EP3218350A1 - Process for forming amine by direct amination reaction - Google Patents
Process for forming amine by direct amination reactionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3218350A1 EP3218350A1 EP14906052.7A EP14906052A EP3218350A1 EP 3218350 A1 EP3218350 A1 EP 3218350A1 EP 14906052 A EP14906052 A EP 14906052A EP 3218350 A1 EP3218350 A1 EP 3218350A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- reactant
- anyone
- palladium
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005968 1-Decanol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 2-Hexanol Natural products CCCC[C@H](C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 3-Octanol Natural products CCCCC[C@@H](O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002674 PdO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021130 PdO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DIAIBWNEUYXDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DIAIBWNEUYXDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-4-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DPUCLPLBKVSJIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ce] DPUCLPLBKVSJIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydroamination Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001086426 Homo sapiens Olfactory receptor 1J2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102100032722 Olfactory receptor 1J2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006448 cycloalkyl cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005913 hydroamination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ru+3] VDRDGQXTSLSKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
- C07C209/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/03—Monoamines
- C07C211/07—Monoamines containing one, two or three alkyl groups, each having the same number of carbon atoms in excess of three
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a process for forming an amine, such asa primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, via the direct amination of an alcohol of by using a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- Amines are of significant importance to the chemical industry. These synthetic amines are used as solvents, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, fabric softeners, flotation agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic additives, lubricants, polymers, varnishes, and dyes.
- a variety of procedures have been developed for the synthesis of organic amines, such as hydroamination, reduction of nitriles and nitro compounds, or reductive amination (S. S.Imm, L. Neubert, M. Zhang, H. Neumann, M. Beller, ChemCatChem 3 (2011) 1853) .
- the feedstocks for many of these processes are ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, carboxylic acids, alkyl halides or alkenes.
- the reaction between alcohol and ammonia is the most common method for the manufacture of lower alkyl amines.
- Dehydrogenation catalysts based on nickel, cobalt, iron and copper are used and the reaction typically takes place at 0.5-20 MPa at temperatures of 100-250°C. Hydrogen is added to the mixture to maintain the activity of the metal surface of the catalyst.
- aldehydes and ketones are used in preference to alcohols as raw materials for amine synthesis.
- the reductive amination reaction is usually described to proceed in two stages, as shown below:
- Hydrogenation of nitriles is also used to produce some amines. Hydrogen is consumed stoichiometrically in such types of processes.
- Amines are also prepared by the reaction of olefins with hydrocyanic acid followed by reduction or the reaction of alkyl halides with ammonia. These processes usually involve hazardous reagents such as HCN, or generate hazardous byproducts such as HCl. The neutralization of HCl using a base generates 2 eq. NaCl per 1 eq. of diamine generated, making the process environmentally unfriendly.
- Pd catalysts supported on certain oxides also show promising performance for the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols.
- Corma et al. reported that a Pd/MgO catalyst is highly selective for the monoalkylation of aniline with benzyl alcohol (A. Corma, T. Ródenas, M.J. Sabater, Chem. -Eur. J. 16 (2010) 254) .
- Shi et al. showed that an iron oxide-supported Pd catalysts exhibits high yields for reactions of amines and alcohols with various structures (Y. Zhang, X. Qi, X. Cui, F. Shi, Y. Deng, Tetrahedron Lett. 52 (2011) 1334) .
- At least one amine such as aprimary, a secondary or a tertiary amine
- a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising cerium oxide; said catalyst showing much higher activity and selectivity than conventional amination catalysts, including Pd catalysts supported on other materials, such as alumina, silica, activated carbon, and titania.
- this catalyst is stable during the direct amination reaction of the invention and both the activity and selectivity of said catalyst are the same with fresh catalyst or yet used catalyst.
- the present invention concerns then a process to produce at least one amine, notably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, comprising at least reacting of:
- a first reactant being an alkyl alcohol comprising one primary or secondary hydroxyl group ;
- a second reactant being ammonia and/or an ammonia source
- a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- the present invention concerns a process to produce at least one amine, preferably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, comprising at least reacting of:
- a first reactant being a compound of formula (I) R 1 -OH or formula (II) R 2 -C (OH) -R 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 areindependently an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms;
- a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- the invention also concerns an amine, notably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, obtained by the above identified process.
