by hot-dipping that contains aluminum and silicon.
- the coating relates to an aluminum-silicon coating.
- press hardening can be used to produce high-strength components that are primarily used in the bodywork area.
- Press hardening can basically be carried out using two different process variants, namely the direct or indirect process. While in the indirect process the process steps of forming and hardening take place separately from each other, in the direct process they take place together in one tool. Only the direct method is considered below.
- a steel sheet is heated above the so-called austenitization temperature (Ac3).
- the steel sheet heated in this way is then transferred to a mold and formed into the finished component in a single-stage forming step and simultaneously cooled by the cooled mold at a rate that is above the critical cooling rate of the steel, so that a hardened component is produced.
- the steel sheet itself is usually cut out of a steel strip, usually wound up as a coil, and then further processed.
- the steel sheet to be formed is often referred to as a blank.
- Well-known hot-formable steels for this area of application include the manganese-boron steel "22MnB5" and, more recently, air-hardenable steels in accordance with the European patent EP 2 449 138 B1 .
- steel sheets with anti-scaling protection are also used for press hardening (e.g. for automotive body construction). used.
- press hardening e.g. for automotive body construction.
- the advantages here are that the blanks or components do not scale in the oven, which reduces wear on the press tools caused by chipped scale and the components often do not have to be extensively blasted before further processing.
- the following (alloy) coatings applied by hot-dipping are currently known for press hardening: aluminum-silicon (AS), zinc-aluminum (Z), zinc-aluminum-iron (ZF/Galvannealed), zinc-magnesium-aluminum (ZM ), as well as electrolytically deposited coatings made of zinc-nickel or zinc, the latter being converted into an iron-zinc alloy layer before hot forming.
- AS aluminum-silicon
- Z zinc-aluminum
- ZF/Galvannealed zinc-aluminum-iron
- ZM zinc-magnesium-aluminum
- electrolytically deposited coatings made of zinc-nickel or zinc the latter being converted into an iron-zinc alloy layer before hot forming.
- These corrosion protection coatings are usually applied to the hot or cold strip in a continuous process.
- US 2011/0300407 A1 is a method of manufacturing a press-hardened steel sheet for use in the automotive industry.
- the steel sheet is provided with an aluminum-silicon (AS) coating with a layer of 20 to 80 g/m 2 , heated to temperatures above 820 ° C and the temperature is maintained for some time (approx. 3 minutes).
- AS aluminum-silicon
- Different intermetallic phases are formed in the coating, for example Fe 3 Al, FeAl or Fe-Al 2 O 3 .
- the product is cooled in the press.
- European patent application EP 2 312 011 A1 describes a process for producing metallic coatings on cast parts for use in automobile construction.
- the cast part is coated with an aluminum alloy in a melt pool and then subjected to heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce a high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide layer. After the heat treatment, anodic oxidation is also provided.
- German patent specification DE 198 53 285 C1 presents a process for producing a protective layer on martensitic steel. Under a protective gas atmosphere (argon with 5% H 2 ), the steel to be coated is dipped into a melt made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, cooled and then hot isostatically pressed at the austenitizing temperature.
- the aluminum protective layer created in this way is between 100 and 200 ⁇ m thick and should contain an approx. 1 ⁇ m thick aluminum oxide layer on its surface, about the creation or maintenance of which no further information is provided.
- the advantage of aluminum-based coatings over zinc-based coatings is that, in addition to a larger process window (e.g. with regard to heating parameters), the finished components do not need to be processed before further processing need to be blasted.
- the finished components do not need to be processed before further processing need to be blasted.
- there is no risk of liquid metal embrittlement and no microcracks can form in the substrate area near the surface at the former austenite grain boundaries, which can have a negative effect on fatigue strength at depths of over 10 ⁇ m.
- the alloying of the coating with iron and the formation of a paintable surface topography require a correspondingly long residence time in the commonly used roller hearth furnace, which significantly extends the cycle times and reduces the economic efficiency of press mold hardening.
- the minimum residence time is therefore determined by the coating and not by the base material, for which only the necessary austenitization temperature would be necessary.
- the corrosion resistance is reduced by the increased alloying with iron, as the aluminum content in the alloy layer decreases with the furnace residence time and the iron content increases.
- longer ovens are usually used for AS boards in order to achieve high cycle rates despite the necessary oven dwell time. However, these are more expensive to purchase and operate and also require a lot of space.
- AS coatings Another disadvantage of AS coatings is that with very short annealing times, weldability using the spot welding process is extremely poor. This is expressed, for example, in only a very small welding area. The reason for this is, among other things, a very low contact resistance with short glow times.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a component from a press-hardened, aluminum-based steel sheet, which is cost-effective and leads to a component that has excellent paintability and weldability, in particular resistance spot weldability.
