EP3192625B1 - Wooden elongate element for stair construction and method for manufacturing such an element - Google Patents

Wooden elongate element for stair construction and method for manufacturing such an element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3192625B1
EP3192625B1 EP17151438.3A EP17151438A EP3192625B1 EP 3192625 B1 EP3192625 B1 EP 3192625B1 EP 17151438 A EP17151438 A EP 17151438A EP 3192625 B1 EP3192625 B1 EP 3192625B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
manufacturing
shapes
relief
machining
shaft
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EP17151438.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3192625A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard HIBERT
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Escaliers Hibert
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Escaliers Hibert
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Publication of EP3192625A1 publication Critical patent/EP3192625A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/12—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools for profile cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/003—Mechanical surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/12—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of railings, stairs, stair stringers, ladders, or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/108—Treads of wood or with an upper layer of wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a slender wooden element dedicated to the manufacture of a stair handrail, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a preamble is known from the document GB11289619A .
  • the invention thus proposes another type of texturing for producing protuberances intended to be arranged on the profiles of handrails of stairs.
  • the invention proposes a slender wooden element dedicated to the manufacture of stair handrails and having a textured surface which, different from the prior art, provides when one slides his hand on the stair railing, a safety function, non-slip and better grip.
  • the support surface is totally stimulating, while being sensory pleasant for the user without being too physically noticeable.
  • the gripping surface which is then textured and non-slippery solicits the nerve endings of the internal face of the hand and the fingers so as to increase the feeling of gripping.
  • the invention relates to a process for manufacturing such a textured wooden element which remains very economical, since in particular it is profiled as quickly as conventional linear machining.
  • the slender wooden element having at least one textured surface after machining, comprises shapes in relief resulting from machining by hollowing out the flat surface of the wood taken as reference before machining the element and, is characterized in that the shapes extend asymmetrically over the textured surface and are randomly distributed.
  • random is meant within the meaning of the invention, the fact that the probability of seeing the same shape reproduce (in geometry and dimensions), on the slender element and on the steps resulting from several slender elements, is almost zero. .
  • the shapes are not reproducible.
  • the randomness is present at three levels or in three dimensions: the height of the forms, the width of the forms and the amplitude or frequency of the forms.
  • Each shape is unique.
  • Each slender element is unique.
  • the shapes in relief generate in use an anti-slip function, while providing a massage effect without the user realizing it, at the very least without exaggerated perception.
  • the applicant has surprisingly demonstrated that the asymmetrical and random characteristics of the shapes prevent the user from coming into contact with identical shapes when crossing his line of stride, and therefore, avoid any physical discomfort walking on a textured and non-smooth surface, while even providing a pleasant sensation, and generate over time by the ascent and descent of the stairs the desired massage effect.
  • gripping the handrails by the user benefits from the same tactile sensations as for the steps; hands squeeze and press against a structured surface that provides added security.
  • the slender element of the invention with a textured surface allows optimal self-stimulation of all nerve endings in the arch of the foot and the inner side of the hand and fingers.
  • the user never encounters the same shapes, which favors a diversified stimulation of different points of contact and support.
  • the invention of a random structuring of the wood material appeals to the senses of touch and vision through visual contrasts resulting from the textured surface.
  • the shapes in relief are integrated into the material of the slender element since they are machined in the mass of the wood. They are therefore interdependent and fixed.
  • the forms have a variable height, preferably of at most 5 mm with respect to the deepest cavity, even more preferably of at most 2 mm, to ensure self-stimulation without discomfort for the user.
  • the relief shapes have rounded (domed) or flattened apex ridges, the apexes not being sharp.
  • Each relief shape has peaks, valleys or cavities and sides.
  • the sides extend in planes between the top and the bottom of an adjacent cavity, which have different angles relative to the planar surface of the wood taken as reference before machining the element.
  • the angle between the inclination of the two sections connecting the top is preferably acute.
  • the recesses or cavities are obtained by machining, preferably the bottom of the cavities is concave.
  • the shapes in relief have elongated profiles (the profiles being considered both in top view and in longitudinal section of the elongated element), said profiles being spaced apart and at the general appearance of sinusoidal type undulations asymmetrical, in particular the elongated profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element.
  • Each profile is different from the others by the "frequency", the height, etc., of the undulations.
  • the term “general sinusoidal shape” is understood to mean a line which meanders or undulates without being symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis, and having different undulations in height and in width.
  • each elongated profile is spaced from another profile in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the element (between two vertices or convexities), by a variable and random distance comprised, for example, between 2 ,5 and 12mm.
  • a profile (a relief) has a width, considered at the base of two sections defining a vertex (or even considered according to the upper surface of the vertex or of the convexity), which is very small, in particular less than 2 mm.
  • the shapes in relief have bumpy profiles with alternating hollows with concave surfaces (concavity facing the user), the hollows being made by gouging in the mass of the wood during the machining.
  • the hollows have a variable amplitude, the amplitude being the distance, according to a plane perpendicular to the surface before machining, between the bottom of a hollow and the top of the shape in relief.
  • Raised shapes define top borders with irregular geometry.
  • each crest line defines two sections on each side, the angle between the two sections of which is obtuse and preferably between 130° and 155°.
  • the contour of these ridge lines draws random geometric figures with closed lines, of asymmetrical shapes between them.
  • the shape of the outlines has no defined geometry; the contours are different from each other.
  • Outlines have closed lines that span in planes of different depth/height. The same ridge line with a closed contour runs along a variable altitude.
  • the outline of the closed lines (perimeter) around the hollows is characterized by dimensions of several centimeters, such as between 7 cm and 14 cm.
  • the largest dimension (in top view) of the recesses have values comprised in particular between 10 and 50 mm.
  • each hollow is delimited by a peripheral contour with a closed line of geometry and of dimension different from that of the other hollows.
  • Each recess has a so-called upper surface, considered relative to the reference plane of the flat surface before machining, of between 300 mm 2 and 1500 mm 2 .
  • the face of the striated shapes of the first variant has a slope starting from the top with the plane of the reference surface, the angle of which is between 20 and 50°.
  • the hollows of the gouged shapes of the second variant have a slope, starting from the upper flat surface of the wooden element, the angle of which with the plane of the reference surface is between 10 and 20 °.
  • the invention also relates to a staircase comprising at least one step resulting from the slender element of the invention after transverse cutting of said element with respect to its longitudinal direction.
  • the steps thus have different texturing profiles from one step to another.
  • the invention also relates to a staircase handrail comprising at least one slender element of the invention after cutting and shaping to form the handrail, the handrail having on its upper face and/or its side walls the textured surface of the slender element.
  • At least part of the textured surface of the slender element comprises a finishing coating such as a lacquer or patina, and/or a fluorescent coating.
  • a finishing coating such as a lacquer or patina
  • a fluorescent coating the latter is distributed over an area intended to correspond to part of the nose of a stair step, to make it possible to identify the steps for the visually impaired.
  • the invention relates to the use of at least one slender element of the invention to constitute the steps of a staircase, with a view in particular to preventing the slipperiness of the steps and providing well-being to the user walking preferably barefoot on wood, or to form a stair handrail.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing the slender wooden element of the invention, by asymmetrical and random machining of shapes.
  • Machining is in dynamic 3D.
  • the asymmetrical and random machining is carried out thanks to the translation of the slender element in a direction of travel corresponding to the longitudinal direction of said element, preferably on a planing machine, and to the implementation of at least one cutting tool.
  • machining arranged on at least one rotating shaft and extending in a direction transverse to the running direction, the shaft being on the one hand rotatable in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the element and on the other hand mobile in axial translation, transversely to the direction of movement.
  • the term mobile in rotation in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the element means that the tangential direction of the tool is in the direction opposite to the direction of movement.
  • the scrolling speed of the slender element is variable.
  • the speed and amount of axial movement of a shaft are variable.
  • the running speed of the slender element is between 6 and 15 linear meters per minute (ml/min).
  • ml/min linear meters per minute
  • the method of the invention has the advantage, despite the diversity of shapes to be machined, of maintaining a usual movement of the material, which does not impact the manufacturing time, making it possible to obtain an economic yield from the production.
  • the rotary shaft is also movable in vertical translation, called radial, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal running plane.
  • the speed and amount of radial displacement of a shaft are variable.
  • This mobility of the machining tools with regard to the scrolling of the elongated element also makes it possible to obtain the random and asymmetrical characters of the shapes in relief of the elongated element of the invention.
  • the method implements at least two rotary shafts, each carrying at least one, preferably several, machining tool(s), the shafts being spaced apart and parallel, rotating in the opposite direction of the slender element, being movable in translation transversely to the direction of travel, and at least one of the shafts also being movable vertically, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of travel.
  • the displacement in the vertical direction will subsequently be referred to as vertical displacement.
  • one of the two shafts is offset vertically with respect to the other shaft, that is to say that the shafts in the fixed position are arranged such that one is higher than the other with respect to the scrolling plane of the slender element.
  • each shaft comprises several tools, such as four, regularly distributed along the circumference of the shaft.
  • a tool comprises a knife whose profile comprises an irregular alternation of recesses and convexities with sharp edges to ensure the profiling of the wood.