- alkyl groups include saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cyclic alkyl groups (or "cycloalkyl” or “alicyclic” or “carbocyclic” groups) , such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl, branched-chain alkyl groups, such as isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, and isobutyl, and alkyl-substituted alkyl groups, such as alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups.
- straight-chain alkyl groups
- alkyl alcohol refers to an aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxyl group at unspecified position.
- Catalyst of the present invention comprises at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- the support comprises between 50-100 %by weight of cerium oxide, more preferably between 70-100 %by weight of cerium oxide, bases on the total weight of the support. More preferably, the support consist essentially of cerium oxide, notably the support is consisting of cerium oxide.
- cerium oxide may be used as a catalyst or a catalyst support. Several cerium oxides may be used for this purpose.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface comprised between 50 and 300 m 2 /g, notably between 200 and 280 m 2 /g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 350°C for 2 hours.
- Specific surface notably means the specific B.E.T. surface determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established by the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in "The Journal of American Society, 60, 309 (1938) " .
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface of at least 200 m 2 /g, preferably between 200 and 400 m 2 /g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 400°C for 2 hours.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface of at least 15 m 2 /g, notably between 20 and 60 m 2 /g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 800°C for 2 hours.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a porous volume of greater than 0.1 cm 3 /g, preferably greater than 0.15 cm 3 /g, notably between 0.15 and 0.25 cm 3 /g, at a measurement temperature of 800°C for 2 hours.
- the porous volume which corresponds to pores with a diameter of less than 60 nm, is measured with a mercury porosimeter in accordance with the ASTM D4284-83 standard or using the isotherm nitrogen adsorption method (the above-identified B.E.T. method) .
- cerium oxides are notably described in the EP300852 and EP388567 publications.
- cerium oxidesupports may be obtained by calcination of a ceric hydroxide in which the cerium hydroxide is subjected to solvothermal treatment before calcination.
- cerium oxidesupports may notably be obtained according to the following process consisting of:
- Cerium oxide particles may also comprise at least one rare earth element oxide, other than cerium oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, a transition metal element oxide, a post-transition metal element oxide, or a metalloid element oxide, notably in a proportion comprised between 1 and 40 %by weight of oxide, preferably in a proportion comprised between 1 and 20 %by weight of oxide.
- Rare earth element (REE) or rare earth metal is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, meaning the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium.
- the rare earth element oxide are chosen in the group consisting of: lanthanium oxide (La 2 O 3 ) , praseodymium oxide (Pr 6 O 11 ) , neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) .
- Transition metal element oxide may be for instance ZrO 2 andTiO 2 .
- Post-transition metal element oxide may be for instance Al 2 O 3 , CuO and ZnO.
- Metalloid element oxide may be for instance SiO 2 .
- Alkaline earth metal oxide may be for instance BaO.
- Preferred mixed oxides of the present invention are chosen in the group consisting of: CeO 2 -ZrO 2 , CeO 2 -SiO 2 , CeO 2 -Pr 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -La 2 O 3 .
- Palladium compound of the present invention may be palladium metal itself or any compound comprising palladium such as for example salts or oxides of palladium.
- Palladium compounds are preferably chosen in the group consisting of: palladium metal, PdO, PdO 2 , palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and palladium hydroxide.
- Catalysts composed of a cerium oxide support and comprising at least a palladium compound may be obtained by several know methods such as for example impregnation or co-precipitation, notablyincipient wetness impregnation.
- Several palladium compounds or palladium compound precursors may be used such as for example palladium (II) nitrate dehydrate, palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and palladium hydroxide.
- Impregnation of an appropriate catalyst support is notably mentioned in Y.-F. Han et al. Journal of Catalysis 224 (2004) 60.
- the activation or re-activation of the catalysts may involve a calcination step and/or a reduction step under hydrogen.
