EP3207326B1 - Wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3207326B1
EP3207326B1 EP15787303.5A EP15787303A EP3207326B1 EP 3207326 B1 EP3207326 B1 EP 3207326B1 EP 15787303 A EP15787303 A EP 15787303A EP 3207326 B1 EP3207326 B1 EP 3207326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exchanger
dimensional
fluid
channels
elements
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Active
Application number
EP15787303.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3207326A1 (de
Inventor
Stéphane Colasson
Mathieu Mariotto
Guillaume MONTZIEUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of exchangers
  • An exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from document WO 2007/078240 .
  • the exchanger described in the document US7686070 thus has the advantage of creating turbulence inside the fluid passage channel.
  • such an exchanger makes it possible to obtain larger heat transfers than in an exchanger in which all the channels are straight, such as that described in the document CN202734640 .
  • the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a heat exchanger whose structure can generate significant heat transfer by creating turbulence, while being a simple and economical.
  • This exchanger can have many applications, such as the cooling of electronic components or power electronics, including embedded components that can be used in the aeronautics or aerospace field.
  • This exchanger can also provide the function of a regenerative exchanger, for example for a Stirling type engine or for a magnetocaloric machine, such as a heat pump.
  • the fluid will be a gas and in the second case, a liquid.
  • this exchanger can also be used in the fields of refrigeration or domestic air conditioning.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to claim 1.
  • the offset between said at least two elements is less than P / 2.
  • this offset is less than P / 4.
  • the exchanger comprises a three-dimensional structure and a flat surface, in contact with the edges of the projecting portions of said structure.
  • the exchanger comprises two three-dimensional structures assembled so that the projecting portions of one structure are nested in the projecting portions of the other structure, to make contact between the edges of a structure and planar parts of the other structure and vice versa.
  • the two three-dimensional structures may be identical and they are then arranged head to tail.
  • the projecting parts have a section advantageously having the shape of a right triangle.
  • the exchanger according to the invention also comprises means for supplying fluid to said at least one three-dimensional structure and means for collecting said fluid after passing through said at least one structure.
  • the arrow F designates the overall direction of the fluid flow inside the exchanger, the fluid being supplied to the inlet face of the exchanger.
  • the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger 1 is carried out by means of channels extending substantially perpendicular to the arrow F, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the direction of the overall circulation of the fluid in the exchanger.
  • the circulation of the fluid in the channels is shown schematically by the arrows f 1 , f 2 and f 1 ', f 2 ', in each half of the exchanger.
  • arrows f 2 and f 2 ' are oriented in the opposite direction to that of the arrows f 1 , f 1 '. These arrows show schematically the direction of the local flow of the fluid, which is substantially perpendicular to the overall flow of the fluid represented by the arrow F.
  • figure 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 is a cross-section along line II-II.
  • This exchanger is formed of two three-dimensional structures 2 and 3 which are arranged between two flat walls (not shown in FIG. figure 2 ).
  • each of these planar walls is in contact with the base 20, 30 of a three-dimensional structure 2, 3.
  • the invention is not limited to this embodiment and the two structures could be of different shape.
  • the structure 2 itself comprises two three-dimensional elements 21 and 22. These two three-dimensional elements 21, 22 are therefore located in the same plane. Indeed, they each have a wall forming the base 20 of the three-dimensional structure 2.
  • the invention is however not limited to this embodiment and a structure could comprise more than two three-dimensional elements.
  • the thickness of the exchanger is here equal to 2E.
  • the invention is not limited to this embodiment and the two three-dimensional elements could be of different shape.
  • the element 21 has protruding portions 211 which extend from the base 20 of the structure 2 and in the direction D.
  • a projecting portion 211 is defined by two plane portions 211a and 211b connected by an edge 211d and forming a non-zero angle ⁇ between them.
  • the angle ⁇ is defined between the plane portions 211b and 211c and the angle ⁇ between the plane portions 211a and 211c.
  • these protruding portions extend in a given direction D and are adjacent to each other so that a planar portion 211d of a projecting portion is extended by a planar portion 211a of the adjacent projecting portion.
  • the three-dimensional element 21 forms a serrated structure, the projecting portions being distributed at a period P corresponding to their width, that is to say the length of the portion 211c.
  • the protruding portions 211 have, in a transverse plane, the shape of a triangle rectangle, the angle ⁇ between the two planar surfaces 211b and 211c being equal to 90 °.
  • the three-dimensional element 22 is offset with respect to the element 21 in the direction D in which the projecting parts extend.
  • each projecting portion 221 of the element 22 extend in the same direction D.