  • Each tool of the same tree is strictly identical to ensure an optimal work of profiling of all the tools of the same tree.
  • the convexities associated with the recesses generate the hollows or cavities on each side of the relief shapes.
  • Streamlined relief shapes are not protruding in any way. They have a rounded or slightly flat convexity.
  • each tool of the same shaft is strictly identical but two consecutive tools are arranged in a mirror.
  • the device comprises at least two tool-carrying shafts, the tools having blades of different profile from one shaft to the other.
  • the use of two tool shafts with different tool profiles makes it possible to increase the machining variables, to increase the number of textured surfaces.
  • the random aspect of the shapes is further increased with two trees with tools of different profiles.
  • This configuration of multiplicity of shafts and distinct profiles of knives also makes it possible to have, for the first variant with striated shapes, streaks or lines of weak approximation such as less than 5 mm.
  • width corresponds to a dimension extending in a plane parallel to the textured surface of the elongated element and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the elongated element.
  • the term “height” corresponds to a dimension extending in a plane perpendicular to the textured surface of the elongate element.
  • the figure 1 illustrates part of a staircase 1 according to the invention having steps 2A to 2D from slender wooden elements 3 manufactured by the method of the invention, a detail view of which is illustrated in the figure 2a .
  • Each step comes from a machined slender element of length corresponding before machining to that of the step or else from a machined elongate element then cut to the length of the step.
  • a step will be considered both from an elongated element or from part of an elongated element.
  • the slender element described below could also be used to form a stair handrail.
  • the slender element 3 has a textured surface after machining which comprises a multiplicity of shapes in relief 4. These shapes in relief 4 were obtained by having dug the wood by machining. They are obtained by hollowing out a reference surface corresponding to the flat surface of the wood before machining and schematically illustrated by the line S on the figures 3a to 3c .
  • the shapes in relief 4 are all different; they have different profiles over the entire surface of the slender element 3. They extend asymmetrically over the surface of the slender element 3 and are distributed randomly, so that each step 2A to 2D of the figure 1 consists of an elongated element 3 having a different textured surface.
  • the relief shapes depending on the type of machining have different appearances. Two non-limiting examples of shapes whose general appearance is distinct are given below, so-called striated shapes ( figures 2a, 2b ), and so-called gouged shapes ( figures 4a, 4b ).
  • Streaked shapes have a much thinner relief width than gouged shapes, and are much closer together, while gouged shapes have wider, more spread out, and flatter reliefs. Striped shapes do not intersect. On the other hand, the gouged shapes come together at points of intersection at the tops of the hollows.
  • the figures 2a and 2b illustrate the striated shapes 4 which are elongated profiles with the general appearance of undulations of the asymmetrical sinusoidal type, extending in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element 3.
  • Two substantially parallel and consecutive shapes in relief 4 delimit a hollow or slender cavity 5 which also has a slender profile with the general appearance of an asymmetric sinusoidal undulation.
  • the striated forms have the appearance of lines of ridges more or less parallel to each other.
  • the striated shapes 4 are spaced from each other in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the element 3, according to a distance "e" which corresponds to the width of a cavity 5 and varies randomly along the element 3
  • e the distances “e A ”, “e B ” and “e C ” respectively taken according to the section lines AA, BB and CC of the surface of the element 3, are different for two consecutive slender striated shapes 4.
  • the width “e” for ribbed shapes is between 2.5 and 11.5 mm.
  • each hollow 50 has a peripheral contour 9 with a closed line of geometry and of different dimensions from one hollow to another.
  • the gouged forms thus present profiles with an alternation of hollows and reliefs, the reliefs drawing ridge lines with closed contours. Two juxtaposed hollows being separated by a common crest line.
  • the ridge lines (reliefs) are more spread out than the striated forms, both along the length of the element 3 and along the width of the element.
  • the width of a hollow of a gouged shape is comprised by way of example 10 and 50 mm.
  • the cavities or hollows of the shapes in relief 4 have geometries which differ from one shape to another and over the entire surface of the elongated element.
  • the depth of the hollows, dimension considered according to the dimension of the thickness of the wood, and the slopes of the shapes in relief traveling from the tops to the bottom of the hollows are of various dimensions.
  • each shape in relief 4 when it has the general appearance of a sinusoid, has a different profile from the other by the frequency of the undulation.
  • the probability of seeing the same undulation reproduce within the surface of the elongate element is practically nil.
  • the corrugation of the form 4 in the zone AB is different from the corrugation of the same form 4 in the zone BC.
  • the slender cavities 5 have random and asymmetrical profiles.
  • the figures 3a to 3c show the structure of the textured surface of the slender wooden element 3 of the figure 2b according to cross sections at the level of the respective lines AA, BB and CC. Each figure 3a to 3c therefore represents the reliefs of the consecutive ridge lines along the width of the elongated element 3.
  • each figure 3a to 3c is different implying that at each of these cutting lines, the shapes in relief 4 considered as adjacent lines are different in their geometry and their dimensions. This is true for the entire surface of the slender element 3.
  • three striated shapes 4A to 4C taken in isolation on the same line of shapes in relief 4 comprise a crest with a top, respectively 6A to 6C, rounded, and a face 7A to 7C starting from the top to the bottom of one adjacent cavities 5, each of the sides extending in an inclined plane at a respective angle ⁇ A to ⁇ C with respect to the reference surface S representative of the flat surface of the wooden element before machining.
  • the angles ⁇ A to ⁇ C of the sections 7A to 7C are different from each other.
  • the picture 3a shows an angle ⁇ A of the order of 30°
  • the figures 3b and 3c respectively illustrate an angle ⁇ B of the order of 65° and an angle ⁇ C of the order of 45°.
  • the figures 3a to 3c illustrate the fact that the same slender shape in relief 4 has a profile whose width (distance between two cavity bottoms) L 1 to L 3 is variable according to the length of the slender element 3.
  • two adjacent gouged shapes 40 define respective vertices, one of which of the associated slopes 7D and 7E presents an angle " ⁇ '" and respectively " ⁇ '” distinct with the reference surface S.
  • the depth of the cavities 50 is different, and the width separating two vertices 40 is also different.
  • the height of the cavities 5 or 50 dimension considered between the lowest bottom of the cavities schematized by the line S' on the figures 3a to 3c and the figure 4c , and the reference surface S which is also the plane containing the highest vertices, is at most 5 mm.
  • the invention further relates to the manufacturing process by machining of the slender wooden element of the invention.
  • the figures 5 and 6 illustrate a planer 10, comprising a longitudinal support surface 11 and run along the arrow F for the elongated element 3, and side guides 11A, as well as according to the invention, one or preferably two rotary shafts 12A and 12B s extending in a direction transverse to the direction of the surface 11, also movable in translation as will be seen later, and machining tools, preferably four machining tools, 13A to 13D ( figure 7 ) being arranged on each of these shafts 12A and 12B.
  • the running surface 11 has a usual length of 8 m. It serves as a support for the wooden element 3 intended to be machined which runs continuously upstream of the shaft 12A to downstream of the shaft 12B, at the usual speed of a conventional planer, for example of the order of 6 to 15 ml/min.
  • Shafts 12A and 12B are spaced apart and parallel. They are spaced apart for example by a distance of 800 mm.
  • the shafts 12A and 12B are mobile in rotation, in the direction of the arrow illustrated "r" on the figure 6 , direction which is opposite to the direction of travel F.
  • the speed of rotation of the shafts 12A and 12B is for example 8500 rpm.
  • the shafts 12A and 12B are also movable in translation along the arrows F', transversely to the direction of travel of the wooden element 3 and parallel to the axis of rotation of the shafts. This displacement is referred to below as “axial” displacement.
  • the amplitude of the axial displacement is a few centimeters, for example between 10 and 40 mm, for example 20 mm.
  • the amplitude imposed on one of the shafts may be different from that of the second shaft.
  • the axial displacement speed of the shafts can also, and is preferably, different.
  • the speed ratio is for example 2.
  • the speed of axial displacement of the shaft 12A is for example 7.5 mm/second, while that of the second shaft 12B is 12.5 mm/second.
  • the shafts are capable of being movable in translation along the deflection G ( figure 6 ) in a direction perpendicular to the direction of their axis of rotation (during scrolling), that is to say according to a vertical displacement with respect to the horizontal scrolling plane.
  • the vertical movement speed is in particular between 10 mm/second and 30 mm/second.
  • the amplitude of vertical displacement is a few hundredths of a millimeter, for example: 0.65 mm.
  • the two shafts are preferably offset vertically with respect to each other, that is to say that at rest, the shafts have their axis of rotation arranged in planes offset vertically with respect to the plane of scroll.
  • This height preferably does not exceed one millimeter, and is for example 0.1 mm.
  • the figure 7 shows that the machining tools 13A to 13D are regularly distributed along the circumference of the shaft 12A.
  • Each tool 13A to 13D comprises a knife 14A to 14D, one of the profiles of which is schematically illustrated on the figure 8 comprises an irregular alternation of recesses 15A and convexities 15B with sharp edges which are intended to machine the shapes in relief 4 of the elongate element 3.
  • Each knife profile is preferably different on each of the two machining shafts. On the other hand, the profile of the four knives is the same per machining shaft.
  • the wooden element 3 machined at the output of the grinder 10 of the invention has a textured surface comprising the shapes in relief 4 integrated into the wooden material of the slender element 3 and in a random and asymmetrical manner.
  • the wooden element 3 is placed on the table 11 of the planer 10. It is translated according to the direction of travel F corresponding to the longitudinal direction of said element 3.
  • the speed of travel also called feed speed, is for example of 6 ml/min to obtain the striated forms of the figure 2b while it is 12 ml/min for the gouged forms of the figure 4a .
  • the speed of rotation of the shafts 12A and 12B is 8,500 rpm
  • the amplitude of axial displacement of the shafts 12A and 12B is 37 mm
  • the speed of displacement axial of the shaft 12A is 125 mm/second while that of the shaft 12B is 125 mm/second.
  • Shafts 12A and 12B are also movable in vertical translation, with an amplitude of 1.5 mm.
  • the planer 10 uses only one shaft.
  • the feed rate is 10 ml/min.
  • the shaft rotation speed is 8500 rpm.
  • the amplitude of axial displacement is of the order of 30 mm, and the speed of axial displacement of 30 mm/second.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément longiligne en bois dédié à la fabrication d'une main courante d'escalier, selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Un tel préambule est connu du document GB11289619 A .The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a slender wooden element dedicated to the manufacture of a stair handrail, according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a preamble is known from the document GB11289619A .