- the activation of the modified catalysts may involve a calcination step under air or O 2 at 100-500°Cfor 1-24 hours and a reduction step under hydrogen at the same temperature for 1-6 hours. It is also possible to activate the catalyst of the present invention by reduction in a flow of hydrogen at 100-500°C.
- the concentration of palladium compound on cerium oxide may be comprised between 0.1 and 20 %by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10 %by weight.
- the weight ratio of the catalyst of the present invention to the second reactant may be comprised between 0.05 and 2, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5.
- Alkyl chain of the alkyl alcohol may comprise from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- First reactant used in the process of the present invention may be a primary alcohol of formula (I) R 1 -OH or a secondary alcohol of formula (II) R 2 -C (OH) -R 3 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 areindependently an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group of the first reactant may be straight or branched, and may optionally comprise one or several heteroatoms such as O, S, F, and N.
- Preferred first reactants of the present invention are chosen in the group consisting of: 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol.
- Preferred first reactants of the present invention are chosen in the group consisting of:2-butanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol and 4-octanol.
- Concentration of the first reactant may be comprised between 0.001 and 10 mol. L -1 , when a solvent is used in the reaction medium.
- Second reactant of the invention is ammoniaand/or an ammonia source that is a compound able to generate ammonia (NH 3 ) in the conditions of the reaction.
- Ammonia in the reaction may be for instance gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, or an ammonia solution in solvent, such as water.
- Ammonia source may be for instance an ammonium salts, such as ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
- Concentration of the second reactant may be comprised between 0.001 and 10 mol. L -1 , when a solvent is used in the reaction medium.
- the amine obtained according to the process of the present invention may be a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, preferably a primary or a secondary amine.
- the primary or secondary amine of the present invention may notably be a compound of formula (III) , (IV) or (V) :
- Preferred primary or second amines of the invention are chosen in the group consisting of : octylamine, dioctylamine, trioctylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, hexylamine, dihexylamine, trihexylamine, decylamine, didecylamine, tridecylamine, dodecylamine, didodecylamine, and tridodecylamine.
- Process of the present invention is carried out at a temperature and for a time sufficient for an amine, preferably primary, secondary or tertiary amine, to be produced.
- the reaction medium can comprise, notably at the start of the reaction, between 0.1 and 50 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant, notably between 0.1 and 5 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant, notably between 0.1 and 1 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant in order to selectively produce secondary amine products in the reaction.
- the process of the present invention may be carried out without solvent.
- solvents for the reaction, notably solvents able to dissolve the first reactant and the second reactant.
- Preferred solvents to be used in the process of the invention are polar protic solvents, notably alcohols such as tert-amyl alcohol, isopropanol, ethanol, propanol and methanol,
- suitable organic solvents encompasses benzene, toluene, the xylene isomers, mesitylene, dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane, anisole and cyclohexane.
- a combination of two or more solvents in blend may be used during the reaction of the present invention.
- the temperature at which reaction is performed may vary in a large range, but in general it is preferred that the reaction is carried out at a temperature from 100 and 250°C, more preferably between 150 and 200°C. Temperatures may be reached either thermicallyor by microwave irradiation.
- Pressure range of the reaction may be comprised between 1 and 100 bar. Reaction of the present invention may be carried out for a range time comprised between 10 min to 24 hours, preferably between 1 hour and 8 hours.
- the reaction may be carried out in the presence of air, hydrogen, or an inert atmosphere such as N 2 , Ar, and CO 2 .
- An inert or hydrogenatmosphere is preferred.
- This reaction may be conducted in any conventional equipment suitable to effect production of amines. This reaction may be carried out in a continuous or a discontinuous fashion.
- suitable equipment include a stirred tank or loop reactor.
- the reaction may be carried out with one or both reactants in their gas phase.
- Suitable equipments include a fixed-bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. End of reaction may be carried out by stop of the temperature and cooling of the reaction medium, notably air cooling.
- the efficiency of the process of the present invention can be monitored by any conventional analytical means, such as Infrared spectroscopy, NMR, Raman spectroscopy, GC, HPLC and SFC.
