Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
  • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
  • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
  • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
  • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
  • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
  • B01D63/0821—Membrane plate arrangements for submerged operation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D71/06—Organic material
  • B01D71/48—Polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/02—Specific tightening or locking mechanisms
  • B01D2313/025—Specific membrane holders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/26—Specific gas distributors or gas intakes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/90—Additional auxiliary systems integrated with the module or apparatus
  • B01D2313/902—Integrated cleaning device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
  • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
  • B01D2321/02—Forward flushing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
  • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
  • B01D2321/185—Aeration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a mobile device for biological treatment of wastewater type bioreactor submerged membrane for treating greywater and black water. It is also a system for recycling said wastewater or possibly rejecting it in nature while ensuring the protection of the environment.
• This biological treatment is conventionally done by means of purified activated sludge, living in a tank in which the effluents to be treated are brought. These bacteria in fact consume the organic pollution, a membrane system then making it possible to carry out the solid / liquid separation, the permeate available downstream of the membrane (s) being sufficiently filtered to be optionally rejected.
• the device of the invention is subjected to very particular constraints, insofar as it sleeps 1. to be compact, that is to say of reduced volume, 2. to have a great autonomy of operation, in the sense of not require few human interventions; and 3. be easily transportable for the required mobility.
• the purpose of compactness is to allow simplified processing during maintenance phases, which typically have to be carried out by a single operator, at most two.
• the device must have for this purpose a volume, a weight and a configuration that allow manipulation by one or two people.
• the membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment device of the invention which is conventionally provided with a wastewater inlet conduit to treat and outlet duct of treated and filtered water, connected to a permeation pump, is characterized in that it comprises a container whose internal volume between 50 L and 300 L is parallelepipedic pace to two large vertical lateral sides, forming a reservoir in which the concentration of bacteria varies between 3 g / L and 30 g / L, divided into N columns (2 ⁇ N ⁇ 3) delimited by N-1 intermediate wall (s) (s) vertical separation (s) each providing an upper passage and a lower passage between columns for circulation between columns effluents.
• At least one diffuser of fine air bubbles is placed at the base of each column, each diffuser being connected to a control solenoid valve and to pumping means ensuring an air flow of at most 10 Nm 3 / h by diffuser.
• the clogging is particularly limited by the tangential flow to the right of the membranes as it results from the chosen configuration, in which the membrane surfaces are arranged parallel to the hydraulic flow, and participate in the laminarization of these flows.
• the air flow emitted by the diffusers then makes it possible to ensure that the tangential speeds are sufficient to the right of the membrane surfaces.
• the direction and the direction of the air flows emitted by the diffusers of fine air bubbles in their respective columns are identical, causing the diffusers of two adjacent columns to operate in opposition relative to the flow direction of the tributaries , their airflows being independently controlled independently.
• the diffusers inject air in opposite directions into the sludge circulation loop (s), which makes it possible to have a system capable of organizing a speed of air circulation allowing better control the rate of oxygen transfer, directly related to the concentration of bacteria.
• the membranes are arranged so that the same transverse distance e separates the membranes between them on the one hand and the end membranes and a long side or at least a median dawn partition, the vertical ribs of the membranes being located close to the short sides of the tank.
• the idea is not to offer a preferential path to effluent flows, which must be able to approach the membrane surfaces in the same conditions regardless of the position of the membrane, which facilitates the laminarization and homogeneity of the overall flow between membranes.
• the upper and lower passages create pressure drops in the hydraulic circuit forming at least one loop inside the tank, and in particular allow to control the speed of the effluent flow, in connection with the air flow rate from the diffusers that helps to move the sludge in ie (s) dit (s) hydraulic circuit (s). Turbulence can be created in these places, beneficial in the lower part because allowing to prevent fouling of the numerous orifices of the diffusers, which serve in particular to calibrate the bubbles: they must not have too large diameters, which would reduce the ability to transfer oxygen. At the same time, these losses reduce the overall efficiency of the system due to energy losses, resulting in a fine calibration of the upper and lower passages.
• the geometry of the reservoir, as well as the components present inside this reservoir are designed and chosen so as to improve the hydrodynamics of the streams, which also makes it possible to optimize the homogeneous oxygen transfer and to limit the phenomena of clogging of the membrane and diffusers.
• the membranes may be flat ultrafiltration membranes.
• the membrane surface used is close to the theoretical membrane surface calculated so that the permeation flux is less than the subcritical flux, for example 15 LMH.
• they may be constituted by rectangular flat plates with external filtering walls and hollow interior volume, fixed to one another in the vicinity of their corners by a system maintaining their separation distance e and comprising a tensor device for each membrane .
• the flow effluent circulating between the membranes, treated by the bacteria oxygenated liquid medium by the bubbles emitted by the diffuser located at the bottom of the column, is substantially laminar.
• the filtration is therefore tangentially, which makes essential the existence of air flows that help the flow of sludge in the columns in a direction substantially along their axis.