L'invention propose ainsi un autre type de texturation pour réaliser des protubérances destinées à être disposées sur des profils de main courantes d'escaliersThe invention thus proposes another type of texturing for producing protuberances intended to be arranged on the profiles of handrails of stairs.

Par conséquent, dans le but d'accroitre la sécurité et le bien être des utilisateurs d'escaliers, l'invention propose un élément longiligne en bois dédié à la fabrication de main courantes d'escaliers et présentant une surface texturée qui, différente de l'art antérieur, procure lorsque l'on fait glisser sa main sur la rampe d'escalier, une fonction de sécurité, antidérapante et de meilleure préhension. La surface d'appui est totalement stimulante, tout en étant agréable sensoriellement pour l'utilisateur sans être physiquement trop perceptible. Au regard de la main courante d'un escalier, la surface de préhension qui est alors texturée et non glissante sollicite les terminaisons nerveuses de la face interne de la main et des doigts de sorte à accroître la sensation de préhension.Consequently, with the aim of increasing the safety and well-being of stair users, the invention proposes a slender wooden element dedicated to the manufacture of stair handrails and having a textured surface which, different from the prior art, provides when one slides his hand on the stair railing, a safety function, non-slip and better grip. The support surface is totally stimulating, while being sensory pleasant for the user without being too physically noticeable. With regard to the handrail of a staircase, the gripping surface which is then textured and non-slippery solicits the nerve endings of the internal face of the hand and the fingers so as to increase the feeling of gripping.

L'invention vise un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément en bois texturé qui reste très économique, car notamment profilé de façon aussi rapide qu'un usinage linéaire classique.The invention relates to a process for manufacturing such a textured wooden element which remains very economical, since in particular it is profiled as quickly as conventional linear machining.

Selon l'invention, l'élément longiligne en bois, présentant au moins une surface texturée après usinage, comporte des formes en relief issues d'un usinage par creusement de la surface plane du bois prise en référence avant usinage de l'élément et, est caractérisé en ce que les formes s'étendent de manière asymétrique sur la surface texturée et sont distribuées de manière aléatoire. On entend par « aléatoire » au sens de l'invention, le fait que la probabilité de voir se reproduire la même forme (en géométrie et dimensions), sur l'élément longiligne et sur les marches issues de plusieurs éléments longilignes, est quasiment nulle.According to the invention, the slender wooden element, having at least one textured surface after machining, comprises shapes in relief resulting from machining by hollowing out the flat surface of the wood taken as reference before machining the element and, is characterized in that the shapes extend asymmetrically over the textured surface and are randomly distributed. By "random" is meant within the meaning of the invention, the fact that the probability of seeing the same shape reproduce (in geometry and dimensions), on the slender element and on the steps resulting from several slender elements, is almost zero. .

Les formes ne sont pas reproductibles.The shapes are not reproducible.

Le caractère aléatoire est présent à trois niveaux ou dans trois dimensions : la hauteur des formes, la largeur des formes et l'amplitude ou fréquence des formes.The randomness is present at three levels or in three dimensions: the height of the forms, the width of the forms and the amplitude or frequency of the forms.

Chaque forme est unique.Each shape is unique.

Chaque élément longiligne est unique.Each slender element is unique.

Ainsi, les formes en relief engendrent à l'utilisation une fonction d'antiglissance, tout en procurant un effet de massage sans que l'usager ne s'en rende compte, à tout le moins sans perception exagérée.Thus, the shapes in relief generate in use an anti-slip function, while providing a massage effect without the user realizing it, at the very least without exaggerated perception.

De plus, contrairement au modèle d'utilité chinois précité, le demandeur a mis en évidence de manière surprenante que les caractères asymétrique et aléatoire des formes, évitent à l'usager le contact de formes identiques dans le franchissement de sa ligne de foulée, et par conséquent, évitent toute gêne physique à marcher sur une surface texturée et non lisse, tout en procurant même une sensation agréable, et engendrent au cours du temps par la montée et la descente de l'escalier l'effet de massage recherché.Moreover, unlike the aforementioned Chinese utility model, the applicant has surprisingly demonstrated that the asymmetrical and random characteristics of the shapes prevent the user from coming into contact with identical shapes when crossing his line of stride, and therefore, avoid any physical discomfort walking on a textured and non-smooth surface, while even providing a pleasant sensation, and generate over time by the ascent and descent of the stairs the desired massage effect.

Par ailleurs, la préhension des mains courantes par l'usager bénéficie des mêmes sensations tactiles que pour les marches ; les mains pressent et appuient sur une surface structurée qui procure une sécurité accrue.Furthermore, gripping the handrails by the user benefits from the same tactile sensations as for the steps; hands squeeze and press against a structured surface that provides added security.

L'élément longiligne de l'invention à surface texturée permet une auto-stimulation optimale de toutes les terminaisons nerveuses de la voûte plantaire et de la face interne de la main et des doigts. En outre, par les caractères asymétrique et aléatoire, l'usager ne rencontre jamais les mêmes formes, ce qui favorise une stimulation diversifiée de différents points de contact et d'appui.The slender element of the invention with a textured surface allows optimal self-stimulation of all nerve endings in the arch of the foot and the inner side of the hand and fingers. In addition, due to the asymmetrical and random characteristics, the user never encounters the same shapes, which favors a diversified stimulation of different points of contact and support.

En cela l'invention d'une structuration aléatoire de la matière bois sollicite les sens du toucher, et de la vision par des contrastes visuels résultant de la surface texturée.In this, the invention of a random structuring of the wood material appeals to the senses of touch and vision through visual contrasts resulting from the textured surface.

Les formes en relief sont intégrées à la matière de l'élément longiligne puisque usinées dans la masse du bois. Elles sont donc solidaires et fixes.The shapes in relief are integrated into the material of the slender element since they are machined in the mass of the wood. They are therefore interdependent and fixed.

Selon une caractéristique, les formes présentent une hauteur variable, de préférence d'au plus 5 mm par rapport à la plus profonde cavité, encore plus préférentiellement d'au plus 2 mm, pour assurer une auto-stimulation sans gêne pour l'utilisateur.According to one characteristic, the forms have a variable height, preferably of at most 5 mm with respect to the deepest cavity, even more preferably of at most 2 mm, to ensure self-stimulation without discomfort for the user.

De préférence, les formes en relief présentent des crêtes à sommet arrondi (en dôme) ou aplati, les sommets n'étant pas piquants.Preferably, the relief shapes have rounded (domed) or flattened apex ridges, the apexes not being sharp.

Chaque forme en relief présente des sommets, des creux ou cavités et des pans. Les pans s'étendent dans des plans entre le sommet et le fond d'une cavité adjacente, qui présentent des angles différents par rapport à la surface plane du bois prise en référence avant usinage de l'élément. L'angle entre l'inclinaison des deux pans reliant le sommet est de préférence aigu.Each relief shape has peaks, valleys or cavities and sides. The sides extend in planes between the top and the bottom of an adjacent cavity, which have different angles relative to the planar surface of the wood taken as reference before machining the element. The angle between the inclination of the two sections connecting the top is preferably acute.

Les creux ou cavités sont obtenus par l'usinage, de préférence le fond des cavités est concave.The recesses or cavities are obtained by machining, preferably the bottom of the cavities is concave.

Selon une première variante de réalisation, dite à formes striées, les formes en relief présentent des profils longilignes (les profils étant considéré à la fois en vue de dessus et en coupe longitudinale de l'élément longiligne), lesdits profils étant espacés et à l'allure générale d'ondulations du type sinusoïdale asymétrique, en particulier les profils longilignes s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale de l'élément en bois. Chaque profil est différent des autres par la « fréquence », la hauteur, etc., des ondulations.According to a first variant embodiment, called striated shapes, the shapes in relief have elongated profiles (the profiles being considered both in top view and in longitudinal section of the elongated element), said profiles being spaced apart and at the general appearance of sinusoidal type undulations asymmetrical, in particular the elongated profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element. Each profile is different from the others by the "frequency", the height, etc., of the undulations.

On entend par « allure générale sinusoïdale », une ligne qui serpente ou ondule sans être symétrique par rapport à un axe longitudinal, et présentant des ondulations différentes en hauteur et en largeur.The term “general sinusoidal shape” is understood to mean a line which meanders or undulates without being symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis, and having different undulations in height and in width.

Dans cette première variante, chaque profil longiligne est espacé d'un autre profil dans une direction transversale à la direction longitudinale de l'élément (entre deux sommets ou convexités), d'une distance variable et aléatoire comprise à titre d'exemple entre 2,5 et 12 mm.In this first variant, each elongated profile is spaced from another profile in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the element (between two vertices or convexities), by a variable and random distance comprised, for example, between 2 ,5 and 12mm.

Dans cette première variante, un profil (un relief) présente une largeur, considérée à la base de deux pans définissant un sommet (ou encore considérée selon la surface supérieure du sommet ou de la convexité), qui est très faible, notamment inférieure à 2 mm.In this first variant, a profile (a relief) has a width, considered at the base of two sections defining a vertex (or even considered according to the upper surface of the vertex or of the convexity), which is very small, in particular less than 2 mm.

Les convexités ou sommets ne présentent aucune arête vive ou saillante.Convexities or vertices have no sharp or protruding edges.

Selon une seconde variante, dite à formes gougées, les formes en relief présentent des profils bosselés avec une alternance de creux à surfaces concaves (concavité tournée vers l'usager), les creux étant réalisés par gougeage dans la masse du bois lors de l'usinage. Les creux présentent une amplitude variable, l'amplitude étant la distance, selon un plan perpendiculaire à la surface avant usinage, entre le fond d'un creux et le sommet de la forme en relief. Les formes en relief définissent des bordures supérieures à géométrie irrégulière.According to a second variant, called with gouged shapes, the shapes in relief have bumpy profiles with alternating hollows with concave surfaces (concavity facing the user), the hollows being made by gouging in the mass of the wood during the machining. The hollows have a variable amplitude, the amplitude being the distance, according to a plane perpendicular to the surface before machining, between the bottom of a hollow and the top of the shape in relief. Raised shapes define top borders with irregular geometry.