- catalysts may be optionally removed by filtration or centrifugation. Said catalysts may notably be recycled to the reactor.
- Amines of interest can be purified by well-known methods of the technical field, such as distillation, crystallization, liquid extraction or extraction with a polymer to adsorb amines. Primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine may be isolated accordingly.
- the supported Pd catalyst is prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of a high-surface-area ceria (Solvay HSA5, SBET 250 m 2 /g) with aqueous solution of palladium (II) nitrate dihydrate.
- aqueous solution of palladium (II) nitrate dihydrate 0.15 g of palladium nitrate ( ⁇ 40 wt %Pd) is dissolved into 1.3 mL of deionized water, and the resulting solution was added into 2.94 g of CeO 2 slowly while keep stirring. After impregnation for 2 hours, the sample was dried at 120°C overnight and then calcined in air at 400°C for 2 hours.
- the secondary amine is considered as the target product.
- the results are summarized in the following table.
- wt % is expressed with the total weight of catalyst.
- Reaction conditions 1.4 mmol 1-octanol, 3 mL tert-amyl alcohol, 8 bar NH 3 gas ( ⁇ 10 mmol) , 70 mg catalyst, 180°C, 4 h.
- Reduced means reduction in a flow of hydrogen at 300-500°C. The exact temperature was determined by temperature-programmed reduction.
- the catalyst of the present invention provided higher conversion and selectivity in the amination reaction in comparison with the other catalysts known in the prior art.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns a process for forming an amine, such asa primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, via the direct amination of an alcohol of by using a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- The following discussion of the prior art is provided to place the invention in an appropriate technical context and enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should not be considered as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
- Amines are of significant importance to the chemical industry. These synthetic amines are used as solvents, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, fabric softeners, flotation agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic additives, lubricants, polymers, varnishes, and dyes. A variety of procedures have been developed for the synthesis of organic amines, such as hydroamination, reduction of nitriles and nitro compounds, or reductive amination (S.S.Imm, L. Neubert, M. Zhang, H. Neumann, M. Beller, ChemCatChem 3 (2011) 1853) . The feedstocks for many of these processes are ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, carboxylic acids, alkyl halides or alkenes.
- With the development of many biomass-based processes and technologies, alcohols become a potential and promising source for the chemical industrial, including the synthesis of amines.
- Direct amination of alcohols is a very attractive pathway to prepare amines because water is the only byproduct for this process. Various techniques have been described in the literature but usually require stringent conditions such as high temperature or high pressure of hydrogen.
- The reaction between alcohol and ammonia is the most common method for the manufacture of lower alkyl amines. Dehydrogenation catalysts based on nickel, cobalt, iron and copper are used and the reaction typically takes place at 0.5-20 MPa at temperatures of 100-250℃. Hydrogen is added to the mixture to maintain the activity of the metal surface of the catalyst.
- Generally, aldehydes and ketones are used in preference to alcohols as raw materials for amine synthesis. The reductive amination reaction is usually described to proceed in two stages, as shown below:
- RHC=O + NH3 → RHC=NH + H2O
- RHC=NH + H2 → R-CH2-NH2
- Hydrogenation of nitriles is also used to produce some amines. Hydrogen is consumed stoichiometrically in such types of processes.
- Amines are also prepared by the reaction of olefins with hydrocyanic acid followed by reduction or the reaction of alkyl halides with ammonia. These processes usually involve hazardous reagents such as HCN, or generate hazardous byproducts such as HCl. The neutralization of HCl using a base generates 2 eq. NaCl per 1 eq. of diamine generated, making the process environmentally unfriendly.
