EP3226258B1 - Insulated electrical conductor - Google Patents

Insulated electrical conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3226258B1
EP3226258B1 EP16163536.2A EP16163536A EP3226258B1 EP 3226258 B1 EP3226258 B1 EP 3226258B1 EP 16163536 A EP16163536 A EP 16163536A EP 3226258 B1 EP3226258 B1 EP 3226258B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
insulating layer
coating
electric conductor
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16163536.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3226258A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Hochstöger
Rudolf Schrayvogel
Ewald Koppensteiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HPW Metallwerk GmbH
Original Assignee
Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT16163536T priority Critical patent/PT3226258T/en
Application filed by Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH filed Critical Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH
Priority to RS20181483A priority patent/RS58038B1/en
Priority to PL16163536T priority patent/PL3226258T3/en
Priority to ES16163536T priority patent/ES2704893T3/en
Priority to EP16163536.2A priority patent/EP3226258B1/en
Priority to PT181919028T priority patent/PT3441986T/en
Priority to RS20211525A priority patent/RS62697B1/en
Priority to ES18191902T priority patent/ES2903093T3/en
Priority to TR2019/10192T priority patent/TR201910192T4/en
Priority to ES17711216T priority patent/ES2737298T3/en
Priority to RS20190780A priority patent/RS58877B1/en
Priority to BR112018069576A priority patent/BR112018069576A2/en
Priority to CN202210097365.5A priority patent/CN114520071A/en
Priority to EP17711216.6A priority patent/EP3394861B1/en
Priority to PL17711216T priority patent/PL3394861T3/en
Priority to KR1020227034350A priority patent/KR102587257B1/en
Priority to MA044174A priority patent/MA44174A/en
Priority to MX2018011979A priority patent/MX2018011979A/en
Priority to MA044633A priority patent/MA44633A/en
Priority to PL18191902T priority patent/PL3441986T3/en
Priority to EP18191902.8A priority patent/EP3441986B8/en
Priority to CA3019024A priority patent/CA3019024C/en
Priority to JP2018551942A priority patent/JP6877773B2/en
Priority to PT17711216T priority patent/PT3394861T/en
Priority to US16/089,270 priority patent/US20190131037A1/en
Priority to CN201780026649.2A priority patent/CN109074918A/en
Priority to MDE20190207T priority patent/MD3441986T2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2017/056489 priority patent/WO2017167595A1/en
Priority to BR122020003443-2A priority patent/BR122020003443B1/en
Priority to MYPI2018703545A priority patent/MY188833A/en
Priority to HUE18191902A priority patent/HUE056737T2/en
Priority to KR1020187028338A priority patent/KR102455180B1/en
Publication of EP3226258A1 publication Critical patent/EP3226258A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3226258B1 publication Critical patent/EP3226258B1/en
Priority to JP2021040199A priority patent/JP7055496B2/en
Priority to US17/932,974 priority patent/US20230040706A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/141—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion of two or more insulating layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables using irradiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/145—Pretreatment or after-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/301—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in group H01B3/302
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/307—Other macromolecular compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/427—Polyethers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0291—Disposition of insulation comprising two or more layers of insulation having different electrical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, wherein the coating comprises at least one outer insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, and to a method for producing such an insulated electrical conductor.
  • Insulated electrical conductors are installed in almost any electrical device to conduct electrical current without causing short circuits that may be caused by the contact of non-electrically insulated conductors.
  • Such insulated electrical conductors comprise a copper electrical conductor and a coating electrically insulating the conductor, which usually comprises one or more layers.
  • the coating comprises an insulating layer of thermoplastic, which is typically the outermost layer of the coating.
  • the EP 0 188 369 A2 describes a metallic part, for example a cable, with a refractory coating, wherein the refractory coating has a metallic base layer and one or more metal intermediate layers of metal oxides, which are applied to the metallic part under an inert gas atmosphere using an electronic application method. An insulating layer of plastic is subsequently applied to the refractory coating.
  • the WO2016 / 039350A1 describes the production of an insulated electrical conductor wherein a lacquer layer is first applied to the electrical conductor and then a thermoplastic insulation layer (PEEK) is applied to the lacquer layer.
  • PEEK thermoplastic insulation layer
  • the electrical conductor of generic insulated electrical conductors consists of copper or an alloy with a high copper content or aluminum or other electrical conductive materials.
  • the cross-sectional geometry of the conductor which is normal to a conductor axis, can have any geometric shape: square, rectangular, circular or elliptical, it being customary to round off any edges, or profiled.
  • the insulation of the conductor is ensured by the proposed insulating layer of thermoplastic material, wherein the insulating layer advantageously forms the outermost layer of the coating.
  • one or more further layers are applied to the insulation layer.
  • the adhesion of the layer of the coating applied to the surface of the conductor removed from the oxide layer is significantly improved. It has been found that the oxide layer can be completely removed by a plasma treatment under an oxygen-free protective gas atmosphere, wherein other impurities can be removed by the plasma treatment. It is even possible that the top atomic layers of the conductor are removed by the plasma treatment.
  • a gas plasma is generated in the protective gas atmosphere and the conductor in the plasma is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to remove at least the oxide layer by the ion bombardment.
  • Suitable protective gas or process gas are, for example, nitrogen, argon or hydrogen.
  • the plasma treatment has further positive effects on the conductor: on the one hand, the conductor is heated by the impact energy of the ions on the surface and can be annealed during the plasma treatment in order to recrystallize the microstructure of the conductor Surface energy of the conductor can be increased, which additionally improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor.
  • Another effect of the plasma treatment is to increase the microroughness of the surface of the conductor, which also has a positive effect on the adhesion of the coating.
  • At least part of the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under the same protective gas atmosphere under which the plasma treatment is carried out.
  • the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor, preferably of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer thermoplastic material, and the insulated electrical conductor is obtainable by a method in which the conductor is bombarded with ions of the protective gas under a protective gas atmosphere in a gas plasma to remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor and / or the surface energy of the conductor, and subsequently the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor, wherein at least a part of the coating is applied under protective gas atmosphere on the conductor.
  • the coating consists of the at least one insulating layer and is applied directly to the surface of the conductor.
  • An inventive insulated electrical conductor has by the direct application of a layer of If an all-round cut is made on the conductor perpendicular to a conductor axis and the conductor is stretched by 20%, the detachment of the coating from the conductor in the direction of the conductor axis is only a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1 mm.
  • the coating may consist, for example, only of the outer insulating layer or else have one or more intermediate layers, which are arranged between the surface of the conductor and the outer insulating layer. In both cases, it is also conceivable that the insulating layer does not form the outermost layer.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere in order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the conductor. It is also possible to pass through several inert gas atmospheres in succession, as long as the plasma-treated conductor is arranged uninterruptedly under one of the inert gas atmospheres.
  • the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor is a low-pressure plasma, preferably having a pressure of less than 80 mbar, which can be produced in a manner known per se. For example, pressures below 50 mbar or even below 20 mbar are conceivable.
  • the coating in particular the insulating layer, a temperature resistance of at least 180 ° C, preferably of at least 200 ° C, in particular of at least 220 ° C, having.
  • the, preferably outer, insulating layer polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] comprises and preferably has a thickness of between 10 and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 750 ⁇ m, more preferably between 30 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, in particular between 50 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m. It goes without saying that other layer thicknesses are conceivable are, for example, 40 pm, 60 pm, 80 pm, 100 pm or 200 pm, to name a few possibilities. It is particularly preferred if the insulating layer consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulphide [PPS].
  • The, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced cost-effectively and quickly if it is applied by an extrusion process, ie is extruded. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced by means of an extrusion method.
  • the coating in order to improve the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor, it is provided that the coating has a plasma polymer layer of crosslinked macromolecules of non-uniform chain length applied directly to the surface of the conductor. Layer by polymerization of a gaseous monomer in a gas plasma, preferably in the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor, can be produced.
  • the plasma polymer layer serves as an intermediate layer and, on the one hand, adheres excellently to the surface of the conductor and, on the other hand, allows increased adhesion of the coating layer applied to the plasma polymer layer.
  • a further embodiment variant of the first alternative embodiment provides that the plasma polymer layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less. It is conceivable thicknesses up to one hundredth of a micrometer as the lower limit. Due to the small layer thickness, the plasma polymer layer affects only insignificantly on the entire thickness of the insulated electrical conductor.
  • the monomer for producing the plasma polymer layer is ethylene, buthenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ]. Drawing the plasma polymer layers formed by these monomers in plasma characterized by particularly good adhesion properties.
  • the plasma polymer layer should have similar properties as polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], CF 4 is suitable as a monomer.
  • the coating has at least one fluoropolymer layer comprising, directly on the surface of the conductor, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP].
  • the fluoropolymer layer is also distinguished by excellent adhesion properties, both on the conductor and on the layer applied to the fluoropolymer layer, and serves as an intermediate layer of the coating. It is also conceivable that a plurality of fluoropolymer layers are applied one above the other to the conductor.
  • the thickness of the at least one fluoropolymer layer is between 1 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m ,
  • the coating has a metal layer applied directly to the surface of the conductor, preferably of a zinc or tin alloy.
  • the conductor is passed through a bath of molten metal to make the metal layer.
  • the metal layer also has very good adhesion properties and acts as a supporting intermediate layer.
  • the coating preferably outer, insulating layer directly onto the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer or the metal layer is applied.
  • the coating consists of at least two layers: the first lower, deposited on the conductor layer according to the first, second or third alternative embodiment and the second upper layer in the form of the outer insulating layer of thermoplastic material such as PEEK or PPS.
  • the outermost layer of the coating can be formed either by the outer insulating layer itself or by one or more further layers.
  • an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer of thermoplastic material, preferably of PEEK or PPS, includes. It is provided that an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor is removed, so that at least one layer of the coating, preferably the outer insulation layer, is applied directly on the oxide layer-free surface of the conductor.
  • the above-described effects of the increased adhesion of the coating on the conductor also occur in such a way defined insulated electrical conductor.
  • the removal of the oxide layer can be done either by means of a plasma treatment or with be removed by chemical means, such as acids. However, the synergistic effects described above only occur in a plasma treatment.
  • the Kuper electrical conductor is subjected to the process in the form of a ribbon or wire.
  • the electrical conductor is treated either "in-line", ie directly after the production of the electrical conductor (such as by cold forming or extrusion), according to the inventive method or the conductor is provided in a wound-up form via a coil sequence available.
  • the conductor is subjected to a mechanical and / or chemical pre-cleaning before the plasma treatment.
  • the plasma treatment is carried out analogously to the previous embodiments, wherein the conductor is continuously conveyed through the plasma treatment unit performing the plasma treatment.
  • the thickness of the layer applied by the plasma treatment from the conductor can be precisely adjusted.
  • the temperature for annealing and the associated recrystallization of the microstructure of the conductor can also be defined.
  • the coating is applied to the treated surface of the conductor.
  • the coating adheres particularly well on the surface of the conductor due to the removal of the oxide layer or by the activation of the surface by increasing the surface energy of the conductor.
  • the coating is applied under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the electrical conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • a variant of the method provides that the, preferably outer, insulating layer is extruded, wherein the electrical conductor is preferably preheated prior to extrusion, more preferably to at least 200 ° C.
  • Extrusion is a cost effective method for applying the insulation layer and is particularly suitable for PEEK and PPS.
  • the insulating layer can thus be applied in a simple manner as outermost layer of the coating.
  • preheating the conductor which is particularly advantageous when the, preferably outer, insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the conductor, a jerky cooling of the extruded plastic is reduced upon contact with the conductor and thus minimizes negative influences on the adhesion.
  • the conductor is preheated to at least 200 ° C, in particular to above 300 ° C or above 400 ° C, especially when PEEK is extruded onto the conductor.
  • the insulated electrical conductor is cooled after the extrusion of the, preferably outer, insulating layer in dependence on the strength of the, preferably outer, insulating layer to be achieved.
  • the adjustment of the mechanical properties of the insulating layer, in particular the mechanical strength takes place inter alia by the defined cooling of the insulated conductor and the consequent adjustment of the degree of crystallization and is particularly important when the insulating layer is the outermost layer of the coating. If, for example, the conductor is cooled slowly, for example by cooling in the air, a high crystallinity of the insulation layer results. It is also conceivable quenching in a water bath, so an abrupt cooling, or a combination of abrupt and slow cooling.
  • an inventive insulated electrical conductor is used as a winding wire for electrical machines, preferably electric motors or transformers.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, as shown in the FIGS. 2a to 2d or 3a to 3d is shown.
  • the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor 1 made of copper, wherein other materials such as aluminum are conceivable, and an insulating coating 2, which at least one insulating layer 3 of having thermoplastic, preferably high temperature resistant, plastic.
  • the insulating layer 3 is formed as an outer insulating layer 3 and thus forms the outermost layer of the coating 2. It is understood, however, that in alternative embodiments on the insulating layer 3, one or more further layers, preferably insulating layers applied can, which then form the outermost layer of the coating 2.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is continuously supplied in the illustrated embodiment as a belt or wire via a coil outlet 7 to the process and can be prepared for example by means of cold forming process, such as drawing or rolling, or extrusion, for example by means of Conform® technology. It goes without saying that the method according to the invention can also be carried out "in-line", that is, directly connected to the production process.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is pre-cleaned in a pre-cleaning unit 8 mechanically, for instance by means of a grinding process, or chemically, for example by means of suitable solvents or acids, in order to remove coarse contaminants from the conductor 1.
  • the pre-cleaned conductor 1 passes into a plasma treatment unit 9 in which a protective gas atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or hydrogen prevails and a gas plasma in the form of a low-pressure plasma with less than 20 mbar pressure is produced.
  • a low-pressure plasma can be produced even at a pressure of less than 80 mbar.
  • the surface of the conductor 1 is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to ablate or remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor 1.
  • the conductor 1 is soft annealed by the plasma treatment and thus the surface energy of the conductor 1 increases the surface activated.
  • the coating 2 consists only of the outer insulation layer 3.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 has a temperature resistance of over 180 ° C, preferably of over 220 ° C, so that the insulated electrical conductor can be used even at high operating temperatures .
  • the outer insulation layer 3 consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK], which has both high temperature resistance and high resistance to a large number of organic and inorganic substances.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 may also consist of polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] or comprise PEEK and / or PPS.
  • the conductor 1 passes after passing through the plasma treatment unit 9 in the extrusion unit 12 in which the outer insulating layer 3 is extruded onto the conductor 1.
  • the conductor 1 is preheated to a temperature of at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C.
  • both the extrusion and the transport of the conductor 1 into the extrusion unit 12 takes place under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • An insulated electrical conductor produced in this way can be used, for example, as a winding wire, which is also known in English as "magnet wire", in an electric machine, such as an electric motor or a transformer.
  • the thickness of the outer insulating layer 3 is about 30 microns in the present embodiment.
  • the coating 2 comprises in the in Figures 2b and 3b 2, which is not part of the invention, in addition to the outer insulation layer 3 of PEEK or PPS, an intermediate layer in the form of a plasma polymer layer 4.
  • This plasma polymer layer 4 can be prepared in a plasma polymerization unit 10, which after the plasma treatment Unit 9 and in front of the extrusion unit 12 is arranged. It is also conceivable that the plasma treatment and the plasma polymerization are carried out in a combined device.
  • the plasma polymer layer 4 is formed on the surface of the conductor 1 by reacting a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, butenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ] is activated by means of the plasma and thereby highly crosslinked macromolecules of different chain length and a proportion of free radicals form, which deposit as a plasma polymer layer 4 on the surface of the conductor 1.
  • a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, butenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ]
  • the resulting plasma polymer layer 4 is in the present embodiment, which is not part of The invention is less than 1 micron thick and adheres particularly well to the activated and oxide-free surface of the conductor. 1
  • the outer insulation layer 3 is in turn extruded onto the plasma polymer layer 4 in the extrusion unit 12 as described above, whereby the adhesion between the plasma polymer layer 4 and the outer insulation layer 3 is also high.
  • the coating 2 comprises an intermediate layer formed as a fluoropolymer layer 5 of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], which is applied directly to the surface of the conductor 1 and the adhesion between the conductor 1 and the outer insulation layer 3 further improved.
  • the fluoropolymer layer 5 can be produced together with the outer insulating layer 3 in the extrusion unit 12 by means of a co-or tandem extrusion process.
  • the thickness of the fluoropolymer layer 5 is in the present embodiment about 30 microns.
  • the fourth embodiment which is also not part of the invention, and in the Figures 2d and 3d can be seen, thereby differs from the previously described, not encompassed by the invention second and third embodiment, that instead of the intermediate layer of plastic designed as a metal layer 6 intermediate layer is applied directly to the conductor 1.
  • This metal layer 6 can be produced in a tinning unit 11 in a manner known per se before the outer insulation layer 3 made of PEEK in the extrusion unit 12 is extruded onto the metal layer 6. This also further enhances the effect of the increased adhesion of the coating 2 or of the outer insulation layer 3 on the conductor 1 made of copper.
  • the insulated electrical conductor After extruding the outer insulation layer 3, the insulated electrical conductor is cooled in a controlled manner, for example by air cooling, and passed over a series of pressure rollers which further improve adhesion by applying pressure to the insulated electrical conductor. Finally, the insulated electrical conductor is wound on a Spulenaufwickler 13.
  • Fig. 1 it is an overview, in which all the facilities are shown, which are necessary for the production of the individual variants. While the order, from right to left, of the devices passed through are independent of the embodiment and, in any case, the plasma treatment unit 9 and the extrusion unit 12 have to be traversed, the plasma polymerization unit 9 and the tinning unit 11 are optional devices , which are used only in the production of variants that are not part of the invention. It goes without saying that instead of a co-or tandem extrusion process, several individual extrusions can be carried out sequentially.

