EP3246650B1 - A manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator - Google Patents
A manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3246650B1 EP3246650B1 EP16170581.9A EP16170581A EP3246650B1 EP 3246650 B1 EP3246650 B1 EP 3246650B1 EP 16170581 A EP16170581 A EP 16170581A EP 3246650 B1 EP3246650 B1 EP 3246650B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cover
- housing
- manifold
- slots
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
- F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/16—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing leakage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator.
- a leak test is conducted for leaks at a pressure of 1.3 x 16 MPa, giving test pressure of 20.8 MPa, in order to eliminate the defective heat exchangers before they are installed in further complex products.
- test pressure 20.8 MPa
- it was found such a test does not allow detecting small defects in brazed connections at an interface of large surfaces of the cover and housing of manifolds.
- a visual overview of manifolds with such defects does not give expected results.
- the cover 2 and the housing 4 are also joined together and sealed against each other by brazing in a brazing furnace.
- the aim of such connection is the sealing of all contact edges between the cover 2 and the housing 4.
- the brazing of the two relatively large surfaces, such as surfaces of the cover 2 and the housing 4 can lead to brazing defects in the form of gaps, which will result in leakage of the cooling medium out the housing 2 through the areas around the tubes 17 mounted loosely in the slots 10 and through said gaps in the brazed connection.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator.
- From the patent application publication
EP 2960609 is known a manifold corresponding to the preamble ofclaim 1, and in particular, a manifold for a heat exchanger comprising of two parts, namely the housing and the cover applied and bent over the housing, is known. Both those elements are provided with plurality corresponding slots for receiving flat tubes of the heat exchanger. The housing is provided with channels formed therein for the flow of a cooling medium, and the tubes, which pass through the slots in the housing and the slots in the cover, are in fluid communication for the fluid to these channels for the flow of a cooling medium. - During manufacturing of the manifold the cover is connected to the housing by brazing on the interfaces of the cover and housing. Brazing of two relatively large surfaces, which are surfaces of the cover and housing, can lead to defects of brazed connections in the form of gaps, which cause the leakage of the cooling medium flowing through the manifold and prevents the operation or deteriorates stability of the heat exchanger. This is due to the fact that during operation a surface is subjected to the effects of high pressure, including pressure having pulsed character, causing fatigue cracking of the cover or, less commonly, the housing in the locations of brazing discontinuities, leading to the loss of functionality of the manifold and the entire air conditioning system. Typically, during the production of a heat exchanger, a leak test is conducted for leaks at a pressure of 1.3 x 16 MPa, giving test pressure of 20.8 MPa, in order to eliminate the defective heat exchangers before they are installed in further complex products. However, it was found such a test does not allow detecting small defects in brazed connections at an interface of large surfaces of the cover and housing of manifolds. Also, a visual overview of manifolds with such defects does not give expected results.
- Satisfactory results of determining defects in brazed connections of covers and housings of manifolds could give a test carried out at pressure of 25-30 MPa, which, however, has a negative impact on the manufacturing cycle time, because such test is longer and must be carried out at increased requirements in terms of sealing and construction of the leak testing equipment.
- Another solution for the leak detection or brazing defects of covers and housings of manifolds, leading after a short operation period to leakage of the manifold, would be the use of a complicated system for detecting micro-deformations in the manifold, which would be carried out after completion of the leak test. However, this method is also complex and time-consuming.
- The aim of the present invention is to provide the manifold in which simple and efficient detection of defects of a brazed connection between the cover and the housing is possible, while it is easier and cheaper in the production.
- The above object is achieved by a manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular automotive radiator, according to
claim 1 and the following dependent claims. - The subject of the invention is also a heat exchanger, in particular an automotive radiator, according to
claim 12, comprising such manifold. - The manifold according to the invention, in which the cover having the shaped through holes are used, allows easy and quick detection of brazing defects occurring in the brazing connection between the cover and housing of the manifold during its manufacture. The use of the cover of the manifold having holes showing a leak during a production routine test allows manifolds to be easy determined which of them are tight and which are structurally weakened by defective brazing leading to premature failure during use of the heat exchanger by end users. Thus, the use of the manifold with a cover having the through holes according to the invention facilitates elimination of defective products at the manufacturing stage of the heat exchanger due to their defects that are undetectable during routine production testing, which heat exchangers of this type are subjected to.
