EP3231878A1 - Bottom-blowing plug - Google Patents
Bottom-blowing plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3231878A1 EP3231878A1 EP15888078.1A EP15888078A EP3231878A1 EP 3231878 A1 EP3231878 A1 EP 3231878A1 EP 15888078 A EP15888078 A EP 15888078A EP 3231878 A1 EP3231878 A1 EP 3231878A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- opening
- group
- bottom blowing
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bottom blowing plug to be attached to a bottom of a combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time and to blow gas into molten iron.
- a bottom blowing plug for blowing gas having a plurality of through holes which gas passes through is placed at a bottom portion of a vessel such as a converter, and inert gas (e.g., argon gas) is supplied from the bottom portion of the vessel through the bottom blowing plug and made to stir molten metal. Owing to this stirring, the molten metal in the vessel is equalized in temperature and component and purified.
- inert gas e.g., argon gas
- An example of such a bottom blowing plug is a bottom blowing plug having thorough holes whose openings in an upper surface of the plug to contact molten metal are located at vertices of regular triangles (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the through holes are placed at a higher density by locating openings of the through holes at vertices of triangles than a density of through holes placed by locating openings at vertices of squares.
- the number of through holes which one conventional bottom blowing plug has is not many.
- the inventors have focused on durability enhancement of a bottom blowing plug caused by an increase in number of through holes in one bottom blowing plug while the amount of gas from each one of the openings is kept at an appropriate level, and thus sought to provide a bottom blowing plug having a higher durability.
- a bottom blowing plug of the present invention as a solution to this problem is a bottom blowing plug to be attached to a combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time, and comprising a plug body having an upper surface to contact the molten iron, the upper surface having a group of openings comprising openings of at least 30 through holes and inert gas being injected at 20 to 60 Nl/min from each one of the openings, wherein the group of openings is located at a central portion of the upper surface of the plug body, and when S u cm 2 is area of the upper surface and S o cm 2 is area of an opening group portion where the group of openings is located, So/Su ⁇ 0.25 and S u ⁇ 400 cm 2 , and density of the openings constituting the group of openings, which is expressed by the number of openings divided by the area So of the opening group portion, is 0.6 to 3.9 opening/cm 2 .
- the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is to be attached to a large combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time.
- the converter is shaped of a barrel or a pear, and has a shaft around which the converter can be freely tilted back and forth. When molten pig iron is poured in or steel is taken out, the converter is tilted. In fining (reacting), the converter is kept upright and pure oxygen under high pressure is blown in from the top and at the same time such gas for stirring as argon gas and nitrogen gas is blown in.
- a large combined blowing converter to be used is a converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron, generally about 250 to 350 t of molten iron at a time from the bottom.
- a first feature of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is that the area S u cm 2 of an upper surface of the plug body to contact molten metal is as large as 400 cm 2 or more. Durability of the bottom blowing plug enhances as the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface gets larger.
- the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface is at least 400 cm 2 , but as the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface increases to 800 cm 2 or more or 1200 cm 2 or more, durability further enhances.
- shape of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug can be shapes of upper surfaces of conventional bottom blowing plugs as they are, such as circles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids, and fan shapes.
- a second feature is that the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention has a great number of openings.
- the number of openings is at least 30 and preferably 70 or more or 110 or more.
- S u cm 2 is area of the upper surface and S o cm 2 is area of an opening group portion where the group of openings is located, a formula S o /S u ⁇ 0.25 needs to be satisfied.
- the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion herein means an area surrounded by a polygon or a polygon-like shape formed by connecting centers of adjacent openings on an outermost contour of the group of openings.
- the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion is 25 % or less of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface and the opening group portion is located at a central portion of the upper surface.
- the opening group portion is located at a considerable distance from the periphery of the upper surface and that an area between the periphery of the upper surface and the opening group portion is as extremely large as 75 % or more of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface.
- Density of the openings constituting the group of openings which is expressed by the number of openings divided by the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion, is 0.6 to 3.9 opening/cm 2 . Size of the openings is about 1 to 3 mm in diameter. When density of the openings is low, that is, the number of openings per unit area is small, openings each having a large opening area are employed. When density of the openings is high, openings each having a small opening area are employed.
- Relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located at vertices of regular triangles with sides of P mm. More specifically, a central opening at a center of the group of openings is located at a center of a regular hexagon having vertices at six openings at a distance of P mm from the central opening, and all the other openings are located at vertices or on sides of regular hexagons which are concentric around the central opening.
- relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located at vertices of squares with sides of P mm.
- relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located on circumferences of concentric circles whose radiuses are different by P mm. Note that it is preferred that the openings are located on the same circumferences and distance between adjacent openings is P mm, which is the same as the difference in radius, but it is acceptable that distances between some adjacent openings are not P mm.
- relative arrangement of the openings is regular arrangement with a pitch P as mentioned before, arrangement which lacks regularity is acceptable.
- the value of P can be 6 to 12 mm.
- the openings are concentrated at a central portion of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug. In order to concentrate the openings, it is preferred to employ most concentrated arrangement in which all three adjacent openings are located at vertices of a regular triangle.
- a first regular hexagon is formed which have vertices at six openings located at a distance of P mm in centrifugal directions from an opening at a center of a group of openings (hereinafter referred to as a central opening) in an upper surface of one bottom blowing plug.
- the first regular hexagon has openings one at each of the six vertices; the first regular hexagon has six openings in total.
- a second regular hexagon is formed at a distance of P mm in the centrifugal direction from the first regular hexagon, and has openings one at each of six vertices and one at each center of six sides; the second regular hexagon has 12 openings in total.
- the second regular hexagon is distant from the central opening by 2 X P mm, and is a regular hexagon which is concentric with the first regular hexagon about the central opening.
- a third regular concentric hexagon at an additional distance of P mm in the centrifugal direction has 18 openings
- a fourth regular concentric hexagon has 24 openings
- a fifth regular concentric hexagon has 30 openings
- a sixth regular concentric hexagon has 36 openings
- a seventh regular concentric hexagon has 42 openings
- an eighth regular concentric hexagon has 48 openings.
- the total number of openings within the second regular concentric hexagon in the upper surface of the plug body is the total of one central opening, six openings on the first regular concentric hexagon, and 12 openings on the second regular concentric hexagon, which is 19.
- the total number of openings within the third regular concentric hexagon is 37.
- the total number of openings within the fourth regular concentric hexagon is 61.
- the total number of openings within the fifth regular concentric hexagon is 91.
- the total number of openings within the sixth regular concentric hexagon is 127.
- the total number of openings within the seventh regular concentric hexagon is 169.
- the total number of openings within the eighth regular concentric hexagon is 217.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present invention attains good spalling resistance, which makes a great contribution to durability enhancement.
- Openings located at vertices of polygons of the opening group portion are the closest ones to the periphery of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug. In order to locate all the openings at positions as distant from the periphery of the upper surface as possible, it is possible to provide no opening at a position closest to the periphery on an outermost contour of the opening group portion. Similarly, it is possible to provide no opening at a position second closest to the periphery on the outermost contour of the opening group portion, and it is also possible to provide no openings at positions third, fourth, etc. closest to the periphery on the outermost contour of the opening group portion.
- shape of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug is a rectangle or a trapezoid
- an opening at a certain vertex on the outermost contour or an opening on a side adjacent to the opening at the certain vertex is inevitably closer to the periphery of the upper surface than openings located around other vertices.
- a necessary distance from the periphery to an opening closest to the periphery can be secured and at the same time a larger number of openings can be provided. Thus a higher spalling resistance can be secured.
- distance from the periphery of the upper surface of the plug body to a closest opening located at a shortest distance from the periphery is longer than distance from the closest opening to the central opening. Owing to this, the distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest opening to the periphery can be secured long and a high spalling resistance can be obtained.
- the amount of inert gas injected from each one of the openings of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is 20 to 60 Nl/min. Controlling the amount of inert gas injected in this range keeps a wear rate of the bottom blowing plug due to processing of molten iron low and thus allows an increase in number of processing times of a converter.
- the upper surface of the plug body to contact molten metal has a large area, and the number of openings in the upper surface is large.
- the group of openings in the upper surface of the plug body is concentrated in the central portion of the upper surface, and the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion where the group of openings is formed is 25% or less of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface, and the distance from the opening group portion to the periphery of the upper surface is long. Therefore, this plug body has a good spalling resistance and thus has a high durability. Furthermore, since inert gas is injected at 20 to 60 Nl/min from each one of the openings, wear of the plug body is suppressed and thus durability is enhanced.