- aluminum-based coatings are understood to mean metallic coatings in which aluminum is the main component (in mass percent).
- examples of possible aluminum-based coatings are aluminum-silicon (AS), aluminum-zinc-silicon (AZ), as well as the same coatings with admixtures of additional elements such as magnesium, transition metals such as manganese, titanium and rare earths.
- a coating of the steel sheet according to the invention is produced, for example, in a melt pool with an Si content of 8 to 12% by weight, an Fe content of 1 to 4% by weight, and the balance being aluminum.
- the cover layers containing aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide act as ideal adhesion promoters for subsequent painting, in particular cathodic dip painting (KTL), on the component formed by press-hardening.
- KTL cathodic dip painting
- oven time increases accordingly due to the lower heating rate of the steel material.
- the typical ones Oven temperatures between 900 and 950 °C should also be maintained here.
- oven temperatures between 930 and 950 °C are advantageous.
- the cover layer according to the invention made of aluminum oxides and/or hydroxides has an advantageous effect on the resistance spot weldability with short furnace times, since the contact resistance is increased and good resistance heating is thus achieved.
- a thickness of this cover layer of at least 0.05 ⁇ m has proven to be positive.
- the thicker the top layer containing aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide the better the paint adhesion and the less infiltration due to corrosive attack.
- this cover layer is too thick, the contact resistance during resistance spot welding is too high, which in turn would worsen the weldability. Therefore, a maximum thickness of the top layer of 5 ⁇ m should not be exceeded.
- a thickness of between 0.10 and 3 ⁇ m was found for the top layer as a good compromise between weldability and paint adhesion.
- top layers with an average thickness of between 0.15 and 1 ⁇ m are particularly advantageous.
- the term is to be understood at least in some areas in the sense of local sections of the treated steel sheet or steel strip, so that a steel sheet or steel strip is created with structures and properties that differ from one another in a targeted manner.
- the top layer is preferably applied to the surface of the coating in a continuous process.
- the treatment advantageously takes place in an atmosphere which also contains proportions of basic components, preferably ammonia (NH 3 ), primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines (NH 2 R, NHR 2 ), NR 3 ).
- basic components preferably ammonia (NH 3 ), primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines (NH 2 R, NHR 2 ), NR 3 ).
- a thin oxide cover layer can advantageously be achieved by anodic oxidation (thin-film anodization), plasma oxidation and a cover layer containing hydroxide by means of a hot water treatment of the aluminum-based coating at temperatures of at least 90 ° C, advantageously at least 95 ° C and / or a treatment in steam at temperatures of at least 90 °C, advantageously at least 95 °C.
- gas phase treatment of the AS surface also achieves the same goal.
- the AS surface is treated with an atmosphere which can contain at least variable proportions of oxygen, water vapor, and optionally also proportions of basic components, in particular ammonia, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines.
- This treatment leads to a time- or temperature-controlled growth of a top layer containing aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide.
- the composition of the gas phase can be used to control the growth of the layer thickness of this top layer.
- the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 40 °C to 100 °C, preferably 90 °C to 100 °C. Lower treatment temperatures extend the treatment time; treatment temperatures above 100 °C may require pressure vessels.
- Both anodization and gas phase treatment lead to a cover layer containing aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide, which has network or needle-like structures on its surface.
- the associated increase in surface area improves the adhesion of subsequent KT painting. Since longer heating times are no longer necessary to form a surface topography that can be painted, the corrosion protection of the coating is also increased. This can be explained by the fact that with only a short annealing time required in the roller hearth furnace, less diffusion of aluminum and iron takes place. This also leads, among other things, to a relatively small interdiffusion zone. This is an example for an AS layer of the starting material of 150 g/m 2 (AS150) below 7 ⁇ m.
- the thicknesses of the interdiffusion layers I according to the invention for a layer layer of the starting material result from the linear relationship according to the following formulas for various sheet thickness-dependent Heating times: I ⁇ m ⁇ 1 35 ⁇ edition bilaterally G / m 2 + 19 7 (short heating time ) I ⁇ m ⁇ 1 35 ⁇ edition bilaterally G / m 2 + 5 7 (very short heating time ) I ⁇ m ⁇ 1 35 ⁇ edition bilaterally G / m 2 ⁇ 2 7 (extremely short heating time )
- the necessary heating time in the oven depends only on the sheet thickness, since the coating according to the invention does not require any holding time in the oven to produce a surface that can be painted. Thicker sheets therefore require longer heating times than thinner sheets.
- Table 1 lists short (220 seconds), very short (180 seconds) and extremely short (150 seconds) heating times compared to usual heating times (360 seconds) in the roller hearth furnace.