L'alternance de creux d'amplitude variable, traduit des bordures supérieures ou lignes de crête aux contours fermés, divers et dans des plans d'altitude variable. Chaque ligne de crête définit deux pans de chaque côté dont l'angle entre les deux pans est obtus et de préférence compris entre 130° et 155°. Le contour de ces lignes de crête dessine des figures géométriques aléatoires à lignes fermées, de formes asymétriques entre-elles. La forme des contours n'a pas de géométrie définie ; les contours sont différents des uns des autres. Les contours ont des lignes fermées qui s'étalent dans des plans de profondeur/hauteur différente. Une même ligne de crête à contour fermé chemine selon une altitude variable. Les lignes de crête n'étant pas parallèles entre elles, le contour des lignes fermées (périmètre) autour des creux se caractérise par des dimensions de plusieurs centimètres, telles que comprises entre 7 cm et 14 cm. Dans ce cas, la plus grande dimension (en vue de dessus) des creux présentent des valeurs comprises notamment entre 10 et 50 mm.The alternation of hollows of variable amplitude, translates upper borders or ridge lines with closed contours, various and in planes of variable altitude. Each crest line defines two sections on each side, the angle between the two sections of which is obtuse and preferably between 130° and 155°. the contour of these ridge lines draws random geometric figures with closed lines, of asymmetrical shapes between them. The shape of the outlines has no defined geometry; the contours are different from each other. Outlines have closed lines that span in planes of different depth/height. The same ridge line with a closed contour runs along a variable altitude. Since the ridge lines are not parallel to each other, the outline of the closed lines (perimeter) around the hollows is characterized by dimensions of several centimeters, such as between 7 cm and 14 cm. In this case, the largest dimension (in top view) of the recesses have values comprised in particular between 10 and 50 mm.

Ainsi dans cette seconde variante, l'alternance est telle que chaque creux est délimité par un contour périphérique à ligne fermée de géométrie et de dimension différent de celui des autres creux. Chaque creux présente une surface dite supérieure, considérée par rapport au plan de référence de la surface plane avant usinage, comprise entre 300 mm2 et 1500 mm2.Thus in this second variant, the alternation is such that each hollow is delimited by a peripheral contour with a closed line of geometry and of dimension different from that of the other hollows. Each recess has a so-called upper surface, considered relative to the reference plane of the flat surface before machining, of between 300 mm 2 and 1500 mm 2 .

Selon une autre caractéristique, le pan des formes striées de la première variante présente une pente en partant du sommet avec le plan de la surface de référence, dont l'angle est compris entre 20 et 50°.According to another characteristic, the face of the striated shapes of the first variant has a slope starting from the top with the plane of the reference surface, the angle of which is between 20 and 50°.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les creux des formes gougées de la seconde variante présentent une pente, en partant de la surface plane supérieure de l'élément en bois, dont l'angle avec le plan de la surface de référence est compris entre 10 et 20°.According to another characteristic, the hollows of the gouged shapes of the second variant have a slope, starting from the upper flat surface of the wooden element, the angle of which with the plane of the reference surface is between 10 and 20 °.

L'invention porte également sur un escalier comportant au moins une marche issue de l'élément longiligne de l'invention après découpe transversale dudit élément par rapport à sa direction longitudinale.The invention also relates to a staircase comprising at least one step resulting from the slender element of the invention after transverse cutting of said element with respect to its longitudinal direction.

Pour un escalier comprenant au moins deux marches, les marches comportent ainsi des profils de texturation différents d'une marche à l'autre.For a staircase comprising at least two steps, the steps thus have different texturing profiles from one step to another.

De cette façon, en empruntant l'escalier, l'usager ne rencontre jamais la même structure de formes et ainsi différents points d'appui du pied sont stimulés.In this way, by taking the stairs, the user never encounters the same structure of shapes and thus different points of support of the foot are stimulated.

L'invention porte également sur une main courante d'escalier comportant au moins un élément longiligne de l'invention après découpe et façonnage pour former la main courante, la main courante présentant sur sa face supérieure et/ou ses parois latérales la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne.The invention also relates to a staircase handrail comprising at least one slender element of the invention after cutting and shaping to form the handrail, the handrail having on its upper face and/or its side walls the textured surface of the slender element.

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, au moins une partie de la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne comporte un revêtement de finition telle qu'une laque ou patine, et/ou un revêtement fluorescent. En particulier, dans le cas d'un revêtement fluorescent, celui-ci est réparti sur une zone destinée à correspondre à une partie du nez d'une marche d'escalier, pour permettre de repérer les marches pour les personnes à déficience visuelle.According to another advantageous characteristic, at least part of the textured surface of the slender element comprises a finishing coating such as a lacquer or patina, and/or a fluorescent coating. In particular, in the case of a fluorescent coating, the latter is distributed over an area intended to correspond to part of the nose of a stair step, to make it possible to identify the steps for the visually impaired.

L'invention porte sur l'utilisation d'au moins un élément longiligne de l'invention pour constituer les marches d'un escalier, en vue notamment d'éviter la glissance des marches et de procurer du bien-être à l'usager marchant de préférence pieds nus sur le bois, ou pour constituer une main courante d'escalier.The invention relates to the use of at least one slender element of the invention to constitute the steps of a staircase, with a view in particular to preventing the slipperiness of the steps and providing well-being to the user walking preferably barefoot on wood, or to form a stair handrail.

L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication de l'élément longiligne en bois de l'invention, par usinage asymétrique et aléatoire de formes.The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing the slender wooden element of the invention, by asymmetrical and random machining of shapes.

L'usinage est en 3D dynamique.Machining is in dynamic 3D.

L'usinage asymétrique et aléatoire est réalisé grâce à la translation de l'élément longiligne selon une direction de défilement correspondant à la direction longitudinale dudit élément, de préférence sur une corroyeuse, et à la mise en œuvre d'au moins un outil d'usinage agencé sur au moins un arbre en rotation et s'étendant dans une direction transversale à la direction de défilement, l'arbre étant d'une part mobile en rotation dans un sens opposé au sens de défilement de l'élément et d'autre part mobile en translation axiale, transversalement à la direction de défilement.The asymmetrical and random machining is carried out thanks to the translation of the slender element in a direction of travel corresponding to the longitudinal direction of said element, preferably on a planing machine, and to the implementation of at least one cutting tool. machining arranged on at least one rotating shaft and extending in a direction transverse to the running direction, the shaft being on the one hand rotatable in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the element and on the other hand mobile in axial translation, transversely to the direction of movement.

On entend par mobile en rotation dans un sens opposé au sens de défilement de l'élément, le fait que la direction tangentielle de l'outil est de sens opposé à la direction de défilement.The term mobile in rotation in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the element means that the tangential direction of the tool is in the direction opposite to the direction of movement.

La vitesse de défilement de l'élément longiligne est variable.The scrolling speed of the slender element is variable.

Par la suite, le déplacement d'un arbre transversalement à la direction de défilement est qualifié d'axial.Thereafter, the displacement of a shaft transversely to the direction of travel is qualified as axial.

La vitesse et l'amplitude de déplacement axial d'un arbre sont variables.The speed and amount of axial movement of a shaft are variable.

Ces différentes mobilités des outils d'usinage au regard du défilement de l'élément longiligne permettent d'obtenir les caractères aléatoires et asymétriques des formes en relief de l'élément longiligne de l'invention.These different mobilities of the machining tools with regard to the scrolling of the elongated element make it possible to obtain the random and asymmetrical characters of the shapes in relief of the elongated element of the invention.

Selon une caractéristique, la vitesse de défilement de l'élément longiligne, dite encore vitesse d'amenage, est comprise entre 6 et 15 mètres linéaires par minutes (ml/min). Une telle vitesse correspond à la vitesse d'une corroyeuse classique pour l'usinage du bois. Ainsi, le procédé de l'invention présente l'avantage, malgré la diversité des formes à usiner, de conserver un défilement usuel de la matière, ce qui n'impacte pas le temps de fabrication, permettant d'obtenir un rendement économique de la production.According to one characteristic, the running speed of the slender element, also called feeding speed, is between 6 and 15 linear meters per minute (ml/min). Such a speed corresponds to the speed of a conventional planer for machining wood. Thus, the method of the invention has the advantage, despite the diversity of shapes to be machined, of maintaining a usual movement of the material, which does not impact the manufacturing time, making it possible to obtain an economic yield from the production.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'arbre rotatif est en outre mobile en translation verticale, dite radiale, c'est-à-dire selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan horizontal de défilement.According to another feature, the rotary shaft is also movable in vertical translation, called radial, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal running plane.

Par la suite, le déplacement d'un arbre verticalement est qualifié de radial.Subsequently, the movement of a shaft vertically is referred to as radial.

La vitesse et l'amplitude de déplacement radial d'un arbre sont variables.The speed and amount of radial displacement of a shaft are variable.

Cette mobilité des outils d'usinage au regard du défilement de l'élément longiligne permet également d'obtenir les caractères aléatoires et asymétriques des formes en relief de l'élément longiligne de l'invention.This mobility of the machining tools with regard to the scrolling of the elongated element also makes it possible to obtain the random and asymmetrical characters of the shapes in relief of the elongated element of the invention.

De préférence, le procédé met en œuvre au moins deux arbres rotatifs, chacun portant au moins un, de préférence plusieurs, outil(s) d'usinage(s), les arbres étant espacés et parallèles, tournant dans le sens opposé de défilement de l'élément longiligne, étant mobiles en translation transversalement à la direction de défilement, et au moins un des arbres étant en outre mobile verticalement, c'est-à-dire selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan horizontal de défilement. Le déplacement selon la direction verticale sera par la suite qualifié de déplacement vertical.Preferably, the method implements at least two rotary shafts, each carrying at least one, preferably several, machining tool(s), the shafts being spaced apart and parallel, rotating in the opposite direction of the slender element, being movable in translation transversely to the direction of travel, and at least one of the shafts also being movable vertically, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of travel. The displacement in the vertical direction will subsequently be referred to as vertical displacement.