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Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die Erfindung betrifft einen isolierten elektrischen Leiter umfassend einen elektrischen Leiter, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium, mit einer isolierenden Beschichtung, wobei die Beschichtung zumindest eine äußere Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff umfasst, sowie auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen isolierten elektrischen Leiters.The invention relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, wherein the coating comprises at least one outer insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, and to a method for producing such an insulated electrical conductor.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Isolierte elektrische Leiter werden in nahezu jedem elektrischen Gerät verbaut, um elektrischen Strom zu leiten ohne dabei Kurzschlüsse zu verursachen, die durch den Kontakt von nicht elektrisch isolierten Leitern verursacht werden können. Derartige isolierte elektrische Leiter umfassen einen elektrischen Leiter aus Kupfer und eine den Leiter elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung, die üblicher Weise eine oder mehrere Schichten aufweist. Um die Isolierung des Leiters sicherzustellen umfasst die Beschichtung eine Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, die in der Regel die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung darstellt.Insulated electrical conductors are installed in almost any electrical device to conduct electrical current without causing short circuits that may be caused by the contact of non-electrically insulated conductors. Such insulated electrical conductors comprise a copper electrical conductor and a coating electrically insulating the conductor, which usually comprises one or more layers. To insure the insulation of the conductor, the coating comprises an insulating layer of thermoplastic, which is typically the outermost layer of the coating.

