Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C13/00—Assembling; Repairing; Cleaning
  • G02C13/003—Measuring during assembly or fitting of spectacles
  • G02C13/005—Measuring geometric parameters required to locate ophtalmic lenses in spectacles frames
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
  • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to the field of devices and method for determining the position of a remarkable point of an eye of an individual as well as devices and methods for tracking the direction of gaze of an individual.
• personalized optical design In the context of the design of customized ophthalmic visual correction lenses, it is sought to take into account individual geometrical-postural parameters, known as personalized optical design, attached to the wearer and to the frame he has chosen.
• the desired geometrical-postural parameters are related both to the geometry of the wearer's head and to that of the chosen eyeglass frame, as well as to the wearer's posture and his visual behavior.
• the values of the following quantities are determined in particular: height of the wearer's eyes relative to the lower edge of the lens or of the spectacle frame, inter-pupillary distance, position of the centers of rotation of the eyes, eye coefficient head-that is to say, the ratio between the angle of rotation of the head and the angle of rotation of the eyes during the reading of a text, or more generally, during an eccentric visual stimulus compared to a visual reference axis corresponding to a direction of gaze ahead, value of "inset" for a progressive ophthalmic lens, distance between the rear face of the ophthalmic lens and the top of the cornea of the eye.
• the “inset” is defined in ISO13666: 2012 as the horizontal distance between the mounting cross and the center of the near vision design area.
• the “inset” is also called “internal offset”. It depends on the visual behavior of the wearer.
• Progressive ophthalmic lenses allow the wearer to benefit from optical power compensation suitable for different viewing distances without changing glasses. They can also correct other visual defects, such as astigmatism.
• a progressive ophthalmic lens has variable power on the surface of the lens.
• a first vision zone for distant vision having a first average power value
• a second near vision vision zone having a second average power value
• a third zone vision for the intermediate vision whose curvature varies gradually and is called the progression corridor.
• the mounting height of the ophthalmic lens corresponds to the height, relative to the lower edge of the rim of the frame, of the projection of the pupil of the wearer having a predetermined primary viewing direction on an average plane of this circle of the chosen frame. , corresponding to a mean surface or a mean plane of the ophthalmic lens once mounted in said frame.
• This predetermined primary viewing direction corresponds to the direction of gaze of the wearer under far vision conditions.
• the positions of the far and near vision areas of the wearer are very important parameters for the personalized design of progressive ophthalmic lenses. These zones of vision from afar and close to the wearer constitute two wear zones of the ophthalmic lens.
• devices for monitoring the direction of gaze of the wearer belonging to optical measurement devices such as measuring columns or measuring tablets are known.
• tracking direction monitoring devices have the disadvantage of not allowing a follow-up of this direction of gaze in posture conditions and natural visual behavior, that is to say unstressed, the wearer, since he must either stand or sit in front of the measuring column or carry the measuring tablet in his hands.
• the present invention proposes a device for determining the position of a point a remarkable eye of the wearer in conditions of posture and natural visual behavior of the wearer, which can be used in a device for monitoring the direction of gaze of the wearer able to allow this monitoring in posture conditions and visual behavior natural carrier.
• a device for determining the position of a remarkable point of an eye of a wearer equipped with a vision mount comprising
• At least one image capture apparatus at least one image capture apparatus
• positioning means for positioning the image-capturing apparatus with respect to said viewing frame, such that, when said viewing frame is disposed in a useful position on the wearer's head, the capture apparatus image is adapted to capture an image of this eye of the wearer, and
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye of the wearer according to the invention is adapted to allow the determination of this position in natural visual behavior and posture conditions for this wearer, it is that is, no constraints.
• the device for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye can be at least partially mounted on the viewing frame of the individual concerned.
• This frame of vision is preferably the usual pair of glasses of the individual, provided with its ophthalmic correction lenses. It may also be a pair of glasses newly chosen by this individual, with or without corrective ophthalmic lenses or not.
• the frame of vision may also include a rimless eyeglass frame. It can be of the semi-rimless type with nylon thread or pierced type, without a circle. It can also be a mask or augmented reality glasses. It has one or two branches and can be provided with one or two ophthalmic lenses or one or two display devices.
• the determination of the position of the remarkable point of the eye allows the determination of the gaze direction during different spots of the individual.
• the device for determining the position of a point remarkable can be used to measure other sizes such as the height of the eyes of the wearer relative to the lower edge of the lens or the spectacle frame, the inter-pupillary distance, the position of the centers of rotation of the eyes, the distance between the back side of the ophthalmic lens and the apex of the cornea of the eye.
• At least one light source arranged to illuminate at least one eye of the wearer is provided, the image captured by the image-capture apparatus then comprising an image of at least that eye of the wearer illuminated by said light source;
• said positioning means are adapted to position said device with respect to said viewing frame in such a way that, when said viewing frame is disposed in a useful position on the wearer's head, the light source is adapted to illuminate the eye of the carrier ;
• the vision mount comprising at least one branch for its installation on the wearer's head, the positioning means are adapted to cooperate with the carrier's viewing frame, so that each light source and each image capture apparatus is disposed on the side of the viewing frame where said branch extends;
• said sighting frame comprising at least one circle and / or an ophthalmic lens, each light source and each image-capturing apparatus is arranged such that it is arranged opposite the same circle or this same ophthalmic lens of the frame of vision when the positioning means cooperate with said frame of vision;
• said viewing frame comprising at least two circles and / or two ophthalmic lenses, there are at least two light sources and two image capture apparatuses, arranged in such a way that at least one of the two light sources and one of the two image capturing apparatuses is disposed opposite each circle or each ophthalmic lens of the viewing frame when the positioning means cooperate with said frame of vision;
• image-capture apparatuses are provided arranged so that two image-capture apparatuses are arranged opposite each circle or each ophthalmic lens of the viewing frame when the positioning means cooperate. with the vision mount;
• positioning means are positioning means which make the removable device by allowing the mounting of the device on the viewing frame and disassembly of the device;
• said viewing frame comprising at least two circles and / or two ophthalmic lenses
• said positioning means comprise a measuring support provided with a horizontal bar and two lateral arms, as well as two clips belonging to said horizontal bar and adapted to cooperate with an upper part of the circles or ophthalmic lenses of the viewing frame, and two clips each arranged at the end of one of the lateral arms and adapted to cooperate with a lower part of the circles or lenses of the frame of vision;
• each light source and each image capture apparatus is carried by one of the lateral arms of the measurement support;
• said measurement support further comprises a support ring which is mounted on said horizontal bar and supports said at least one light source and said at least one image capture apparatus. ;
• said support ring is mounted on said horizontal bar movable in translation along an axis parallel to the straight line connecting the two clips of the horizontal bar and / or movable in translation along an axis perpendicular to this line;
• said support ring is open or closed
• said measurement support further comprises at least one waveguide conveying the light emitted by said light source;
• each light source is an electroluminescent diode emitting in the infrared wavelengths domain.