De préférence, l'un des deux arbres est décalé verticalement par rapport à l'autre arbre, c'est-à-dire que les arbres en position fixe sont agencés tel que l'un est plus haut que l'autre par rapport au plan de défilement de l'élément longiligne.Preferably, one of the two shafts is offset vertically with respect to the other shaft, that is to say that the shafts in the fixed position are arranged such that one is higher than the other with respect to the scrolling plane of the slender element.

Avantageusement :

  • la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre rotatif ou des arbres rotatifs (donc du ou des outils) est comprise entre 8 500 tours/min et 10 000 tours/min ;
  • la vitesse de déplacement axial est comprise entre 30 et 300 mm/seconde ;
  • l'amplitude de déplacement axial d'un arbre est comprise entre 0 et 60 mm, de préférence entre 20 et 40 mm ;
  • la vitesse de déplacement vertical est comprise entre 10 et 30 mm/seconde ;
  • l'amplitude de déplacement vertical est comprise entre 0,60 et 0,90 mm.
  • le décalage vertical entre deux arbres est compris entre 0 et 1 mm, par exemple de 0,1 mm.
Advantageously:
  • the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft or of the rotary shafts (therefore of the tool or tools) is between 8,500 revolutions/min and 10,000 revolutions/min;
  • the axial displacement speed is between 30 and 300 mm/second;
  • the amplitude of axial displacement of a shaft is between 0 and 60 mm, preferably between 20 and 40 mm;
  • the vertical displacement speed is between 10 and 30 mm/second;
  • the amplitude of vertical displacement is between 0.60 and 0.90 mm.
  • the vertical offset between two shafts is between 0 and 1 mm, for example 0.1 mm.

Ainsi, la conjugaison des paramètres multifactoriels liés aux outils d'usinage et au défilement de l'élément longiligne en bois (vitesse de défilement, vitesse de rotation, vitesses de translation) garantit le caractère aléatoire des formes en relief.Thus, the combination of the multifactorial parameters linked to the machining tools and to the scrolling of the slender wooden element (scrolling speed, rotation speed, translation speeds) guarantees the random character of the shapes in relief.

De préférence, chaque arbre comporte plusieurs outils, tels que quatre, répartis régulièrement selon la circonférence de l'arbre.Preferably, each shaft comprises several tools, such as four, regularly distributed along the circumference of the shaft.

Un outil comporte un couteau dont le profil comporte une alternance irrégulière d'évidements et de convexités aux arêtes tranchantes pour assurer le profilage du bois. Chaque outil d'un même arbre est rigoureusement identique pour assurer un travail optimal de profilage de l'ensemble des outils d'un même arbre.A tool comprises a knife whose profile comprises an irregular alternation of recesses and convexities with sharp edges to ensure the profiling of the wood. Each tool of the same tree is strictly identical to ensure an optimal work of profiling of all the tools of the same tree.

De cette manière, lors de l'utilisation de l'outil, les convexités associées aux évidements génèrent les creux ou cavités de chaque côté des formes en relief. Les formes en relief profilées ne sont nullement saillantes. Elles présentent toute une convexité arrondie ou légèrement plate.In this way, when using the tool, the convexities associated with the recesses generate the hollows or cavities on each side of the relief shapes. Streamlined relief shapes are not protruding in any way. They have a rounded or slightly flat convexity.

En variante, chaque outil d'un même arbre est rigoureusement identique mais deux outils consécutifs sont disposés en miroir.As a variant, each tool of the same shaft is strictly identical but two consecutive tools are arranged in a mirror.

A titre d'exemple préféré, le dispositif comporte au moins deux arbres porte-outils, les outils présentant des couteaux de profil différent d'un arbre à l'autre. L'utilisation de deux arbres porte-outils disposant de profils d'outils différents permet d'accroitre les variables d'usinage, pour accroitre le nombre de surfaces texturées. L'aspect aléatoire des formes est encore accru avec deux arbres aux outils de profils différents. Cette configuration de multiplicité d'arbres et de profils distincts de couteaux permet en outre d'avoir pour la première variante aux formes striées, des stries ou lignes de faible rapprochement tel qu'inférieur à 5 mm.By way of preferred example, the device comprises at least two tool-carrying shafts, the tools having blades of different profile from one shaft to the other. The use of two tool shafts with different tool profiles makes it possible to increase the machining variables, to increase the number of textured surfaces. The random aspect of the shapes is further increased with two trees with tools of different profiles. This configuration of multiplicity of shafts and distinct profiles of knives also makes it possible to have, for the first variant with striated shapes, streaks or lines of weak approximation such as less than 5 mm.

Dans la suite de la description, les termes « horizontal », « vertical », « supérieur », « inférieur », « haut », « bas », s'entendent au regard du plan de défilement horizontal d'un élément longiligne, et les termes « amont » et « aval » s'entendent par rapport au sens de défilement de l'élément longiligne.In the rest of the description, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", are understood with regard to the horizontal scrolling plane of an elongated element, and the terms “upstream” and “downstream” are understood with respect to the direction of travel of the elongate element.

Le terme « largeur » correspond à une dimension s'étendant dans un plan parallèle à la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne et transversalement à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément longiligne.The term “width” corresponds to a dimension extending in a plane parallel to the textured surface of the elongated element and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the elongated element.

Le terme « hauteur » correspond à une dimension s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne.The term “height” corresponds to a dimension extending in a plane perpendicular to the textured surface of the elongate element.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaitront dans la description qui suit à l'aide d'exemples uniquement illustratifs et nullement limitatifs de la portée de l'invention, et à partir des illustrations ci-jointes dans lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective de dessus de marches d'un escalier en bois présentant une surface texturée striée selon la présente invention ;
  • La figure 2a est une vue partielle schématique en perspective d'un élément longiligne en bois présentant une surface texturée striée selon la présente invention ;
  • La figure 2b est une vue partielle de dessus de la surface texturée striée de la figure 2a ;
  • Les figures 3a à 3c sont des vues schématiques en coupe, illustrant les profils de la surface texturée selon une partie de la largeur de l'élément de la figure 2a et respectivement selon les plans de coupe A-A, B-B et C-C de cette figure 2a;
  • La figure 4a est une vue partielle en perspective d'un élément longiligne en bois selon une seconde variante de surface texturée dite gougée ;
  • La figure 4b est une vue partielle de dessus de la surface texturée gougée de la figure 4a ;
  • La figure 4c est une vue partielle en coupe de la figure 4a ;
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique de dessus de la machine-outil utilisée pour la fabrication de l'élément longiligne en bois de l'invention ;
  • La figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale de la figure 5 ;
  • La figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un arbre portant les outils d'usinage de la machine ;
  • La figure 8 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un couteau d'un outil d'usinage.
Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear in the description which follows with the aid of examples which are purely illustrative and in no way limit the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations in which:
  • The figure 1 is a partial perspective view from above of treads of a wooden staircase having a ridged textured surface according to the present invention;
  • The figure 2a is a schematic partial perspective view of an elongated wooden element having a ribbed textured surface according to the present invention;
  • The figure 2b is a partial top view of the ridged textured surface of the figure 2a ;
  • The figures 3a to 3c are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the profiles of the textured surface along part of the width of the element of the figure 2a and respectively according to section plans AA, BB and CC of this figure 2a ;
  • The figure 4a is a partial perspective view of an elongated wooden element according to a second variant of a so-called gouged textured surface;
  • The figure 4b is a partial top view of the gouged textured surface of the figure 4a ;
  • The figure 4c is a partial sectional view of the figure 4a ;
  • The figure 5 is a schematic top view of the machine tool used for the manufacture of the slender wooden element of the invention;
  • The figure 6 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the figure 5 ;
  • The figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a shaft carrying the machining tools of the machine;
  • The figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cutter of a machining tool.

La figure 1 illustre une partie d'un escalier 1 selon l'invention présentant des marches 2A à 2D issues d'éléments longilignes en bois 3 fabriqués par le procédé de l'invention dont une vue de détail est illustrée sur la figure 2a.The figure 1 illustrates part of a staircase 1 according to the invention having steps 2A to 2D from slender wooden elements 3 manufactured by the method of the invention, a detail view of which is illustrated in the figure 2a .

Chaque marche est issue d'un élément longiligne usiné de longueur correspondant avant usinage à celle de la marche ou bien d'un élément longiligne usiné puis découpé à la longueur de la marche. Dans la suite de la description, une marche sera considérée aussi bien issue d'un élément longiligne ou d'une partie d'un élément longiligne.Each step comes from a machined slender element of length corresponding before machining to that of the step or else from a machined elongate element then cut to the length of the step. In the rest of the description, a step will be considered both from an elongated element or from part of an elongated element.

L'élément longiligne décrit ci-après pourrait également être utilisé pour constituer une main courante d'escalier.The slender element described below could also be used to form a stair handrail.

Au regard des figures 2a, 2b et 3a à 3c, l'élément longiligne 3 présente une surface texturée après usinage qui comporte une multiplicité de formes en relief 4. Ces formes en relief 4 ont été obtenues en ayant creusé le bois par usinage. Elles sont issues par creusement d'une surface de référence correspondant à la surface plane du bois avant usinage et schématiquement illustrée par la droite S sur les figures 3a à 3c.In view of figures 2a, 2b and 3a to 3c , the slender element 3 has a textured surface after machining which comprises a multiplicity of shapes in relief 4. These shapes in relief 4 were obtained by having dug the wood by machining. They are obtained by hollowing out a reference surface corresponding to the flat surface of the wood before machining and schematically illustrated by the line S on the figures 3a to 3c .