Während es in vielen Anwendungsgebieten vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Haftung der isolierenden Beschichtung am elektrischen Leiter schwach ausgebildet ist, um ein leichtes Abisolieren des elektrischen Leiters zu ermöglichen, ist es in anderen Anwendungsgebieten erwünscht, eine möglichst große Haftung sicherzustellen. Solche Anwendungsgebiete finden sich beispielsweise im Elektromaschinenbau und insbesondere bei Elektromotoren oder Transformatoren, wo die isolierten elektrischen Leiter auch einer erhöhten Temperatur ausgesetzt sind. Die Verarbeitbarkeit der isolierten elektrischen Leiter erfordert dabei oftmals eine erhöhte Haftung der Beschichtung am Leiter, teilweise auch bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen.While it is advantageous in many applications, when the adhesion of the insulating coating to the electrical conductor is weak to allow easy stripping of the electrical conductor, it is desirable in other applications to ensure the greatest possible adhesion. Such applications are found for example in electrical engineering and in particular in electric motors or transformers, where the insulated electrical conductors are also exposed to an elevated temperature. The processability of the insulated electrical conductors often requires increased adhesion of the coating to the conductor, in some cases even at high operating temperatures.

Die EP 0 188 369 A2 beschreibt einen metallischen Teil, beispielsweise ein Kabel, mit einer feuerfesten Beschichtung, wobei die feuerfeste Beschichtung eine metallische Grundschicht und eine oder mehrere metallische Zwischenschichten aus Metalloxiden aufweist, welche mit einer elektronischen Auftragsmethode unter Schutzgasatmosphäre auf das metallische Teil aufgetragen werden. Auf die feuerfeste Beschichtung wird nachfolgend eine Isolationsschicht aus Kunststoff aufgetragen.The EP 0 188 369 A2 describes a metallic part, for example a cable, with a refractory coating, wherein the refractory coating has a metallic base layer and one or more metal intermediate layers of metal oxides, which are applied to the metallic part under an inert gas atmosphere using an electronic application method. An insulating layer of plastic is subsequently applied to the refractory coating.

Die WO2016/039350A1 beschreibt die Herstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters wobei auf den elektrischen Leiter zunächst eine Lackschicht aufgebracht wird und danach eine thermoplastische Isolationsschicht (PEEK) auf die Lackschicht aufgebracht wird.The WO2016 / 039350A1 describes the production of an insulated electrical conductor wherein a lacquer layer is first applied to the electrical conductor and then a thermoplastic insulation layer (PEEK) is applied to the lacquer layer.

Um die Haftung zu überprüfen wird üblicher Weise ein Rundumschnitt am Leiter senkrecht zu einer Leiterachse durchgeführt, der Leiter um 20% gedehnt und danach die Ablösung der Beschichtung vom Leiter gemessen. Desto geringer die Ablösung der Beschichtung vom Leiter ist, desto besser ist die Haftung.
In herkömmlichen isolierten elektrischen Leiter die ein Beschichtung mit einer, vorzugsweise hochtemperaturbeständigen äußeren, Isolationsschicht aufweisen, ist die Haftung zwischen dem Kupfer und der Beschichtung, insbesondere der äußeren Isolationsschicht, eher gering, da die Haftung eines Kunststoffs am Leiter aufgrund der Oberflächeneigenschaften gering ist.In order to check the adhesion, a round cut is usually made on the conductor perpendicular to a conductor axis, the conductor is stretched by 20% and then the detachment of the coating from the conductor is measured. The lower the detachment of the coating from the conductor, the better the adhesion.
In conventional insulated electrical conductors which have a coating with an insulation layer which is preferably high-temperature-resistant, the adhesion between the copper and the coating, in particular the outer insulation layer, is rather low, since the adhesion of a plastic to the conductor is low due to the surface properties.

AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der Erfindung einen isolierten elektrischen Leiter vorzuschlagen, welcher die Nachteile des Stands der Technik überwindet und eine gute Haftung zwischen der isolierenden Beschichtung und dem elektrischen Leiter gewährleistet.It is therefore an object of the invention to propose an insulated electrical conductor which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and ensures good adhesion between the insulating coating and the electrical conductor.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Der elektrische Leiter gattungsgemäßer isolierter elektrischer Leiter besteht aus Kupfer oder einer Legierung mit einem hohen Kupferanteil oder Aluminium oder sonstigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien. Die Querschnittsgeometrie des Leiters, welche normal auf eine Leiterachse steht, kann dabei eine beliebige geometrische Form aufweisen: quadratisch, rechteckig, kreisrund oder elliptisch, wobei es üblich ist etwaige Kanten abzurunden, bzw. profiliert. Die Isolation des Leiters wird durch die vorgesehene Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff sichergestellt, wobei die Isolationsschicht vorteilhafter Weise die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung ausbildet. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass auf der Isolationsschicht eine oder mehrere weitere Schichten aufgetragen sind.The electrical conductor of generic insulated electrical conductors consists of copper or an alloy with a high copper content or aluminum or other electrical conductive materials. The cross-sectional geometry of the conductor, which is normal to a conductor axis, can have any geometric shape: square, rectangular, circular or elliptical, it being customary to round off any edges, or profiled. The insulation of the conductor is ensured by the proposed insulating layer of thermoplastic material, wherein the insulating layer advantageously forms the outermost layer of the coating. However, it is also conceivable that one or more further layers are applied to the insulation layer.

Durch den Kontakt mit Sauerstoff, der unausweichlich ist sofern der Leiter der Atmosphäre ausgesetzt ist, bildet sich eine Oxidschicht aus Kupferoxid oder Aluminiumoxid an der Oberfläche des Leiters aus. Umfassende Versuchsreihen haben gezeigt, dass sich die Oxidschicht negativ auf die Haftungseigenschaften einer auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebrachten Schicht der Beschichtung auswirkt.Contact with oxygen, which is unavoidable as long as the conductor is exposed to the atmosphere, forms an oxide layer of copper oxide or alumina on the surface of the conductor. Extensive series of experiments have shown that the oxide layer has a negative effect on the adhesion properties of a layer of the coating applied to the surface of the conductor.

Wenn jedoch die Oxidschicht entfernt wird, verbessert sich die Haftung der auf der von der Oxidschicht befreiten Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebrachten Schicht der Beschichtung maßgeblich. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Oxidschicht durch eine Plasmabehandlung unter einer - sauerstofffreien - Schutzgasatmosphäre vollständig entfernt werden kann, wobei auch sonstige Verunreinigungen durch die Plasmabehandlung entfernt werden können. Es ist sogar möglich, dass durch die Plasmabehandlung die obersten Atomschichten des Leiters abgetragen werden.However, when the oxide layer is removed, the adhesion of the layer of the coating applied to the surface of the conductor removed from the oxide layer is significantly improved. It has been found that the oxide layer can be completely removed by a plasma treatment under an oxygen-free protective gas atmosphere, wherein other impurities can be removed by the plasma treatment. It is even possible that the top atomic layers of the conductor are removed by the plasma treatment.

Bei der Plasmabehandlung wird ein Gas-Plasma in der Schutzgasatmosphäre erzeugt und der Leiter im Plasma mit Ionen des Schutzgases beschossen, um zumindest die Oxidschicht durch den Ionenbeschuss abzutragen. Als Schutzgas bzw. Prozessgas eignen sich beispielsweise Stickstoff, Argon oder Wasserstoff. Die Plasmabehandlung hat neben der Entfernung der Oxidschicht noch weitere positive Effekte auf den Leiter: einerseits wird der Leiter durch die Aufprallenergie der Ionen auf der Oberfläche erhitzt und kann während der Plasmabehandlung weichgeglüht werden, um das Gefüge des Leiters zu rekristallisieren andererseits kann durch den Ionenbeschuss die Oberflächenenergie des Leiters erhöht werden, was die Haftung der Beschichtung an der Oberfläche des Leiters zusätzlich verbessert. Man spricht in diesem Zusammenhang auch von einer Aktivierung der Oberfläche des Leiters. Ein weiterer Effekt der Plasmabehandlung ist die Erhöhung der Mikrorauigkeit der Oberfläche des Leiters, welches sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Haftung der Beschichtung auswirkt.During the plasma treatment, a gas plasma is generated in the protective gas atmosphere and the conductor in the plasma is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to remove at least the oxide layer by the ion bombardment. Suitable protective gas or process gas are, for example, nitrogen, argon or hydrogen. In addition to the removal of the oxide layer, the plasma treatment has further positive effects on the conductor: on the one hand, the conductor is heated by the impact energy of the ions on the surface and can be annealed during the plasma treatment in order to recrystallize the microstructure of the conductor Surface energy of the conductor can be increased, which additionally improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor. One speaks in this context of an activation of the surface of the conductor. Another effect of the plasma treatment is to increase the microroughness of the surface of the conductor, which also has a positive effect on the adhesion of the coating.

Um die erneute Ausbildung einer Oxidschicht an der Oberfläche des Leiters zu verhindern, wird zumindest ein Teil der Beschichtung unter Schutzgasatmosphäre, vorzugsweise unter derselben Schutzgasatmosphäre unter der die Plasmabehandlung durchgeführt wird, auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht wird.In order to prevent the reformation of an oxide layer on the surface of the conductor, at least part of the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under the same protective gas atmosphere under which the plasma treatment is carried out.