- As a shift from fossil feedstock, it appears that the use of biomass as a feedstock will lead to the production of many different alcohols. Therefore, direct amination of alcohols with ammonia or amines with water as the only byproduct becomes a very important pathway for the synthesis of amines:
- R1-OH + R2R3NH → R1R2R3-N + H2O
- (R1=alkyl /R2, R3 = H or alkyl)
- There have been significant amount of studies in the literature on the direct amination of alcohols, such as G. Guillena, D. J. Ramón, M. Yus, Chem. Ver. 110 (2009) 1611 and T. D. Nixon, M. K. Whittlesey, J.M.J. Williams, Dalton Trans 0 (2009) 753. The most studied systems for the synthesis of amines from alcohols are based on homogeneous organometallic catalysts. Ru and Ir-based complexes are the most widely used and have been shown to have good to excellent yields for the amination of a variety of alcohols. So far, no homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination has been employed on industrial scale as mentioned in S.S. Imm, L. Neubert, M. Zhang, H. Neumann, M.Beller, ChemCatChem 3 (2011) 1853.
- Heterogeneously catalyzed amination of alcohols has also been reported, although less common compared to its homogeneous counterpart. The group of Mizuno investigated heterogeneous ruthenium catalysts for the N-alkylation of primary and secondary amines with primary alcohols. Applying the supported ruthenium hydroxide catalyst Ru (OH) x/Al2O3, anilines were selectively N-monoalkylated to give the following secondary amine products:
-
- Cano and co-workers reported impregnated ruthenium on magnetite to catalyze the N-alkylation of aromatic amines with primary benzylic alcohols to give secondary amines (R. Cano, D.J. Ramón, M. Yus, J.Org. Chem. 76 (2011) 5547) .
- Pd catalysts supported on certain oxides also show promising performance for the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols. Corma et al. reported that a Pd/MgO catalyst is highly selective for the monoalkylation of aniline with benzyl alcohol (A. Corma, T. Ródenas, M.J. Sabater, Chem. -Eur. J. 16 (2010) 254) . Shi et al. showed that an iron oxide-supported Pd catalysts exhibits high yields for reactions of amines and alcohols with various structures (Y. Zhang, X. Qi, X. Cui, F. Shi, Y. Deng, Tetrahedron Lett. 52 (2011) 1334) .
- INVENTION
- It appears now that it is perfectly possible to produce at least one amine, such as aprimary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, bydirect amination of an alcohol by using a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising cerium oxide; said catalyst showing much higher activity and selectivity than conventional amination catalysts, including Pd catalysts supported on other materials, such as alumina, silica, activated carbon, and titania. It also appears that this catalyst is stable during the direct amination reaction of the invention and both the activity and selectivity of said catalyst are the same with fresh catalyst or yet used catalyst.
- The present invention concerns then a process to produce at least one amine, notably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, comprising at least reacting of:
- 1) a first reactant being an alkyl alcohol comprising one primary or secondary hydroxyl group ; and
- 2) a second reactant being ammonia and/or an ammonia source;
- in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- Preferably, the present invention concerns a process to produce at least one amine, preferably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, comprising at least reacting of:
- 1) a first reactant being a compound of formula (I) R1-OH or formula (II) R2-C (OH) -R3, wherein R1, R2, and R3areindependently an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; and
- 2) a second reactant being ammoniaand/or an ammonia source;
- in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- The invention also concerns an amine, notably a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, obtained by the above identified process.
- Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge even more fully upon reading the description which follows.
- DEFINITIONS
- Throughout the description, including the claims, the term "comprising one" should be understood as being synonymous with the term "comprising at least one" , unless otherwise specified, and "between" should be understood as being inclusive of the limits.
- As used herein, "alkyl" groups include saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cyclic alkyl groups (or "cycloalkyl" or "alicyclic" or "carbocyclic" groups) , such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl, branched-chain alkyl groups, such as isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, and isobutyl, and alkyl-substituted alkyl groups, such as alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups. In complex structures, the chains may be branched, bridged, or cross-linked.
- As used herein, “alkyl alcohol” refers to an aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxyl group at unspecified position.
- DETAILS OF THE INVENTION
- Catalyst of the present invention comprises at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide. Preferably the support comprises between 50-100 %by weight of cerium oxide, more preferably between 70-100 %by weight of cerium oxide, bases on the total weight of the support. More preferably, the support consist essentially of cerium oxide, notably the support is consisting of cerium oxide.
