EP3224307A1 - Dispositif électrique à moyenne ou haute tension - Google Patents
Dispositif électrique à moyenne ou haute tensionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3224307A1 EP3224307A1 EP15808720.5A EP15808720A EP3224307A1 EP 3224307 A1 EP3224307 A1 EP 3224307A1 EP 15808720 A EP15808720 A EP 15808720A EP 3224307 A1 EP3224307 A1 EP 3224307A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- electrically conductive
- function
- layer
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F224/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a heterocyclic ring containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/447—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from acrylic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
- H01B7/0216—Two layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
- H01B9/028—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients with screen grounding means, e.g. drain wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/006—Additives being defined by their surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/016—Additives defined by their aspect ratio
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric device of the electric cable type or accessory for electric cable. It applies typically, but not exclusively, to the fields of low-voltage (in particular less than 6kV), medium-voltage (in particular 6 to 45-60 kV) or high-voltage (especially greater than 60 kV) energy cables. , and up to 800 kV), whether DC or AC.
- High or medium voltage energy cables or accessories typically comprise a semiconductor layer, crosslinked by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, especially peroxide.
- the peroxide route tends to be more and more avoided with respect to peroxide decomposition products, presenting disadvantages during the manufacture of the cable, or even once the cable in operational configuration.
- the peroxides decompose and form crosslinking by-products such as in particular methane, acetophenone, cumyl alcohol, acetone, tert-butanol, alpha-2 methyl styrene and / or water.
- the formation of water from cumyl alcohol is relatively slow and can occur after several months or even years once the cable is in operational configuration. The risk of breakdown of the crosslinked layers is thus significantly increased.
- the electrically conductive fillers typically used are carbon black added in large amounts to render the semiconducting crosslinkable composition.
- This high level of electrically conductive charge makes it difficult on the one hand to use such a crosslinkable composition, particularly in terms of rheology, and on the other hand in terms of requiring a multi-step (or multi-step) preparation of the composition in order to avoid any premature crosslinking of the polymer composition following the temperature rise that can occur when adding the carbon black.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing an electrical device of the electric cable or accessory type for an electric cable, comprising a crosslinked semiconductor layer whose manufacture significantly limits the presence of crosslinking by-products, such as methane and / or water, while being easy to implement and ensuring optimum mechanical properties during the life of the electrical device.
- the present invention relates to an electrical device comprising a crosslinked semiconductor layer obtained from a polymer composition comprising:
- At least one polymer A comprising at least one epoxy function
- crosslinking agent B comprising at least one reactive functional group capable of reacting with the epoxy function of said polymer A to allow the crosslinking of said polymer A
- the polymer composition further comprises an electrically conductive filler having a BET specific surface area of at least 100 m 2 / g according to ASTM D 6556 (2014).
- the electrically conductive filler may have a specific surface area
- ASTM D 6556 (2014) corresponds to ASTM D 6556-14.
- the crosslinked layer makes it possible to avoid the use of organic peroxide, while at the same time guaranteeing a high level of crosslinking, and secondly very good mechanical properties of the type Tensile strength and elongation at break according to NF EN 60811-1-1, during the life of the electrical device.
- the crosslinked layer of the invention has the advantage of being economical, easy to implement, in particular by extrusion, and easy to manufacture, since it does not require the use of binding degassing processes, or to multi-step preparations.
- the electrically conductive filler of the invention is preferably a carbonaceous filler.
- carbon charge any particle, or mixture of particles, mainly consisting of carbon atoms, functionalized or not, grafted or not.
- the conductive carbonaceous filler has electrically conductive properties.
- the conductive carbonaceous filler may be chosen from carbon blacks, carbon fibers, graphites, graphenes, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and a mixture thereof.
- the electrically conductive filler of the invention is preferably a nanoparticle.
- the nanoparticles typically have at least one of their nanoscale dimensions (10 ⁇ 9 meters).
- dimension is understood to mean the number-average size of all the nanoparticles of a given population, this dimension being conventionally determined by methods that are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the size of the nanoparticles according to the invention may for example be determined by microscopy, in particular by transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the number-average size of the nanoparticles may especially be at most 400 nm, preferably at most 300 nm, and more preferably at most 100 nm.
- the number-average size of the nanoparticles is at least 1 nm and at most 100 nm, preferably at least 1 nm and at most 50 nm, and particularly preferably at least 1 and at most 3 nm.
- the electrically conductive filler of the invention has a form factor of at least 10, preferably at least 100, and particularly preferably at least 200.
- the form factor is typically the ratio between the smallest dimension of the conductive filler (such as, for example, the diameter of the conductive filler for carbon nanotubes) and the largest dimension of said conductive filler (such as, for example, the length of the conductive filler for carbon nanotubes).