Um die eingangs gestellte Aufgabe zu lösen, ist daher in einem erfindungsgemäßen isolierten elektrischen Leiter vorgesehen, dass der isolierte elektrische Leiter einen elektrischen Leiter, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium, mit einer isolierenden Beschichtung umfasst, wobei die Beschichtung zumindest eine, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff umfasst, und der isolierte elektrische Leiter durch ein Verfahren erhältlich ist, in dem der Leiter unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre in einem Gas-Plasma mit Ionen des Schutzgases beschossen wird, um eine auf einer Oberfläche des Leiters ausgebildete Oxidschicht zu entfernen und/oder die Oberflächenenergie des Leiters zu erhöhen, und nachfolgend die Beschichtung auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht wird, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Beschichtung unter Schutzgasatmosphäre auf den Leiter aufgebracht wird.In order to solve the object set out above, it is therefore provided in an insulated electrical conductor according to the invention that the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor, preferably of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer thermoplastic material, and the insulated electrical conductor is obtainable by a method in which the conductor is bombarded with ions of the protective gas under a protective gas atmosphere in a gas plasma to remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor and / or the surface energy of the conductor, and subsequently the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor, wherein at least a part of the coating is applied under protective gas atmosphere on the conductor.

Erfindungsgemäß ist des Weiteren vorgesehen, dass die, Beschichtung aus der zumindest einen Isolationsschicht besteht und unmittelbar auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht ist.According to the invention, it is further provided that the coating consists of the at least one insulating layer and is applied directly to the surface of the conductor.

Dadurch wird eine besonders einfache und kostengünstige Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen isolierten elektrischen Leiters ermöglicht, da die Haftung der zumindest einen Isolationsschicht an der Oberfläche des Leiters durch die Plasmabehandlung bereits so gut ist, dass keine Zwischenschichten notwendig sind. Auch das Aufbringen weiterer Schichten auf die Isolationsschicht ist denkbar.This allows a particularly simple and cost-effective production of an insulated electrical conductor according to the invention, since the adhesion of the at least one insulating layer to the surface of the conductor by the plasma treatment is already so good that no intermediate layers are necessary. The application of further layers on the insulating layer is conceivable.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierter elektrischer Leiter weist durch die unmittelbare Aufbringung einer Schicht der Beschichtung auf die plasmabehandelte, oxidfreie Oberfläche des Leiters besonders gute Haftungseigenschaften auf: Wird ein Rundumschnitt am Leiter senkrecht zu einer Leiterachse durchgeführt und der Leiter um 20% gedehnt so beträgt die Ablösung der Beschichtung vom Leiter in Richtung der Leiterachse gemessen lediglich maximal 3 mm, vorzugsweise maximal 2 mm, insbesondere maximal 1 mm.An inventive insulated electrical conductor has by the direct application of a layer of If an all-round cut is made on the conductor perpendicular to a conductor axis and the conductor is stretched by 20%, the detachment of the coating from the conductor in the direction of the conductor axis is only a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1 mm.

Die Beschichtung kann dabei beispielsweise nur aus der äußeren Isolationsschicht bestehen oder aber eine oder mehrere Zwischenschichten aufweisen, die zwischen der Oberfläche des Leiters und der äußeren Isolationsschicht angeordnet sind. In beiden Fällen ist es auch denkbar, dass die Isolationsschicht nicht die äußerste Schicht bildet.The coating may consist, for example, only of the outer insulating layer or else have one or more intermediate layers, which are arranged between the surface of the conductor and the outer insulating layer. In In both cases, it is also conceivable that the insulating layer does not form the outermost layer.

Eine Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Leiter bis zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung durchgehend unter Schutzgasatmosphäre angeordnet ist, um die Ausbildung einer neuen Oxidschicht auf der Oberfläche des Leiters zu verhindern. Es können auch mehrere Schutzgasatmosphären hintereinander durchlaufen werden, solange der plasmabehandelte Leiter ununterbrochen unter einer der Schutzgasatmosphären angeordnet ist.An embodiment of the invention provides that the conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere in order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the conductor. It is also possible to pass through several inert gas atmospheres in succession, as long as the plasma-treated conductor is arranged uninterruptedly under one of the inert gas atmospheres.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass es sich bei dem Gas-Plasma zum Beschießen des Leiters um ein Niederdruckplasma, vorzugsweise mit einem Druck unter 80 mbar, handelt, welches sich in an sich bekannter Weise herstellen lässt. Beispielsweise sind Drücke unter 50 mbar oder sogar unter 20 mbar denkbar.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor is a low-pressure plasma, preferably having a pressure of less than 80 mbar, which can be produced in a manner known per se. For example, pressures below 50 mbar or even below 20 mbar are conceivable.

Um den Einsatz des isolierten elektrischen Leiters in einer Umgebung mit erhöhter Temperatur, beispielsweise in Elektromaschinen mit erhöhter Betriebstemperatur, zu ermöglichen, ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtung, insbesondere die Isolationsschicht, eine Temperaturbeständigkeit von zumindest 180°C, vorzugsweise von zumindest 200°C, insbesondere von zumindest 220°C, aufweist.In order to enable the use of the insulated electrical conductor in an environment with elevated temperature, for example in electric machines with increased operating temperature, is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the coating, in particular the insulating layer, a temperature resistance of at least 180 ° C, preferably of at least 200 ° C, in particular of at least 220 ° C, having.

Besonders gute Eigenschaften hinsichtlich der Temperaturbeständigkeit und der Beständigkeit gegen eine Vielzahl an organischen und chemischen Lösungsmittel, insbesondere auch gegen Hydrolyse, werden in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, dass die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht Polyetheretherketon [PEEK] oder Polyphenylensulfid [PPS] umfasst und vorzugsweise eine Dicke zwischen 10 und bis 1000 pm, vorzugsweise zwischen 25 µm und 750 pm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 30 µm und 500 pm, insbesondere zwischen 50 µm und 250 pm, aufweist. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass auch andere Schichtdicken denkbar sind, beispielsweise 40 pm, 60 pm, 80 pm, 100 µm oder 200 pm, um einige Möglichkeiten zu nennen. Besonders bevorzugt ist des dabei, wenn die Isolationsschicht aus Polyetheretherketon [PEEK] oder Polyphenylensulfid [PPS] besteht.Particularly good properties in terms of temperature resistance and resistance to a variety of organic and chemical solvents, especially against hydrolysis, are achieved in a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the, preferably outer, insulating layer polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] comprises and preferably has a thickness of between 10 and 1000 μm, preferably between 25 μm and 750 μm, more preferably between 30 μm and 500 μm, in particular between 50 μm and 250 μm. It goes without saying that other layer thicknesses are conceivable are, for example, 40 pm, 60 pm, 80 pm, 100 pm or 200 pm, to name a few possibilities. It is particularly preferred if the insulating layer consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulphide [PPS].

Die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht lässt sich kostengünstig und schnell herstellen, wenn sie durch ein Extrusionsverfahren aufgebracht wird also aufextrudiert ist. Daher ist in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht mittels eines Extrusions-Verfahrens herstellbar ist.
In einer ersten alternativen Ausführungsvariante die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, ist zur Verbesserung der Haftung der Beschichtung an der Oberfläche des Leiters vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtung eine unmittelbar auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebrachte Plasmapolymer-Schicht aus vernetzten Makromolekülen uneinheitlicher Kettenlänge aufweist, welche Plasmapolymer-Schicht durch Polymerisation eines gasförmigen Monomers in einem Gas-Plasma, vorzugsweise im Gas-Plasma zum Beschießen des Leiters, herstellbar ist. Die Plasmapolymer-Schicht dient als Zwischenschicht und haftet einerseits ausgezeichnet an der Oberfläche des Leiters und ermöglich andererseits eine erhöhte Haftung der auf die Plasmapolymer-Schicht aufgetragenen Schicht der Beschichtung.The, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced cost-effectively and quickly if it is applied by an extrusion process, ie is extruded. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced by means of an extrusion method.
In a first alternative embodiment which is not part of the invention, in order to improve the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor, it is provided that the coating has a plasma polymer layer of crosslinked macromolecules of non-uniform chain length applied directly to the surface of the conductor. Layer by polymerization of a gaseous monomer in a gas plasma, preferably in the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor, can be produced. The plasma polymer layer serves as an intermediate layer and, on the one hand, adheres excellently to the surface of the conductor and, on the other hand, allows increased adhesion of the coating layer applied to the plasma polymer layer.

Eine weitere Ausführungsvariante der ersten alternativen Ausführungsvariante sieht vor, dass die Plasmapolymer-Schicht eine Dicke von 1 µm oder weniger aufweist. Denkbar sind dabei Dicken bis zu einem Hundertstel eines Mikrometers als Untergrenze. Durch die geringe Schichtdicke wirkt sich die Plasmapolymer-Schicht nur unwesentlich auf die gesamte Dicke des isolierten elektrischen Leiters aus.A further embodiment variant of the first alternative embodiment provides that the plasma polymer layer has a thickness of 1 μm or less. It is conceivable thicknesses up to one hundredth of a micrometer as the lower limit. Due to the small layer thickness, the plasma polymer layer affects only insignificantly on the entire thickness of the insulated electrical conductor.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der ersten alternativen Ausführungsvariante handelt es sich bei dem Monomer zur Herstellung der Plasmapolymer-Schicht um Ethylen, Buthenol, Aceton oder Tetrafluormethan [CF4]. Die durch diese Monomere im Plasma gebildeten Plasmapolymer-Schichten zeichnen sich durch besonders gute Haftungseigenschaften aus. Insbesondere wenn die Plasmapolymer-Schicht ähnliche Eigenschaften wie Polytetrafluorethylen [PTFE] oder Perfluorethylenpropylen [FEP] aufweisen soll, bietet sich CF4 als Monomer an.According to a further embodiment variant of the first alternative embodiment variant, the monomer for producing the plasma polymer layer is ethylene, buthenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ]. Drawing the plasma polymer layers formed by these monomers in plasma characterized by particularly good adhesion properties. In particular, if the plasma polymer layer should have similar properties as polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], CF 4 is suitable as a monomer.