Les formes en relief 4 sont toutes différentes ; elles présentent des profils différents sur l'ensemble de la surface de l'élément longiligne 3. Elles s'étendent de manière asymétrique sur la surface de l'élément longiligne 3 et sont distribuées de manière aléatoire, de sorte que chaque marche 2A à 2D de la figure 1 est constituée d'un élément longiligne 3 présentant une surface texturée différente.The shapes in relief 4 are all different; they have different profiles over the entire surface of the slender element 3. They extend asymmetrically over the surface of the slender element 3 and are distributed randomly, so that each step 2A to 2D of the figure 1 consists of an elongated element 3 having a different textured surface.

Les formes en relief selon le type d'usinage présentent des aspects différents. Deux exemples nullement limitatifs de formes dont l'aspect général est distinct sont donnés ci-après, des formes dites striées (figures 2a, 2b), et des formes dites gougées (figures 4a, 4b).The relief shapes depending on the type of machining have different appearances. Two non-limiting examples of shapes whose general appearance is distinct are given below, so-called striated shapes ( figures 2a, 2b ), and so-called gouged shapes ( figures 4a, 4b ).

Les formes striées présentent une largeur de relief bien plus fine que les formes gougées, et sont bien plus rapprochées les unes des autres, tandis que les formes gougées possèdent des reliefs plus larges, plus étalés et plus aplatis. Les formes striées ne se coupent pas. En revanche, les formes gougées se rejoignent en des points d'intersections aux sommets des creux.Streaked shapes have a much thinner relief width than gouged shapes, and are much closer together, while gouged shapes have wider, more spread out, and flatter reliefs. Striped shapes do not intersect. On the other hand, the gouged shapes come together at points of intersection at the tops of the hollows.

Les figures 2a et 2b illustrent les formes striées 4 qui sont des profils longilignes à l'allure générale d'ondulations du type sinusoïdale asymétrique, s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale de l'élément en bois 3.The figures 2a and 2b illustrate the striated shapes 4 which are elongated profiles with the general appearance of undulations of the asymmetrical sinusoidal type, extending in the longitudinal direction of the wooden element 3.

Deux formes en relief 4 sensiblement parallèles et consécutives délimitent un creux ou cavité longiligne 5 qui présente aussi un profil longiligne à l'allure générale d'ondulation du type sinusoïdale asymétrique.Two substantially parallel and consecutive shapes in relief 4 delimit a hollow or slender cavity 5 which also has a slender profile with the general appearance of an asymmetric sinusoidal undulation.

Les formes striées ont l'apparence de lignes de crêtes plus ou moins parallèles les unes aux autres.The striated forms have the appearance of lines of ridges more or less parallel to each other.

Les formes striées 4 sont espacées les unes des autres dans une direction transversale à la direction longitudinale de l'élément 3, selon une distance « e » qui correspond à la largeur d'une cavité 5 et varie aléatoirement le long de l'élément 3. Ainsi, les distances « eA », « eB » et « eC » respectivement prises selon les lignes de coupe A-A, B-B et C-C de la surface de l'élément 3, sont différentes pour deux formes striées longilignes 4 consécutives.The striated shapes 4 are spaced from each other in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the element 3, according to a distance "e" which corresponds to the width of a cavity 5 and varies randomly along the element 3 Thus, the distances “e A ”, “e B ” and “e C ” respectively taken according to the section lines AA, BB and CC of the surface of the element 3, are different for two consecutive slender striated shapes 4.

A titre d'exemple, la largeur « e » pour des formes striées est comprise entre 2,5 et 11,5 mm.By way of example, the width “e” for ribbed shapes is between 2.5 and 11.5 mm.

Dans la variante représentée sur les figures 4a et 4b, les formes en relief référencées 40 sont dites gougées, en délimitant des creux 50 à lignes fermées. Chaque creux 50 possède un contour périphérique 9 à ligne fermée de géométrie et de dimension différente d'un creux à l'autre.In the variant shown on the figures 4a and 4b , the shapes in relief referenced 40 are said to be gouged, by delimiting hollows 50 with closed lines. Each hollow 50 has a peripheral contour 9 with a closed line of geometry and of different dimensions from one hollow to another.

Les formes gougées présentent ainsi des profils avec une alternance de creux et de reliefs, les reliefs dessinant des lignes de crête aux contours fermés. Deux creux juxtaposés étant séparés par une ligne de crête commune. Les lignes de crête (reliefs) sont plus étalés que les formes striées, à la fois selon la longueur de l'élément 3 et selon la largeur de l'élément.The gouged forms thus present profiles with an alternation of hollows and reliefs, the reliefs drawing ridge lines with closed contours. Two juxtaposed hollows being separated by a common crest line. The ridge lines (reliefs) are more spread out than the striated forms, both along the length of the element 3 and along the width of the element.

De manière préférée, la largeur d'un creux d'une forme gougée (dimension en vue de dessus) est comprise à titre d'exemple 10 et 50 mm.Preferably, the width of a hollow of a gouged shape (dimension in plan view) is comprised by way of example 10 and 50 mm.

D'une manière générale, les cavités ou creux des formes en relief 4 (striées ou gougées) ont des géométries qui diffèrent d'une forme à une autre et sur la totalité de la surface de l'élément longiligne. En particulier, la profondeur des creux, dimension considérée selon la dimension de l'épaisseur du bois, et les pentes des formes en relief cheminant des sommets jusqu'au fond des creux sont de dimensions diverses.In general, the cavities or hollows of the shapes in relief 4 (striated or gouged) have geometries which differ from one shape to another and over the entire surface of the elongated element. In particular, the depth of the hollows, dimension considered according to the dimension of the thickness of the wood, and the slopes of the shapes in relief traveling from the tops to the bottom of the hollows are of various dimensions.

D'une manière générale, chaque forme en relief 4 (striée ou gougée), lorsqu'elle à l'allure générale d'une sinusoïde, possède un profil différent de l'autre par la fréquence de l'ondulation.In general, each shape in relief 4 (striated or gouged), when it has the general appearance of a sinusoid, has a different profile from the other by the frequency of the undulation.

De plus, la probabilité de voir se reproduire la même ondulation au sein de la surface de l'élément longiligne est quasiment nulle. En regard de la figure 2b, l'ondulation de la forme 4 dans la zone A-B est différente de l'ondulation de la même forme 4 dans la zone B-C.In addition, the probability of seeing the same undulation reproduce within the surface of the elongate element is practically nil. Next to the figure 2b , the corrugation of the form 4 in the zone AB is different from the corrugation of the same form 4 in the zone BC.

De la même façon, les cavités longilignes 5 présentent des profils aléatoires et asymétriques.Similarly, the slender cavities 5 have random and asymmetrical profiles.

Les figures 3a à 3c montrent la structure de la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne en bois 3 de la figure 2b selon des coupes transversales au niveau des lignes respectives A-A, B-B et C-C. Chaque figure 3a à 3c représente donc les reliefs des lignes de crêtes consécutives selon la largeur de l'élément longiligne 3.The figures 3a to 3c show the structure of the textured surface of the slender wooden element 3 of the figure 2b according to cross sections at the level of the respective lines AA, BB and CC. Each figure 3a to 3c therefore represents the reliefs of the consecutive ridge lines along the width of the elongated element 3.

On constate que le profil de chaque figure 3a à 3c est différent impliquant qu'au niveau de chacune de ces lignes de coupe, les formes en relief 4 considérées en tant que lignes adjacentes sont différentes dans leur géométrie et leurs dimensions. Ceci est vrai pour toute la surface de l'élément longiligne 3.It can be seen that the profile of each figure 3a to 3c is different implying that at each of these cutting lines, the shapes in relief 4 considered as adjacent lines are different in their geometry and their dimensions. This is true for the entire surface of the slender element 3.

En outre, pour une même ligne de formes en relief, la géométrie de son profil est distincte et la hauteur des reliefs est différente.In addition, for the same line of relief shapes, the geometry of its profile is distinct and the height of the reliefs is different.

En particulier, trois formes striées 4A à 4C prises isolément sur une même ligne de formes en relief 4 comporte une crête à sommet, respectivement 6A à 6C, arrondi, et un pan 7A à 7C partant du sommet jusqu'au fond de l'une des cavités adjacentes 5, chacun des pans s'étendant dans un plan incliné selon un angle respectif αA à αC par rapport à la surface S de référence représentative de la surface plane de l'élément en bois avant usinage.In particular, three striated shapes 4A to 4C taken in isolation on the same line of shapes in relief 4 comprise a crest with a top, respectively 6A to 6C, rounded, and a face 7A to 7C starting from the top to the bottom of one adjacent cavities 5, each of the sides extending in an inclined plane at a respective angle α A to α C with respect to the reference surface S representative of the flat surface of the wooden element before machining.

Les angles αA à αC des pans 7A à 7C sont différents les uns des autres. La figure 3a montre un angle αA de l'ordre de 30°, tandis que les figures 3b et 3c illustrent respectivement un angle αB de l'ordre de 65° et un angle αC de l'ordre de 45°.The angles α A to α C of the sections 7A to 7C are different from each other. The picture 3a shows an angle α A of the order of 30°, while the figures 3b and 3c respectively illustrate an angle α B of the order of 65° and an angle α C of the order of 45°.

Il en est de même pour le pan opposé à chacun des pans 7A à 7C ne présentant pas la même inclinaison.It is the same for the side opposite each of the sides 7A to 7C not having the same inclination.

Ainsi, au sein d'une même forme en relief longiligne 4, la pente de part et d'autre des crêtes est différente tout au long de l'élément longiligne en bois 3.Thus, within the same form in slender relief 4, the slope on either side of the ridges is different all along the slender wooden element 3.