- Carbon nanotubes will preferably be used as the electrically conductive filler according to the invention.
- the carbon nanotubes have the advantage of having better compatibility with the polymer A, compared with the other types of conductive carbon fillers mentioned in the present invention.
- Nanotubes means nanoparticles of substantially elongated form. Nanotubes typically have a shape called “acicular”.
- Carbon nanotubes can be of several types. They may be chosen from single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multiwall carbon nanotubes and one of their mixtures. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, well known under the Anglicism "multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT)", will preferably be used.
- MWNT multi-walled nanotubes
- the electrically conductive filler of the invention may be added as such in the polymer composition, or in the form of a masterbatch.
- the polymer composition may comprise a sufficient amount of electrically conductive charges to achieve the desired properties in the electrical device.
- the amount of electrically conductive filler in the polymer composition of the invention is in particular sufficient to be able to constitute a percolating network, during the crosslinking of the polymeric composition.
- the amount of electrically conductive filler is sufficient for the polymer composition of the invention to be perform a so-called “dynamic" percolation transition, during the crosslinking of the composition to form the crosslinked layer, in particular by heat treatment.
- dynamic percolation is understood to mean an insulator-conductive transition (ie an increase of several orders of magnitude in the electrical conductivity associated with a mesoscopic scale by the formation and growth of masses of electrically conductive particles which tend to constitute an infinite mass of inter-connected charges) observed at constant charge rate and resulting from a microstructural rearrangement in the melt of the composite by self-assembly of the electrically conductive charges in the crosslinked layer by means of a heat treatment.
- the amount of electrically conductive fillers in the polymer composition of the invention is limited in particular to ensure a low viscosity of the polymer composition and thus optimum rheological properties, when the polymer composition has not yet been crosslinked.
- the amount of electrically conductive fillers in the polymer composition may advantageously be a limited amount not to render the semiconductive polymer composition or in other words to be electrically insulating but sufficient to render the cross-linked layer semi-conductive. once the polymer composition is heat-treated.
- the polymer composition advantageously has an electrical conductivity different from the electrical conductivity of the crosslinked layer
- the electrical conductivity of the polymer composition is lower than the electrical conductivity of the crosslinked layer.
- the electrical conductivity of the polymer composition may be at least 10 times lower than the electrical conductivity of the crosslinked layer, preferably at least 100 times lower than the electrical conductivity of the crosslinked layer, and particularly preferably at least 1000 times less than the the electrical conductivity of the crosslinked layer.
- the term "electrically insulating" to characterize the polymer composition a composition whose electrical conductivity can be not more than 1.10 6 S / m (siemens per meter), preferably at most 1.10 "8 S / m, and preferably strictly less than 1.10 8 S / m, measured at 25 ° C DC current.
- the polymer composition can comprise at most 20.0 parts by weight of electrically conductive charges, and preferably at most 15.0 parts by weight of electrically conductive charges, and particularly preferably at most 10.0% by weight. parts by weight of electrically conductive fillers, per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the polymer composition may further comprise at least 0.1 parts by weight of electrically conductive fillers per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the polymer composition of the invention may comprise at most 20% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention, preferably at most 15% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention. , and preferably at most 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention, relative to the total weight of the polymer composition.
- the polymer composition of the invention may comprise at least 1% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention, preferably at least 2% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention, and particularly preferably preferred at least 5% by weight of electrically conductive filler according to the invention relative to the total weight of the polymer composition.
- the low level of electrically conductive filler used in the invention advantageously makes it possible to avoid carrying out two-step processes for manufacturing the crosslinked semiconductor layer.
- the small amount of electrically conductive filler added to the polymer A and the crosslinking agent B makes it possible to form a mixture of these three compounds (ie polymer A, crosslinking agent B and said electrically conductive filler) in a single step , especially in the same mixer, since the temperature rise likely to occur with the addition of said electrically conductive filler is significantly limited and could not trigger any premature crosslinking of the polymer composition.
- the amount of said filler can be at most 10.0 parts by weight of electrically conductive fillers per 100 parts by weight of polymer in the composition.
- the carbon nanotubes having a high form factor (in particular a form factor of at least 100), make it possible to achieve percolation with relatively lower amounts of conductive carbonaceous charges compared with other carbonaceous charges.
- the epoxy function (i.e. epoxide function) of the polymer A is more particularly an oxirane function (i.e. a group of ethylene oxide).
- the epoxy function may be provided by a compound comprising said epoxy function, this compound may be chosen from glycidyl esters.
- the polymer of the invention may comprise glycidyl ester groups.
- the polymer A of the invention may comprise at most 10% by weight of epoxy function, and preferably at most 5% by weight of epoxy function, relative to the total weight of polymer A.
