EP3234251B1 - Appareil et procédé de compactage d'étoffes - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de compactage d'étoffes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3234251B1
EP3234251B1 EP15830844.5A EP15830844A EP3234251B1 EP 3234251 B1 EP3234251 B1 EP 3234251B1 EP 15830844 A EP15830844 A EP 15830844A EP 3234251 B1 EP3234251 B1 EP 3234251B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rollers
roller
compacting
chain
fabric
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Not-in-force
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EP15830844.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3234251A1 (fr
Inventor
Alessandro ZUCCHI
Stefano LAMPERTI
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Ferraro SpA
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Ferraro SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C21/00—Shrinking by compressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for compacting woven/ knitted and nonwoven fabrics in a planar or tubular configuration.
  • the yarns are not dimensionally stable by nature, because they are made of fibers, such as natural fibers, that are deformable both longitudinally and transversely. Water and soap act as a lubricant between the yarns, that thus can move and tend to relax and to return to their original length. This results in a shrinkage of a fabric up to a situation wherein the fibers reach a stable size condition, which causes considerable problems during the various processing steps of a fabric, as well as on finished clothing.
  • a fabric is made to pass through a humidification device supplied with water or steam in order to lubricate the fibers and promote their mobility within the fabric.
  • the fabric is wetted in such a way as to achieve a water content of about 15% by weight.
  • the fabric is subsequently expanded to a predetermined size by way of a special expansion device and then reaches a portion of the apparatus wherein an endless conveyor belt driven by a motorized roller and supported by a plurality of idle rollers is arranged.
  • the conveyor belt typically made of rubber or felt, is squeezed between one of the idle rollers and the motorized roller and is thus stretched proportionally to the applied pressure.
  • the previously wetted fabric is fed into the compression zone by the conveyor belt and is thus pressed therewith in correspondence of the rollers.
  • the fabric is arranged in such a way that the warp yarns are aligned in the feeding direction.
  • the conveyor belt recovers its original size, thereby dragging by friction the fabric arranged thereon.
  • the warp yarns are shortened in the feeding direction, thus bringing the weft yarns closer to each other.
  • the fabric is brought into a dryer where the fibers are completely dried and so blocked in their "compacted" condition.
  • a problem of the apparatuses that carry out the Sanfor compacting method is that the degree of compaction that may be achieved substantially depends on the thickness of the conveyor belt, which is generally comprised between 67 and 70 mm, and on the deformability of the material forming the conveyor belt.
  • the Sanfor compacting method may be less effective when processing synthetic fabrics, because these are generally more slippery than those made of natural fibers and thus do not easily adhere to the surface of a rubber tape.
  • Highly thick fabrics can also slip in contact with the conveyor belt in their mutual contact portion, thereby reducing the compaction degree, which makes the choice of the material of the conveyor belt, for example an elastomeric material, generally rather difficult.
  • the international publication WO 2008/052025 discloses an apparatus for the compaction of fabrics comprising a feeding roller and a retarding roller arranged close to the feeding roller, wherein the retarding roller may be rotated in an opposite direction with respect to the feeding roller.
  • the retarding roller rotates at an angular velocity that is lower than the angular velocity of the feeding roller.
  • the blade profiles define a transition zone having a calibrated thickness in correspondence of which the fabric in contact with the feeding roller contacts the retarding roller. Since the retarding roller rotates at a lower speed than feeding roller, the fabric slows down at the passage defined by the blade profiles, thus undergoing a compaction in the feeding direction for its whole width.
  • the fabric is arranged with the warp yarns aligned in the feeding direction, whereby in the transition area from the feeding roller to the delaying roller compaction is carried out by approaching the weft yarns to one another.
  • the fabric is subjected to a steam treatment upstream of the feeding roller in order to facilitate sliding of the fibers during the compaction process.
  • Patent US 2262268 discloses a compacting apparatus wherein after a steaming treatment a fabric to be compacted is received between two conveyor belts supported by a plurality of motorized rollers.
  • the motorized rollers arranged at an inlet and an outlet of a path between the conveyor belts are operated at different angular velocities, which determines a tangential speed of the conveyor belts that is slower and slower in a feeding direction of the fabric. Consequently, the velocity of the fabric between the conveyor belts at the inlet is higher than its velocity at the outlet, thereby causing compaction of fabric fibers.
  • An idea of solution underlying the invention is to make a compacting apparatus provided with at least one pair of compacting units provided with respective conveyor belts and to arrange such compacting units so that their respective conveyor belts face each other and a compacting slit suitable to allow passage of a fabric by dragging is defined between them.