- Another positive effect of the short heating time is a significantly reduced proportion of pores in the alloy layer and in the diffusion zone. Pores arise during longer annealing times, for example due to the Kirkendall effect. Tests have shown that short-term annealing can reduce the total pore content to values of less than 6% and even to values of less than 4% or 2%. Which, for example, can have a beneficial effect on the suitability for welding.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the layer structure of the coating on a press-hardened component with a coating made of AS and the usual long heating time according to the prior art to achieve alloying of the coating with iron.
- An interdiffusion zone Fe(Al,Si) with a thickness of 7 to 14 ⁇ m is formed on the martensitic steel base material, on which a zone with different intermetallic phases (e.g. Fe 2 SiAl 2 and FeAl 2 ) has formed, the individual phases being in This zone can occur in rows or clusters.
- intermetallic phases e.g. Fe 2 SiAl 2 and FeAl 2
- Figure 2 shows the layer structure of a coating according to the invention on a press-hardened component with an AS coating on which a cover layer according to the invention containing aluminum oxide and / or hydroxide of at least 0.05 ⁇ m is formed and which is produced with shortened heating times compared to the prior art became.
- an interdiffusion zone is formed in which aluminum and silicon have diffused into the steel Fe(Al, Si). Due to the very short heating time required in the oven to the austenitization temperature, this layer, for example for AS150, has an average thickness of less than 7 ⁇ m.
- a further layer with different intermetallic phases forms on this layer, whereby the individual phases in this zone can appear in rows or clusters and on which an aluminum oxide and/or -hydroxide-containing cover layer is arranged with an average thickness of at least 0.05 ⁇ m to a maximum of 5 ⁇ m.
- Figure 3 graphically shows the thickness I of the interdiffusion zone according to the invention for a layer of the starting material between 50 g/m 2 and 180 g/m 2 according to the following relationship: I ⁇ m ⁇ 1 35 ⁇ edition bilaterally G / m 2 + 19 7
- Table 1 summarizes tests on paint adhesion (phosphating treatment typical for automobiles and cathodic dip painting; testing after 72 hours of condensation water constant climate according to DIN EN ISO 6270-2:2005 CH) and weldability (resistance spot welding) of press-hardened AS150 samples at 940 °C oven temperature and various heating times.
- the sheet thickness of the samples is 1.5 mm. It can be seen that good paint adhesion and weldability are only achieved with heating times of 220 s and less a cover layer containing aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide according to the invention is present. Short heating times of 220 s and less also resulted in interdiffusion layers of less than 7 ⁇ m on the press-hardened component.
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DE102016107152.8A DE102016107152B4 (de) | 2016-04-18 | 2016-04-18 | Bauteil aus pressformgehärtetem, auf Basis von Aluminium beschichtetem Stahlblech und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bauteils und dessen Verwendung |
PCT/EP2017/058918 WO2017182382A1 (de) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-04-13 | Bauteil aus pressformgehärtetem, auf basis von aluminium beschichtetem stahlblech und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen bauteils |
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EP3250727A1 EP3250727A1 (de) | 2017-12-06 |
EP3250727B1 EP3250727B1 (de) | 2021-07-07 |
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US (1) | US11339479B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP3250727B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR102189424B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN109477197B (ko) |
DE (1) | DE102016107152B4 (ko) |
RU (1) | RU2704339C1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2017182382A1 (ko) |
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WO2019171157A1 (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-12 | Arcelormittal | A manufacturing process of press hardened parts with high productivity |
US11926120B2 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2024-03-12 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel sheet for hot stamping |
EP4151770A4 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2023-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | HOT STAMPING ELEMENT |
EP4151771A4 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2023-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | STEEL SHEET FOR HOT STAMPING |
DE102020120580A1 (de) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | Muhr Und Bender Kg | Verfahren zum herstellen von beschichtetem stahlband, und verfahren zum herstellen eines gehärteten stahlprodukts |
DE102021118766A1 (de) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-26 | Kamax Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bauteil mit integrierter Aluminiumdiffusionsschicht und Aluminiumoxidschicht |
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KR102189424B1 (ko) | 2020-12-11 |
DE102016107152B4 (de) | 2017-11-09 |
DE102016107152A1 (de) | 2017-10-19 |
WO2017182382A1 (de) | 2017-10-26 |
RU2704339C1 (ru) | 2019-10-28 |
CN109477197A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
EP3250727B1 (de) | 2021-07-07 |
US20200308708A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
EP3250727A1 (de) | 2017-12-06 |
US11339479B2 (en) | 2022-05-24 |
CN109477197B (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
KR20190003502A (ko) | 2019-01-09 |
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