- the polymer A of the invention may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of epoxy function, and preferably at least 1% by weight of epoxy function.
- the epoxy function of the polymer A may be grafted onto said polymer.
- the polymer comprising at least one epoxy function of the invention is, according to this first variant, an epoxy graft polymer.
- the polymer according to the invention may be a polymer comprising at least one epoxy function grafted on the macromolecular chain (ie main chain or "backbone") of said polymer.
- the ends of the macromolecular chain of the polymer may in turn be grafted or not with the epoxy function.
- the polymer comprising at least one epoxy functional group of the invention may be a copolymer obtained from at least two monomers, one of the two monomers comprising said epoxy function.
- Said monomer comprising said epoxy functional group may be chosen from the following compounds: butene carboxylic acid monoglycidyl ester, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, methylglycidyl acrylate, methylglycidyl methacrylate, itaconic acid glycidester, 7,8-epoxy methacrylate -1 -octyl, methylglycidester of itaconic acid, vinyl ether
- polymer comprising at least one epoxy function
- copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate the copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate.
- the polymer A of the invention is more particularly an organic polymer, in particular making it possible to shape the polymer composition by extrusion.
- the polymer A may comprise at least one polyolefin.
- polyolefin as such generally means a polymer obtained from at least one olefin monomer, and may be an olefin homopolymer or copolymer type olefin polymer.
- said olefin polymer is a noncyclic olefin polymer.
- ethylene polymer homo- or copolymer of ethylene
- propylene polymer homo- or copolymer of propylene
- the first variant of the invention may be used with an epoxy grafted olefin homopolymer or an epoxy grafted olefin copolymer.
- the second variant of the invention may be used with a copolymer obtained from an olefin monomer and a monomer comprising at least one epoxy functional group, as described above.
- the polymer composition of the invention may comprise more than 50.0 parts by weight of polymer (s) comprising at least one epoxy function (ie polymer A) per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) (ie polymer matrix) in the polymer composition; preferably at least 70 parts by weight of polymer (s) A per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said polymer composition; and particularly preferably at least 90 parts by weight of polymer (s) A per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said polymeric composition.
- polymer (s) comprising at least one epoxy function (ie polymer A) per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) (ie polymer matrix) in the polymer composition
- at least 70 parts by weight of polymer (s) A per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said polymer composition and particularly preferably at least 90 parts by weight of polymer (s) A per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said polymeric composition.
- the constituent polymer (s) of the polymer composition are only one or more olefin-based polymer (s) (i.e. homopolymer and / or olefin copolymer).
- the polymer of the invention may further comprise at least one acrylate function.
- This acrylate function advantageously makes it possible to soften and make the polymer of the invention more flexible.
- the acrylate function may be grafted onto the polymer of the invention.
- the polymer of the invention is, according to this first variant, an acrylate graft polymer.
- the polymer according to the invention may be a polymer comprising at least one acrylate function grafted on the macromolecular chain (i.e. main chain or "backbone") of said polymer.
- the ends of the macromolecular chain of the polymer may in turn be grafted or not with the acrylate function.
- the polymer of the invention may be a copolymer obtained from at least two monomers, one of the two monomers comprising said acrylate function.
- the terpolymer of ethylene, of methyl acrylate and of glycidyl methacrylate may be made.
- the polymer composition of the invention may comprise at least 30% by weight of polymer A, preferably more than 50% by weight of polymer A, preferably at least 60% by weight of polymer A, and preferably at least 70% by weight of polymer, based on the total weight of the polymer composition.
- crosslinking agent B The crosslinking agent B of the invention may be a polymeric compound or a non-polymeric compound. Preferably, the crosslinking agent is different from the polymer A.
- crosslinking agent of the invention when the crosslinking agent of the invention is of the "non-polymeric" type, it does not result from the covalent linking of a large number of identical or different monomer units, and preferably it does not result from covalent linking of at least two identical or different monomer units.
- the reactive function of the crosslinking agent is able to react with the epoxy function of said polymer to allow the crosslinking of said polymer. It will react directly on the epoxy function after opening the epoxy during a temperature rise.
- the reactive function of the crosslinking agent may be chosen from an anhydride function, a carboxyl function and an amine function.
- the amine function is a primary or secondary amine.
- the crosslinking agent may comprise at least two reactive functions. These two reactive functions may be identical or different, and chosen indifferently from an anhydride function, a carboxyl function and an amine function.
- the crosslinking agent may preferably comprise an amine function and a carboxyl function.
- the crosslinking agent may preferably comprise two amine functions.
