EP3189195B1 - High-rise building with a number of n floors and a vent shaft - Google Patents

High-rise building with a number of n floors and a vent shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3189195B1
EP3189195B1 EP15754170.7A EP15754170A EP3189195B1 EP 3189195 B1 EP3189195 B1 EP 3189195B1 EP 15754170 A EP15754170 A EP 15754170A EP 3189195 B1 EP3189195 B1 EP 3189195B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
shaft
floor
fire
rise building
stairwell
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EP15754170.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3189195A1 (en
Inventor
Horst A. Ermer
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Swiss Raltec GmbH
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Swiss Raltec GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F24F11/34Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by opening air passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0005Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create underpressure in a room, keeping contamination inside

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-rise building with a number n of floors, with a staircase that is connected via staircase doors to the individual floors and with an anteroom per floor, the one of the staircase doors connected to the stairwell and an entrance door with a use unit of the floor, as well as a method for operating this high-rise building.
  • the escape routes In case of fire, the escape routes, ie the stairwell, must be kept smoke-free.
  • overpressure ventilation systems pressure differential systems
  • the stairwells are pressurized. For this purpose, supply air via fans is introduced as homogeneously as possible over the entire height into the stairwell.
  • a suitable device is made of EP 2 337 912 B1 known.
  • the stairwell is vertically divided by at least one bulkhead into a plurality of subspaces and is provided for a passage from a subspace in the adjacent subspace each have a door.
  • EP 2 337 912 B1 belongs fully to the disclosure of the present application. It describes a skyscraper with an overpressure system. In the event of a fire, an overpressure is created in the stairwell in relation to the usage units, so that smoke from a usage unit can not penetrate into the stairwell. A supply air duct is used.
  • the air introduced must be controlled by an entrance hall located between the stairwell and a use unit and the usage unit, preferably an anteroom of the usage unit , flow away.
  • the technical regulations demand a flow velocity of more than 1 m / s or 2 m / s through the open door of the vestibule.
  • structural Abströmux be created. Outflow can take place via the open windows in the façade or via internal discharge shafts with floor-to-ceiling normally closed outflow devices.
  • An elevator shaft is used as the discharge shaft. It has a small, constantly open opening in the area of the shaft head and is closed at the bottom. Fresh air is blown into the stairwell from below via a fan if a fire occurs. So that the air pressure in the stairwell is always greater than in the adjacent rooms, at least one overpressure flap is provided in the outflow path. It opens only so far that the pressure in the staircase is greater than in the adjacent rooms of the floors.
  • a disadvantage is the use of the elevator shaft as Abströmschacht, since the path of the outflowing air depends on the position of the elevator and is not predictable.
  • a separate Abströmschacht is provided in him a fan is introduced, which is turned on in case of fire and generates a negative pressure in the discharge shaft. As a result, it causes a flow of air in the fire floor.
  • This skyscraper is characterized by the fact that it takes account of a manhole effect in the discharge shaft, uses it and modifies it so that there are favorable conditions for the introduction of air from a fire floor into the discharge shaft. It should, for example, a suction effect can occur, as he from water jet pumps is known. According to the known barometric height formula, a pressure difference between the shaft head and manhole foot is established in a vertical shaft, that is also in the discharge shaft. This leads to a flow in the shaft when manhole base and shaft head are not closed. The current is generally directed from bottom to top, but it may also reverse, especially in winter.
  • the air flow in the outflow is preferably monitored, this is done by at least one Beeriquess- and speed flow meter, which is arranged in the discharge shaft and there detects the flow velocity and direction of the ascending or descending flow.
  • the control is again so that the outflow in the individual floors does not differ significantly. Reference is the case of a house under 40 m.
  • the outflow conditions are substantially independent of the number of floors and thus the height of the respective fire floors.
  • the differences in the height of the individual floors are not noticeable. In other words, the differences that may occur between the first and last floors are considered tolerable. For higher skyscrapers, these differences should occur at most.
  • the increasing differences with increasing number of floors will be counteracted. Care is taken to ensure that a flow is always maintained in the discharge shaft. The flow must not be zero, but it should not be greater than a maximum value, this in both directions. This ensures that, regardless of the height of the fire floor always entrainment of the effluent from the fire floor air.