• the invention also relates to a device for monitoring the gaze direction of a wearer equipped with a vision mount, comprising a device for determining the position of a remarkable point of an eye of the wearer as described. previously, and means for determining the direction of gaze of the wearer as a function of the position of this remarkable point of the eye.
• the tracking device of the gaze direction according to the invention is adapted to allow the determination of this gaze direction in natural visual behavior and posture conditions for the individual, that is to say, not constrained .
• the device for monitoring the direction of gaze can be at least partially mounted on the viewing frame of this individual.
• This frame of vision is preferably the usual pair of glasses of the individual, provided with its ophthalmic correction lenses. It may also be a pair of glasses newly chosen by this individual, with or without corrective ophthalmic lenses or not.
• the frame of vision may also include a rimless eyeglass frame. It can be of the semi-rimless type with nylon thread or pierced type, without a circle. It can also be a mask or augmented reality glasses. It can also be an ISO 12867: 1998 test bezel. It has one or two branches and can be provided with one or two ophthalmic lenses or one or two display devices.
• Monitoring the gaze directions during different spots of the individual allows for example to accurately determine the wear zones of the ophthalmic lenses intended to equip the pair of glasses of the individual, including near and far vision areas. of the individual.
• the wear zones correspond to the areas of the ophthalmic lens in which the points of intersection of the wearer's direction of gaze and of the ophthalmic lens are located when the wearer is scanning a part of his environment.
• the device for monitoring the direction of the gaze may be used to measure other quantities such as the height of the wearer's eyes relative to the lower edge of the lens or of the spectacle frame, the inter-pupillary distance, the position of the centers of rotation of the eyes, the distance between the back of the ophthalmic lens and the apex of the cornea of the eye.
• the invention also proposes a method for determining the position of a remarkable point of at least one eye of a wearer equipped with a vision frame, by means of a device for determining the position of this remarkable point as described above, comprising at least one image capture apparatus arranged to come opposite this eye of the individual, comprising the steps of:
• the method according to the invention allows the determination of the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer in the usual posture and visual behavior of the individual.
• the device in step a), is positioned for determining the position of a remarkable point of the wearer's eye relative to the wearer's vision frame so that said at least one capture device image is adapted to capture an image of the wearer's eye;
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye of the wearer comprising at least two image capture devices arranged to come opposite the eye of the wearer, at the stage d), determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye by a triangulation calculation from two images captured by the two image capturing devices.
• the invention also relates to a method for determining the gaze direction of at least one eye of a wearer equipped with a vision frame, by means of a device for monitoring the gaze direction as previously described. , comprising at least one image capture apparatus arranged to face this eye of the wearer, comprising the following steps: e) determining the position of a remarkable point of at least one eye of the wearer according to the determination method as described above,
• the method according to the invention allows the determination of the gaze direction of the wearer in the usual posture and visual behavior conditions of the individual.
• the determination of the viewing directions during different spots of the individual makes it possible to accurately deduce the position and extent of the near and far vision zones of the individual on the corresponding ophthalmic lens intended for the wearer and the chosen frame. by this one.
• step e) the calculation of the gaze direction is determined from a model of the predetermined eye
• step e determines the position of a center of rotation of the eye or a center of the curvature of the cornea of the eye, and deduces the direction of gaze as the line connecting this center of rotation of the eye or this center of the curvature of the cornea and the center of the pupil or the point of the contour of the pupil;
• the device for monitoring the gaze direction comprises at least three light sources vis-à-vis the eye of the wearer and,
• the direction of the wearer's gaze is deduced in a predetermined reference frame from the position of the light sources in this predetermined reference frame of the relative position of the remarkable point and the corneal reflections.
• the invention finally relates to a method for determining an area of wear of an ophthalmic lens by a wearer of a vision frame comprising at least one frame and / or one ophthalmic lens, according to which
• a plurality of directions of gaze of this wearer are determined according to the method for determining the direction of gaze as described above,
• the point of intersection with a predetermined surface relative to the frame and / or the ophthalmic lens of the wearer is determined
• said wear zone is determined as a function of said points of intersection.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic front view of a pair of spectacles equipped with a first embodiment of the gaze tracking device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic front view of a pair of spectacles equipped with a second embodiment of the sighting device according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a schematic rear perspective view of a pair of spectacles equipped with a third embodiment of the gaze tracking device according to the invention
• FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of the eye tracking device of FIG. 2,
• FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate various variants of implementation of the watch direction tracking method according to the invention.
• FIGs 1 to 3 there are shown several embodiments of the monitoring device of the viewing direction 100; 200; 300 according to the invention.
• each of these embodiments corresponds to an embodiment of the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the wearer's eye.
• the wearer is any individual equipped with a vision mount.
• This device for monitoring the viewing direction 1 10; 200; 300 is adapted to be fixed on the frame of vision of the wearer.
• This is a pair of glasses 400 of the wearer.
• This pair of spectacles 400 comprises here, as represented in particular in FIGS. 1 to 3, a spectacle frame 410 chosen by the wearer and two ophthalmic lenses 420.