In einer zweiten alternativen Ausführungsvariante die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, ist vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtung zumindest eine unmittelbar auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebrachte, vorzugsweise Polytetrafluorethylen [PTFE] oder Perfluorethylenpropylen [FEP] umfassende, Fluoropolymer-Schicht aufweist. Auch die Fluoropolymer-Schicht zeichnet sich durch hervorragende Haftungseigenschaften, sowohl am Leiter als auch an der auf der Fluoropolymer-Schicht aufgetragenen Schicht, aus und dient als Zwischenschicht der Beschichtung. Es ist auch denkbar, dass mehrere Fluoropolymer-Schichten übereinander auf den Leiter aufgebracht werden. Besonders vorteilhafte Haftungseigenschaften werden dadurch erreicht, dass die die Dicke der zumindest einen Fluoropolymer-Schicht zwischen 1 µm und 120 pm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 µm und 100 pm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 µm und 80 pm, insbesondere zwischen 20 µm und 50 pm, beträgt.In a second alternative embodiment, which is not part of the invention, it is provided that the coating has at least one fluoropolymer layer comprising, directly on the surface of the conductor, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP]. The fluoropolymer layer is also distinguished by excellent adhesion properties, both on the conductor and on the layer applied to the fluoropolymer layer, and serves as an intermediate layer of the coating. It is also conceivable that a plurality of fluoropolymer layers are applied one above the other to the conductor. Particularly advantageous adhesion properties are achieved in that the thickness of the at least one fluoropolymer layer is between 1 μm and 120 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 100 μm, particularly preferably between 10 μm and 80 μm, in particular between 20 μm and 50 μm ,

In einer dritten alternativen Ausführungsvariante die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, ist vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtung eine unmittelbar auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebrachte Metallschicht, vorzugsweise aus einer Zink- oder Zinnlegierung, aufweist. Dabei wird der Leiter durch ein Bad aus geschmolzenem Metall geführt, um die Metallschicht herzustellen. Auch die Metallschicht weist sehr gute Haftungseigenschaften auf und fungiert als tragende Zwischenschicht.In a third alternative embodiment, which is not part of the invention, it is provided that the coating has a metal layer applied directly to the surface of the conductor, preferably of a zinc or tin alloy. The conductor is passed through a bath of molten metal to make the metal layer. The metal layer also has very good adhesion properties and acts as a supporting intermediate layer.

Um die Anzahl an unterschiedlichen Schichten in der Beschichtung gemäß einer der drei alternativen Ausführungsvarianten, die nicht Teil der Erfindung sind zu reduzieren und die damit verbundenen Herstellungskosten gering zu halten kann vorgesehen sein, dass die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht unmittelbar auf die Plasmapolymer-Schicht oder die zumindest eine Fluoropolymer-Schicht oder die Metallschicht aufgebracht ist. In anderen Worten besteht die Beschichtung aus zumindest zwei Schichten: die erste untere, auf dem Leiter aufgebrachte Schicht entsprechend der ersten, zweiten oder dritten alternativen Ausführungsvariante und die zweite obere Schicht in Form der äußeren Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff wie PEEK oder PPS. Die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung kann dabei entweder durch die äußere Isolationsschicht selbst ausgebildet sein oder aber durch eine oder mehrere weitere Schichten.In order to reduce the number of different layers in the coating according to one of the three alternative embodiments, which are not part of the invention and to minimize the associated production costs, it may be provided that the, preferably outer, insulating layer directly onto the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer or the metal layer is applied. In other words, the coating consists of at least two layers: the first lower, deposited on the conductor layer according to the first, second or third alternative embodiment and the second upper layer in the form of the outer insulating layer of thermoplastic material such as PEEK or PPS. The outermost layer of the coating can be formed either by the outer insulating layer itself or by one or more further layers.

Die Erfindung lässt sich in anderen Worten auch beschreiben durch einen isolierten elektrischen Leiter umfassend einen elektrischen Leiter, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium, mit einer isolierenden Beschichtung, wobei die Beschichtung zumindest eine, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus PEEK oder PPS, umfasst. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass eine auf einer Oberfläche des Leiters ausgebildete Oxidschicht entfernt ist, sodass zumindest eine Schicht der Beschichtung, vorzugsweise die äußere Isolationsschicht, unmittelbar auf der oxidschichtfreien Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht ist. Die zuvor beschriebenen Effekte der erhöhten Haftung der Beschichtung am Leiter treten auch in einem derart
definierten isolierten elektrischen Leiter auf. Die Entfernung der Oxidschicht kann sowohl mittels einer Plasmabehandlung erfolgen oder aber mit
chemischen Mitteln, etwa durch Säuren, entfernt werden. Die zuvor beschriebenen synergistischen Effekte treten jedoch nur bei einer Plasmabehandlung auf.In other words, the invention can also be described by an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer of thermoplastic material, preferably of PEEK or PPS, includes. It is provided that an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor is removed, so that at least one layer of the coating, preferably the outer insulation layer, is applied directly on the oxide layer-free surface of the conductor. The above-described effects of the increased adhesion of the coating on the conductor also occur in such a way
defined insulated electrical conductor. The removal of the oxide layer can be done either by means of a plasma treatment or with
be removed by chemical means, such as acids. However, the synergistic effects described above only occur in a plasma treatment.

Die Erfindung betrifft des weiteren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters, welches folgende Verfahrensschritte aufweist:

  • Beschießen eines unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre angeordneten elektrischen Leiters, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium, mit Ionen des Schutzgases in einem Gas-Plasma, vorzugsweise einem Niederdruckplasma, um eine auf der Oberfläche des Leiters ausgebildete Oxidschicht zu entfernen und/oder die Oberflächenenergie des Leiters zu erhöhen;
  • Aufbringen einer isolierenden Beschichtung auf die Oberfläche des elektrischen Leiters unter Schutzgasatmosphäre, wobei der Leiter bis dahin vorzugsweise durchgehend unter Schutzgasatmosphäre angeordnet ist, wobei die Beschichtung eine, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus PEEK oder PPS, umfasst.
The invention further relates to a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, which has the following method steps:
  • Bombarding an under an inert gas arranged electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with ions of the shielding gas in a gas plasma, preferably a low-pressure plasma to remove an oxide layer formed on the surface of the conductor and / or to increase the surface energy of the conductor;
  • Applying an insulating coating to the surface of the electrical conductor under a protective gas atmosphere, wherein the conductor is arranged until then preferably continuously under a protective gas atmosphere, wherein the coating comprises a, preferably outer, insulating layer of thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PPS.

Der elektrische Leiter aus Kuper wird in Form eines Bandes oder eines Drahts dem Verfahren unterzogen. Dabei wird der elektrische Leiter entweder "in-line", also direkt anschließend an die Herstellung des elektrischen Leiters (etwa durch Kaltumformung oder Extrusion), entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt oder aber der Leiter wird in aufgewickelter Form über einen Spulenablauf zur Verfügung gestellt. In der Regel wird der Leiter vor der Plasmabehandlung noch einer mechanischen und/oder chemischen Vorreinigung unterzogen. Die Plasmabehandlung wird analog zu den vorhergegangen Ausführungen durchgeführt, wobei der Leiter kontinuierlich durch die die Plasmabehandlung durchführende Plasmabehandlungs-Einheit gefördert wird. Durch die geeignete Wahl der Prozessparameter lässt sich die Dicke der durch die Plasmabehandlung vom Leiter angetragene Schicht genau einstellen. Zusätzlich dazu lässt sich auch die Temperatur für das Weichglühen und die damit verbundene Rekristallisation des Gefüges des Leiters definieren.The Kuper electrical conductor is subjected to the process in the form of a ribbon or wire. In this case, the electrical conductor is treated either "in-line", ie directly after the production of the electrical conductor (such as by cold forming or extrusion), according to the inventive method or the conductor is provided in a wound-up form via a coil sequence available. As a rule, the conductor is subjected to a mechanical and / or chemical pre-cleaning before the plasma treatment. The plasma treatment is carried out analogously to the previous embodiments, wherein the conductor is continuously conveyed through the plasma treatment unit performing the plasma treatment. By suitable choice of the process parameters, the thickness of the layer applied by the plasma treatment from the conductor can be precisely adjusted. In addition, the temperature for annealing and the associated recrystallization of the microstructure of the conductor can also be defined.