  • the regulation is such that the differences remain in the range, as they occur at a building height of up to 40 meters.
  • a homogeneity of the inflow into the discharge shaft is achieved, regardless of the height of the fire floor.
  • the discharge shaft preferably has a constant cross section over the entire height. He may also have a non-constant cross-section.
  • the discharge shaft is preferably fire-resistant. Preferably, it has a vertical shaft axis. The specified area of at least 0.6 m 2 or at least 1 m 2 for houses over 40 m depends on the ventilation design of the entire system.
  • the outflow device is preferably designed as a wing flap or flap.
  • the outflow device is also referred to as Schachtabströmklappe. It is standardized according to DIN EN 12101-8. Normally it is tightly closed. It has a motor drive to move it in case of fire in the open position. A manual emergency release is provided.
  • the outflow at the shaft head is preferably designed as a dome light or double flap, it is released in each case the entire cross-section in the open state.
  • a fan may be provided instead of the dome light or double flap, possibly also in addition to a dome light or double flap.
  • a wind-driven permanently rotating fan placed on the shaft head to start the flow in the shaft or support.
  • an electrically driven, preferably reversible fan can be placed on the shaft head or placed in the immediate vicinity of the shaft head under the skylight or double flap additionally. The flow in the shaft is set in motion with this fan depending on the density of the air.
  • the fan is used as a deceleration device (brake element).
  • at least one electric motor driven, preferably reversible directional thrust fan can be used to initiate the Schachtabström bines depending on the shaft height. It is preferably arranged in the shaft at 1/3 or 2/3 of the shaft height or in between. It occupies as little as possible cross-sectional area of the discharge shaft, for example less than 20%, preferably less than 10%.
  • the outflow device can be brought into intermediate positions between a closed and a full opening state.
  • the closing means is designed to be controllable at the shaft foot, so that intermediate positions can also be set between the complete opening and the normally present, complete closure.
  • This is preferably motor feasible.
  • the supply air opening at the manhole base is preferably adjustable, it may for example be provided with adjustable elements Gliederlementen.
  • Airflow and velocity flowmeters can be any of the sensors that detect airflow and its direction simultaneously or in combination. Normally anemometers are used. Air direction and velocity flow meters are also referred to as anemometers, they are measuring instruments for the local measurement of the velocity of a gaseous flow and its direction, possibly also of the detected current.
  • Thrust fans are blowers. They have a strong air projection and blow air in one direction. They are also used, for example, in tunnels, multi-storey car parks and underground garages, where they blow smoke and combustion gases specifically in one direction or in those areas of the building in which machines are used Smoke evacuation systems are provided. Shear fans are also referred to as JET fans. They are standardized in EN 12101-3.
  • the flow rate at the level of the fire floor is regulated in such a way that permanent overpressure in the floor is prevented. It is thus avoided that smoke from the fire floor can penetrate into the rescue route.
  • the data determined by the air-direction and velocity flow meters are processed in the controller. As a result, it can control the outflow devices, the outflow means and possibly existing fans, as well as the supply air opening, so that a modified shaft effect occurs.
  • Modified manhole effect means the manhole effect is fixed. It should be achieved a flow in the discharge shaft, which is not above a predetermined value in any flow direction. Its value lies within what is known as a shaft flow in a building under 40 m. Preferably, this flow is greater than zero.
  • the total height is less than 40 m. Shown is the condition with a fire on the first floor.
  • a light dome 34 is provided in the staircase 20, it is arranged in the roof area. Through it light falls from above into the staircase 20. It is drawn in the open state. It is assigned a servomotor.
  • Air in the direction of arrow 36 is blown into the supply air duct 22 via the intake device 24 as soon as a fire is detected. Air then flows through the supply air duct 22, enters the staircase 20 in the region of the at least one inlet flap 32, see arrow 38. This results in the staircase 20, an overpressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. From the staircase 20, the air can flow through the open dome light 34 according to the arrow 40 upwards. Other ways of entering the supply air into the stairwell and the exit of the supply air from the staircase 20 are possible. So shows Fig. 1 also an inflow of air according to the arrow 41 directly into the staircase 20. This solution is advantageous if no supply air duct 22 is provided. It can be combined with the blowing through a supply duct 22.
  • the staircase 20 is connected to the individual floors 42 each via a stairwell door 44.
  • Each floor 42 which is designed as a utility floor, has an anteroom 46, also called a lobby, and a usage unit 52.
  • the stairwell door connects each of the staircase 20 with the associated Anteroom 36 of the respective floor 42.