• the eyeglass frame 410 is of the rimmed type, that is to say that the frame 410 comprises circles 41 1, 412 in which the ophthalmic lenses 420 are mounted.
• This nasal bridge 413 has two bearing surfaces on the wings of the nose of the wearer.
• Each circle 41 1, 412 is also connected to a branch 414, 415, usually articulated on the corresponding circle.
• branches are fixed in their open position relative to each other, that is to say in the position adapted to the placement of the pair of glasses in a useful position on the head of the carrier.
• the branches 414, 415 of the frame 410 each rest on one of the wearer's ears and the nasal bridge 413 of the frame 410 rests on the nose of the carrier.
• Each circle 41 1, 412 of the frame 410 is then placed facing one of the eyes of the wearer, so that the corresponding ophthalmic lens is itself disposed opposite one eye of the wearer.
• the wearer looks through these ophthalmic lenses.
• the frame 410 shown in the examples of the figures is here a plastic mount.
• the nasal bridge 413 has two bearing surfaces on the wings of the wearer's nose which are here fixed.
• the frame may be a metal mount.
• the bearing surfaces on the wearer's nose are then carried by two plates each connected to the nasal bridge by an arm. The relative position of these pads is then adjustable.
• the viewing frame may also include a non-rimmed spectacle frame. It can be of the semi-rimless type with nylon thread or pierced type, without a circle.
• the ophthalmic lenses are pierced with piercing holes and each held by one end of the nasal bridge and one end of the branch associated with the ophthalmic lens, which cooperate with the lens piercing holes.
• This type of mount is similar to that described above, except that it does not have circles.
• the nasal bridge and branches are similar.
• the viewing frame may also be a mask or augmented reality glasses or test glasses. It has one or two branches and can be provided with one or two ophthalmic lenses or one or two display devices.
• the tracking device of the look direction 100; 200; 300 comprises, in general, a device for determining the position of a remarkable point of an eye of the wearer and means for determining the direction of gaze of the wearer as a function of the position of this remarkable point of the eye.
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of an eye of the wearer comprises at least one image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320.
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the wearer's eye finally comprises means for determining this position from said at least one image of the wearer's eye captured by the capture device. picture.
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye also comprises at least one light source 1 10; 210; 310.
• the positioning means are then adapted to position the light source 1 10; 210; 310 with respect to said pair of spectacles, such that, when said pair of spectacles 400 is disposed in a useful position on the wearer's head, said at least one light source 1 10; 210; 310 is adapted to illuminate at least one eye of the wearer.
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point in the wearer's eye is distinct from the wearer's viewing frame.
• This is a removable device, in that the means for positioning this device on the viewing frame allow mounting of the device on the viewing frame, so as to fix the device on the frame of vision, and disassembly of this device, so as to separate the device from the viewing frame.
• the image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 is then adapted to capture an image of this eye of the carrier illuminated by said light source 1 10; 210; 310.
• the means for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye are then programmed to determine this position from the said at least one image of the eye of the wearer captured by the image capture apparatus when the eye is illuminated. by the light source 1 10; 210; 310.
• the means for determining the direction of gaze of the wearer are adapted to determine the direction of gaze of the wearer as a function of the position of the remarkable point, therefore from said at least one image of the wearer's eye captured by the apparatus image capture when this eye is illuminated by the light source 1 10; 210; 310.
• the positioning means are adapted to cooperate with the pair of glasses 400 of the carrier to position each light source 1 10; 210; 310 and each image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320.
• these positioning means here comprise a measurement support 150; 250; 350 provided ( Figures 1 to 3) of a main bar 151; 251; 351 adapted to be disposed above the pair of glasses 400 and two lateral arms 152; 252; 352, and mounting means 130; 230; 330 of this measuring support 150; 250; 350 on the pair of glasses.
• the main bar 151; 251; 351 is in the form of a straight and rigid rod. It is intended to extend substantially in an average plane ophthalmic lenses 420 mounted in the frame 410 which corresponds to the average plane of the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410 in the case of the rim type frame shown in the figures.
• this main bar may be in the form of a bent rod of a rod having two hinged portions intended to be arranged in correspondence with each circle of the frame or with each ophthalmic lens of the pair of glasses.
• This main bar 151; 251; 351 has a length slightly greater than the usual overall width of spectacle frames. This overall width generally corresponds to the width measured between the outer faces of the branches 414, 415 of the frame 410.
• Side arms 152; 252; 352 each extend from a free end of the main bar 151; 251; 351, on the same side of this main bar 151; 251; 351.
• the lateral arms 152; 252; 352 are adapted to partially surround the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410 or the ophthalmic lenses 420.
• Each side arm 152; 252; 352 is in the form of a spring blade fixed at one of its ends on the main bar 151; 251; 351.
• the mounting means 130; 230; 330 of the measurement support 150; 250; 350 are arranged for a portion on the main bar 151; 251; 351 and for another part at the free end of each lateral arm 132; 232; 332.
• these mounting means 130; 230; 330 comprise on the one hand two clips 131, 132; 231, 232; 331, 332 upper extending from the main bar 151; 251; 351 and, secondly, two clips 133, 134; 233, 234; 433, 434 lower each extending to the free end of one of the lateral arms 152; 252; 352.
• Each clip 131, 132, 133, 134; 231, 232, 233, 234; 331, 332, 433, 434 here comprises two small cones of flexible plastic constituting a clamp adapted to hook on the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410 or on the ophthalmic lenses if the frame is of the pierced type.
• part of the frame or the lens is inserted between the two small cones which deform to allow this insertion. They then exert sufficient pressure on the frame or the ophthalmic lenses to hold in place the measurement support 150; 250; 350 on the pair of glasses.
• the means of mounting 130; 230; 330 of the measurement support 150; 250; 350 are adapted to mount said measuring support on the pair of spectacles 400 of the wearer, such that each light source 1 10; 210; 310 and each image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 of the measurement support 150; 250; 350 is disposed between the branches 414; 415 of the pair of glasses 400.