- the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion of the plug body is 25 % or less of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface and the distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest opening at the shortest distance from the periphery is longer than the distance from the closest opening to the central opening.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is to be used for a large combined blowing converter, and allows the converter to produce high quality steel at a high productivity.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present example has a plug body 2 having an upper surface 2a which intersects with a gas blow-in direction (the direction of the arrow A1), and pipes 1 each having a through hole la regularly embedded in the plug body 2.
- the term "approximating" herein means not being exactly P mm but falling within a certain range.
- a group of openings constituted by all openings comprises a central opening of a pipe at a center, and 127 openings at vertices or on sides of six regular concentric hexagons.
- the opening group portion is a hexagonal portion formed by connecting centers of openings of six pipes A, B, C, D, E and F located at vertices of the outermost regular concentric hexagon H6. Area S o cm 2 of this opening group portion is 135 cm 2 .
- the upper surface of this bottom blowing plug is a trapezoid having an upper base W1 mm of 250 mm in length, a lower base W2 mm of 350 mm in length, a height L mm of 300 mm in length.
- Area S u cm 2 of the upper surface is 900 cm 2 . Therefore, the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion of the bottom blowing plug of the present example is 15 % of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface, and distance from an opening on an outermost contour of the opening group portion to the periphery of the upper surface is long. Therefore, the bottom blowing plug of the present example has a good spalling resistance and thus has a good durability.
- the number of openings is 127 and the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion is 135 cm 2 , density of the openings constituting the opening group portion is 0.94 opening/cm 2 .
- FIG. 3 A top view of a bottom blowing plug of a modification of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 3 .
- the bottom blowing plug of this modification is the same as that of Example 1, except that six pipes are removed from the pipes located at the vertices and on the sides of the outermost regular concentric hexagon of the bottom blowing plug of Example 1.
- the removed pipes are four pipes marked with the reference characters A, C, D and E in Fig. 2 , one pipe next to the pipe with the reference character C to the right and one pipe next to the pipe with the reference character E to the right, that is, six pipes in total.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present example is obtained by changing the shape of the upper surface 2a of the plug body 2 of the bottom blowing plug of Example 1 shown in Fig. 1 to a rectangle.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present example has an upper surface 2a which intersects with a gas blow- in direction, and pipes 1 each having a through hole la regularly embedded in a central portion of the plug body 2.
- a group of pipes comprises 100 pipes 1 and the pipes are located at four corners of squares with sides of 8 mm formed by 10 vertical lines and 10 horizontal lines at a pitch P of 8 mm.
- a center O of an upper surface 2a of the plug body 2 is located at a center of the group of pipes.
- P is 8 mm and an inner diameter of each of the pipes 1 is 2 mm.
- Area S o cm 2 of an opening group portion is 52 cm 2 .
- the upper surface 2a of the bottom blowing plug is a rectangle of 280 mm in length (W3) and 300 mm in width (W4) and has an area S u of 840 cm 2 . Therefore, the area S o cm 2 of the opening group portion of the bottom blowing plug of the present example is 6.2 % of the area S u cm 2 of the upper surface.
- Distance from a periphery of the upper surface to a closest opening located at a shortest distance from the periphery is 104 mm.
- the bottom blowing plug of the present example has a good spalling resistance and thus has a good durability.
- the group of openings of Example 1 has openings at the vertices and on the sides of regular concentric hexagons, while the group of openings of Example 2 has openings at the vertices and on the sides of squares.
- arrangement of the openings does not need to have strong regularity.
- the description of the present invention says that the group of openings is located at the central portion of the upper surface, the term "central" is not used in a strict meaning and the central portion can be a portion close to a center.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a bottom blowing plug to be attached to a bottom of a combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time and to blow gas into molten iron.
- Conventionally, a bottom blowing plug for blowing gas having a plurality of through holes which gas passes through is placed at a bottom portion of a vessel such as a converter, and inert gas (e.g., argon gas) is supplied from the bottom portion of the vessel through the bottom blowing plug and made to stir molten metal. Owing to this stirring, the molten metal in the vessel is equalized in temperature and component and purified. An example of such a bottom blowing plug is a bottom blowing plug having thorough holes whose openings in an upper surface of the plug to contact molten metal are located at vertices of regular triangles (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- [PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
S61-207505 - In recent years, large combined blowing converters capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time have been demanded in order to obtain high quality steel at a high productivity.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a bottom blowing plug which is suitable for such a large combined blowing converter.