- non-polymeric crosslinking agent By way of example of a non-polymeric crosslinking agent, mention may be made of amino acids, diamines, anhydrides, Lewis acids and Bronsted acids. One of their mixtures can also be realized.
- the preferred non-polymeric crosslinking agent of the invention is chosen from:
- non-polymeric compound comprising at least one amino function and at least one carboxyl function, i.e. an amino acid
- non-polymeric compound comprising at least one anhydride functional group, preferably associated with a crosslinking catalyst, and
- the amino acid typically comprises two functions: a carboxyl function -COOH, and an amine function which is preferably of the primary amine type -NH 2 .
- the carbon chain separating the carboxyl function from the amine function may comprise from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the carboxyl and amine functions can be positioned at the ends of the main carbon chain of said amino acid, the main carbon chain being preferably an unbranched chain.
- the amino acid can also be an alpha-amino acid defined by the fact that the amino function is linked to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl function (alpha carbon).
- the composition may further comprise a crosslinking catalyst, or in other words said nonpolymeric compound comprising an anhydride function is associated in the polymer composition with a crosslinking catalyst.
- the non-polymeric compound comprising an anhydride functional group is more particularly an organic compound.
- the non-polymeric compound comprising an anhydride functional group consists solely of carbon, and hydrogen, and optionally oxygen.
- said non-polymeric compound comprising an anhydride functional group further comprises an aliphatic chain comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, this chain possibly being saturated or unsaturated.
- polymeric crosslinking agent By way of example of polymeric crosslinking agent, mention may be made of olefin and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid copolymers, copolymers olefin and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, copolymers of olefin and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
- the olefin mentioned for these copolymers is preferably ethylene.
- the polymer composition according to the invention may comprise an amount of crosslinking agent B in an amount necessary and sufficient to obtain the crosslinked layer.
- the polymer composition according to the invention may comprise at most 15.0 parts by weight of crosslinking agent B, preferably at most 10.0 parts by weight of crosslinking agent B, and of preferably at most 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking agent B per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the polymer composition according to the invention may comprise at least 0.1 part by weight of crosslinking agent B, and preferably at least 0.5 parts by weight of crosslinking agent B, per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- composition may comprise:
- the reactive group of compound C is in particular capable of physically interacting with the hydroxyl function which is formed during the crosslinking of polymer A with compound B.
- the reactive group of compound C is not able to interact chemically with the hydroxyl function formed from the epoxy function of the polymer A during the crosslinking of the polymer composition. It thus does not modify the chemical structure of said hydroxyl function, in particular it is not capable of forming a chemical bond of the covalent type with said hydroxyl function.
- said reactive group is capable of forming van der Waals bonds and / or hydrogen bonds, with the hydroxyl groups coming from the epoxy functions of the polymer A once opened.
- Compound C makes it possible to significantly limit, if not prevent, the epoxy functional groups that may not have reacted during the crosslinking of the polymer composition, to chemically react by etherification with the hydroxyl groups originating from the epoxy functional groups once opened.
- the compound C will thus sterically hinder the hydroxyl groups coming from the already open epoxy functions, and thus significantly limit, if not prevent, the etherification of the epoxy functional groups that may not have reacted during the crosslinking.
- the compound C may be different from the polymer A and the crosslinking agent B. It is preferably an organic compound.
- Compound C can be a polymeric or nonpolymeric compound.
- non-polymeric compound a compound different from a polymer. In other words, this compound is not especially derived from the covalent linking of a large number of identical or different monomer units, and more particularly does not result from the covalent linking of at least two units. identical or different monomers.
- compound C is an antioxidant.
- the reactive group of the compound C may comprise a hydrogen atom, especially in the form of a hydroxyl group (OH) and / or an amino group (NH), the amine may be of the primary or secondary type.
- the aromatic group of compound C may be a benzene group or a derivative thereof.
- the aromatic group together with the reactive group can form a phenolic group.
- the phenolic group is di-substituted in the ortho position.
- the phenolic group is a di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl group.
- the compound C may be Irganox 1035, or a compound that is not Irganox 1035.
- the aromatic group together with the reactive group form an aminobenzene group whose amine is of the primary or secondary type.
- Compound C of the invention may further comprise a thioether group.
- a thioether group By way of example, mention may be made of Irgastab KV10 or Irganox 1035.
- the polymer composition according to the invention may comprise at most 10.0 parts by weight of compound C, preferably at most 5.0 parts by weight of compound C, preferably at most 2.0 parts by weight of compound C, and particularly preferably at most 1.0 part by weight of compound C, per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the polymer composition according to the invention may comprise at least 0.01 part by weight of compound C, and preferably at least 0.1 part by weight of compound C, per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the polymer composition of the invention may further comprise another or other charges, different (s) of the electrically conductive charge of the invention.