• the mounting means 130; 230; 330, the light sources 1 10; 210; 310 and image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 are arranged to extend between the eyes of the wearer and the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410, or the ophthalmic lenses when the frame is of the pierced type, when the measuring support 150; 250; 350 is mounted on the pair of glasses 400 and the pair of glasses 400 placed on the wearer's face.
• the positioning means here would be adapted to cooperate with this frame of vision, so that each light source and each image capture apparatus is disposed on the side of the viewing frame where said branch extends.
• the mounting means of the measurement support are adapted to mount said measurement support on the carrier's viewing frame, so that each light source and / or image capture apparatus of the support measurement is arranged on the side of the circles or ophthalmic lenses opposite to each branch of the viewing frame.
• the light sources and / or the image capturing apparatus are disposed outside the viewing frame, so that the eyebolts and / or the ophthalmic lenses are located between the eyes of the eye.
• the light sources 1 10; 210; 310 are advantageously light sources emitting in the infrared wavelengths. The light emitted is then not visible by the wearer, and does not disturb his posture and his visual behavior. On the other hand, this infra-red light can be detected by the sensor of the corresponding image capture apparatus.
• These image capturing devices are preferably cameras adapted to detect the light emitted in the infra-red wavelengths.
• the measurement support 150; 250; 350 also features a unicorn 155; 255; 355, extending perpendicularly to the main bar 151; 251; 351, in a plane substantially perpendicular to the mean plane of the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410, or ophthalmic lenses in the case of a pierced mount, when the measurement support 150; 250; 350 is fixed on this mount 410, and a projecting element 156; 256; 356 rising perpendicularly to the main bar 151; 251; 351 and unicorn 155; 255; 355, in the middle plane of the circles 41 1, 412 of the frame 410 or in a plane parallel to this mean plane when the measuring support 150; 250; 350 is fixed on this mount 410.
• the measurement support 150, 250, 350 further comprises three or four reference elements R1; R2. These reference elements are not the subject of the invention and only some of their characteristics will be recalled here.
• One or two first reference elements R1; R2 are arranged at one end of the main bar 151 or at each of these ends, and are oriented so as to be visible on a front image of the wearer, when the measuring support 150; 250; 350 is fixed on the frame 410 of the wearer.
• a second reference element R1; R2 is disposed on the projecting member 156; 256 and a third marker element R1; R2 is disposed at the end of the unicorn 155; 255, such that these two reference elements are visible on a front image of the carrier.
• the second and third reference elements R1; R2 are arranged such that in a face image of the measuring medium 150; 250; 350, they are located one below the other.
• the reference elements of the third embodiment of the measuring medium 350 are not visible in FIG. 3.
• Each reference element R1; R2 has one or more predetermined geometric characteristics, for example its dimensions or the dimensions of a geometric pattern carried by it.
• the geometric pattern may for example be in the form of a pattern or alternate contrasting bands.
• At least two light sources and two image capturing apparatus arranged in such a way that at least one of the two light sources and one of the two image capturing apparatuses are arranged opposite each circle or ophthalmic lens of the pair of glasses when the mounting means of the measurement support cooperate with said pair of glasses.
• a light source which is not very directional, adapted to illuminate as much as possible of the eye of the wearer, and an apparatus for image capture with a wide angle, that is to say with a low focal length.
• each eye of the wearer at least one light source, at least to illuminate the eye of the wearer, and at least two image capture apparatus for recording stereoscopic images of this eye of the carrier.
• two light sources are provided in correspondence with each eye of the wearer, which will allow a search for the corneal reflections of these two light sources on the recorded images, as explained later.
• the tracking direction tracking device 100 shown in FIG. 1 there are two light sources 1 10 and two cameras 210 arranged near each circle 41 1, 412 of the frame 410.
• 210 is carried by one of the lateral arms 152 of the measuring support 150.
• Each light source 1 10 is here associated with a camera 210 in a measuring element 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D.
• Each measuring element 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D thus comprises an envelope housing one of the light sources 1 10 and one of the cameras 210.
• Each measuring element 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D also comprises means for attaching the envelope to one of the lateral arms 152 of the measurement support 150.
• attachment means may for example include a housing in which passes the corresponding lateral arm 152 of the measuring support 150 and a screw that grips the lateral arm 152.
• the measuring elements 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D are distributed so that the field of the two cameras 210 placed near each eye of the wearer covers the largest possible part of the eye of the eye.
• carrier preferably at least a portion comprising the pupil of this eye.
• each lateral arm 152 of the measurement support 150 one 130B, 130C of the measuring elements is disposed near the end of this lateral arm 152 comprising the mounting means 133, 134 of the measuring support 150 on the pair of spectacles 400 of the carrier and the other 130A, 130D of the measuring elements is disposed approximately in the middle of the lateral arm 152.
• Such a measurement support has the advantage of easily adapting to all types of spectacle frames: rimmed plastic, metal, drilled, semi-rimmed ... regardless of the size of the frame.
• the placement of the measuring elements is not a problem for the wearer's vision.
• the field of vision of this one is not disturbed.
• This measurement support 150 is preferably made of a material that is not very dense so as not to excessively weigh down the pair of spectacles of the wearer.
• the measurement support 250 here comprises, on one side two cameras 220 and six light sources 210, adapted to come opposite the right eye of the carrier, and on the other side, two cameras 220 and two light sources 210 adapted to come opposite the left eye of the wearer.
• the measurement support 250 here comprises two support rings 253, 254 mounted on said horizontal bar 151 of the measurement support 150.
• a first support ring 253 is adapted to come opposite the right eye of the wearer, and the second support ring 254 is adapted to come opposite the wearer's left eye.
• Each support ring 253, 254 supports all the cameras 220 and light sources 210 adapted to come opposite the corresponding eye.
• Each support ring 253, 254 is attached to a vertical post 255, 256 mounted on a secondary bar 257.
• the secondary bar 257 extends parallel to the main bar 251 of the measurement support 250. It is mounted on another part of the measurement support 250, here on the unicorn 255 of the measurement support 250.