Les figures 3a à 3c montrent également que l'amplitude en hauteur des formes striées varie :

  • d'une part selon la largeur de l'élément longiligne 3 (d'une forme longiligne en relief à une forme en relief adjacente) : l'ensemble du profil est distinct selon chaque figure avec des hauteurs différentes entre les sommets et le fond des cavités ;
  • d'autre part selon la longueur de l'élément longiligne 3 : pour une même forme striée longiligne, la hauteur HA du sommet 6A au niveau de la coupe A-A est différente de la hauteur HB du sommet 6B au niveau de la coupe B-B, et encore distincte de la hauteur HC du sommet 6C au niveau de la coupe C-C.
The figures 3a to 3c also show that the amplitude in height of the striated forms varies:
  • on the one hand according to the width of the slender element 3 (from a slender shape in relief to an adjacent relief shape): the entire profile is distinct according to each figure with different heights between the tops and the bottom of the cavities;
  • on the other hand according to the length of the slender element 3: for the same slender striated shape, the height H A of the top 6A at the level of the cut AA is different from the height H B of the top 6B at the level of the cut BB , and again distinct from the height H C of the vertex 6C at the level of the cut CC.

Par ailleurs, les figures 3a à 3c illustrent le fait qu'une même forme longiligne en relief 4 présente un profil dont la largeur (distance entre deux fonds de cavités) L1 à L3 est variable selon la longueur de l'élément longiligne 3.Furthermore, the figures 3a to 3c illustrate the fact that the same slender shape in relief 4 has a profile whose width (distance between two cavity bottoms) L 1 to L 3 is variable according to the length of the slender element 3.

En outre, tel que visible sur les figures 3a et 3b, deux sommets consécutifs de deux lignes striées adjacentes 4A et 4D, et respectivement 4B et 4E, prises selon donc la direction de la largeur de l'élément longiligne, ont une hauteur différente.Furthermore, as seen on the figures 3a and 3b , two consecutive vertices of two adjacent striped lines 4A and 4D, and respectively 4B and 4E, therefore taken along the direction of the width of the elongate element, have a different height.

De même, la pente des pans de ces sommets est également différente.Similarly, the slope of the sides of these peaks is also different.

Les caractéristiques de diversité décrites ci-dessus pour les formes en relief striées s'appliquent également pour les formes gougées de la figure 4a.The diversity characteristics described above for the ridged relief shapes also apply for the gouged shapes of the figure 4a .

En regard de la figure 4c montrant une vue en coupe de la figure 4a, deux formes gougées adjacentes 40 définissent des sommets respectifs dont l'une des pentes associées 7D et 7E présente un angle « α' » et respectivement « β' » distinct avec la surface de référence S.Next to the figure 4c showing a sectional view of the figure 4a , two adjacent gouged shapes 40 define respective vertices, one of which of the associated slopes 7D and 7E presents an angle "α'" and respectively "β'" distinct with the reference surface S.

De même, la profondeur des cavités 50 est différente, et la largeur séparant deux sommets 40 est également différente.Likewise, the depth of the cavities 50 is different, and the width separating two vertices 40 is also different.

D'une manière générale quelles que soient les formes en relief 4, la hauteur des cavités 5 ou 50, dimension considérée entre le fond le plus bas des cavités schématisé par la ligne S' sur les figures 3a à 3c et la figure 4c, et la surface de référence S qui est également le plan contenant les plus hauts sommets, est d'au plus 5 mm. Ainsi, la perception par l'utilisateur des formes en relief de l'invention, lorsqu'il marche sur la surface texturée de l'élément longiligne, n'est jamais exagérée, et la perception visuelle et tactile participe à la sécurité et au bien-être ressenti.In general, whatever the shapes in relief 4, the height of the cavities 5 or 50, dimension considered between the lowest bottom of the cavities schematized by the line S' on the figures 3a to 3c and the figure 4c , and the reference surface S which is also the plane containing the highest vertices, is at most 5 mm. Thus, the perception by the user of the shapes in relief of the invention, when he walks on the textured surface of the slender element, is never exaggerated, and the visual and tactile perception participates in the safety and well-being. - to be felt.

Outre la fonction antidérapante ou antiglissance des formes en relief, leurs diversités de profils réparties sur la surface de l'élément longiligne et d'une marche à l'autre d'un escalier permet de stimuler la voûte plantaire tout en étant très subtil sensoriellement pour l'utilisateur. Il en est de même de la perception tactile de la main courante.In addition to the anti-slip or anti-slip function of the shapes in relief, their diversity of profiles distributed over the surface of the elongated element and from one step to another of a staircase makes it possible to stimulate the arch of the foot while being very subtle sensorially for the user. The same applies to the tactile perception of the handrail.

L'invention concerne en outre le procédé de fabrication par usinage de l'élément longiligne en bois de l'invention.The invention further relates to the manufacturing process by machining of the slender wooden element of the invention.

Les figure 5 et 6 illustrent une corroyeuse 10, comportant une surface longitudinale de support 11 et de défilement selon la flèche F pour l'élément longiligne 3, et des guides latéraux 11A, ainsi que selon l'invention, un ou de préférence deux arbres rotatifs 12A et 12B s'étendant dans une direction transversale à la direction de la surface 11, mobiles également en translation tel qu'il sera vu plus loin, et des outils d'usinage, de préférence quatre outils d'usinage, 13A à 13D (figure 7) étant agencés sur chacun de ces arbres 12A et 12B.The figures 5 and 6 illustrate a planer 10, comprising a longitudinal support surface 11 and run along the arrow F for the elongated element 3, and side guides 11A, as well as according to the invention, one or preferably two rotary shafts 12A and 12B s extending in a direction transverse to the direction of the surface 11, also movable in translation as will be seen later, and machining tools, preferably four machining tools, 13A to 13D ( figure 7 ) being arranged on each of these shafts 12A and 12B.

La surface de défilement 11 possède une longueur usuelle de 8 m. Elle sert de support à l'élément en bois 3 destiné à être usiné qui défile en continu en amont de l'arbre 12A jusqu'en en aval de l'arbre 12B, à la vitesse usuelle d'une corroyeuse classique, par exemple de l'ordre de 6 à 15 ml/min.The running surface 11 has a usual length of 8 m. It serves as a support for the wooden element 3 intended to be machined which runs continuously upstream of the shaft 12A to downstream of the shaft 12B, at the usual speed of a conventional planer, for example of the order of 6 to 15 ml/min.

La forme des outils d'usinage, la rotation des arbres et donc des outils, ainsi que les mouvements en translation des outils tandis que l'élément longiligne défile, permettent d'usiner les formes en relief de l'invention décrites ci-dessus, aux profils et répartition aléatoires.The shape of the machining tools, the rotation of the shafts and therefore of the tools, as well as the translational movements of the tools while the slender element scrolls, make it possible to machine the shapes in relief of the invention described above, to random profiles and distribution.

Les arbres 12A et 12B sont espacés et parallèles. Ils sont espacés par exemple d'une distance de 800 mm.Shafts 12A and 12B are spaced apart and parallel. They are spaced apart for example by a distance of 800 mm.

Les arbres 12A et 12B sont mobiles en rotation, dans le sens de la flèche illustrée « r » sur la figure 6, sens qui est opposé au sens de défilement F. La vitesse de rotation des arbres 12A et 12B est par exemple de 8 500 tours/minute.The shafts 12A and 12B are mobile in rotation, in the direction of the arrow illustrated "r" on the figure 6 , direction which is opposite to the direction of travel F. The speed of rotation of the shafts 12A and 12B is for example 8500 rpm.

Les arbres 12A et 12B sont également mobiles en translation selon les flèches F', transversalement à la direction de défilement de l'élément en bois 3 et parallèlement à l'axe de rotation des arbres. On qualifie ci-après ce déplacement de déplacement « axial ».The shafts 12A and 12B are also movable in translation along the arrows F', transversely to the direction of travel of the wooden element 3 and parallel to the axis of rotation of the shafts. This displacement is referred to below as “axial” displacement.

L'amplitude du déplacement axial est de quelques centimètres, par exemple entre 10 et 40 mm, par exemple 20 mm. L'amplitude imposée à l'un des arbres peut être différente de celle du second arbre.The amplitude of the axial displacement is a few centimeters, for example between 10 and 40 mm, for example 20 mm. The amplitude imposed on one of the shafts may be different from that of the second shaft.

La vitesse de déplacement axial des arbres peut également, et est de préférence, différente. Le rapport des vitesses est par exemple de 2. La vitesse de déplacement axial de l'arbre 12A est par exemple de 7,5 mm/seconde, tandis que celle du second arbre 12B est de 12,5 mm/seconde.The axial displacement speed of the shafts can also, and is preferably, different. The speed ratio is for example 2. The speed of axial displacement of the shaft 12A is for example 7.5 mm/second, while that of the second shaft 12B is 12.5 mm/second.

De plus, les arbres sont aptes à être mobiles en translation selon la flèche G (figure 6) dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction de leur axe de rotation (durant le défilement), c'est-à-dire selon un déplacement vertical par rapport au plan horizontal de défilement. La vitesse de déplacement vertical est comprise en particulier entre 10 mm/seconde et 30 mm/seconde. L'amplitude de déplacement vertical est de quelques centièmes de millimètres, par exemple : 0,65 mm.In addition, the shafts are capable of being movable in translation along the deflection G ( figure 6 ) in a direction perpendicular to the direction of their axis of rotation (during scrolling), that is to say according to a vertical displacement with respect to the horizontal scrolling plane. The vertical movement speed is in particular between 10 mm/second and 30 mm/second. The amplitude of vertical displacement is a few hundredths of a millimeter, for example: 0.65 mm.

Enfin, les deux arbres sont de préférence décalés verticalement l'un par rapport à l'autre, c'est-à-dire qu'au repos, les arbres présentent leur axe de rotation agencés dans des plans décalés verticalement par rapport au plan de défilement. Cette hauteur ne dépasse pas de préférence le millimètre, et est par exemple de 0,1 mm.Finally, the two shafts are preferably offset vertically with respect to each other, that is to say that at rest, the shafts have their axis of rotation arranged in planes offset vertically with respect to the plane of scroll. This height preferably does not exceed one millimeter, and is for example 0.1 mm.