Nach der Plasmabehandlung, also dem Abtragen der Oxidschicht und jedweden Verunreinigungen von der Oberfläche des Leiters, wobei auch dünne Schichten der Oberfläche des Leiters selbst (kleiner als 1 pm, vorzugsweise kleiner 0,1 µm) abgetragen werden können, durch Beschuss mit Ionen im Gas-Plasma bzw. der Aktivierung der Oberfläche des Leiters, wird die Beschichtung auf die behandelte Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht. Die Beschichtung haftet aufgrund der Entfernung der Oxidschicht bzw. durch die Aktivierung der Oberfläche durch Erhöhung der Oberflächenenergie des Leiters besonders gut auf der Oberfläche des Leiters. Um die Ausbildung einer neuen Oxidschicht auf der Oberfläche des Leiters zu verhindern, welche den erfindungsgemäßen Effekt unterbinden oder zumindest entscheidend abschwächen würde, wird die Beschichtung unter Schutzgasatmosphäre aufgebracht. Insbesondere von Vorteil ist es dabei, wenn der elektrische Leiter bis zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung durchgehend unter Schutzgasatmosphäre angeordnet ist.After the plasma treatment, ie the removal of the oxide layer and any impurities from the surface of the conductor, wherein even thin layers of the surface of the conductor itself (less than 1 pm, preferably less than 0.1 micron) can be removed by bombardment with ions in the gas Plasma or the activation of the surface of the conductor, the coating is applied to the treated surface of the conductor. The coating adheres particularly well on the surface of the conductor due to the removal of the oxide layer or by the activation of the surface by increasing the surface energy of the conductor. In order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the conductor, which would prevent or at least significantly reduce the effect according to the invention, the coating is applied under a protective gas atmosphere. In particular, it is advantageous if the electrical conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere.

Eine Ausführungsvariante des Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht aufextrudiert wird, wobei der elektrische Leiter vorzugsweise vor der Extrusion, besonders bevorzugt auf zumindest 200°C, vorgewärmt, wird. Die Extrusion stellt ein kostengünstiges Verfahren zum Aufbringen der Isolationsschicht dar und eignet sich insbesondere auch für PEEK und PPS. Die Isolationsschicht lässt sich somit auch in einfacher Art und Weise als äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung aufbringen. Durch die Vorwärmung des Leiters, die vor allem vorteilhaft ist, wenn die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht direkt auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht wird, wird eine ruckartige Abkühlung des extrudierten Kunststoffs bei Kontakt mit dem Leiter reduziert und damit negative Einflüsse auf die Haftung minimiert. Besonders bevorzugt wird der Leiter auf zumindest 200°C, insbesondere auf über 300°C oder über 400°C, vorgewärmt, insbesondere wenn PEEK auf den Leiter aufextrudiert wird.A variant of the method provides that the, preferably outer, insulating layer is extruded, wherein the electrical conductor is preferably preheated prior to extrusion, more preferably to at least 200 ° C. Extrusion is a cost effective method for applying the insulation layer and is particularly suitable for PEEK and PPS. The insulating layer can thus be applied in a simple manner as outermost layer of the coating. By preheating the conductor, which is particularly advantageous when the, preferably outer, insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the conductor, a jerky cooling of the extruded plastic is reduced upon contact with the conductor and thus minimizes negative influences on the adhesion. Particularly preferably, the conductor is preheated to at least 200 ° C, in particular to above 300 ° C or above 400 ° C, especially when PEEK is extruded onto the conductor.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der isolierte elektrische Leiter nach dem Aufextrudieren der, vorzugsweise äußeren, Isolationsschicht in Abhängigkeit der zu erreichenden Festigkeit der, vorzugsweise äußeren, Isolationsschicht abgekühlt wird. Die Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Isolationsschicht, insbesondere der mechanischen Festigkeit, erfolgt unter anderem durch die definierte Abkühlung des isolierten Leiters und die dadurch bedingte Einstellung des Kristallisationsgrades und ist besonders wichtig, wenn es sich bei der Isolationsschicht um die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung handelt. Wird der Leiter beispielsweise langsam abgekühlt, etwa durch Abkühlen an der Luft, ergibt sich eine hohe Kristallinität der Isolationsschicht. Denkbar ist auch ein Abschrecken in einem Wasserbad, also eine abrupte Abkühlung, oder eine Kombination aus abrupter und langsamer Abkühlung.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the insulated electrical conductor is cooled after the extrusion of the, preferably outer, insulating layer in dependence on the strength of the, preferably outer, insulating layer to be achieved. The adjustment of the mechanical properties of the insulating layer, in particular the mechanical strength, takes place inter alia by the defined cooling of the insulated conductor and the consequent adjustment of the degree of crystallization and is particularly important when the insulating layer is the outermost layer of the coating. If, for example, the conductor is cooled slowly, for example by cooling in the air, a high crystallinity of the insulation layer results. It is also conceivable quenching in a water bath, so an abrupt cooling, or a combination of abrupt and slow cooling.

Um die Haftung der Beschichtung am Leiter weiter zu verbessern, insbesondere wenn die, vorzugsweise äußere, Isolationsschicht direkt auf die Oberfläche des Leiters aufgebracht wird, ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, dass der isolierte elektrische Leiter nach dem Aufextrudieren der, vorzugsweise äußeren, Isolationsschicht über Rollen, vorzugsweise Anpressrollen, geführt wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die Isolationsschicht die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung bildet. Ein enges Führen des isolierten Leiters über die Anpressrollen unter Beaufschlagung des isolierten elektrischen Leiters mit Druck führt zu einer besonders guten Haftung der Beschichtung bzw. insbesondere der äußeren Isolationsschicht auf der Oberfläche des Leiters. Dabei werden die Grenzflächen der Beschichtung zwischen den einzelnen Schichten, sofern mehrere vorhanden sind, und/oder die Grenzfläche der untersten Schicht der Beschichtung und die Oberfläche des Leiters aneinander gepresst und so die Adhäsionseffekte verstärkt.In order to further improve the adhesion of the coating to the conductor, in particular when the, preferably outer, insulating layer is applied directly to the surface of the conductor, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that the insulated electrical conductor after extrusion, preferably outer , Insulation layer on rollers, preferably pressure rollers, is performed. It is particularly advantageous if the insulating layer forms the outermost layer of the coating. Tight guiding of the insulated conductor via the pressure rollers under pressure of the insulated electrical conductor leads to a particularly good adhesion of the coating or, in particular, of the outer insulation layer on the surface of the conductor. In this case, the boundary surfaces of the coating between the individual layers, if several are present, and / or the interface of the lowermost layer of the coating and the surface of the conductor pressed together, thus enhancing the adhesion effects.

Da eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit und eine hohe Haftung der Beschichtung am elektrischen Leiter insbesondere im Elektromaschinenbau von Bedeutung ist, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierter elektrischer Leiter als Wickeldraht für Elektromaschinen, vorzugsweise Elektromotoren oder Transformatoren, verwendet wird.As a high temperature resistance and high adhesion of the coating on the electrical conductor in particular in Electrical engineering is important, the invention provides that an inventive insulated electrical conductor is used as a winding wire for electrical machines, preferably electric motors or transformers.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind beispielhaft und sollen den Erfindungsgedanken zwar darlegen, ihn aber keinesfalls einengen oder gar abschließend wiedergeben.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. The drawings are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the inventive idea, but in no way restrict it or even reproduce it.

Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
Fig. 2a
eine erste Ausführungsvariante eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters mit rechteckigem Querschnitt;
Fig. 2b
eine zweite Ausführungsvariante eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters mit rechteckigem Querschnitt, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist;
Fig. 2c
eine dritte Ausführungsvariante eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters mit rechteckigem Querschnitt, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist;
Fig. 2d
eine vierte Ausführungsvariante eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters mit rechteckigem Querschnitt, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist;
Fig. 3a-3d
die erste bis vierte Ausführungsvariante mit rundem Querschnitt.
Showing:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a method according to the invention;
Fig. 2a
a first embodiment of an insulated electrical conductor with a rectangular cross-section;
Fig. 2b
a second embodiment of an insulated electrical conductor with a rectangular cross-section, which is not part of the invention;
Fig. 2c
a third embodiment of an insulated electrical conductor with a rectangular cross-section, which is not part of the invention;
Fig. 2d
a fourth embodiment of an insulated electrical conductor with a rectangular cross-section, which is not part of the invention;
Fig. 3a-3d
the first to fourth embodiment with a round cross-section.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters, wie er in den Figuren 2a bis 2d bzw. 3a bis 3d dargestellt ist. Der isolierte elektrische Leiter umfasst einen elektrischen Leiter 1 aus Kupfer, wobei auch andere Materialien wie etwa Aluminium denkbar sind, und eine isolierende Beschichtung 2, welche zumindest eine Isolationsschicht 3 aus thermoplastischem, vorzugsweise hochtemperaturbeständigem, Kunststoff aufweist. In den nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Isolationsschicht 3 als äußere Isolationsschicht 3 ausgebildet und bildet somit die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung 2. Es versteht sich jedoch von selbst, dass in alternativen Ausführungsvarianten auf der Isolationsschicht 3 noch eine oder mehrere weitere Schichten, vorzugsweise Isolationsschichten, aufgebracht sein können, die dann die äußerste Schicht der Beschichtung 2 ausbilden. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, as shown in the FIGS. 2a to 2d or 3a to 3d is shown. The insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor 1 made of copper, wherein other materials such as aluminum are conceivable, and an insulating coating 2, which at least one insulating layer 3 of having thermoplastic, preferably high temperature resistant, plastic. In the following embodiments, the insulating layer 3 is formed as an outer insulating layer 3 and thus forms the outermost layer of the coating 2. It is understood, however, that in alternative embodiments on the insulating layer 3, one or more further layers, preferably insulating layers applied can, which then form the outermost layer of the coating 2.