- It is well known in the art that cerium oxide may be used as a catalyst or a catalyst support. Several cerium oxides may be used for this purpose.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface comprised between 50 and 300 m2/g, notably between 200 and 280 m2/g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 350℃ for 2 hours. "Specific surface" notably means the specific B.E.T. surface determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established by the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in "The Journal of American Society, 60, 309 (1938) " .
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface of at least 200 m2/g, preferably between 200 and 400 m2/g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 400℃ for 2 hours.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a specific surface of at least 15 m2/g, notably between 20 and 60 m2/g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 800℃ for 2 hours.
- Cerium oxide of the present invention may provide a porous volume of greater than 0.1 cm3/g, preferably greater than 0.15 cm3/g, notably between 0.15 and 0.25 cm3/g, at a measurement temperature of 800℃ for 2 hours. The porous volume, which corresponds to pores with a diameter of less than 60 nm, is measured with a mercury porosimeter in accordance with the ASTM D4284-83 standard or using the isotherm nitrogen adsorption method (the above-identified B.E.T. method) .
- These cerium oxides are notably described in the EP300852 and EP388567 publications.
- These cerium oxidesupports may be obtained by calcination of a ceric hydroxide in which the cerium hydroxide is subjected to solvothermal treatment before calcination.
- These cerium oxidesupports may notably be obtained according to the following process consisting of:
- -preparing a ceric hydroxide by reacting a solution of cerium salt and a base, possibly in the presence of an oxidizing agent, with the amount of the base being such that the pH of the reaction medium is greater than 7; of separating the precipitate obtained, and possibly washing it;
- -placing the ceric hydroxide in suspension in water or in an aqueous solution of a decomposable base;
- -heating it in a closed chamber to a temperature and a pressure respectively lower than the critical temperature and the critical pressure of said medium;
- -cooling the reaction mixture and bringing it to atmospheric pressure;
- -separating the ceric hydroxide treated in this manner; then
- -calcining it.
- Cerium oxide particles may also comprise at least one rare earth element oxide, other than cerium oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, a transition metal element oxide, a post-transition metal element oxide, or a metalloid element oxide, notably in a proportion comprised between 1 and 40 %by weight of oxide, preferably in a proportion comprised between 1 and 20 %by weight of oxide.
- Rare earth element (REE) or rare earth metal is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, meaning the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Preferably, the rare earth element oxide are chosen in the group consisting of: lanthanium oxide (La2O3) , praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) , neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) .
- Transition metal element oxide may be for instance ZrO2 andTiO2. Post-transition metal element oxide may be for instance Al2O3, CuO and ZnO. Metalloid element oxide may be for instance SiO2. Alkaline earth metal oxide may be for instance BaO.
- Preferred mixed oxides of the present invention are chosen in the group consisting of: CeO2-ZrO2, CeO2-SiO2, CeO2-Pr2O3, and CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3.
- Palladium compound of the present invention may be palladium metal itself or any compound comprising palladium such as for example salts or oxides of palladium.
- Palladium compounds are preferably chosen in the group consisting of: palladium metal, PdO, PdO2, palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and palladium hydroxide.
- Catalysts composed of a cerium oxide support and comprising at least a palladium compound may be obtained by several know methods such as for example impregnation or co-precipitation, notablyincipient wetness impregnation. Several palladium compounds or palladium compound precursors may be used such as for example palladium (II) nitrate dehydrate, palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and palladium hydroxide.
- Impregnation of an appropriate catalyst support is notably mentioned in Y.-F. Han et al. Journal of Catalysis 224 (2004) 60.
- The activation or re-activation of the catalysts may involve a calcination step and/or a reduction step under hydrogen. Notably, the activation of the modified catalysts may involve a calcination step under air or O2 at 100-500℃for 1-24 hours and a reduction step under hydrogen at the same temperature for 1-6 hours. It is also possible to activate the catalyst of the present invention by reduction in a flow of hydrogen at 100-500℃.