- The present invention is described hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by its exemplary embodiments, wherein:
-
Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the manifold according to the invention. -
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a fragment of the heat exchanger having the manifold ofFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the manifold according to the invention, with a part of the cover cut off along the line A-A ofFig. 4 , in order to show the through holes in the cover. -
Fig. 4 shows a cover of the manifold viewed from the side faced to tubes. -
Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view from one side of a heat exchanger with manifolds according to the invention. - As shown in
Figs. 1-4 themanifold 1 according to the invention is adapted to attach theflat tubes 17 to it for conducting the cooling medium, to form theheat exchanger 19, in particular an automotive radiator, such as shown inFig. 5 and discussed hereinafter. - Each
manifold 1 comprises ahousing 4 and acover 2, as shown in particular inFig. 2 . - The
cover 2 is manufactured as one part of a metal sheet, preferably of aluminium or its alloys, having thickness 0.8 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 1 mm, by means of the stamping process in such manner that it substantially replicates an external shape of thehousing 4. Thecover 2 can be subjected to cladding with an alloy of lower melting point relative to the melting point of the substrate material (e.g. AISi alloy) on one or both sides in order to facilitate brazing. Thecover 2 hasplurality slots 3 formed in one row and parallel to each other for receivingflat tubes 17 when themanifold 1 is used in theheat exchanger 19, saidflat tubes 17 of theheat exchanger 19 are introduced, between which theribs 18 are extended. Theslots 3 are precisely matched to the dimensions of theflat tubes 17 and tightly receive thetubes 17. - The
housing 4 has a closed hollow profile, it is an one-piece element manufactured using an extrusion process, it has thick and solid walls resulting in its resistance to high operational pressure and it contains at least onechannel 5 in its interior at for the flow of a cooling medium. In the illustrated embodiment thehousing 4 comprises two separatelongitudinal channels housing 4 and theentire manifold 1. Thehousing 4 is also provided in its interior, i.e. oninternal surfaces channels flat tubes 17 abut. The stopping elements 8 can have a form of projections extending along thechannels surfaces channels housing 4 has plurality ofslots 10 at positions corresponding to the positions of theslots 3 in thecover 2, wherein theslots 10 need not be made with such accurate dimensions as theslots 3 of thecover 2, that is, their dimensions did not have to be exactly matched to the dimensions of theflat tubes 17, but it is sufficient that theslots 10 will have a size at least the same or larger than the size of theflat tubes 17, and hence also theslots 3. This results in that theflat tubes 17 are received loosely into theslots 10 and tightly into theslots 3. Like thecover 2, thehousing 4 is also preferably made of aluminium or its alloys. - Referring particularly to
Figs. 2 ,3 and5 , it can be noted that thecover 2 is laid and bent over thehousing 4, in particular over itscorners 9, so that, preferably, a larger portion of one of the outer surfaces of thehousing 4, opposite to the surface on which theslots 10 are made, remains an exposedsurface 12. It is sufficient that thecover 2 will cover at least a surface of thehousing 4, in which theslots 10 are arranged. Thecover 2 can protrude longitudinally beyond theends 14 of thehousing 4, so as to form aseat 15 for aplug 16, preferably made of aluminium or its alloys, for sealing the ends of thechannels entire manifold 1. In another embodiment (not shown) the plug can abut against the cover and the housing together. - As shown in
Figs. 1 and5 , in use of themanifold 1 according to the invention in theheat exchanger 19, theflat tubes 17 are inserted into theslots manifold 1, that is into thecover 2 and thehousing 4. Thetubes 17 are firstly received tightly into theslots 3 and next loosely into theslots 10 and abut against the stopping elements 8 in thehousing 4 with the result that their further inward movement into thehousing 4 is stopped and their position in the housing is fixed. This also results in that the outlets/inlets of theflat tubes 17 will not be blocked/closed by thesurfaces channels flat tubes 17 are secured to and sealed against themanifold 1 by brazing between theflat tube 17 and thecover 2, i.e. around theslots 3. - The
cover 2 and thehousing 4 are also joined together and sealed against each other by brazing in a brazing furnace. The aim of such connection is the sealing of all contact edges between thecover 2 and thehousing 4. However, the brazing of the two relatively large surfaces, such as surfaces of thecover 2 and thehousing 4, can lead to brazing defects in the form of gaps, which will result in leakage of the cooling medium out thehousing 2 through the areas around thetubes 17 mounted loosely in theslots 10 and through said gaps in the brazed connection. - Detection of defects of brazed connection between the
cover 2 and thehousing 4, leading to weakening the structure, leakages at the manufacturing stage of heat exchangers and during operation, is very important because the pressure of the cooling medium in the manifold is up 17 MPa, and even small brazing defects and small leakages cause the loss of functionality of the heat exchanger at end-users. - In order to enable easy detection such defects during the manufacture of the heat exchanger the
cover 2 according to the invention is provided with a number of throughholes 20 as shown inFigs. 3 and 4 , for detecting the leakage of the cooling medium. The throughholes 20 are formed in the areas of thecover 2 between itsslots 3 for seating of thetubes 17. In particular, thethrough holes 20 are preferably cylindrical and are arranged along the plane of symmetry of thecover 2 as shown inFigs. 1 ,3 and 4 , but there are also other possible cross-sections of those through holes and their location out of the plane of symmetry of thecover 2. While in the drawings one through hole is located between each twoadjacent slots 3, other arrangements of the slots are possible. If in a brazed connection of thecover 2 and the housing 4 a defect in the form of a gap, which causes the leakage of a cooling medium into the space between thecover 2 and thehousing 4, occurs it is possible to easily observe and locate the presence of that cooling medium in that intermediate space from outside of thecover 2 due to the leakage of that cooling medium through the throughhole 20 that is located closest to that gap. Thanks to that it is possible quick and reliable detecting of the heat exchanger having that defective manifold, to eliminate it from further production process and application in other complex products. - The through