  • the fabric is fed from an inlet to an outlet of the compacting slit of in a longitudinal direction and the moving velocity of the fabric is temporarily increased and subsequently decreased in a portion of the slit which extends between an intermediate position thereof and its outlet.
  • the local variation of the moving velocity causes a compaction of the fibers at the outlet of the slit.
  • Compaction is carried out in an extremely precise way by moving the conveyor belts of the compacting units by way of respective chains having an extensible/retractable structure.
  • These chains are supported by respective sets of rollers comprising a pair of motorized rollers arranged consecutively to each other at an intermediate position and at the outlet of the slit.
  • the motorized rollers are operated such that the angular velocity of the roller that precedes in the feeding direction of the fabric, i.e. the compacting direction, is higher than the angular velocity of the roller that follows, which is arranged at the outlet of the slit.
  • the invention also advantageously provides a step of adjusting the position of a toothed redirecting roller of the sets of rollers which respectively support the chains of the compacting units.
  • the operation of the compacting units is advantageously controlled automatically by a control system and adjustments of the difference between the angular velocities of the motorized roller that precedes and of the motorized roller that follows of the pair of motorized rollers which carry out compaction of the fabric takes place simultaneously and in a synchronized manner in the two compacting units.
  • Another advantage offered by the invention is that compaction of the fabrics is carried out by way of a compression process that is purely mechanical and does not require the aid of humidification means, drying means and the like, which allows to achieve treatment velocities higher than those which characterize apparatuses based on the Sanfor method and other compacting apparatuses known in the field.
  • a compacting apparatus is generally indicated by reference numeral 100 and comprises two compacting units 200, 300 arranged in a mirror fashion with respect to a longitudinal direction L, which represents the direction along which a fabric F to be processed is moved throughout the apparatus 100.
  • the path of the fabric F is schematically indicated by a dashed line.
  • the compacting units 200, 300 are spaced apart in a vertical direction V perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L and define between them a compacting slit 400 through which a fabric F to be processed is received and made to pass.
  • the fabric F is fed in the longitudinal direction L from an inlet 401 to an outlet 402 of the slit 400 undergoing a compaction process as it will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • the height of the slit 400 is adjusted according to the thickness of the fabric F to be processed and for this purpose the apparatus 100 comprises suitable linear actuators restrained between frames 201, 301 of the compacting units 200, 300.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises suitable linear actuators restrained between frames 201, 301 of the compacting units 200, 300.
  • two linear actuators 101, 102 mounted on the frame 201 of the compacting unit 200 are e.g. shown, the actuators being respectively restrained to the frame 301 of the compacting unit 300.
  • each compacting unit 200, 300 comprises a conveyor belt 210, 310 supported by a plurality of rollers which together define an endless closed path.
  • the conveyor belt 210, 310 of each compacting unit 200, 300 is made of a compressible material in the longitudinal direction, such as e.g. rubber or felt, or may be formed by an air chamber.
  • a compressible material in the longitudinal direction, such as e.g. rubber or felt, or may be formed by an air chamber.
  • combinations of conveyor belts made of different materials may be foreseen.
  • the closed endless paths have respective flat portions between the inlet 401 and the outlet 402 of the slit 400 and respective diverging portions beyond the outlet 402, which allow to release a processed fabric F so that it may be collected from the apparatus 100 or proceed to further treatment units.
  • the conveyor belts 210, 310 circulate along their respective endless paths in opposite rotation directions, thus allowing to drag a fabric to be treated along the slit 400 from the inlet 401 to the outlet 402.
  • the conveyor belts 210, 310 are dragged by respective chains 220, 320 of the compacting units 200, 300 arranged beneath them, that mate the faces of the conveyor belts opposite to the face intended to contact a fabric F to be treated.
  • the chains 220, 320 are supported by a plurality of rollers, some of which are motorized rollers and others are idle rollers, forming a closed endless path which overlaps at least partially with the path of the conveyor belts 210, 310.
  • the rollers that support the chains are also supporting rollers of the conveyor belts, as it will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
  • the overlapping portion between the two closed endless paths is at least the flat portion of the slit 400 comprised between the inlet 401 and the outlet 402.
  • the overlapping portion between the endless paths of the conveyor belts 210, 310 and chains 220, 320 also comprises a part of the diverging portions beyond the outlet 402.
  • Each chain comprises a plurality of pivots arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction L, and a plurality of links assembled on the pivots and arranged parallel to each other in a transverse direction T perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L and to the vertical direction V.
  • the links are restrained to the pivots in the transverse direction T by known means, for example by way of cotter pins located at the ends of the pivots.
  • the chains can be made of metal, plastic or composite materials and combinations thereof.