La figure 7 montre que les outils d'usinage 13A à 13D sont répartis régulièrement selon la circonférence de l'arbre 12A.The figure 7 shows that the machining tools 13A to 13D are regularly distributed along the circumference of the shaft 12A.

Chaque outil 13A à 13D comporte un couteau 14A à 14D dont un des profils illustré schématiquement sur la figure 8 comporte une alternance irrégulière d'évidements 15A et de convexités 15B aux arêtes tranchantes qui sont destinés à usiner les formes en relief 4 de l'élément longiligne 3. Chaque profil de couteau est de préférence différent sur chacun des deux arbres d'usinage. En revanche le profil des quatre couteaux est le même par arbre d'usinage.Each tool 13A to 13D comprises a knife 14A to 14D, one of the profiles of which is schematically illustrated on the figure 8 comprises an irregular alternation of recesses 15A and convexities 15B with sharp edges which are intended to machine the shapes in relief 4 of the elongate element 3. Each knife profile is preferably different on each of the two machining shafts. On the other hand, the profile of the four knives is the same per machining shaft.

L'élément en bois 3 usiné en sortie de la corroyeuse 10 de l'invention présente une surface texturée comportant les formes en relief 4 intégrées à la matière en bois de l'élément longiligne 3 et de manière aléatoire et asymétrique.The wooden element 3 machined at the output of the grinder 10 of the invention has a textured surface comprising the shapes in relief 4 integrated into the wooden material of the slender element 3 and in a random and asymmetrical manner.

L'usinage de cet élément en bois 3 est maintenant décrit. En 50 secondes, un élément longiligne de 5 m peut ainsi être usiné pour présenter la surface texturée de l'invention.The machining of this wooden element 3 is now described. In 50 seconds, a slender element of 5 m can thus be machined to present the textured surface of the invention.

L'élément en bois 3 est disposé sur la table 11 de la corroyeuse 10. Il est translaté selon le sens de défilement F correspondant à la direction longitudinale dudit élément 3. La vitesse de défilement, dite encore vitesse d'amenage, est par exemple de 6 ml/min pour obtenir les formes striées de la figure 2b tandis qu'elle est de 12 ml/mn pour les formes gougées de la figure 4a.The wooden element 3 is placed on the table 11 of the planer 10. It is translated according to the direction of travel F corresponding to the longitudinal direction of said element 3. The speed of travel, also called feed speed, is for example of 6 ml/min to obtain the striated forms of the figure 2b while it is 12 ml/min for the gouged forms of the figure 4a .

A titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, pour les formes gougées, la vitesse de rotation des arbres 12A et 12B est de 8 500 t/min, l'amplitude de déplacement axial des arbres 12A et 12B est de 37 mm, la vitesse de déplacement axial de l'arbre 12A est de 125 mm/seconde tandis que celle de l'arbre 12B est de 125 mm/seconde.By way of non-limiting example, for the gouged shapes, the speed of rotation of the shafts 12A and 12B is 8,500 rpm, the amplitude of axial displacement of the shafts 12A and 12B is 37 mm, the speed of displacement axial of the shaft 12A is 125 mm/second while that of the shaft 12B is 125 mm/second.

Les arbres 12A et 12B sont en outre mobile en translation verticale, avec une amplitude de 1,5 mm.Shafts 12A and 12B are also movable in vertical translation, with an amplitude of 1.5 mm.

Dans l'autre exemple de réalisation de l'invention, pour fournir des formes striées selon la figure 2b, la corroyeuse 10 ne met en œuvre qu'un seul arbre. La vitesse d'amenage est de 10 ml/min.In the other exemplary embodiment of the invention, to provide ridged shapes according to the figure 2b , the planer 10 uses only one shaft. The feed rate is 10 ml/min.

La vitesse de rotation de l'arbre est de 8 500 tr/min.The shaft rotation speed is 8500 rpm.

L'amplitude de déplacement axial est de l'ordre de 30 mm, et la vitesse de déplacement axial de 30 mm/seconde.The amplitude of axial displacement is of the order of 30 mm, and the speed of axial displacement of 30 mm/second.

Claims (12)

  1. A method for manufacturing a spindly wood element (3) having at least one textured surface after machining including relief geometric shapes (4, 40) asymmetrically extending on the surface of the spindly element and randomly and non-repeatedly distributed on the entirety of said surface at least in a surface distribution and/or in thickness/depth, such that said machining is performed by virtue of the translation of the spindly element (3) along a travelling direction (F) corresponding to the longitudinal direction of said element, preferably on a facer-planer (10), and the implementation of at least one machining tool (13A, 13B, 13C, 13D) arranged on at least one rotating shaft (12A, 12B) extending in a direction transverse to the travelling direction (F), the shaft (12A, 12B) being on the one hand rotatably movable in a direction opposite to the travelling direction (F) of the element and on the other hand axially translationally movable, transversely to the travelling direction (F), and characterised in that the element is dedicated to the manufacture of a staircase handrail and in that the machining tool (13A, 13B, 13C, 13D) includes a knife (14A, 14B, 14C, 14D) the profile of which includes unevenly alternating recesses and convexities with cutting edges.
  2. The manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, further characterised in that the rotating shaft is vertically, so-called radially, translatably movable.
  3. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the travelling speed of the spindly element, the speed of rotation of the shaft, and the axial movement speed and amplitude of the shaft, are variable.
  4. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radial movement speed and amplitude of the shaft are variable.
  5. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the relief shapes (4, 40) have a variable height, preferably of at most 5 mm relative to the deepest cavity, even more preferably of at most 2 mm.
  6. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the relief shapes (4, 40) have ridges with a rounded or flattened apex (6A, 6B, 6C).
  7. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the relief shapes (4, 40) have apices (6A, 6B, 6C, 40), hollows or cavities (5, 50), and faces (7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E), the faces extending in planes between the apex and the bottom of an adjacent cavity, which have different angles (α', β', αA, αB, αC) relative to the planar surface (S) of the wood taken as a reference before machining the element.
  8. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the relief shapes (4) have spindly profiles spaced apart by a random distance (e) of between 2.5 and 12 mm, with the general appearance of asymmetrical sinusoidal type undulations, in particular the spindly profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the wood element (3).
  9. The manufacturing method according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the relief shapes (40) have embossed profiles with alternating hollows (50), the shapes (40) defining upper borders with closed contours (9) and an uneven geometry.
  10. The manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the textured surface of the element (3) includes a finish coating such as a lacquer or patina, and/or a fluorescent coating.
  11. A staircase handrail manufactured using the manufacturing method according to any of the preceding claims.
  12. A staircase including at least one handrail according to claim 11.
EP17151438.3A 2016-01-13 2017-01-13 Wooden elongate element for stair construction and method for manufacturing such an element Active EP3192625B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1650241A FR3046561B1 (en) 2016-01-13 2016-01-13 WOOD LONGILINE ELEMENT DEDICATED TO STAIR MANUFACTURING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A MEMBER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3192625A1 EP3192625A1 (en) 2017-07-19
EP3192625B1 true EP3192625B1 (en) 2022-10-19

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EP17151438.3A Active EP3192625B1 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-01-13 Wooden elongate element for stair construction and method for manufacturing such an element

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EP (1) EP3192625B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3046561B1 (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1550848A (en) * 1923-08-11 1925-08-25 Schrade George Knife-handle-stagging machine
US2829686A (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-04-08 Eugene M Hecht Device for forming curved grooves in wood
US2940489A (en) * 1955-02-07 1960-06-14 Feiner Richard Milling machine for graining panels
US3703198A (en) * 1968-09-13 1972-11-21 Champion Int Corp Apparatus for making textured panels
DE3825340A1 (en) * 1988-03-09 1989-09-28 Koch Hubert Josef DEVICE FOR MILLING SURFACE STRUCTURES IN WOODEN BOARDS
US4949768A (en) * 1988-09-22 1990-08-21 Hearthstone Builders, Inc. Log surface hewing process and associate surface hewing machine
US5058641A (en) * 1990-07-20 1991-10-22 Hearthstone Builders, Inc. Log surface hewing process
US20110139307A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-16 Tappan John Colhouer Distressing process and apparatus for applying such process

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1289619A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-09-20
DE102006024305B3 (en) * 2006-05-24 2007-10-25 Flooring Technologies Ltd. Panel production method involves heating embossing roll from two hundred to five hundred degree celsius, where panel is introduced between embossing roll and counter roll
US20100304089A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-02 Tryggvi Magnusson Manufactured Wood Boards Having a Distressed Appearance
CN203022290U (en) 2012-10-22 2013-06-26 吕新印 Massage floor block

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1550848A (en) * 1923-08-11 1925-08-25 Schrade George Knife-handle-stagging machine
US2940489A (en) * 1955-02-07 1960-06-14 Feiner Richard Milling machine for graining panels
US2829686A (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-04-08 Eugene M Hecht Device for forming curved grooves in wood
US3703198A (en) * 1968-09-13 1972-11-21 Champion Int Corp Apparatus for making textured panels
DE3825340A1 (en) * 1988-03-09 1989-09-28 Koch Hubert Josef DEVICE FOR MILLING SURFACE STRUCTURES IN WOODEN BOARDS
US4949768A (en) * 1988-09-22 1990-08-21 Hearthstone Builders, Inc. Log surface hewing process and associate surface hewing machine
US5058641A (en) * 1990-07-20 1991-10-22 Hearthstone Builders, Inc. Log surface hewing process
US20110139307A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-16 Tappan John Colhouer Distressing process and apparatus for applying such process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3046561A1 (en) 2017-07-14
EP3192625A1 (en) 2017-07-19
FR3046561B1 (en) 2018-06-22

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