• the uprights 255, 256 are each mounted movable in translation on the secondary bar 257, along the latter and perpendicularly thereto. This can for example be achieved through a slide connection and a rack. The vertical uprights are then movable in translation independently between the eyes of the wearer.
• the vertical uprights 255, 256 are movable in translation along an axis parallel to the straight line connecting two clips 231, 232 of the horizontal bar 251 and / or movable in translation along an axis perpendicular to this line.
• the vertical uprights 255, 256 are here movable in translation parallel to this main bar 251 and perpendicular to it, in a plane substantially perpendicular to the unicorn 255. In doing so, in the position of use of the measuring support, the rings of 253 support, 254 are movable in translation in two orthogonal directions of a plane substantially parallel to the mean plane of the circles of the frame or ophthalmic lenses.
• the secondary bar can be mounted movable in translation parallel to the main bar of the measuring support. This can for example be achieved using a slide in the unicorn and in which the secondary bar slides.
• the support rings are movable in translation in a third direction orthogonal to the first two directions of mobility described above. This then makes it possible to modify the distance between the support rings and the eyes of the wearer.
• the support rings remain fixed, non-movable with respect to the main bar of the measuring support.
• the first support ring 253 is a closed ring, while the second support ring 254 is an open ring.
• the use of the first closed support ring 253 has the advantage of allowing the arrangement of a larger number of cameras and light sources on this ring.
• the use of the second open support ring 254 has the advantage of limiting the extent of the field of view of the carrier obstructed by the measurement support.
• each support ring 253, 254 is furthermore preferably made of a transparent material and has the thinnest radial and axial thickness possible.
• the diameter of the support ring 253, 254 is chosen so as to preserve the field of view of the wearer.
• the inner diameter of the support ring is for example between 2 and 4 centimeters.
• Each support ring 253, 254 may further comprise one or more position markers 240 (not shown in FIG. 2, but visible in FIG. 4) allowing a predetermined adjustment of the position of the image capture apparatuses and the sources luminous with respect to the eyes and in particular to the pupils P of the wearer.
• position markers 240 (not shown in FIG. 2, but visible in FIG. 4) allowing a predetermined adjustment of the position of the image capture apparatuses and the sources luminous with respect to the eyes and in particular to the pupils P of the wearer.
• first support ring 253 six light sources and two cameras are supported by the first support ring 253, while two light sources and two cameras are supported by the second support ring 254.
• These light sources and cameras are fixed on the corresponding support ring by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by screwing, gluing, clipping, interlocking.
• the light sources 210 and the cameras 220 are distributed around each support ring 253, 254 so that the field of the two cameras 220 placed near each eye of the wearer covers most of possible from the eye of the wearer, preferably at least a portion comprising the pupil of this eye, and so as to be able to follow the position of the pupil of the eye in the largest possible number of viewing directions.
• the two cameras are spaced at a center angle of about 120 degrees, symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through a diameter of the support ring and perpendicular to the straight line connecting the mounting clips 231, 232 of the main bar 251 of the measuring support 250.
• the light sources 210 are distributed regularly and two by two diametrically opposite.
• This measurement support 250 has the advantage of guaranteeing precise positioning of the light sources and cameras independent of the shape of the frames chosen by the wearer.
• the light sources 310 and the image capture devices 320 of the measurement support 350 are arranged in such a way that they are arranged with respect to a single circle 412 or a single ophthalmic lens of the pair of glasses 400 when the mounting means 330 of the measuring support 350 cooperate with said pair of glasses.
• the measurement support 350 of the third embodiment here comprises a single support ring 353 supporting six light sources 310 and two cameras 320.
• At least one light source and at least one image-capture apparatus adapted to be disposed opposite one and the same circle of the frame or of the same ophthalmic lens of the pair of spectacles.
• the support ring 353 is quite similar to the first support ring 253 of the second embodiment described above and will not be described in more detail here.
• the support ring 353 is here fixed on the main bar 351 of the measurement support 350, at the level of one of the clips 332 for fixing the main bar 351 to the pair of glasses 400. It is here fixed without mobility on a rigid tongue extending from the main bar 351.
• the monitoring of the gaze direction is here monocular.
• the device for monitoring the direction of the gaze obtained is a miniature device, autonomous and nomadic.
• Image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 of the measuring medium communicate with the means for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer, so with the means for determining the direction of gaze of the wearer, to transmit them recorded images.
• the means for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer, and therefore the means for determining the gaze direction of the wearer, can also communicate with the light sources, for example so as to control their switching on / off.
• the measurement support comprises a communication interface between the light sources and / or the image capture apparatuses and the means for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer and / or the direction look.
• This is any communication interface known to those skilled in the art.
• This communication interface can be wired or wireless.
• the means for determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer and the means for determining the direction of the gaze generally comprise remote computer means programmed to implement respectively one of the embodiments the method of determining the position of the remarkable point of the eye of the wearer and the viewing direction according to the invention described later.
• These determination means are here grouped in a single computer terminal.
• the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye of the wearer, and therefore the device for monitoring the gaze direction may also comprise other elements making it multi-function.
• It may include in particular one or more scene cameras, that is to say, turned away from the wearer so as to capture images of his environment. This is particularly useful for the classification of the wearer's activities, the enrichment of the map of disparities of distances, the evaluation of the brightness map of the wearer's environment.
• the visual behavior of the wearer can thus be related to the different activities of the wearer.
• the eye-head behavior, the postures and the movements of the wearer are thus more precisely determined.
• ancillary sensors including miniature sensors of the accelerometer type, gyroscope, magnetometer, brightness sensors, distance and proximity sensors, geolocation sensors.
• the positioning means are adapted to cooperate with the pair of glasses of the individual to position only each image capture apparatus. They may then have additional means for positioning the light source or sources.
• the light sources of the device for tracking the gaze direction can be deported.
• the light sources can be positioned elsewhere than on the wearer's pair of glasses, at a distance from the latter.