- In the abovementioned conventional bottom blowing plug, the through holes are placed at a higher density by locating openings of the through holes at vertices of triangles than a density of through holes placed by locating openings at vertices of squares. However, the number of through holes which one conventional bottom blowing plug has is not many.
- The inventors have focused on durability enhancement of a bottom blowing plug caused by an increase in number of through holes in one bottom blowing plug while the amount of gas from each one of the openings is kept at an appropriate level, and thus sought to provide a bottom blowing plug having a higher durability.
- A bottom blowing plug of the present invention as a solution to this problem is a bottom blowing plug to be attached to a combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time, and comprising a plug body having an upper surface to contact the molten iron, the upper surface having a group of openings comprising openings of at least 30 through holes and inert gas being injected at 20 to 60 Nl/min from each one of the openings, wherein
the group of openings is located at a central portion of the upper surface of the plug body, and when Su cm2 is area of the upper surface and So cm2 is area of an opening group portion where the group of openings is located, So/Su ≤ 0.25 and Su ≥ 400 cm2, and density of the openings constituting the group of openings, which is expressed by the number of openings divided by the area So of the opening group portion, is 0.6 to 3.9 opening/cm2. - The bottom blowing plug of the present invention is to be attached to a large combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time. The converter is shaped of a barrel or a pear, and has a shaft around which the converter can be freely tilted back and forth. When molten pig iron is poured in or steel is taken out, the converter is tilted. In fining (reacting), the converter is kept upright and pure oxygen under high pressure is blown in from the top and at the same time such gas for stirring as argon gas and nitrogen gas is blown in.
- A large combined blowing converter to be used is a converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron, generally about 250 to 350 t of molten iron at a time from the bottom.
- A first feature of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is that the area Su cm2 of an upper surface of the plug body to contact molten metal is as large as 400 cm2 or more. Durability of the bottom blowing plug enhances as the area Su cm2 of the upper surface gets larger. The area Su cm2 of the upper surface is at least 400 cm2, but as the area Su cm2 of the upper surface increases to 800 cm2 or more or 1200 cm2 or more, durability further enhances. It should be noted that shape of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug can be shapes of upper surfaces of conventional bottom blowing plugs as they are, such as circles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids, and fan shapes.
- A second feature is that the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention has a great number of openings. The number of openings is at least 30 and preferably 70 or more or 110 or more.
- When Su cm2 is area of the upper surface and So cm2 is area of an opening group portion where the group of openings is located, a formula So/Su ≤ 0.25 needs to be satisfied. The area So cm2 of the opening group portion herein means an area surrounded by a polygon or a polygon-like shape formed by connecting centers of adjacent openings on an outermost contour of the group of openings. The area So cm2 of the opening group portion is 25 % or less of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface and the opening group portion is located at a central portion of the upper surface. These two mean that the opening group portion is located at a considerable distance from the periphery of the upper surface and that an area between the periphery of the upper surface and the opening group portion is as extremely large as 75 % or more of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface.
- Density of the openings constituting the group of openings, which is expressed by the number of openings divided by the area So cm2 of the opening group portion, is 0.6 to 3.9 opening/cm2. Size of the openings is about 1 to 3 mm in diameter. When density of the openings is low, that is, the number of openings per unit area is small, openings each having a large opening area are employed. When density of the openings is high, openings each having a small opening area are employed.
- Relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located at vertices of regular triangles with sides of P mm. More specifically, a central opening at a center of the group of openings is located at a center of a regular hexagon having vertices at six openings at a distance of P mm from the central opening, and all the other openings are located at vertices or on sides of regular hexagons which are concentric around the central opening.
- Moreover, relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located at vertices of squares with sides of P mm.
- Furthermore, relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings can be that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located on circumferences of concentric circles whose radiuses are different by P mm. Note that it is preferred that the openings are located on the same circumferences and distance between adjacent openings is P mm, which is the same as the difference in radius, but it is acceptable that distances between some adjacent openings are not P mm.
- Although it is preferred that relative arrangement of the openings is regular arrangement with a pitch P as mentioned before, arrangement which lacks regularity is acceptable.
- Herein, the value of P can be 6 to 12 mm.
- Note that it is also preferred that the openings are concentrated at a central portion of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug. In order to concentrate the openings, it is preferred to employ most concentrated arrangement in which all three adjacent openings are located at vertices of a regular triangle.