Der elektrische Leiter 1 wird im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Band oder Draht über einen Spulenablauf 7 stetig dem Verfahren zugeführt und kann etwa mittels Kaltumformungsverfahren, wie Ziehen oder Walzen, oder Extrusion, beispielsweise mittels Conform® - Technologie, hergestellt sein. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch "in-line" durchgeführt werden kann, also direkt an den Herstellungsprozess anschließt. In einem ersten Schritt wird der elektrische Leiter 1 in einer Vorreinigungs-Einheit 8 mechanisch, etwa mittels eines Schleifverfahrens, oder chemisch, etwa mittels geeigneter Lösungsmittel oder Säuren, vorgereinigt, um grobe Verschmutzungen vom Leiter 1 zu entfernen.The electrical conductor 1 is continuously supplied in the illustrated embodiment as a belt or wire via a coil outlet 7 to the process and can be prepared for example by means of cold forming process, such as drawing or rolling, or extrusion, for example by means of Conform® technology. It goes without saying that the method according to the invention can also be carried out "in-line", that is, directly connected to the production process. In a first step, the electrical conductor 1 is pre-cleaned in a pre-cleaning unit 8 mechanically, for instance by means of a grinding process, or chemically, for example by means of suitable solvents or acids, in order to remove coarse contaminants from the conductor 1.

Im nächsten Verfahrensschritt gelangt der vorgereinigte Leiter 1 in eine Plasmabehandlungs-Einheit 9 in der eine Schutzgasatmosphäre aus Stickstoff, Argon oder Wasserstoff vorherrscht und ein Gas-Plasma in Form eines Niederdruckplasmas mit weniger als 20 mbar Druck hergestellt ist. Ein Niederdruckplasma kann jedoch auch schon bei einem Druck von weniger als 80 mbar hergestellt werden. In diesem Niederdruckplasma wird die Oberfläche des Leiters 1 mit Ionen des Schutzgases beschossen, um eine auf einer Oberfläche des Leiters 1 gebildete Oxidschicht abzutragen bzw. zu entfernen. Gleichzeitig wird der Leiter 1 durch die Plasmabehandlung weich geglüht und die Oberflächenenergie des Leiters 1 erhöht also die Oberfläche aktiviert.In the next process step, the pre-cleaned conductor 1 passes into a plasma treatment unit 9 in which a protective gas atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or hydrogen prevails and a gas plasma in the form of a low-pressure plasma with less than 20 mbar pressure is produced. However, a low-pressure plasma can be produced even at a pressure of less than 80 mbar. In this low-pressure plasma, the surface of the conductor 1 is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to ablate or remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor 1. At the same time, the conductor 1 is soft annealed by the plasma treatment and thus the surface energy of the conductor 1 increases the surface activated.

Durch das Abtragen der Oxidschicht und jedweden Verunreinigungen von der Oberfläche des Leiters 1, wobei sogar vorgesehen sein kann, dass sehr dünne Schichten von der des Leiters 1 selbst von der Oberfläche -abgetragen werden, und die Erhöhung der Oberflächenenergie kann die Haftung zwischen dem elektrischen Leiter 1 aus Kupfer und der auf dem Leiter 1 aufgebrachten Beschichtung entscheidend verbessert werden.By ablating the oxide layer and any contaminants from the surface of the conductor 1, it may even be provided that very thin layers are removed from that of the conductor 1 itself from the surface, and increasing the surface energy may increase the adhesion between the electrical conductor 1 of copper and the applied on the conductor 1 coating can be significantly improved.

In der ersten Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen isolierten elektrischen Leiters, dargestellt in Figur 2a als Flachleiter mit rechteckigem Querschnitt und in Fig. 3a mit rundem Querschnitt, besteht die Beschichtung 2 nur aus der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3. Die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 weist dabei eine Temperaturbeständigkeit von über 180°C, vorzugsweise von über 220°C, auf, sodass der isolierte elektrische Leiter auch bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen eingesetzt werden kann. Die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 besteht dabei aus Polyetheretherketon [PEEK], welches sowohl die hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit als auch eine hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber einer großen Anzahl an organischen und anorganischen Substanzen aufweist. Alternativ dazu kann die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 auch aus Polyphenylensulfid [PPS] bestehen oder PEEK und/oder PPS umfassen.In the first embodiment of the insulated electrical conductor according to the invention, shown in FIG FIG. 2a as flat conductor with rectangular cross section and in Fig. 3a With a round cross-section, the coating 2 consists only of the outer insulation layer 3. The outer insulation layer 3 has a temperature resistance of over 180 ° C, preferably of over 220 ° C, so that the insulated electrical conductor can be used even at high operating temperatures , The outer insulation layer 3 consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK], which has both high temperature resistance and high resistance to a large number of organic and inorganic substances. Alternatively, the outer insulation layer 3 may also consist of polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] or comprise PEEK and / or PPS.

Um die erhöhte Haftung zwischen dem Leiter 1 und der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 zu erreichen, gelangt der Leiter 1 nach dem Durchlaufen der Plasmabehandlungs-Einheit 9 in die Extrusions-Einheit 12 in der die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 auf den Leiter 1 aufextrudiert wird. Dabei wird der Leiter 1 auf eine Temperatur von zumindest 200°C, vorzugsweise zumindest 300°C, vorgeheizt. Um die erneute Ausbildung einer Oxidschicht zu verhindern, erfolgt sowohl die Extrusion als auch der Transport des Leiters 1 in die Extrusions-Einheit 12 unter Schutzgasatmosphäre. Ein derart hergestellter isolierter elektrischer Leiter kann beispielsweise als Wickeldraht, im Englischen auch als "magnet wire" geläufig, in einer Elektromaschine, wie einem Elektromotor oder einem Transformator, eingesetzt werden. Die Dicke der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 beträgt im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 30 µm.In order to achieve the increased adhesion between the conductor 1 and the outer insulating layer 3, the conductor 1 passes after passing through the plasma treatment unit 9 in the extrusion unit 12 in which the outer insulating layer 3 is extruded onto the conductor 1. In this case, the conductor 1 is preheated to a temperature of at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C. In order to prevent the reformation of an oxide layer, both the extrusion and the transport of the conductor 1 into the extrusion unit 12 takes place under a protective gas atmosphere. An insulated electrical conductor produced in this way can be used, for example, as a winding wire, which is also known in English as "magnet wire", in an electric machine, such as an electric motor or a transformer. The thickness of the outer insulating layer 3 is about 30 microns in the present embodiment.

Um die Haftung zwischen der Beschichtung 2 und dem Leiter 1 weiter zu erhöhen, umfasst die Beschichtung 2 in der in den Figuren 2b und 3b dargestellten zweiten Ausführungsvariante, die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, neben der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 aus PEEK oder PPS eine Zwischenschicht in Form einer Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4. Diese Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 kann in einer Plasmapolymerisations-Einheit 10 hergestellt werden, die nach der Plasmabehandlungs-Einheit 9 und vor der Extrusions-Einheit 12 angeordnet ist. Es ist auch denkbar, dass die Plasmabehandlung und die Plasmapolymerisation in einer kombinierten Einrichtung durchgeführt werden. Nachdem die Oxidschicht entfernt und die Oberflächenenergie erhöht wurde, siehe oben, bildet sich in der Plasmapolymerisations-Einheit 10 die Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 auf der Oberfläche des Leiters 1 aus, indem ein gasförmiges Monomer, wie Ethylen, Buthenol, Aceton oder Tetrafluormethan [CF4] mittels des Plasmas aktiviert wird und sich dadurch hochvernetzte Makromoleküle unterschiedlicher Kettenlänge und einem Anteil an freien Radikalen ausbilden, welche sich als Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 auf der Oberfläche des Leiters 1 ablagern. Die so entstandene Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel, das nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, weniger als 1 µm dick und haftet besonders gut an der aktivierten und oxidfreien Oberfläche des Leiters 1.In order to further increase the adhesion between the coating 2 and the conductor 1, the coating 2 comprises in the in Figures 2b and 3b 2, which is not part of the invention, in addition to the outer insulation layer 3 of PEEK or PPS, an intermediate layer in the form of a plasma polymer layer 4. This plasma polymer layer 4 can be prepared in a plasma polymerization unit 10, which after the plasma treatment Unit 9 and in front of the extrusion unit 12 is arranged. It is also conceivable that the plasma treatment and the plasma polymerization are carried out in a combined device. In the plasma polymerization unit 10, after the oxide layer is removed and the surface energy increased, as above, the plasma polymer layer 4 is formed on the surface of the conductor 1 by reacting a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, butenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ] is activated by means of the plasma and thereby highly crosslinked macromolecules of different chain length and a proportion of free radicals form, which deposit as a plasma polymer layer 4 on the surface of the conductor 1. The resulting plasma polymer layer 4 is in the present embodiment, which is not part of The invention is less than 1 micron thick and adheres particularly well to the activated and oxide-free surface of the conductor. 1

Die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 wird wiederum in der Extrusions-Einheit 12 wie oben beschrieben auf die Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 aufextrudiert, wobei auch die Haftung zwischen Plasmapolymer-Schicht 4 und äußerer Isolationsschicht 3 hoch ist.The outer insulation layer 3 is in turn extruded onto the plasma polymer layer 4 in the extrusion unit 12 as described above, whereby the adhesion between the plasma polymer layer 4 and the outer insulation layer 3 is also high.