  • the projecting portions 211 and 221 of the elements 21 and 22 do not coincide or overlap. not.
  • each projecting portion 221 of the element 22 is shifted by a distance p with respect to a projecting portion 211 of the element 21. This distance p is called "no serration" and corresponds to the offset of a three-dimensional element with respect to the other.
  • the three-dimensional structure 3 is identical to the structure 2. It will therefore not be described in detail.
  • Another offset could be considered but an identical offset at the level of the structures is preferred.
  • Each of these elements 31 and 32 is formed of projecting portions 311 and 321 adjacent and distributed according to the period P. They also have the shape of a right triangle.
  • the two structures 2 and 3 are arranged one on the other, their projecting parts being opposite.
  • these two structures 2 and 3 are arranged head to tail, so that the contact between the two structures 2 and 3 is formed between the edges of a structure and the planar portions of the other structure and vice versa.
  • the figure 2 shows that the edges 211d and 221d of the projecting parts 211 and 221 of the structure 2 are in contact with the parts planes 311a and 321a projecting portions 311 and 321 of the structure 3. Similarly, the edges 311d and 321d of the protruding portions 311 and 321 of the structure 3 are in contact with the planar portions 211a and 221a of the projections 211 and 221 elements 21 and 22 of the structure 2.
  • the assembly between the structures 2 and 3 can be achieved by welding, brazing or bonding, depending on the constituent material of these structures.
  • the figures 2 and 6 show that this imbrication between the two structures 2 and 3 allows to define triangular shaped channels and having different passage sections.
  • All these channels allow the passage of the transfer fluid and they extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction D in which the projecting portions of the structures extend.
  • the figure 2 shows channels C of triangular shape having a passage section S which extend in the exchanger thickness by two channels c of passage section s, the surface s being less than the surface S.
  • the two channels c are therefore located in the background of a channel C, depending on the thickness of the exchanger.
  • One of these two channels c forms a fluid inlet for the channel C and the other of these two channels c forms a fluid outlet for the channel C.
  • the channels C of passage section S are formed between the elements 31 and 21, while the channels c of passage section s are formed between the elements 22, 32, 21 and 31.
  • each channel C is in relation with four channels c defined in the exchanger, these channels allowing the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger.
  • these channels allowing the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger.
  • two channels c located in the foreground of the figure 2 (these two channels c are not visible on the figure 2 , because this figure is a sectional plane of the figure 1 ).
  • one of these two channels c forms a fluid inlet for the channel C and the other of these two channels c forms a fluid outlet for the channel C.
  • the channel for the passage of the fluid does not have a constant section since it consists of a channel C and two channels c in its extension.
  • the heat exchanger described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 therefore has projecting parts in the form of a right triangle. This makes it possible to define channels C having all the same passage section S and output channels c all having the same passage section s.
  • the protruding parts of the three-dimensional elements of the exchanger may have a different section, as illustrated by the figures 3 and 4 .
  • FIG 3 illustrates another embodiment of the exchanger according to the invention.
  • This exchanger is always composed of two three-dimensional structures 4 and 5, here identical.
  • Each of these structures is composed of two three-dimensional elements 41, 42; 51, 52 which are also identical and offset from one another by a serration step p.
  • the protruding portion 411 is defined by two plane portions 411a and 411b connected by an edge 411d, these two flat portions forming a non-zero angle ⁇ .
  • the two planar portions 411a and 411b are connected by a flat portion 411c which substantially coincides with the base 40 of the element 4.
  • the angle ⁇ between the planar portions 411b and 411c is here less than 90 °.
  • the two structures 4 and 5 are arranged one on the other, their projecting parts being opposite.
  • the assembly between the two structures 4 and 5 can also be achieved by welding, brazing or gluing, depending on the material constituting these structures.
  • the figure 3 shows that this nesting between the structures 4 and 5 makes it possible to define triangular-shaped channels.
  • These channels extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction D in which the projecting portions of the structures extend.
  • the figure 3 shows channels C defined between elements 41 and 51 of structures 4 and 5.
  • Channels C have a passage section S whose contour defines a triangle. Unlike the channels defined in the exchanger illustrated in figure 2 this contour is not an isosceles triangle.
  • channels c having different passage sections s 1 , s 2 .
  • FIG 3 shows passage sections s 1 and s 2 of different shape and surface.
  • each channel C is in relation with four channels c, inside the exchanger.
  • the channel for the passage of the fluid does not have a constant section.
  • the exchanger illustrated at figure 3 thus allows to have an additional degree of freedom on the value of the passage section of the channels c defined between the elements 42 and 52 of each structure.