- Said other charge of the invention may be a mineral or organic filler. It can be chosen from a flame retardant filler and an inert filler (or non-combustible filler).
- the flame-retardant filler may be a hydrated filler, chosen in particular from metal hydroxides such as, for example, magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) or aluminum trihydroxide (ATH).
- MDH magnesium dihydroxide
- ATH aluminum trihydroxide
- These flame retardant fillers act primarily physically by decomposing endothermically (e.g. release of water), which has the effect of lowering the temperature of the crosslinked layer and limiting flame propagation along the electrical device.
- endothermically e.g. release of water
- the inert filler may be, for example, chalk, talc, or clay (e.g., kaolin).
- the polymer composition may comprise at least 1.0 part by weight of other filler, preferably at least 10.0 parts by weight filler, and still more preferably at least 20.0 parts by weight filler, per 100 parts by weight. weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the electrical device does not include and preferably comprise no halogenated compounds.
- halogenated compounds can be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
- the composition may typically additionally comprise additives in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer A in the composition.
- the additives are well known to those skilled in the art and may be chosen for example from protection agents (eg anti-UV, anti-copper), processing agents (eg plasticizers, lubricants), pigments, and antioxidants different from the compound C.
- the polymer composition may also include a crosslinking catalyst to assist in crosslinking.
- This crosslinking catalyst may be used more particularly when the non-polymeric crosslinking agent of the invention comprises an anhydride type reactive functional group.
- the crosslinking catalyst can be a Lewis base type catalyst, or in other words a nucleophilic chemical entity, one of whose constituents has a doublet or more of free or non-binding electrons on its valence layer.
- the crosslinking catalyst may be chosen from imides, tertiary amines, imidazoles, and a mixture thereof.
- Phenolic type crosslinking catalysts will be preferred in the context of the invention, this catalyst being in particular a Lewis base such as, for example, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminoethyl) phenol.
- the polymer composition comprises a crosslinking catalyst, especially in the presence of a non-polymeric crosslinking agent comprising an anhydride type reactive functional group
- the polymer composition can comprise from 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight of crosslinking catalyst, and preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of crosslinking catalyst per 100 parts by weight of polymer A.
- the reticulated layer and the electrical device are identical to each other.
- the crosslinked layer can easily be characterized by determining its gel level according to ASTM D2765-01. More particularly, said crosslinked layer may advantageously have a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction), of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80% by weight. %, and particularly preferably at least 90%.
- ASTM D2765-01 xylene extraction
- semiconductor layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at least 1.10 8 S / m (siemens per meter), preferably strictly greater than 1.10 8 S / m, preferably at least 1.10 3 S / m, and preferably may be less than 1.10 3 S / m, measured at 25 ° C in direct current.
- the crosslinked layer of the invention may be an extruded layer or a molded layer, by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the electrical device of the invention relates more particularly to the field of electric cables or accessories for electric cable, operating in direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).
- the electrical device of the invention may be an electric cable or an accessory for an electric cable.
- the device according to the invention is an electrical cable comprising an elongated electrically conductive element surrounded by said semiconducting reticulated layer.
- the crosslinked layer is preferably an extruded layer by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the crosslinked layer may be one or both of the semiconductor layers of an insulating system comprising:
- the elongate electrically conductive member may be surrounded by a first semiconductor layer, an electrically insulating layer surrounding the first semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer, the crosslinked layer being the first and / or the second semiconductor layer (s).
- a first semiconductor layer an electrically insulating layer surrounding the first semiconductor layer
- a second semiconductor layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer
- the crosslinked layer being the first and / or the second semiconductor layer (s).
- the device according to the invention is an accessory for an electric cable, said accessory comprising said crosslinked layer.
- Said accessory is intended to surround, or surround when positioned around the cable, the elongated electrically conductive element of an electric cable. More particularly, said accessory is intended to surround or surround an electric cable, and preferably it is intended to surround or surround at least a portion or end of an electric cable.
- the accessory may be in particular a junction or a termination for an electric cable.
- the accessory may be typically a hollow longitudinal body, such as for example a junction or termination for electric cable, wherein at least a portion of an electric cable is intended to be positioned.
- the accessory comprises at least one semiconductor element and at least one electrically insulating element, these elements being intended to surround at least one part or end of an electric cable.
- the semiconductor element is well known for controlling the geometry of the electric field when the electric cable, associated with said accessory, is energized.
- the crosslinked layer of the invention may be the semiconductor element (s) of the accessory.
- the accessory When the accessory is a junction, the latter allows to connect together two electrical cables, the junction being intended to surround or surrounding at least in part these two electrical cables. More particularly, the end of each electrical cable to be connected is positioned inside said junction.