  • Figures 2a to 2d show in particular the chain 220 of the compacting unit 200, the axes of which are indicated with reference number 221 and whose links are indicated with reference numbers 222.
  • the links of the chains 220, 320 comprise gripping surfaces (not shown), for example knurled, intended to mate the respective conveyor belt 210, 310 in order to allow dragging.
  • the chain 220 is supported by a set of rollers some of which are motorized rollers and others are idle rollers.
  • rollers are e.g. shown, three of which are indicated with reference numbers 231, 232 and 233 and are aligned in the longitudinal direction L between the inlet 401 and the outlet 402 of the compacting slit 400, while the other four are indicated with reference numbers 234, 235, 236 and 237 and are arranged so as to define with the first three rollers an endless path which allows recirculation of the chain 220.
  • the motorized rollers are e.g. roller 232, roller 236 and roller 233.
  • the first two rollers 232 and 236 are provided with teeth adapted to engage the pivots 221 of the chain 220, while roller 233 has a smooth surface covered with a friction material.
  • Rollers 234 and 235 are redirecting idle rollers with smooth surfaces.
  • a tensioning device such as e.g. a hydraulic jack, is preferably associated with one of these rollers, roller 235 in particular.
  • Rollers 237 and 231 are redirecting idle rollers too, but, unlike rollers 234 and 235, they have teeth adapted to engage the pivots of the chain 220 for reasons that will be explained hereinafter.
  • two consecutive rollers that are respectively arranged at an intermediate position of the slit 400 and at its outlet 402 are operated at different angular velocities.
  • these consecutive rollers are for example roller 232 and roller 233.
  • Roller 232 which precedes, is operated at an angular velocity ⁇ 2 higher than the angular velocity ⁇ 3 of the roller 233 that follows, the latter determining proportionally to its diameter the nominal velocity or line velocity of the conveyor belt 210, whereby the pivots 221 that progressively come in the portion of the chain 220 comprised between the two rollers are subjected to an acceleration towards roller 233 and slow down at this roller thus returning to the nominal moving velocity as determined by its angular velocity ⁇ 3 and its diameter. Since the links 222 of the chain 220 have slots, this localized variation of the moving velocity causes the pivots 221 of the chain 220 to approach each other thereby dragging the links 222, which results in a progressive thickening of the chain structure.
  • the rubber coating and the absence of teeth of roller 233 contribute to the braking action it performs so as to allow to bring the pivots 221 of the chain 220 closer to each other, which are accelerated in the longitudinal direction L from the roller 232 that precedes.
  • the chain 220 then proceeds at a constant velocity toward the motorized roller 232 passing on the idle redirecting rollers 237 and 231, which have teeth like rollers 232 and 236.
  • the motorized rollers 233 and 236, which operate at the same angular velocity ⁇ 3 as explained above, may advantageously be restrained to one another for example by way of a transmission belt, as shown in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the motorized roller is the toothed roller 236 and roller 233 is thus a driven roller. In this way, the structure of the compacting unit 200 is simplified and cheaper, thus ensuring in simple and cost effective manner maintenance of the nominal moving velocity of the chain 220.
  • This position can be adjusted by varying the length of the path of the chain 220 between the motorized toothed roller 236, which determines the moving nominal or line velocity, and the motorized roller 232, which accelerates the links 222 towards roller 233 that rotates the same angular velocity of roller 236.
  • one of the redirecting rollers arranged between the motorized toothed roller 236, which is operated at the nominal angular velocity, and the motorized roller 232, which is operated at a higher angular velocity, is movable relative to the other rollers of the set of rollers by way of a linear actuator 240.
  • the movable roller is in particular the idle toothed roller 237.
  • the pivots 221 of the chain 220 may travel the whole distance along their respective slots of the links 222, thus allowing to obtain the maximum possible level of compaction of the treated fabric.
  • toothed rollers in the redirecting path of the chain and the position of the toothed roller 237 relative to the other toothed rollers of the set of rollers allow to define the extension degree of the chain 220 geometrically precisely and thus the compaction degree that may be achieved, based on which the angular velocity difference between the accelerating roller 232 and roller 233, driven at the angular velocity that determines the nominal movement velocity of the conveyor belt 210, is established.
  • the closed endless path of the conveyor belt 210 is wider than that of the chain 220 which moves it, and to this aim it comprises a plurality of idle redirecting rollers 211, 212, 213, at least one of which, for example roller 212, is associated with a tensioning device.
  • a tensioning device can for example comprise a tiltable arm restrained to a hydraulic actuator in correspondence to its free end.