holes 20 are formed in a known cheap and easy way through cutting them by a punching tool in a stamping process of thehousing 2. -
Fig. 5 shows the heat exchanger, in which manifolds 1 according to the invention are used. In the illustrated embodiment twoseparate manifolds 1 are arranged on the right side of theheat exchanger 19, wherein one of them is used for supplying the cooling medium into the heat exchanger, while the other is for discharging that medium. Thesemanifolds 1 are provided withports 13 on their exposedsurfaces 12, uncovered by thecover 2, for connection to an external circuit of a cooling medium. Theports 13 are in fluid communication with the channels of thehousing 4. Themanifold 1 shown inFig. 5 on the left side of theheat exchanger 19 is not provided with such ports, therefore it is only an intermediate element in theheat exchanger 19, i.e. the cooling medium enters through one of themanifolds 1 on the right side of the heat exchanger, flows through a part of the flat tubes, flows into themanifold 1 on the left side of the heat exchanger, re-enters later into the second part of theflat tubes 17 and exits through the other of themanifolds 1 on the right side of theheat exchanger 19. - In another embodiment (not shown) of the heat exchanger one manifold can be used on either side of it, each of which has a port, wherein one of the tubes is an inlet tube and the other is an outlet tube.
- Note that it is possible to exchange technical features between the above-described embodiments of the invention. It is possible to connect some manifolds in one longer manifold, wherein, in such a case, the manifolds without plugs are used which are firmly butt joined, and only then the ends of the extreme manifolds are closed with plugs.
Claims (12)
- A manifold (1) to a heat exchanger, in particular to an automotive radiator, comprising:a housing (4) which is an one-piece element having a closed profile and having at least one longitudinal channel (5) defined therein and also plurality of slots (10) located on one of the surfaces of said housing (4), wherein said slots (10) are in fluid communication to said at least one longitudinal channel (5); anda cover (2) laid on said housing (4) and having plurality of slots (3) at positions corresponding to the positions of said slots (10) of said housing (4) for receiving tubes (17) of the heat exchanger (19), wherein said cover (2) is connected to said housing (4) by a brazing connection;characterized in that:said cover (2) is provided with a number of through holes (20) for detecting leakage of the cooling medium through a brazed connection between said cover (2) and the housing (4), wherein said through holes (20) are formed in areas of the cover (2) between the slots (3).
- The manifold (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that said through holes (20) are arranged along the plane of symmetry of the cover (2).
- The manifold (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said through holes (20) are cylindrical and have diameter in a range from 0.5 to 4 mm.
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that said cover (2) and said housing (4) are made of aluminium or its alloys and are connected by means of brazing to each other.
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that said cover (2) comprises a cladded layer of an alloy having a lower melting point relative to the melting point of the substrate material deposited on at least one surface thereof.
- The manifold (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cover (2) has thickness in a range from 0.8 to 2 mm.
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of said slots (3) of said cover (2) is at least equal to or greater than the size of said slots (10) of said housing (4) .
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one longitudinal channel (5) comprises two channels (5a, 5b) separated by a reinforcement arch (7), wherein each said channel (5a, 5b) has its own stopping element (8) on its inner surface (6a, 6b) for positioning ends of the tubes (17) in the housing (4).
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one surface (12) of said housing (4) is exposed and comprises at least one port (13), which is in fluid communication to said at least one longitudinal channel (5), for connection to an external circuit of the cooling medium circuit.
- The manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is closed at both of its ends by a plug (16).
- The manifold according to Claim 8, characterized in that said plug (16) is made of aluminium or its alloys and is connected to said cover (2) and said housing (4) by means of brazing.
- A heat exchanger (19), in particular an automotive radiator, comprising the manifold (1) according to any one of Claims 1-12.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16170581.9A EP3246650B1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | A manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16170581.9A EP3246650B1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | A manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3246650A1 EP3246650A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
EP3246650B1 true EP3246650B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
Family
ID=56072242
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16170581.9A Active EP3246650B1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | A manifold for a heat exchanger, in particular for an automotive radiator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3246650B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2866913B2 (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1999-03-08 | 株式会社ゼクセル | Heat exchanger |
US20020036078A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-03-28 | Janezich Robert J. | Heat exchanger seal apparatus |
US7523782B2 (en) * | 2004-07-31 | 2009-04-28 | Valeo, Inc. | Heat exchanger having a double baffle |
EP2960609B1 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2022-10-05 | Valeo Autosystemy SP. Z.O.O. | Manifold, in particular for use in a cooler of a cooling system |
-
2016
- 2016-05-20 EP EP16170581.9A patent/EP3246650B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3246650A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
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