• the plates are kept at a distance from each other in each corner by spacer washers, a circular orifice formed in each corner of each membrane forming, with the central circular openings of the washers, a channel into which a rotary shaft is inserted. in said channel, an eccentric. According to its position, the eccentric located in each corner is made to tension, in cooperation with the eccentrics located in the other three corners, all the membrane plates at the same time.
• the eccentric bearing shaft connects the two long sides of the reservoir, and its end located in the coionne without membranes is provided with a damping stop. Said shaft further comprises means for locking the eccentric in tension position of each membrane.
• These means for locking the eccentric may for example consist of a nut placed on the shaft in the vicinity of the intermediate wall, column side without membranes.
• a notched flange projecting radially from said shaft in the vicinity of said wall, on the membrane filter column side, is moved in contact with a ring or toothed zone secured to said wall by clamping the nut towards and in contact with the partition.
• a tool which may be a simpie rod operable from the outside, insertable in a through-hole transversely the shaft, allows to rotate the shaft so as to tension the membrane plates.
• the membranes are also connected to a central hub consisting of central orifice spacers forming coaxial apertures with the same shape of the membranes, an evacuation manifold of the filtered liquid, of a shape perpendicular to the membranes, closed at its ends by flanges, one of which rests on one end of the hub and the other rests on a face of the intermediate wall opposite to that on which the hub.
• the two flanges are fixed to each other so as to compress the hub in an adjustable manner.
• These spacers like the washers of the systems applied to the corners of the membrane plates, have a thickness e corresponding to the spacing distance between the membranes.
• this distance is also that which is respected between the two end membranes and the walls facing them, so as not to favor any axis of flow for the effluents to be treated, which would have the effect of non-homogeneous filtration. , the coalescence of fine bubbles in large bubbles, non-homogeneous sludge circulation velocities and the creation of potential dead zones.
• the suction pipe of the filtered water is fixed to the flange resting against the intermediate wall and connected to the collector.
• the flanges are for example screwed by a screw whose head rests on one of the flanges and which is screwed into the other flange, allowing adjustment of the compression of the assembly.
• the inlet pipe of the wastewater actually opens in the upper part of the tank, above the upper passage, and has an inside diameter of less than 50 mm.
• the bioreactor is in practice placed, in the hydraulic circuit, downstream of a device which prevents the passage of foreign objects, likely to damage the filtration membranes.
• the tank further comprises a drain duct which opens at its lower part, the upper portion of which enters the tank from above and has a diameter of at least 20 mm.
• the lower section, located at one of the diffusers has a progressively flattened section with an exit orifice of rectangular shape of surface substantially equivalent to that of the upper section. It must be possible to empty said tank in a few minutes, which requires a certain sectional area for said conduit. Because of the limited space in the lower part and to ensure a homogeneous hydraulic flow, because of in particular the size of the diffusers, the section of the pipe must be adapted as mentioned above.
• the membranes are membranes with a porosity of 0.04 ⁇ m or with a cutoff threshold (MWCO) corresponding to a molecular weight of 150 kDa. They may be polyester sulphone PES.
• the invention is designed for tank volumes that are of the order of 50 to 300 liters: more specifically, a height of between 50 and 200 cm, for a thickness of 15 cm to 40 cm and a width of the order of that of the membranes (see below).
• This volume is compatible with the constraints initially posed, namely the creation of a compact mobile product, with a high concentration of bacteria and having an autonomy of several months.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation in section of a two-column reservoir of the membrane bioreactor device
• FIG. 2 shows, in perspective view, the different equipment dudtt tank
• FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic sectional view of the voltage system of the membranes and the collector
• FIG. 4 is a partial view, from the front, of a membrane stretched using such systems.
• FIG. 5 shows a tank configuration with three columns, shown very schematically.
• the reservoir (1) is divided transversely into two columns (2) and (3) by an intermediate partition (4).
• the columns are limited laterally by the large walls of the tank (1), parallel to the partition (4).
• Column (2) contains the membrane filter (5), consisting of a set of several parallel membranes (6) (in fact membranes of thin plates, of the order of 3 mm) maintained at the same distance e each other. Both membranes (6) end are also at the same distance e of the outer wall of the reservoir (1) on the one hand and the intermediate partition wall (4) on the other hand.
• the membrane filter (5) comprises a collector (7) through which the water filtered by the membranes (6) is evacuated via an orifice formed therein.
• This collector (7) is connected to an outlet duct (8) returning the filtered water to a hydraulic circuit including the wastewater treatment device of the invention, for example a recycling loop of wastewater from toilet, upstream of the flush tank.
• this conduit (8) opens into a permeation pump (not shown) which recirculates the filtered liquid for example to said flush tank, or other post-treatment device, or towards the natural environment.
• FIG. 1 also shows the pipes (9, 10) supplying air to two diffusers (11, 12) located at the bottom of the columns (2, 3) of the tank (1), and connected upstream to pumps (not shown) and the supply line (36) of the wastewater to be treated.
• the upper (13) and lower (14) passages make it possible to ensure the circulation of the sludge in a loop inside the tank (1).
• the membranes (6) of the membrane filter (5) must be stretched, in particular in order to preserve between them, at any point on their surface, the same spacing e and thus to ensure a smooth flow. homogeneous possible sludge, without favoring passages but without introducing losses of load either.