  • planar portions 411a, 411b and 411c of a protruding portion 411 need not define an isosceles triangle.
  • the angle ⁇ defined between the planar portions 411a and 411c of the projecting portion 411 should be strictly less than the angle ⁇ between the planar portions 411b and 411c.
  • the angle ⁇ between the plane portions 211c and 211b or 411c and 411b is less than or equal to 90 °.
  • the exchanger illustrated in FIG. figure 4 comprises two three-dimensional structures 6 and 7 each composed of two three-dimensional elements 61, 62 and 71, 72.
  • the contact between the structures 6 and 7 is made between the edges of a structure and planar parts of the other structure.
  • This exchanger may be of interest for defining channels whose angles are more marked, that is to say angles between 0 and 90 °. This makes it possible to increase the capillary forces.
  • the projecting parts extend according to a determined period P, this period corresponding to the length of a protruding part.
  • this period P corresponds to the length of the plane portion 211c ( figure 5a ) or flat part 411c ( figure 5b ).
  • the serration step p is not zero.
  • the serration step p is less than or equal to P / 2.
  • the serration step is less than P / 4.
  • the angle ⁇ is equal to 90 ° and the projecting parts have a section forming a right triangle.
  • the passage sections of the channels c will all have an identical surface.
  • the various examples of exchanger according to the invention can be made of a metallic material, such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper.
  • They can also be made of a polymer material or an active material such as a magnetocaloric.
  • Gadolinium-type materials or a material belonging to the family of LaFeSi-type alloys may be mentioned.
  • the three-dimensional elements can be made by different techniques.
  • They can be obtained by direct machining of a material, in particular milling.
  • They can also be obtained by electro-erosion, by molding (using sand, a lost wax or a shell) or by plastic injection molding.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention has many advantages.
  • the flow of fluid within a channel in the exchanger knows many changes of direction. Indeed, the section of the channel is not constant throughout the thickness of the exchanger. This results from the fact that the channels created between two elements of two three-dimensional structures have a section different from the other channels created between the two other elements of the two three-dimensional structures.
  • the fluid can be homogeneously distributed due to the interconnection of the channels between them. This optimizes the heat transfer inside the exchanger.
  • These channels also include baffles, which generates turbulence and promotes heat exchange.
  • the exchanger comprises two three-dimensional structures arranged facing one another so as to create channels for the passage of the transfer fluid.
  • an exchanger according to the invention could comprise only one three-dimensional structure, this three-dimensional structure being disposed between two flat walls.
  • the channels for the passage of the fluid would be created between the projecting portions of the three-dimensional structure and the wall of the exchanger with which protruding projecting edges would be in contact.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the total thickness of the exchanger and thus to make it more compact. This may be essential in some applications.
  • this particular shape of the passage section of the channels allows, by capillarity, to maintain the liquid film in the corners of the passage section and the vapor phase or the gas in the center of the channel.
  • Maintaining the liquid film wall prevents premature drying of the evaporator.
  • the overall flow of the transfer fluid within the exchanger is insensitive to inertial or gravitational effects.
  • the exchanger according to the invention can function effectively independently of its orientation and independently of the movements to which it may be subject, these movements may result from an acceleration or a change of direction.
  • the capillary force remains greater than the acceleration force to which the exchanger is subjected.
  • the shape of the channels defined in the exchanger can be adapted by modifying the geometry of the protruding parts and the value of the serration pitch p.
  • the openings c between the channels C are more or less important.
  • figure 7 illustrates two variants of fluid inlet / outlet means associated with the exchanger.
  • the figure 7 schematically illustrates an exchanger 1 according to the invention which has a substantially planar shape.
  • the reference 10 designates a transfer fluid supply box and the reference 11 a transfer fluid collection box, after passing through the exchanger.
  • the fluid supplied by the box 10 is distributed over the entire inlet face of the exchanger.
  • the fluid passes through the exchanger through the channels to exit into the box 11 by the exit face of the exchanger and be evacuated.
  • these boxes have a cylindrical shape. However, they could also have a parallelepipedal shape.
  • this box extends according to the total width of the exchanger.
  • the figure 7b illustrates an alternative embodiment, wherein the boxes 10 and 11 open on opposite sides of the exchanger.
  • the flow in the exchanger 1 may be more or less homogeneous over its entire surface.
  • an exchanger according to the invention may have an area of a few cm 2 and 1 m 2 . Its thickness can be between 1 mm and 1 m.
  • the three-dimensional structures of the exchanger have a thickness of the order of millimeters or even less than one millimeter.