- More specifically, a first regular hexagon is formed which have vertices at six openings located at a distance of P mm in centrifugal directions from an opening at a center of a group of openings (hereinafter referred to as a central opening) in an upper surface of one bottom blowing plug. The first regular hexagon has openings one at each of the six vertices; the first regular hexagon has six openings in total. A second regular hexagon is formed at a distance of P mm in the centrifugal direction from the first regular hexagon, and has openings one at each of six vertices and one at each center of six sides; the second regular hexagon has 12 openings in total. The second regular hexagon is distant from the central opening by 2 X P mm, and is a regular hexagon which is concentric with the first regular hexagon about the central opening. Similarly, a third regular concentric hexagon at an additional distance of P mm in the centrifugal direction has 18 openings, a fourth regular concentric hexagon has 24 openings, a fifth regular concentric hexagon has 30 openings, a sixth regular concentric hexagon has 36 openings, a seventh regular concentric hexagon has 42 openings, and an eighth regular concentric hexagon has 48 openings.
- The total number of openings within the second regular concentric hexagon in the upper surface of the plug body is the total of one central opening, six openings on the first regular concentric hexagon, and 12 openings on the second regular concentric hexagon, which is 19. The total number of openings within the third regular concentric hexagon is 37. The total number of openings within the fourth regular concentric hexagon is 61. The total number of openings within the fifth regular concentric hexagon is 91. The total number of openings within the sixth regular concentric hexagon is 127. The total number of openings within the seventh regular concentric hexagon is 169. The total number of openings within the eighth regular concentric hexagon is 217.
- Since the opening group portion is located at a considerable distance from the periphery of the upper surface, the bottom blowing plug of the present invention attains good spalling resistance, which makes a great contribution to durability enhancement.
- Openings located at vertices of polygons of the opening group portion are the closest ones to the periphery of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug. In order to locate all the openings at positions as distant from the periphery of the upper surface as possible, it is possible to provide no opening at a position closest to the periphery on an outermost contour of the opening group portion. Similarly, it is possible to provide no opening at a position second closest to the periphery on the outermost contour of the opening group portion, and it is also possible to provide no openings at positions third, fourth, etc. closest to the periphery on the outermost contour of the opening group portion.
- When shape of the upper surface of the bottom blowing plug is a rectangle or a trapezoid, there is a possibility that an opening at a certain vertex on the outermost contour or an opening on a side adjacent to the opening at the certain vertex is inevitably closer to the periphery of the upper surface than openings located around other vertices. In such a case, it is possible not to provide the opening at the certain vertex or the opening on the side adjacent to the opening at the certain vertex. Upon not providing an opening which is close to the periphery, a necessary distance from the periphery to an opening closest to the periphery can be secured and at the same time a larger number of openings can be provided. Thus a higher spalling resistance can be secured.
- Moreover, preferably distance from the periphery of the upper surface of the plug body to a closest opening located at a shortest distance from the periphery is longer than distance from the closest opening to the central opening. Owing to this, the distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest opening to the periphery can be secured long and a high spalling resistance can be obtained.
- It should be noted that the amount of inert gas injected from each one of the openings of the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is 20 to 60 Nl/min. Controlling the amount of inert gas injected in this range keeps a wear rate of the bottom blowing plug due to processing of molten iron low and thus allows an increase in number of processing times of a converter.
- In the bottom blowing plug of the present invention, the upper surface of the plug body to contact molten metal has a large area, and the number of openings in the upper surface is large. Moreover, the group of openings in the upper surface of the plug body is concentrated in the central portion of the upper surface, and the area So cm2 of the opening group portion where the group of openings is formed is 25% or less of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface, and the distance from the opening group portion to the periphery of the upper surface is long. Therefore, this plug body has a good spalling resistance and thus has a high durability. Furthermore, since inert gas is injected at 20 to 60 Nl/min from each one of the openings, wear of the plug body is suppressed and thus durability is enhanced.
- In addition, the area So cm2 of the opening group portion of the plug body is 25 % or less of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface and the distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest opening at the shortest distance from the periphery is longer than the distance from the closest opening to the central opening. These two ensure that all the openings are distant from the periphery of the upper surface and thus a more reliable, higher spalling resistance can be expected.
- Furthermore, the bottom blowing plug of the present invention is to be used for a large combined blowing converter, and allows the converter to produce high quality steel at a high productivity.