• the light sources are fixed on a wall facing the wearer, thanks to different fastening systems prepared in the wall.
• the carrier is for example positioned at a given location materialized by a marking on the ground.
• the floor marking and the fixing systems of the light sources on the wall are arranged in such a way that each light source illuminates at least one of the eyes of the wearer. They are then part of the positioning means of the device for monitoring the direction of gaze.
• the light source (s) may in this case not be included in the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye and therefore in the device for monitoring the gaze direction.
• the measurement support further comprises at least one waveguide conveying the light emitted by a light source.
• the light sources being deported out of the wearer's field of vision their light is conveyed to the eye of the wearer by such a waveguide.
• the support ring of the second and third embodiments itself forms a waveguide.
• the light source connected to this waveguide may be positioned at a distance from the wearer's head or placed on the measurement support, on the main bar or one of the side arms.
• the waveguide may also be placed on the side of the viewing frame opposite to that where extends or the branches of this frame.
• the waveguide may in particular be placed near the front face of the ophthalmic lenses of the viewing frame.
• the waveguide may also include one or more optical fibers. Such a variant has the advantage of limiting the obstruction of the field of view of the wearer.
• a measuring support may be envisaged comprising at least one support ring similar to that described above, provided with mounting means adapted for direct mounting of this ring on the pair of spectacles, for example by means of a suction pad allowing the attachment of the support ring on an ophthalmic lens of the pair of spectacles.
• the support ring is replaced by a filiform structure having any shape adapted to preserve the field of view of the wearer, made for example of a wire preferably transparent, which may or may not be flexible.
• the measurement support comprises a plane lens having a shape close to that of the circles of the frame, on which are mounted a support ring and / or the image capture apparatus and / or the light sources
• the afocal piano lens can be fixed on the frame by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by a fastening system having clips and / or magnets.
• the device for monitoring the direction of gaze 100; 200; 300 described above is used for the personalized optical design of ophthalmic lenses adapted to both the wearer and the chosen frame.
• the carrier's gaze directions then the points of intersection of these directions of view of the wearer with a plane related to the frame or the ophthalmic lens considered, are determined while the wearer performs various visual tasks while it is equipped with the tracking direction monitoring device described above.
• the operator performs the following steps:
• the tracking device 100; 200; 300 comprises at least one light source 1 10; 210; 310.
• the method for determining the gaze direction then furthermore comprises a step b) of illuminating the eye O1 of the wearer by means of the light source 1 10; 210; 310 of said tracking device 100; 200; 300.
• Steps a), b), c), d) constitute a method of determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye.
• This method of monitoring the gaze direction is based on a measuring protocol that can be made in the store by the optician.
• the position and the field of the image capturing devices are predetermined at the factory for manufacturing the maneuvering direction tracking device 100; 200; 300. Only a step of adjusting the vertical and / or horizontal position and possibly the orientation of the image capturing apparatus is necessary, as explained below. The process is therefore simple and quick to implement.
• the operator positions the device for the tracking the gaze direction by placing the measurement support 150; 250; 350 on the pair of glasses 400 of the wearer.
• This positioning involves that of the device for determining the position of a remarkable point of the eye. It may be an old pair of glasses or a new chosen mount, which preferably includes corrective ophthalmic lenses or presentation. This is done by pinching the frame 410 or the ophthalmic lenses 420 of the pair of glasses 400 between the pins of the clips 131, 132, 133, 134; 231, 232, 233, 234; 331, 332, 433 mounting the device for monitoring the direction of gaze 100; 200; 300.
• This positioning is carried out so as to ensure that the light source or sources 1 10; 210; 310 of the device illuminate the eye of the wearer, the one or more image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 captures an image of at least a portion of the eye, and so that the field of view of the wearer is as little as possible disturbed by the presence of these elements.
• the position of the light sources 110 and image capturing apparatus 120 is closely related to the overall shape of the frame 410 and / or the ophthalmic lenses 420. It is possible, however, to empirically adjusting the relative position of the light sources and the image capturing apparatus with respect to the wearer's eyes, for example by adjusting the inclination of each measuring element 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D on the lateral arm 152 of the carrier of 150 when the attachment means of these measuring elements on the side arm allow.
• the position of this device for monitoring the gaze direction with respect to the eyes of the wearer is adjusted so as to center the light sources 210 and the capture devices. image 220 on pupil P of the eye when the wearer looks straight ahead.
• this adjustment makes it possible to determine the relative position of the light sources and the image-capture apparatus with respect to the eyes of the wearer.
• the operator asks the wearer to look in a specific direction of view.
• the point of intersection between this gaze direction and at least one of the ophthalmic lenses 420 of the pair of glasses 400 is determined. It may be for example a predetermined intersection point.
• the position of the predetermined intersection point may or may not be noted on the ophthalmic lens.
• the position of this predetermined intersection point can also be measured by other equipment.
• the operator adjusts the position of the one or more image capturing apparatus 120; 220 relative to the position of this point of intersection.
• the operator can for example ask the wearer to look away, on the horizon.
• the position of the point of intersection is that of the mounting cross of the ophthalmic lens.
• the operator then aligns the position marks 240 of the measurement support 250 with the pupil P of the wearer's eye while the latter is looking away, thanks to the translational mobilities of the support ring 254 disposed opposite the left eye of the wearer, represented by the arrows F1 and F2 of FIG.
• a similar adjustment can be made to position the support ring 253 disposed opposite the right eye of the wearer in the second embodiment.
• This setting is represented by the arrows F1 and F2 in FIG.
• the support ring 353 has no mobility with respect to the measurement support. It is therefore the whole of this measuring support 350 which can be slightly moved by the operator in order to correctly center the support ring 353 on the eye of the wearer.
• Image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 thus positioned allow to follow the displacement of the pupils P in all directions.
• the operator requests, for example, the wearer to follow a protocol making it possible to favor the far vision and / or the intermediate distance vision and / or the near vision of the wearer.