In der dritten Ausführungsvariante, , die nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, abgebildet in den Figuren 2c und 3c, umfasst die Beschichtung 2 neben der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 aus PEEK eine als Fluoropolymer-Schicht 5 aus Polytetrafluorethylen [PTFE] oder Perfluorethylenpropylen [FEP] ausgebildete Zwischenschicht, die unmittelbar auf die Oberfläche des Leiters 1 aufgebracht ist und die Haftung zwischen dem Leiter 1 und der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 weiter verbessert. Hergestellt werden kann die Fluoropolymer-Schicht 5 gemeinsam mit der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 in der Extrusions-Einheit 12 mittels eines Ko- oder Tandemextrusions-Verfahrens. Die Dicke der Fluoropolymer-Schicht 5 beträgt dabei im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 30 µm.In the third embodiment, which is not part of the invention depicted in FIGS Figures 2c and 3c In addition to the outer insulation layer 3 of PEEK, the coating 2 comprises an intermediate layer formed as a fluoropolymer layer 5 of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], which is applied directly to the surface of the conductor 1 and the adhesion between the conductor 1 and the outer insulation layer 3 further improved. The fluoropolymer layer 5 can be produced together with the outer insulating layer 3 in the extrusion unit 12 by means of a co-or tandem extrusion process. The thickness of the fluoropolymer layer 5 is in the present embodiment about 30 microns.

Die vierte Ausführungsvariante, die ebenfalls nicht Teil der Erfindung ist, und in den Figuren 2d und 3d zu sehen ist, unterscheidet sich dadurch von der zuvor beschriebenen, nicht von der Erfindung umfassten zweiten und dritten Ausführungsvariante, dass anstatt der Zwischenschicht aus Kunststoff eine als Metallschicht 6 ausgebildete Zwischenschicht unmittelbar auf den Leiter 1 aufgebracht ist. Diese Metallschicht 6 kann in einer Verzinnungseinheit 11 in an sich bekannter Art und Weise hergestellt werden, bevor die äußere Isolationsschicht 3 aus PEEK in der Extrusions-Einheit 12 auf die Metallschicht 6 aufextrudiert wird. Auch dadurch wird der Effekt der erhöhten Haftung der Beschichtung 2 bzw. der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 am Leiter 1 aus Kupfer weiter verstärkt.The fourth embodiment, which is also not part of the invention, and in the Figures 2d and 3d can be seen, thereby differs from the previously described, not encompassed by the invention second and third embodiment, that instead of the intermediate layer of plastic designed as a metal layer 6 intermediate layer is applied directly to the conductor 1. This metal layer 6 can be produced in a tinning unit 11 in a manner known per se before the outer insulation layer 3 made of PEEK in the extrusion unit 12 is extruded onto the metal layer 6. This also further enhances the effect of the increased adhesion of the coating 2 or of the outer insulation layer 3 on the conductor 1 made of copper.

Nach dem Aufextrudieren der äußeren Isolationsschicht 3 wird der isolierte elektrische Leiter kontrolliert abgekühlt, beispielsweise durch Luftkühlung, und über eine Reihe von Anpressrollen geführt, die durch Ausüben von Druck auf den isolierte elektrische Leiter die Haftung weiter verbessern. Abschließend wird der isolierte elektrische Leiter auf einem Spulenaufwickler 13 aufgewickelt.After extruding the outer insulation layer 3, the insulated electrical conductor is cooled in a controlled manner, for example by air cooling, and passed over a series of pressure rollers which further improve adhesion by applying pressure to the insulated electrical conductor. Finally, the insulated electrical conductor is wound on a Spulenaufwickler 13.

Bei den dargestellten Einrichtungen in Fig. 1 handelt es sich über eine Übersicht, in der alle Einrichtungen gezeigt sind, die zur Herstellung der einzelnen Ausführungsvarianten notwendig sind. Während die Reihenfolge, von rechts nach links, der durchlaufenen Einrichtungen von der Ausführungsvariante unabhängig sind und jedenfalls die Plasmabehandlungs-Einheit 9 und die Extrusions-Einheit 12 durchlaufen werden müssen, handelt es sich bei der Plasmapolymerisations-Einheit 9 und der Verzinnungseinheit 11 um optionale Einrichtungen, die nur bei der Herstellung von Ausführungsvarianten zum Einsatz kommen, die nicht Teil der Erfindung sind. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass statt eines Ko- oder Tandemextrusions-Verfahrens auch mehrere einzelne Extrusionen sequentiell durchgeführt werden können.In the illustrated devices in Fig. 1 it is an overview, in which all the facilities are shown, which are necessary for the production of the individual variants. While the order, from right to left, of the devices passed through are independent of the embodiment and, in any case, the plasma treatment unit 9 and the extrusion unit 12 have to be traversed, the plasma polymerization unit 9 and the tinning unit 11 are optional devices , which are used only in the production of variants that are not part of the invention. It goes without saying that instead of a co-or tandem extrusion process, several individual extrusions can be carried out sequentially.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
elektrischer Leiterelectrical conductor
22
isolierende Beschichtunginsulating coating
33
Isolationsschichtinsulation layer
44
Plasmapolymer-SchichtPlasma polymer layer
55
Fluoropolymer-SchichtFluoropolymer layer
66
Metallschichtmetal layer
77
Spulenablaufpackage unwinding
88th
Vorreinigungs-EinheitPre-cleaning unit
99
Plasmabehandlungs-EinheitPlasma treatment unit
1010
Plasmapolymerisations-EinheitPlasma polymerization unit
1111
VerzinnungseinheitVerzinnungseinheit
1212
Extrusions-EinheitExtrusion unit
1313
SpulenaufwicklerSpulenaufwickler

Claims (17)

  1. Insulated electric conductor, comprising an electric conductor (1), preferably made of copper or aluminum, having an insulating coating (2), wherein the coating (2) consists of at least one insulating layer (3) of thermoplastic material, obtainable by a method in which the conductor (1) is placed under a protective gas atmosphere and is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in a gas plasma to remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor (1) and/or to increase the surface energy of the conductor (1), and subsequently at least one insulating layer (3) is applied directly to the surface of the conductor (1), wherein the at least one insulating layer (3) is applied to the conductor (1) under protective gas atmosphere.
  2. Insulated electric conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor (1) is placed continuously under protective gas atmosphere until the application of the coating (2) in order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the conductor (1).
  3. Insulated electric conductor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor is a low-pressure plasma, preferably having a pressure of less than 80 mbar.
  4. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coating (2) has a temperature resistance of at least 180°C, preferably of at least 200°C, in particular of at least 220°C.
  5. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) comprises polyetheretherketone [PEEK].
  6. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) comprises polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] .
  7. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) has a thickness between 10 and 1000 µm, preferably between 25 µm and 750 µm, more preferably between 30 µm and 500 µm, in particular between 50 µm and 250 µm.
  8. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) can be produced by means of an extrusion method.
  9. Insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one further layer, preferably a further insulating layer, is applied to the outer insulating layer (3).
  10. Method for producing an insulated electric conductor, which comprises the following method steps:
    - bombarding an electric conductor (1), preferably made of copper or aluminum, which is arranged under a protective gas atmosphere, with ions of the protective gas in a gas plasma, preferably a low-pressure plasma, to remove an oxide layer formed on the surface of the conductor (1) and/or to increase the surface energy of the conductor (1);
    - applying an insulating coating (2) to the surface of the electric conductor (1) under a protective gas atmosphere, wherein the coating (2) consists of at least one insulating layer (3) made of thermoplastic material, and the at least one insulating layer (3) is applied directly to the surface of the electric conductor (1).
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) comprises polyetheretherketone [PEEK].
  12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) comprises polyphenylene sulfide [PPS].
  13. Method according to one of the claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer (3) is extrusion-coated.
  14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the electric conductor (1) is preheated prior to extrusion to at least 200°C, preferably to at least 400°C.
  15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the insulated electric conductor is cooled after the extrusion-coating of the insulating layer (3) depending on the strength of the insulating layer (3) to be achieved.
  16. Method according to one of the claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the insulated electric conductor (1) is guided after the extrusion-coating of the at least one insulating layer (3) via rollers, preferably pressure rollers.
  17. Use of an insulated electric conductor according to one of the claims 1 to 9 as a winding wire for electric machines, preferably electric motors or transformers.
EP16163536.2A 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Insulated electrical conductor Active EP3226258B1 (en)

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RS20181483A RS58038B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Insulated electrical conductor
PL16163536T PL3226258T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Insulated electrical conductor
ES16163536T ES2704893T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Isolated electric conductor
EP16163536.2A EP3226258B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Insulated electrical conductor
PT16163536T PT3226258T (en) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Insulated electrical conductor
JP2018551942A JP6877773B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated conductor
ES18191902T ES2903093T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
TR2019/10192T TR201910192T4 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Isolated electrical conductor.
ES17711216T ES2737298T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
RS20190780A RS58877B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
BR112018069576A BR112018069576A2 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 insulated electrical conductor
CN202210097365.5A CN114520071A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
EP17711216.6A EP3394861B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
PL17711216T PL3394861T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
KR1020227034350A KR102587257B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
MA044174A MA44174A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
MX2018011979A MX2018011979A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor.
MA044633A MA44633A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
PT181919028T PT3441986T (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
EP18191902.8A EP3441986B8 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
CA3019024A CA3019024C (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
RS20211525A RS62697B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
PT17711216T PT3394861T (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
US16/089,270 US20190131037A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
CN201780026649.2A CN109074918A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 insulated electric conductor
MDE20190207T MD3441986T2 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
PCT/EP2017/056489 WO2017167595A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
BR122020003443-2A BR122020003443B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 ISOLATED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
MYPI2018703545A MY188833A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
HUE18191902A HUE056737T2 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
KR1020187028338A KR102455180B1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 insulated conductor
PL18191902T PL3441986T3 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electrical conductor
JP2021040199A JP7055496B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2021-03-12 Insulated conductor
US17/932,974 US20230040706A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2022-09-16 Insulated Electric Conductor

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WO2016039350A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 古河電気工業株式会社 Insulated electric wire, coil, electric/electronic device, and method for manufacturing insulated electric wire

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