-
- [
Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of a bottom blowing plug of Example 1. - [
Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a top view of the bottom blowing plug of Example 1. - [
Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a top view of a bottom blowing plug of a modification of Example 1. - [
Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is a top view of a bottom blowing plug of Example 2. - Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- Structure of a bottom blowing plug of the present example will be described with reference to
Figs. 1 and2 . The bottom blowing plug of the present example has aplug body 2 having anupper surface 2a which intersects with a gas blow-in direction (the direction of the arrow A1), andpipes 1 each having a through hole la regularly embedded in theplug body 2. - The
pipes 1 are placed at a pitch P on a number n (= 6) of regular hexagons Hn which are concentric around a center O of theupper surface 2a of theplug body 2. Sides of a most inner hexagon H1 has a length approximating the pitch P. The term "approximating" herein means not being exactly P mm but falling within a certain range. - In the present example, P is 12 mm and an inner diameter of each of the
pipes 1 is 2 mm. A group of openings constituted by all openings comprises a central opening of a pipe at a center, and 127 openings at vertices or on sides of six regular concentric hexagons. The opening group portion is a hexagonal portion formed by connecting centers of openings of six pipes A, B, C, D, E and F located at vertices of the outermost regular concentric hexagon H6. Area So cm2 of this opening group portion is 135 cm2. The upper surface of this bottom blowing plug is a trapezoid having an upper base W1 mm of 250 mm in length, a lower base W2 mm of 350 mm in length, a height L mm of 300 mm in length. Area Su cm2 of the upper surface is 900 cm2. Therefore, the area So cm2 of the opening group portion of the bottom blowing plug of the present example is 15 % of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface, and distance from an opening on an outermost contour of the opening group portion to the periphery of the upper surface is long. Therefore, the bottom blowing plug of the present example has a good spalling resistance and thus has a good durability. - Moreover, since the number of openings is 127 and the area So cm2 of the opening group portion is 135 cm2, density of the openings constituting the opening group portion is 0.94 opening/cm2.
- A top view of a bottom blowing plug of a modification of Example 1 is shown in
Fig. 3 . The bottom blowing plug of this modification is the same as that of Example 1, except that six pipes are removed from the pipes located at the vertices and on the sides of the outermost regular concentric hexagon of the bottom blowing plug of Example 1. The removed pipes are four pipes marked with the reference characters A, C, D and E inFig. 2 , one pipe next to the pipe with the reference character C to the right and one pipe next to the pipe with the reference character E to the right, that is, six pipes in total. - As apparent from
Fig. 3 , since six pipes at corners of the regular hexagon are not present, a shape connecting pipes on an outermost contour resembles a rounded trapezoid. In the bottom blowing plug of this modification, pipes constituting closest openings, which are closest to the periphery of the upper surface, are two pipes marked with the reference character J and the reference character K inFig. 3 . Distance from the closest openings to the periphery of the upper surface is 84 mm, and distance from the closest openings to a central opening is 66 mm. Therefore, in the bottom blowing plug of this modification, distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest openings at a shortest distance from the periphery is longer than distance from the closest openings to the central opening. Owing to this, all the openings can be distant from the periphery of the upper surface and a more reliable, higher spalling resistance can be expected. - Since the number of openings is 121 and the area So cm2 of the opening group portion is 131 cm2, density of the openings constituting the group of openings is 0.92 opening/cm2.
- Structure of a bottom blowing plug of the present example will be described with reference to
Fig. 4 . The bottom blowing plug of the present example is obtained by changing the shape of theupper surface 2a of theplug body 2 of the bottom blowing plug of Example 1 shown inFig. 1 to a rectangle. Like the bottom blowing plug of Example 1, the bottom blowing plug of the present example has anupper surface 2a which intersects with a gas blow- in direction, andpipes 1 each having a through hole la regularly embedded in a central portion of theplug body 2. - A group of pipes comprises 100
pipes 1 and the pipes are located at four corners of squares with sides of 8 mm formed by 10 vertical lines and 10 horizontal lines at a pitch P of 8 mm. A center O of anupper surface 2a of theplug body 2 is located at a center of the group of pipes. - In the present example, P is 8 mm and an inner diameter of each of the
pipes 1 is 2 mm. Area So cm2 of an opening group portion is 52 cm2. Theupper surface 2a of the bottom blowing plug is a rectangle of 280 mm in length (W3) and 300 mm in width (W4) and has an area Su of 840 cm2. Therefore, the area So cm2 of the opening group portion of the bottom blowing plug of the present example is 6.2 % of the area Su cm2 of the upper surface. Distance from a periphery of the upper surface to a closest opening located at a shortest distance from the periphery is 104 mm. Distance from the closest opening to a central opening located at a center of the group of openings is 51 mm. Therefore, the distance from the periphery of the upper surface to the closest opening is longer than the distance from the closest opening to the central opening. Therefore, the bottom blowing plug of the present example has a good spalling resistance and thus has a good durability. - Since the number of openings is 100 and the area So cm2 of the opening group portion is 52 cm2, density of the openings constituting the group of openings is 1.92 opening/cm2.