  • the hydraulic diameter of the channel C is equal to about 0.35 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Wärmetauscher, in dem ein Wärmeübertragungsfluid zirkuliert, wobei dieser Tauscher mindestens eine dreidimensionale Struktur (2 bis 7) umfasst, welche Flächen zum Austausch mit dem Fluid und Kanäle (C, c) von dreieckiger Form für den Durchlauf des Fluids definiert, wobei mindestens einer der Kanäle, welcher sich in einer ersten Richtung erstreckt, einen Abschnitt aufweist, der in dieser Richtung und gemäß der Dicke des Tauschers nicht konstant ist, um Turbulenzen in der Strömung des Fluids zu erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine dreidimensionale Struktur (2 bis 6) mindestens zwei dreidimensionale Elemente (21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42; 51, 52; 61, 62; 71, 72) umfasst, von denen jedes benachbarte vorspringende Teile (211, 221; 311, 321; 411, 421; 511, 521; 611, 621; 711, 721) definiert, die sich gemäß einer zweiten bestimmten Richtung und gemäß einer Periode P erstrecken, wobei jeder vorspringende Teil von zwei ebenen Teilen definiert wird, die einen Winkel γ von ungleich Null bilden und über eine Kante verbunden sind, wobei die mindestens zwei Elemente in ein und derselben Ebene liegen und gemäß der zweiten Richtung zueinander versetzt sind.
  2. Tauscher nach Anspruch 1, wobei die vorspringenden Teile der mindestens zwei dreidimensionalen Elemente gemäß ein und derselben Periode P verteilt sind, wobei der Versatz zwischen den mindestens zwei Elementen kleiner als P/2 ist.
  3. Tauscher nach Anspruch 2, wobei dieser Versatz kleiner als P/4 ist.
  4. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, der eine dreidimensionale Struktur und eine ebene Fläche umfasst, die mit den Kanten der vorspringenden Teile der Struktur in Kontakt steht.
  5. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, der zwei dreidimensionale Strukturen umfasst, die derart zusammengefügt sind, dass die vorspringenden Teile einer Struktur in den vorspringenden Teilen der anderen Struktur verschachtelt sind, um einen Kontakt zwischen den Kanten einer Struktur und den ebenen Teilen der anderen Struktur, und umgekehrt, zu realisieren.
  6. Tauscher nach Anspruch 5, wobei die zwei dreidimensionalen Strukturen identisch sind und gegensinnig angeordnet sind.
  7. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die vorspringenden Teile (211, 221; 311, 321) einen Abschnitt aufweisen, der die Form eines rechtwinkligen Dreiecks aufweist.
  8. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, der Mittel (10) umfasst, um die mindestens eine dreidimensionale Struktur mit Fluid zu speisen, und Mittel (11), um das Fluid nach seinem Durchlauf in der mindestens einen Struktur zu sammeln.
  9. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die mindestens zwei dreidimensionalen Elemente (21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42; 51, 52; 61, 62; 71, 72) jedes eine Wand aufweisen, die eine Basis (20) der mindestens einen dreidimensionalen Struktur bildet.
  10. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die mindestens zwei dreidimensionalen Elemente (21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42; 51, 52; 61, 62; 71, 72) in der Dicke des Tauschers miteinander in Kontakt stehen.
EP15787303.5A 2014-10-15 2015-10-15 Wärmetauscher Active EP3207326B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1459901A FR3027382B1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 Echangeur thermique
PCT/IB2015/057935 WO2016059597A1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2015-10-15 Échangeur thermique

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EP3207326A1 EP3207326A1 (de) 2017-08-23
EP3207326B1 true EP3207326B1 (de) 2018-11-07

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EP15787303.5A Active EP3207326B1 (de) 2014-10-15 2015-10-15 Wärmetauscher

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EP (1) EP3207326B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3027382B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016059597A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2687876A (en) * 1951-10-17 1954-08-31 Separator Ab Plate type heat exchanger
FR2648220B1 (fr) * 1989-06-12 1991-12-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur forme de plaques ondulees et superposees
US5826646A (en) * 1995-10-26 1998-10-27 Heatcraft Inc. Flat-tubed heat exchanger
US7686070B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-03-30 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
SE0600003L (sv) * 2006-01-02 2007-07-03 Sven Melker Nilsson Kanalsystem
CN202734640U (zh) 2012-09-11 2013-02-13 天津大学 一种微通道换热器及其泡沫金属翅片

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
WO2016059597A1 (fr) 2016-04-21
FR3027382B1 (fr) 2019-08-02
EP3207326A1 (de) 2017-08-23
FR3027382A1 (fr) 2016-04-22

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