• the operator asks the wearer to have a walking activity to promote distance vision, and / or a reading activity to promote near vision and / or a computer work activity to promote vision at a distance. intermediate distance.
• Image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 and the light sources 1 10; 210; 310 are activated during these activities, and in step e), the viewing directions are determined by the tracking direction tracking device in correspondence with each activity.
• step b) the light emission is controlled by the light sources 1 10; 210; 310 or it is ensured that the light emitted by the remote or ambient light sources illuminates the eye of the wearer.
• This command can be sent remotely or given manually by pressing a button.
• step c) the capture of at least one image by the at least one image capture apparatus is controlled.
• the different embodiments of the tracking direction monitoring device described above comprise at least two capture devices image adapted to be arranged vis-à-vis each eye.
• step c) an image is then captured by each image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320, simultaneously. A stereoscopic image of the eye is thus obtained.
• the data relating to the captured images is transmitted by a wireless wifi network to the computer terminal.
• step d) the processing of these images by the computer terminal thus makes it possible to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the remarkable point of the eye O1 of the wearer that is identified on the images captured in step c) by each image capture device. These coordinates are for example determined in a repository related to the image capture apparatus.
• the position of this remarkable point of the eye O1 is determined by a triangulation calculation from these two images captured by the two image-capture devices 120; 220; 320.
• the remarkable point of the eye whose position is determined in step d) is preferably a structure element of the eye that can be the center of the pupil P of the eye, a point relative to the iris of the eye, a point in the contour of the iris, a point in the contour of the pupil, a point relative to a blood vessel of the eye, or the external or internal canthus of the eye.
• the gaze direction tracking device further comprises a light source associated with each image capture apparatus.
• the device for monitoring the direction of the gaze then comprises, facing each eye of the wearer, two light sources 1 10 and two image capture apparatus 120 whose positions and orientations are known in the middle plane of the circles. 41 1; 412 of the mount 410 or ophthalmic lenses 420 mounted in the mount 410. Each light source 1 10 is positioned near one of the two image capture apparatus 120 corresponding.
• This configuration corresponds for example to the use of the first embodiment of the gaze direction tracking device 100, shown in FIG. 1, in which the measuring elements 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D each comprise a light source 1 10 and a camera image capture 120.
• step e for one of the wearer's eyes,
• the images of the corneal reflections RL1, RL2 of the two light sources 1 10 are identified on each captured image,
• the three-dimensional position of the center E of the curvature of the cornea of the eye O1 equated with a sphere is determined as a function of the position of the corneal reflections RL1, RL2 of the light sources 1 10,
• the viewing direction DR as being the line connecting the center E of the curvature of the cornea of the eye and the center of the pupil P.
• the center of the curvature of the cornea is the center of the sphere having the mean radius of curvature of the cornea at the point considered. This is in particular here the center of the average curvature.
• the position of the point of intersection between the two lines connecting the entrance pupil of each capture device is determined.
• the direction of gaze is then given by the line connecting the center of the cornea of the eye or the center of rotation of the eye and the center of the pupil of the eye.
• This viewing direction is for example corrected by an offset of a few degrees, typically 2 to 4 degrees, because the visual axis is anatomically offset from the viewing direction.
• the positions and orientations of the image capture apparatus 120; 220; 320 are known in the middle plane of the circles 41 1; 412 of the mount 410 or ophthalmic lenses 420 mounted in the mount 410.
• the corneal reflections of the light sources are not here identified and the light sources 1 10; 210; 310 are used only for the illumination of the eyes of the wearer.
• This second embodiment of the method can be implemented by the three embodiments of the gaze tracking device described above.
• the support ring is used as a waveguide and illuminates the eye of the wearer.
• step e for one of the wearer's eyes,
• the view direction DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4 is deduced therefrom as being the straight line connecting this center of rotation CRO of the eye and the pupil P1, P2, P3, P4 whose position has been determined in step d ).
• a model of the eye in which the position of the center of rotation CRO is determined is used.
• image capture 120; 220; 320 for different directions of gaze of the wearer determine the position of the pupils P1, P2, P3, P4 of the eye 01 in three dimensions for these different directions of the gaze and determine the model of the eye as being a sphere passing through the points having the positions of the pupils P1, P2, P3, P4 of the eye for these different directions of the gaze.
• the position of the center of rotation CRO is then determined to be the center of this sphere.
• the device for monitoring the gaze direction 200; 300 comprises at least three light sources 210; 310 vis-à-vis the eye of the wearer. This is the case of the second and third embodiments.
• the positions of these light sources 210; 310 compared to image capture devices are unknown initially.
• They are preferably as little eccentric as possible with respect to the eye of the wearer without disturbing the vision of the wearer.
• the relative position of the light sources 210 is learned; 310 relative to the mount 410 or with respect to a reference point, for example the reference point of the ophthalmic lens in far vision, that is to say the mounting cross.
• the position of the light sources relative to the frame 410 or relative to a reference point, such as the mounting cross of the ophthalmic lens, for example, is adjusted, or an image of the entire frame 410 and the tracking direction tracking device 200; 300 is captured.
• the apparent position of the center of rotation CRO of the eye and the apparent radius of the eye in the field of the image-capturing apparatus is calculated by a model of the wearer's eye similar to that previously described, that is to say by identifying the eye to a passing sphere by the positions of the pupil's pupils determined from their identified positions on different pairs of images corresponding to different viewing directions.
• the image of the IP pupil of the eye is identified and the three-dimensional position of the center of this pupil is determined by a triangulation calculation.
• the images IRL1, IRL2, IRL3 are identified as corneal reflections of the light sources 210; 310 and the remarkable point of the eye, here the image of the center of the pupil IP, on these images IM ( Figure 7) and is determined by a calculation of triangulation, the three-dimensional position of these corneal reflections and the center of the pupil for each pair of captured images.
• the analysis of the relative position of the pupil with respect to the CRO makes it possible to estimate the position of the center of the cornea.
• a simplified model is used in which the center of rotation of the eye, the center of the cornea and the center of the pupil are aligned.