• the tensor device is located at each corner of the membrane filter (5), and is based on an eccentric (18) (see in particular in Figure 3). More specifically, the membranes (6) are separated by spacers washers (19) and surrounding an eccentric portion (18) of a shaft (20) joining the long sides of the tank (1). Said eccentric portion (18) of the shaft (20) takes place only at the level of the membranes (6), as is particularly visible in Figures 3 and 4.
• each membrane (6) the circular orifices that appear in each corner of each membrane (6) are coaxial with the circular openings of the washers (19), together creating a channel in which the rotary shaft (20), or more precisely its eccentric (18) can rotate.
• One end of the shaft (20) has a pin (21) which bears on one of the walls or long side of the tank (1) (not shown).
• the other end of the shaft (20) has a damping stop (22) which rests against the other wall of the tank (1). This stop (22) serves in particular to dampen shocks and vibrations that could affect the tank especially when placed in real conditions in rolling stock.
• the shaft (20) further includes a transverse orifice (23) in which an elongated tool can be insertable to rotate the shaft (20) for the purpose of tensioning and locking the membranes (6) of the membrane filter (5), as shown in Fig. 4 when the eccentric portions (18) are spaced from each other.
• a nut (25) moves on the shaft (20) when it is clamped towards the intermediate wall (4), helping to press a ring or toothed zone (28) integral with the intermediate wall (4) to a notched flange (27) protruding radially from the shaft (20), and thus blocking the assembly in tensioned position of the membranes (6), as results from FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the membranes (6) of the membrane filter (5) ) are tense, ready for use.
• the collector (7) also consists of a succession of spacers (28) of the washer type whose central orifice forms with coaxial openings made in the different membranes (6) a collector (7) for discharging the filtered liquid into the membrane plates (6) (symbolized by arrows).
• spacers (28) have the same thickness as the washers (19), and they maintain, within the membrane filter, the same spacing e between the membranes (6) adjacent that the wedge washers (19).
• the filtered water flows into the collector (7) through the edges of the openings in the membranes (6).
• Two flanges (29, 30) obstruct the two ends of the manifold (7), and are connected by a screw (31) resting in a recess (32) of the flange (29) while the threaded end is engaged in a hole Thread (33) of the flange (30).
• the flask (30) has a suction duct (35) connected to the outlet pipe (8) conveying the filtered water to the hydraulic circuit to which the membrane bioreactor treatment device of the invention belongs.
• the permeation pump which is arranged downstream is capable of handling a flow rate of the order of 90 L / h.
• the device is designed to manage 15 to 20 L of wastewater per hour, corresponding to between 15 and 20 operations of a flush (approximately 0.45 L of water + 0.3 L urine containing feces and toilet papers dissolved each time), and the pump is therefore dimensioned in this respect.
• the volumes and sizing of the components will be related to the quantity of wastewater to be treated.
• the membranes (6) of the membrane filter (5) are disposed in the reactor (1) in order to avoid any preferential flow of sludge which would be detrimental to the overall filtration process. It is emphasized again that, in the transverse dimension of the column, the same thickness e is preserved between all the membranes (6) as well as between the membranes (6) and the external wall of the reservoir (1) on the one hand, and the intermediate partition wall (4) on the other hand. In the width (not shown), that is to say on the lateral sides of the membranes (6), it should also be ensured that the effluents can not pass through a privileged corridor. This is the reason why said membranes (6) extend to close proximity to the short sides of the tank (1).
• the supply duct (36) in wastewater with an internal diameter of the order of 47 mm, in any case less than 50 mm, opens into the upper part of the tank (1), preferably above the level of the sludge in order to achieve a hydraulic rupture, avoiding any possibility of siphoning.
• the drain pipe (37) opens at the bottom and, to be provided with a section large enough to allow rapid emptying, its upper part has a diameter of the order of 22 mm or more, while its lower part, located at the level of a diffuser and having less space, is flattened with an exit section of rectangular shape for example of the order of 24 mm x 9 mm.
• FIG. 5 very schematically represents a reservoir (1) with three adjacent columns (2, 2 ⁇ 3) separated by partitions (4, 4 '), in which two wastewater circulation loops (symbolized by arrows giving the directions flows) coexist.
• Diffusers 11, 11 ', 12
• the membrane filter (not shown) is placed in the upper part of the central column (3) common to the two circulation loops. It operates exactly the same way as in the case of two columns, the circulation between columns (2, 2 ', 3) being provided by upper passages (13, 13') and lower (14, 14 ').

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
• Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-23 FR FR1463287A patent/FR3030481B1/fr active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-12-21 CN CN201580071102.5A patent/CN107207300A/zh active Pending
  • 2015-12-21 WO PCT/FR2015/053696 patent/WO2016102872A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-12-21 EP EP15832814.6A patent/EP3237339A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-12-21 US US15/539,345 patent/US20170349463A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-12-21 JP JP2017552242A patent/JP2018501106A/ja active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-07-11 ZA ZA2017/04668A patent/ZA201704668B/en unknown

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