- the device of the invention is a termination for electric cable, the termination being intended to surround or surrounding at least in part an electric cable. More particularly, the end of the cable electrical connector to be connected is positioned within said term.
- the crosslinked layer is preferably a layer molded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the elongated electrically conductive element of the electrical cable may be a metal wire or a plurality of twisted or non-twisted metal wires, in particular made of copper and / or aluminum, or one of their alloys.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electrical device according to the invention, characterized in that the polymer composition, which is in particular electrically insulating, is heat-treated to obtain the crosslinked semiconductor layer.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electric device of the electric cable type according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- Step i can be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art using an extruder.
- the temperature in the extruder should preferably not exceed the opening temperature of the epoxy function of the polymer A, in order to avoid any crosslinking within the extruder.
- the extrusion processing temperature of the polymer composition is less than 200 ° C., and preferably less than 150 ° C.
- the addition of the electrically conductive filler can be carried out at the same time as the other compounds of the polymer composition, in particular at the same time as the crosslinking agent B, without fearing a significant rise in temperature during the implementation of the polymeric composition.
- the crosslinking B it is not necessary to add the crosslinking B in a step distinct and subsequent to that of adding the electrically conductive filler.
- an extruded layer is thus obtained around said electrically conductive element, which may or may not be directly in physical contact with said electrically conductive element.
- the extruded layer is therefore a so-called “non-crosslinked" layer.
- non-crosslinked is meant a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 5%. %, and particularly preferably 0%.
- the extruded composition in the form of a layer is preferably a composition that is electrically insulating.
- the constituent compounds of the polymer composition of the invention may be mixed, in particular with the polymer A in the molten state, in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
- the temperature within the mixer may be sufficient to obtain a polymer A in the molten state, but is limited to prevent the opening of the epoxy function of the polymer, and therefore the crosslinking of the polymer A.
- the homogeneous mixture is granulated, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. These granules can then feed an extruder to perform step i.
- Step ii may be carried out thermally, for example by means of a continuous vulcanization line ("CV line"), a steam tube, a bath of molten salt, a furnace or a thermal chamber, these techniques being well known to those skilled in the art.
- CV line continuous vulcanization line
- steam tube a steam tube
- bath of molten salt a furnace or a thermal chamber
- the crosslinking temperature of the polymer A of the invention is less than 300 ° C., and preferably less than or equal to 250 ° C.
- the extruded composition in the form of a layer around the electrically conductive element can then be subjected to a temperature sufficient to open the epoxy function of the polymer A, and thus react the crosslinking agent with the open epoxy function. An extruded and crosslinked layer is then obtained.
- Stage ii thus makes it possible to obtain a crosslinked layer, in particular having a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01, of at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly preferably at least 70%.
- the extruded layer is a layer that is semiconductive.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an accessory for an electric cable, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- Step i may be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by molding or extrusion-molding.
- the constituent compounds of the polymer composition of the invention may be mixed as described above for the manufacture of a cable.
- the layer-molded composition is preferably a composition that is electrically insulating.
- Step ii may be carried out thermally, for example using a heating mold, which may be the mold used in step i.
- the composition of step i can then be subjected to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time, in order to obtain the desired crosslinking.
- a molded and crosslinked layer is then obtained.
- Stage ii thus makes it possible to obtain a crosslinked layer, in particular having a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01, of at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly preferably at least 70%.
- the molded layer is a layer that is semiconductor.
- the crosslinking temperature and the crosslinking time of the extruded and / or molded layer used are in particular functions of the thickness of the layer, the number of layers, the presence or absence of a catalyst. crosslinking, the type of crosslinking, etc.
- the temperature profile of the extruder and the extrusion rate are parameters on which the skilled person can also play to ensure the achievement of the desired properties.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to a preferred embodiment according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of an electrical device according to the invention, comprising a junction in longitudinal section, this junction surrounding the end of two electric cables.
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of an electrical device according to a first variant of the invention, comprising a termination in longitudinal section, this termination surrounding the end of a single electrical cable.
- the medium or high voltage power cable 1, illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises an elongate central conducting element 2, in particular made of copper or aluminum.
- the energy cable 1 further comprises several layers arranged successively and coaxially around this conductive element 2, namely: a first semiconductor layer 3 called “internal semiconductor layer”, an electrically insulating layer 4, a second semiconductor layer 5 called an “outer semi-conducting layer”, a metal screen 6 for grounding and / or protection, and an outer protective sheath 7.
- the semiconductor layer 3 and / or the semiconductor layer 5 may be extruded and crosslinked layers obtained from the polymer composition according to the invention.
- the electrically insulating layer 4 is also an extruded and crosslinked layer.