  • This configuration of the compacting unit 220 is preferred because it allows to obtain an extension of the fabric path beyond the outlet 402 of the compacting slit 400, which facilitates collection of the fabric and/or its prosecution to further treatment units.
  • the apparatus 100 may comprise two or more pairs of compacting units, altogether similar to the units 200, 300 described above and arranged in series.
  • the pair or pairs of compacting units may be arranged in free environment such as inside an industrial building, or housed in heated tunnel structures supplied with steam or configured for spraying water or impregnating additives.
  • Humidification and/or impregnation units may also be associated with the individual compacting units close to or in correspondence with the inlet 401 of the compacting slit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Appareil (100) pour compacter des étoffes, ledit appareil (100) comprenant au moins une paire d'unités de compactage (200, 300) comprenant respectivement une courroie transporteuse (210, 210) supportée par un ensemble de rouleaux qui définissent une trajectoire sans fin, lesdites unités de compactage (200, 300) s'étirant dans une direction longitudinale (L) et étant espacées dans une direction verticale (V) qui est perpendiculaire à ladite direction longitudinale (L), les unités de compactage (200, 300) étant agencées de sorte que leurs courroies transporteuses se font face et définissent entre elles une fente (400) à travers laquelle une étoffe (F) à traiter peut être reçue et dans laquelle on la fait passer, dans lequel les courroies transporteuses (210, 310) sont mobiles au moyen de chaînes (220, 320) respectives des unités de compactage (200, 300), lesdites chaînes (220, 320) étant supportées par des ensembles de rouleaux formant une trajectoire sans fin qui recouvre au moins partiellement celle des courroies transporteuses (210, 310), caractérisé en ce que chaque chaîne (220, 320) est agencée au-dessous de la courroie transporteuse respective, s'étend dans la direction longitudinale (L) et dans une direction transversale (T) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale et verticale, couplant ainsi les surfaces de la courroie transporteuse respective et est extensible/rétractable dans la direction longitudinale (L), en ce que les maillons (222) des chaînes (220, 320) ont des surfaces de préhension prévues pour faire face à la courroie transporteuse (210, 310) respective et en ce que deux rouleaux (232, 233) consécutifs de ladite trajectoire sans fin qui sont respectivement agencés dans une position intermédiaire de ladite fente (400) et au niveau de leur sortie (402), sont des rouleaux motorisés configurés pour fonctionner à différentes vitesses angulaires.
  2. Appareil (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque chaîne (220, 320) comprend une pluralité de pivots (221) agencés parallèlement entre eux dans la direction longitudinale (L) et une pluralité de liaisons (222) montées sur les pivots et agencées parallèlement entre elles dans la direction transversale (T) de l'appareil qui est perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L) et à la direction verticale (V).
  3. Appareil (100) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel chacun des maillons (222) des chaînes (220, 320) comprend, au niveau d'une extrémité, un trou débouchant dans lequel un pivot (221) est monté, et au niveau de l'extrémité opposée, une fente, dans lequel le pivot (221) d'un maillon (222) consécutif est monté de manière coulissante.
  4. Appareil (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel un premier rouleau (232) des rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) consécutifs est un rouleau denté configuré pour mettre en prise les pivots (221) des maillons (222) de la chaîne (220) respective, alors qu'un second rouleau (233) suivant le premier rouleau (232) dans la direction longitudinale (L) est un rouleau lisse recouvert avec un matériau de friction.
  5. Appareil (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'ensemble de rouleaux qui forme la trajectoire sans fin de chaque chaîne (220, 320) comprend en outre au moins un premier rouleau de redirection motorisé (236) agencé après les rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) par rapport à la direction avant de la chaîne (220) et au moins un second rouleau de redirection de guidage (237) agencé après ledit premier rouleau de redirection motorisé (236) toujours par rapport à la direction avant de la chaîne (220).
  6. Appareil (100) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel lesdits premier et second rouleaux de redirection motorisés (236, 237) sont des rouleaux dentés.
  7. Appareil (100) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le second rouleau de redirection de guidage (237) est mobile par rapport aux autres rouleaux de l'ensemble de rouleaux qui forme la trajectoire sans fin de chaque chaîne (220, 320), moyennant quoi la longueur de la partie de chaîne comprise entre le second rouleau de redirection de guidage (237) et le premier rouleau motorisé (232) des rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) consécutifs est variable.
  8. Appareil (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel l'ensemble de rouleaux qui forme la trajectoire sans fin de chaque chaîne (220, 320) comprend également un autre rouleau de guidage denté (231) agencé entre le second rouleau de redirection de guidage (237) et les rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) consécutifs par rapport à la direction avant de la chaîne (220) et aligné avec les rouleaux motorisés dans la direction longitudinale (L).