• Median values, or values measured specifically on the wearer are known for the following quantities: the radius of the eye, the corneal radius and the real position of the pupil, different from the position of its image through the cornea. It is thus possible to deduce the apparent position of the center of the cornea on the image captured by the image capture apparatus.
• the barycentric coordinates of the image of the pupil of the eye relative to the corneal reflections are then transferred to a frame of reference related to the eyeglass frame or lenses to determine the position of the center of the pupil in the latter frame of reference.
• this report of the barycentric coordinates includes a calculation based on a bijection between the coordinates. of the pupil in the frame of the image-capturing apparatus and the point of intersection of the gaze direction with a surface connected to the ophthalmic lens in the frame of this ophthalmic lens.
• the polar coordinates of the center of the pupil and the corneal reflections of the light sources are determined. repository of the cornea.
• the direction of the wearer's gaze is deduced in the reference frame of the frame or ophthalmic lenses from the position of the light sources in this reference frame and from the relative position of the remarkable point and the corneal reflections.
• intersection point I (FIG. 7) of the direction of gaze on the average plane PM of the circle of the frame or of the ophthalmic lens from the relative position of the center of the pupil and corneal reflections previously determined and coordinates of the light sources 210, 310 in the reference frame of the frame or ophthalmic lenses.
• the gaze direction is then the line connecting the pupil P of the eye to the determined intersection point.
• step d the image of the remarkable point on the captured image is identified. Then, taking into account the known relative position of the image-capturing apparatus with respect to the eye of the wearer and a model of that eye in which the position of the center of rotation of the eye is known, the position of the remarkable point in the reference frame of the image-capture apparatus is determined and the direction of the gaze of the wearer is deduced therefrom.
• the operator can also ask the carrier to set a target, whose position is otherwise determined in the repository of the image capture apparatus. The gaze direction is then determined as the line connecting the center of rotation of the eye and the target.
• the remarkable point whose position is determined in step d) is not the center of the pupil, it is conceivable to deduce the position of the center of the pupil from a model of the eye and the position of this remarkable point.
• the various embodiments of the methods described above are then implemented in the same way.
• the remarkable point may correspond to a blood vessel at -15 degrees of sagittal angle and 23 degrees of angle in the tangential plane of the gaze direction.
• the continuous tracking of the position of this remarkable point, and the computation of the spherical coordinates of this remarkable point in a frame of reference related to the center of rotation of the eye make it possible to immediately deduce the gaze direction by supposing that the angular position of this remarkable point in relation to the gaze direction remains constant.
• the device for monitoring the gaze direction is arranged so that the light sources and the image capture apparatus are arranged outside the pair of glasses, that is to say in such a way that the ophthalmic lens is arranged between the image-capturing apparatus and the wearer's eye, the prismatic effects introduced by the presence of this ophthalmic lens when determining the positions of the corneal reflections or the remarkable point of the eye.
• each direction of view DR determines its point of intersection with a predetermined surface relative to the frame and / or to the ophthalmic lens of the wearer, a zone of wear of the ophthalmic lens intended to equip the wearer according to said points of intersection is determined.
• the coordinates of the intersection of the gaze direction with the mean plane of the circle 41 1, 412 corresponding to the frame 410 or with the average surface of the corresponding ophthalmic lens 420 are determined.
• the average surface of the ophthalmic lens is defined as the equidistant surface at all points of the front and rear faces of the lens.
• the predetermined surface taken into account may also be one of the front or rear faces of the ophthalmic lens. This may be the average plane of the ophthalmic lens, defined as the plane having the points statistically closest to the average surface of this ophthalmic lens.
• the point of intersection I (FIG. 7) of the direction of gaze on the plane PM average of the circle of the frame or the ophthalmic lens is already determined from the relative position of the center of the pupil and corneal reflections previously determined and the coordinates of the light sources 210, 310 in the reference frame of the frame or lenses ophthalmic, for example by an optimization calculation.
• the points of the wear zone can then be directly identified at the determined intersection points. They can also be deduced from these points of intersection taking into account a correction reflecting the fact that the light sources are not, in a general case, positioned in a plane parallel to the mean plane of the circle of the frame or the ophthalmic lens considered.
• the computer terminal uses this information to design the new ophthalmic lenses for the wearer.
• each ophthalmic lens determines the position and extent of wear zones of each ophthalmic lens corresponding to near vision, intermediate distance vision or far vision. It is then a matter of mapping the areas of the ophthalmic lens used by the wearer in near vision and that used in far vision. These wear zones are determined as a function of the position of the points of intersection with the predetermined plane of viewing directions determined from the images captured during the visual tasks ensuring near vision, intermediate distance or distance from the wearer.
• a wear zone can be determined to encompass all the determined intersection points corresponding to the visual task concerned.
• This wear zone may have a predefined shape. It can extend so that its contour passes a predetermined threshold distance from each point of intersection.
• the contour of the wear zone surrounds at least 95% of the determined intersection points.
• the wear zones can be limited by the geometry of each frame. They can depend on the qualities of the lens that one wishes to exploit through them.
• a wear zone could be used for far and near vision making 60 degrees of vertical amplitude angle and 60 degrees of angle. of horizontal amplitude.
• the computer terminal may also be programmed to derive other optical design parameters of the ophthalmic lens from the viewing direction information. It can determine the vertical distance between the average gaze direction in a far vision activity and the average gaze direction in a near vision activity, so as to design a progressive addition ophthalmic lens in which the distance between the cross mounting and the center of the near vision area is identical to this determined vertical distance.
• the infrared light source may be small, for example about 0.2 millimeters by 0.2 millimeters in size and positioned to form an image in the central field of view, whether by direct illumination or via a waveguide , it can be non or very weakly visible, and thus allow not to alter the comfort of vision of the wearer, or to introduce parasitic objects into his field of vision.
• the support ring is not held by a horizontal bar but that it is directly positioned on the ophthalmic lens or the frame by a suction holding system or by magnets positioned on either side of the ophthalmic lens or the frame, by weak repositionable adhesive elements.

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