- Figure 2 shows a device 101 comprising a junction 20 partially surrounding two electrical cables 10a and 10b.
- the electric cables 10a and 10b respectively comprise an end 10'a and 10'b, intended to be surrounded by the junction 20.
- the body of the junction 20 comprises a first semiconductor element 21 and a second semiconductor element 22, separated by an electrically insulating element 23, said semiconductor elements 21, 22 and said electrically insulating element 23 surround the ends 10'a and 10'b respectively electric cables 10a and 10b.
- This junction 20 makes it possible to electrically connect the first cable 10a to the second cable 10b, in particular thanks to an electrical connector 24 disposed at the center of the junction 20.
- the first semiconductor element 21 and / or the second semiconductor element 22 may be molded and crosslinked layers obtained from the polymer composition according to the invention.
- the first electrical cable 10a comprises an electrical conductor 2a surrounded by a first semiconductor layer 3a, an electrically insulating layer 4a surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3a, and a second semiconductor layer 5a surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4a.
- the second electrical cable 10b comprises an electrical conductor 2b surrounded by at least a first semiconductor layer 3b, an electrically insulating layer 4b surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3b, and a second semiconductor layer 5b surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4b .
- These electric cables 10a and 10b may be those described in the present invention.
- the second semiconductor layer 5a, 5b is at least partially stripped so that the electrically insulating layer 4a, 4b is at least partially positioned inside. of the junction 20, without being covered with the second semiconductor layer 5a, 5b of the cable.
- the electrically insulating layers 4a, 4b are in direct physical contact with the electrically insulating element 23 and the first semiconductor element 21 of the junction 20.
- the second semiconductor layers 5a, 5b are in direct physical contact with the second semiconductor element 22 of the junction 20.
- Figure 3 shows a device 102 comprising a termination 30 surrounding a single electrical cable 10c.
- the electric cable 10c comprises an end 10'c, intended to be surrounded by the termination 30.
- the body of the termination 30 comprises a semiconductor element 31 and an electrically insulating element 32, said semiconductor element 31 and said electrically insulating element 32 surround the end 10'c of the electric cable 10c.
- the semiconductor element 31 may be a molded and crosslinked layer obtained from the polymer composition according to the invention.
- the electrical cable 10c comprises an electrical conductor 2c surrounded by a first semiconductor layer 3c, an electrically insulating layer 4c surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3c, and a second semiconductor layer 5c surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4c.
- This electric cable 10c may be that described in the present invention.
- the second semiconductor layer 5c is at least partially stripped so that the electrically insulating layer 4c is at least partially positioned inside the terminal 30, without being covered by the second semiconductor layer 5c of the cable.
- the electrically insulating layer 4c is directly in physical contact with the electrically insulating element 32 of the termination 30.
- the second semiconductor layer 5c is in direct physical contact with the semiconductor element. conductor 31 of the junction 30.
- Table 1 below brings together a comparative polymer composition C1, and comparative compositions 11 and 12 according to the present invention, the amounts of the compounds are expressed in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s), the polymer being here only the "Polymer / Epoxy".
- Table 2 below shows the percentage by weight of electrically conductive filler in compositions C1, 11 and 12.
- composition Composition Composition Composition Composition
- Polymer / Epoxy is a copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) sold by Arkema under the reference Lotader AX8840, this copolymer comprising 8% by weight of GMA;
- Amino acid is an 11-undecanoic amino acid, sold by SIGMA-Aldrich under the reference amino acid 11 undecanoic acid;
- Carbon black is carbon black marketed by Cabot under the reference Carbon black VXC500, and has a BET specific surface area of 56 m 2 / g, according to ASTM D 6556 (2014);
- Carbon nanotube 1 is a masterbatch comprising about 30% by weight of multiwall carbon nanotube in a polyethylene matrix, sold by Arkema under the reference Graphistrength CM4-30; these carbon nanotubes have the following characteristics:
- Carbon nanotube 2 is a masterbatch comprising 17% by weight of multiwall carbon nanotube in a copolymer matrix of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), sold by Nanocyl under the reference Plasticyl EVA 2001; these carbon nanotubes have the following characteristics:
- compositions summarized in Table 1 are implemented as follows.
- the carbon black is first mixed with the molten polymer in an internal twin-screw or Buss mixer, and then the crosslinking agent is incorporated.
- the addition of the crosslinking agent in a step that is distinct and subsequent to the addition of the carbon black makes it possible to avoid any premature crosslinking of the polymer composition that may be produced following the temperature rise induced by the addition of the black. of carbon.
- the crosslinking agent is thus added to the charged mixture once the mixture has cooled to a temperature below 130 ° C. The homogeneous mixture thus obtained is then granulated.