- The concentration of palladium compound on cerium oxide may be comprised between 0.1 and 20 %by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10 %by weight.
- The weight ratio of the catalyst of the present invention to the second reactant may be comprised between 0.05 and 2, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5.
- First reactant used in the process of the present inventionis then an alkyl alcohol comprising one primary or secondary hydroxyl group. Alkyl chain of the alkyl alcohol may comprise from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- First reactant used in the process of the present invention may be a primary alcohol of formula (I) R1-OH or a secondary alcohol of formula (II) R2-C (OH) -R3, wherein R1, R2, and R3areindependently an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- The alkyl group of the first reactant may be straight or branched, and may optionally comprise one or several heteroatoms such as O, S, F, and N.
- Preferred first reactants of the present invention, such as compounds of formula (I) , are chosen in the group consisting of: 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol. Preferred first reactants of the present invention, such as compounds of formula (II) , are chosen in the group consisting of:2-butanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol and 4-octanol.
- It has to be noticed that it’s perfectly possible to use several first reactant types during the reaction of the present invention.
- Concentration of the first reactant may be comprised between 0.001 and 10 mol. L-1, when a solvent is used in the reaction medium.
- Second reactant of the invention is ammoniaand/or an ammonia source that is a compound able to generate ammonia (NH3) in the conditions of the reaction. Ammonia in the reaction may be for instance gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, or an ammonia solution in solvent, such as water. Ammonia source may be for instance an ammonium salts, such as ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
- Concentration of the second reactant may be comprised between 0.001 and 10 mol. L-1, when a solvent is used in the reaction medium.
- The amine obtained according to the process of the present invention may be a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine, preferably a primary or a secondary amine.
- The primary or secondary amine of the present invention may notably be a compound of formula (III) , (IV) or (V) :
- R1-NH2 (III)
- (R1) 2-NH (IV)
- (R1) 3-N (V)
- Preferred primary or second amines of the invention, such as compounds of formula (III) , (IV) or (V) , are chosen in the group consisting of : octylamine, dioctylamine, trioctylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, hexylamine, dihexylamine, trihexylamine, decylamine, didecylamine, tridecylamine, dodecylamine, didodecylamine, and tridodecylamine.
- Process of the present invention is carried out at a temperature and for a time sufficient for an amine, preferably primary, secondary or tertiary amine, to be produced.
- According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the reaction medium can comprise, notably at the start of the reaction, between 0.1 and 50 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant, notably between 0.1 and 5 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant, notably between 0.1 and 1 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant in order to selectively produce secondary amine products in the reaction.
- The process of the present invention may be carried out without solvent.
- It is also possible to use a solvent or a combination of solvents for the reaction, notably solvents able to dissolve the first reactant and the second reactant. Preferred solvents to be used in the process of the invention are polar protic solvents, notably alcohols such as tert-amyl alcohol, isopropanol, ethanol, propanol and methanol, A nonlimiting selection of suitable organic solvents encompasses benzene, toluene, the xylene isomers, mesitylene, dioxane, THF, dimethoxyethane, anisole and cyclohexane.
- A combination of two or more solvents in blend may be used during the reaction of the present invention.
- The temperature at which reaction is performed may vary in a large range, but in general it is preferred that the reaction is carried out at a temperature from 100 and 250℃, more preferably between 150 and 200℃. Temperatures may be reached either thermicallyor by microwave irradiation.
- Pressure range of the reaction may be comprised between 1 and 100 bar. Reaction of the present invention may be carried out for a range time comprised between 10 min to 24 hours, preferably between 1 hour and 8 hours.
- The reaction may be carried out in the presence of air, hydrogen, or an inert atmosphere such as N2, Ar, and CO2. An inert or hydrogenatmosphere is preferred.
- This reaction may be conducted in any conventional equipment suitable to effect production of amines. This reaction may be carried out in a continuous or a discontinuous fashion. For example, suitable equipment include a stirred tank or loop reactor.
- The reaction may be carried out with one or both reactants in their gas phase. Suitable equipments include a fixed-bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. End of reaction may be carried out by stop of the temperature and cooling of the reaction medium, notably air cooling.