- The group of openings of Example 1 has openings at the vertices and on the sides of regular concentric hexagons, while the group of openings of Example 2 has openings at the vertices and on the sides of squares. However, arrangement of the openings does not need to have strong regularity. Besides, although the description of the present invention says that the group of openings is located at the central portion of the upper surface, the term "central" is not used in a strict meaning and the central portion can be a portion close to a center.
-
- 1a
- Through hole
- 2
- Plug body
- 2a
- Upper surface
- P
- Pitch
Claims (4)
- A bottom blowing plug to be attached to a combined blowing converter capable of processing 150 t or more of molten iron at a time, and comprising a plug body having an upper surface to contact the molten iron, the upper surface having a group of openings comprising openings of at least 30 through holes and inert gas being injected at 20 to 60 Nl/min from each one of the openings, wherein
the group of openings is located at a central portion of the upper surface of the plug body, and when Su cm2 is area of the upper surface and So cm2 is area of an opening group portion where the group of openings is located, So/Su ≤ 0.25 and Su cm2 ≥ 400 cm2, and
density of the openings constituting the group of openings, which is expressed by the number of openings divided by the area So of the opening group portion, is 0.6 to 3.9 opening/cm2. - The bottom blowing plug according to claim 1, wherein a pitch P of adjacent ones of the openings is 6 to 12 mm.
- The bottom blowing plug according to claim 1 or 2, wherein relative arrangement of the openings constituting the group of openings is that the openings are formed in the upper surface of the plug body so as to be respectively located at vertices of regular triangles or squares having sides of P mm.
- The bottom blowing plug according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein distance from a periphery of the upper surface to a closest one of the openings located at a shortest distance from the periphery is longer than distance from the closest one of the openings to a central opening located at a center of the group of openings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/005096 WO2017060937A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2015-10-07 | Bottom-blowing plug |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3231878A1 true EP3231878A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP3231878A4 EP3231878A4 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
EP3231878B1 EP3231878B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
Family
ID=58488149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15888078.1A Revoked EP3231878B1 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2015-10-07 | Bottom-blowing plug |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3231878B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101828140B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107075596B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016022757B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017060937A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019012601A1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-17 | 東京窯業株式会社 | Furnace body and bottom-blowing plug |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61207505A (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1986-09-13 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Bottom blowing nozzle of refining furnace for molten metal |
JPS62214121A (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1987-09-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Gas blowing plug |
JPH0129233Y2 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1989-09-06 | ||
JPH0639613B2 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1994-05-25 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Bottom blowing tuyere |
JPH0931527A (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 1997-02-04 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Plug for blowing gas |
JP4443732B2 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2010-03-31 | 東京窯業株式会社 | Blowing porous plug for molten metal |
JP2007262471A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Gas-blowing plug |
KR200461650Y1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-07-26 | 토쿄 요교 가부시키가이샤 | Plug for inducting gas |
JP5974596B2 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2016-08-23 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Tuyere block |
CN203602649U (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-05-21 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Bottom blowing structure for small-sized smelting container |
-
2015
- 2015-10-07 WO PCT/JP2015/005096 patent/WO2017060937A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-10-07 CN CN201580001518.XA patent/CN107075596B/en active Active
- 2015-10-07 BR BR112016022757-3A patent/BR112016022757B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-07 EP EP15888078.1A patent/EP3231878B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2015-10-07 KR KR1020157033034A patent/KR101828140B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20170085616A (en) | 2017-07-25 |
BR112016022757B1 (en) | 2021-12-14 |
CN107075596A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3231878B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
CN107075596B (en) | 2018-10-02 |
KR101828140B1 (en) | 2018-02-09 |
BR112016022757A2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
EP3231878A4 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
WO2017060937A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
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