- the crosslinking agent is mixed together, and the masterbatch containing the carbon nanotubes with the polymer in the molten state, in an internal mixer of bi-screw or Buss type, the temperature in the mixer not exceeding 130 ° C to prevent the opening of the epoxy function of the polymer, and thus to prevent crosslinking of the polymer.
- the homogeneous mixture thus obtained is then granulated.
- the granules are then introduced into a single-screw extruder and extruded at a maximum temperature of 130 ° C. in order to avoid any crosslinking of the polymer in the extruder.
- the extrusion is done around a 1.5 mm copper conductor wire 2 .
- An electrical cable is obtained comprising an extruded and uncrosslinked layer in direct contact with the conductive wire.
- the extruded layer is crosslinked by supplying heat at a temperature of 200 ° C., passing said electric cable inside a steam tube under a vapor pressure of 15 bar.
- the electrical conductivity measured according to the ISO 3915 standard, in direct current and at 25 ° C., before and after the heat treatment at 200 ° C. (ie crosslinking), determined with the aid of a sourcemeter (current source and voltage measurement) sold under the trade designation 2611 A by Keithley;
- HST Hot Set Test
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1461508A FR3029003B1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Dispositif electrique a moyenne ou haute tension |
PCT/FR2015/053062 WO2016083701A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-12 | Dispositif électrique à moyenne ou haute tension |
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EP15808720.5A Pending EP3224307A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-12 | Dispositif électrique à moyenne ou haute tension |
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US (1) | US10134503B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3224307A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN107001684B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3029003B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016083701A1 (fr) |
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CN107732860B (zh) * | 2017-10-16 | 2024-05-10 | 贵州南度度城市供用电运营有限责任公司 | 一种高压铜芯电缆防水中间接头 |
EP3476885B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-06-17 | Borealis AG | Composition de polymère d'éthylène réticulable comprenant des groupes époxy et un agent de réticulation |
EP4202958A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-28 | Nexans | Câble électrique ou accessoire de câble électrique |
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US4312793A (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1982-01-26 | Charneski Mitchell D | Electrical joint compound |
IT1276762B1 (it) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-11-03 | Pirelli Cavi S P A Ora Pirelli | Composizione polimerica per il rivestimento di cavi elettrici avente una migliorata resistenza al"water treeing"e cavo elettrico |
DE60020592T2 (de) * | 1999-11-08 | 2006-05-04 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington | Feuchtigkeitshärtende schmelzverarbeitbare ethylenpfropfcopolymere |
US7923500B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2011-04-12 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Nanocomposites with controlled electrical properties |
US7652098B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2010-01-26 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd | Resin composition for GHz-band electronic component and GHz-band electronic component |
CN100587009C (zh) * | 2004-02-04 | 2010-02-03 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | GHz带电子元件用树脂组合物及GHz带电子元件 |
EP1916673A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-04-30 | Borealis Technology Oy | Composition semiconductrice à base de polyoléfine |
EP2065900A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-06-03 | Borealis Technology Oy | Composition polymère semi-conductrice |
US20120212904A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2012-08-23 | Robert Fleming | Flexible circuits and substrates comprising voltage switchable dielectric material |
ES2461149T3 (es) * | 2010-10-21 | 2014-05-16 | Borealis Ag | Cable que comprende una capa formada por una composición que contiene grupos epoxi |
EP2444455A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-25 | Borealis AG | Composition de polymère semi-conducteur qui contient des groupes époxy |
US8626543B2 (en) | 2011-10-08 | 2014-01-07 | Sap Ag | Tracing software execution of a business process |
WO2013099862A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 東レ株式会社 | Composition de résine époxy destinée à des matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres, préimprégné et matériau composite renforcé par des fibres |
FR2986099B1 (fr) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-01-03 | Nexans | Cable electrique a moyenne ou haute tension |
FR2986365A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Materiau composite isolant electrique et conducteur thermique |
IN2014DN05918A (fr) * | 2012-02-16 | 2015-06-05 | Borealis Ag | |
FR3006493A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-05 | Nexans | Cable electrique a moyenne ou haute tension |
-
2014
- 2014-11-26 FR FR1461508A patent/FR3029003B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-11-12 CN CN201580065224.3A patent/CN107001684B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-11-12 WO PCT/FR2015/053062 patent/WO2016083701A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-11-12 US US15/528,703 patent/US10134503B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-12 EP EP15808720.5A patent/EP3224307A1/fr active Pending
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US10134503B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
FR3029003A1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 |
CN107001684B (zh) | 2019-07-09 |
FR3029003B1 (fr) | 2018-06-29 |
WO2016083701A1 (fr) | 2016-06-02 |
US20170263348A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
CN107001684A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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