- The efficiency of the process of the present invention can be monitored by any conventional analytical means, such as Infrared spectroscopy, NMR, Raman spectroscopy, GC, HPLC and SFC.
- At the end of the reaction, catalysts may be optionally removed by filtration or centrifugation. Said catalysts may notably be recycled to the reactor.
- Amines of interest can be purified by well-known methods of the technical field, such as distillation, crystallization, liquid extraction or extraction with a polymer to adsorb amines. Primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine may be isolated accordingly.
- The examples provided here further describe and demonstrate embodiments of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitation of the present invention.
- EXPERIMENTAL PART
- The supported Pd catalyst is prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of a high-surface-area ceria (Solvay HSA5, SBET 250 m2/g) with aqueous solution of palladium (II) nitrate dihydrate. In a typical process, 0.15 g of palladium nitrate (~40 wt %Pd) is dissolved into 1.3 mL of deionized water, and the resulting solution was added into 2.94 g of CeO2 slowly while keep stirring. After impregnation for 2 hours, the sample was dried at 120℃ overnight and then calcined in air at 400℃ for 2 hours.
- The following amination reaction between 1-octanol and NH3was used to compare the performance of the Pd/CeO2 catalyst and other amination catalysts. n-C8H17OH + NH3→n-C8H17NH2 + (n-C8H17) 2NH + (n-C8H17) 3N + C7H15CN
- The secondary amine is considered as the target product. The results are summarized in the following table.
- Table 1
- Amination of 1-octanol with NH3 on various Pd-based catalysts
-
- wt %is expressed with the total weight of catalyst.
- Reaction conditions: 1.4 mmol 1-octanol, 3 mL tert-amyl alcohol, 8 bar NH3gas (~10 mmol) , 70 mg catalyst, 180℃, 4 h.
- “Reduced” means reduction in a flow of hydrogen at 300-500℃. The exact temperature was determined by temperature-programmed reduction.
- It appears then that the catalyst of the present invention provided higher conversion and selectivity in the amination reaction in comparison with the other catalysts known in the prior art.
Claims (14)
- A process to produce at least one amine comprising at least reacting of:1)a first reactant being an alkyl alcohol comprising one primary or secondary hydroxyl group; and2)a second reactant being ammonia and/or an ammonia source;in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a palladium compound on a support comprising a cerium oxide.
- Process according to claim 1wherein the support of the catalyst comprises between 50-100%by weight of cerium oxide, based on the total weight of the support.
- Process according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the cerium oxide provides a specific surface comprised between 50 and 300m2/g, measured after calcination at a temperature of 350℃for 2hours.
- Process according to claim anyone of claim 1 or 2 wherein the palladium compound is chosen in the group consisting of: palladium metal, PdO, PdO2, palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium acetylacetonate, and palladium hydroxide.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 4 whereinthe catalyst is obtained by impregnation or co-precipitation.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 5 wherein the weight ratio of the catalyst to the second reactant is comprised between 0.05 and 2.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 6wherein the first reactant comprises an alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 7wherein the first reactant is a compound of formula (I) R1-OH or formula (II) R2-C (OH) -R3, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first reactant is a compound of formula (I) R1-OH or formula (II) R2-C (OH) -R3, wherein R1, R2, and R3areindependently an alkyl groupcomprising from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 9 wherein the first reactant is chosen in the group consisting of: 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 2-butanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol and 4-octanol.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 10 wherein the second reactant is ammonia.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 11 wherein ammonia is gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, or an ammonia solution in a solvent.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 12 wherein the obtained amine is chosen in the group consisting of: octylamine, dioctylamine, trioctylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, hexylamine, dihexylamine, trihexylamine, decylamine, didecylamine, tridecylamine, dodecylamine, didodecylamine, and tridodecylamine.
- Process according to anyone of claims 1 to 13 wherein the reaction medium comprises at the start of the reaction, between 0.1 and 50 molar equivalent of the second reactant for 1 molar equivalent of the first reactant.
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