  9. Appareil (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant deux paires ou plus d'unités de compactage (200, 300) agencées en série dans la direction longitudinale (L).
  10. Procédé pour compacter des étoffes dans la direction de leur longueur, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    i) prévoir une paire d'unités de compactage (200, 300) ayant des courroies transporteuses (210, 310) respectives ;
    ii) agencer lesdites unités de compactage (200, 300) afin de définir entre leurs courroies transporteuses respectives, une fente (400) appropriée pour permettre le passage d'une étoffe (F) à traiter ;
    iii) amener une étoffe (F) d'une entrée (401) à une sortie (402) de ladite fente (400) dans une direction longitudinale (L) ;
    iv) augmenter la vitesse de déplacement de l'étoffe (F) au niveau d'une partie intermédiaire de la fente (400) et diminuer la vitesse de déplacement au niveau de la sortie (402) de la fente (400), la vitesse de déplacement au niveau de la sortie de la fente correspondant à une vitesse de déplacement nominale de l'étoffe,
    dans lequel les courroies transporteuses (210, 310) des unités de compactage (200, 300) sont déplaçables au moyen de chaînes (220, 320) respectives supportées par des ensembles respectifs de rouleaux, lesdites chaînes (220, 320) étant agencées au-dessous des courroies transporteuses respectives, s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale et transversale, couplant ainsi les surfaces de la courroie transporteuse respective et étant extensibles/rétractables dans ladite direction longitudinale (L), dans lequel les maillons (222) des chaînes (220, 320) ont des surfaces de préhension prévues pour faire face à la courroie transporteuse (210, 310) respective et dans lequel les chaînes sont déplacées par une paire de rouleaux motorisés agencés l'un à la suite de l'autre dans une position intermédiaire de la fente (400) et au niveau de leur sortie (402), respectivement, lesdits rouleaux motorisés consécutifs étant actionnés de sorte que la vitesse angulaire (ω2) d'un premier rouleau (232) est plus élevée que la vitesse angulaire (ω3) d'un second rouleau (233) qui suit le premier rouleau (232) dans la direction longitudinale (L).
  11. Procédé de compactage selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre l'étape suivante : traîner l'étoffe (F) compactée au-delà de la sortie (402) de la fente (400) à une vitesse d'alimentation correspondant à la vitesse définie par la vitesse angulaire (ω3) dudit second rouleau (233).
  12. Procédé de compactage selon la revendication 10 ou 11, comprenant en outre l'étape suivante : ajuster la position d'un rouleau de redirection denté (237) de l'ensemble de rouleaux qui supporte chaque chaîne (220, 320), ladite position définissant un degré de compactage de la chaîne extensible/rétractable (220, 320), ainsi que l'étape suivante : calculer et ajuster la différence entre les vitesses angulaires (ω2, ω3) des rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) consécutifs sur la base dudit degré de compactage.
  13. Procédé de compactage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel le fonctionnement de l'unité de compactage (200, 300) est commandé par un système de commande.
  14. Procédé de compactage selon les revendications 12 et 13, dans lequel l'étape suivante : ajuster la position du rouleau de redirection denté (237) et l'étape suivante : ajuster la différence entre les vitesses angulaires (ω2, ω3) des rouleaux motorisés (232, 233) consécutifs qui compactent l'étoffe (F), sont réalisées simultanément et d'une manière synchronisée par les deux unités de compactage (200, 300) par le biais dudit système de commande.
EP15830844.5A 2014-12-16 2015-12-15 Appareil et procédé de compactage d'étoffes Not-in-force EP3234251B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20142148 2014-12-16
PCT/IB2015/059618 WO2016097987A1 (fr) 2014-12-16 2015-12-15 Appareil et procédé de compactage d'étoffes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3234251A1 EP3234251A1 (fr) 2017-10-25
EP3234251B1 true EP3234251B1 (fr) 2018-12-12

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2262268A (en) 1940-05-13 1941-11-11 Munsingwear Inc Apparatus for preshrinking fabric
US3339249A (en) * 1964-08-25 1967-09-05 John D Riordan Fabric compactor
US5412853A (en) * 1992-04-27 1995-05-09 Catallo; Frank Apparatus for finishing a fabric web
WO2008052025A2 (fr) 2006-10-24 2008-05-02 Tubular Textile Machinery, Inc. Compacteur, en particulier pour tricot à largeur ouverte

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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WO2016097987A4 (fr) 2017-08-03
EP3234251A1 (fr) 2017-10-25
WO2016097987A1 (fr) 2016-06-23

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