  • An anteroom 46 is connected via an anteroom door 50 with the associated use unit 52 of the floor. Normally, the doors 44, 50 are closed. They each open to the staircase 20, see Fig. 1 ,
  • a discharge shaft 54 is provided in the area of the utilization units 52. It has a shaft head 56 above the highest floor and a shaft foot 58 in the area of the lowest floors, preferably below the zeroth floor.
  • the discharge shaft 54 extends over the height of the building. Preferably, it extends over a height, as it has the supply air duct 22.
  • a discharge means is provided in the area of the shaft head 56.
  • a discharge means is provided in the area of the shaft head 56.
  • Fig. 1 it has a double flap 64. It is associated with motor drives, one drive for each flap.
  • the double flap 64 releases the entire cross section of the discharge shaft 54.
  • the double flap 64 is closed.
  • the outflow means has a second fan 66. It is arranged below the double flap 64 in the discharge chute 54. With open double flap 64, it can promote air up or down. It is preferably reversible.
  • the shaft base 58 of the discharge shaft 54 is normally closed.
  • a discharge 60 is also provided in the basement a discharge 60.
  • a control device 68 is housed. It is connected to all the described mechanical parts, ie the suction device 24 and its individual parts 26, 28 and 30, the at least one inlet flap 32, the dome 34, the individual outflow devices 60, the double flap 64, the second fan 66.
  • the fire condition is communicated by the local smoke detector 62 of the controller 68.
  • the staircase 20 is now under pressure over atmospheric pressure.
  • air flows into the utilization unit from there via the open outflow device 60 of this floor through the discharge chute 54 upwards. It leaves the discharge chute 54 through the at least partially opened double flap 64. It can be promoted by the second fan 66 or braked.
  • the airflow in the fire floor should be greater than 1.0 m / s, it may be 2.0 m / s.
  • a shaft light dome 70 is provided, which is similar to the dome light 34 and also driven by a motor.
  • the second fan 66 may be omitted.
  • a wind-driven ventilator 80 is provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 instead of the double flap 64 according to FIG. 1, a wind-driven ventilator 80 is provided.
  • a closing device in addition, which closes the discharge shaft at the shaft head 56, if there is a fire.
  • FIG. 4 indicates extensive agreement with the embodiment FIG. 1 on. Everything that is already provided there, is also in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 available. Due to the larger building height, there are several additional facilities, which will be discussed below: There is now a larger number of inlet valves 32 are provided. It has proven to be advantageous to provide inflow flaps 32 every two to twelve or every two to eight levels.
  • the shaft base 58 is located on this floor.
  • a supply air flap 82 also called supply air opening provided. It is normally closed. It can be opened via an assigned engine.
  • the supply air flap 82 can be configured as desired, for example, as a blind, one or Moglige flap. Preferably, it is adjustable between the state of complete opening and in the normal state complete closing in intermediate positions.
  • the thrust fan 86 is preferably reversible in its working direction. Preferably, its power can be adjusted, at least in stages.
  • the outflow device 60 are configured differently, for example, with the devices according to FIG. 2 and / or after FIG. 3 ,
  • the discharge shaft 54 has in a house with less than 40 meters in total height, so accordingly FIG. 1 , a clear cross-section of at least 0.6 m 2 , in higher houses, as in FIG. 4 shown, at least 1 m 2 .
  • the discharge shaft 54 is fireproof.
  • the outflow devices 60 are also formed fireproof.
  • flap is understood to mean any valve. It is normally in the closed state and can be opened, driven by the control device 68. There are other designs than the above-described embodiments of the valve possible and known in the art.
  • a supply duct 22 as shown in the two embodiments may be present, but need not necessarily be present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Description

Hochhaus mit einer Anzahl von n Etagen und mit einem Abströmschacht Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Hochhaus mit einer Anzahl n von Etagen, mit einem Treppenhaus, das über Treppenhaustüren mit den einzelnen Etagen verbunden ist und mit einem Vorraum pro Etage, der über eine der Treppenhaustüren mit dem Treppenhaus und über eine Vorraumtür mit einer Nutzungseinheit der Etage verbunden ist, sowie auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben dieses Hochhauses.The invention relates to a high-rise building with a number n of floors, with a staircase that is connected via staircase doors to the individual floors and with an anteroom per floor, the one of the staircase doors connected to the stairwell and an entrance door with a use unit of the floor, as well as a method for operating this high-rise building.

Aus der EP 2 5 00663 A1 sind ein Hochhaus nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 12 bekannt.From the EP 2 5 00663 A1 are a high-rise building according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 12 are known.

Im Brandfall müssen die Rettungswege, also das Treppenhaus, rauchfrei gehalten werden. Zur Rauchfreihaltung der Rettungswege werden in Hochhäusern sogenannte Überdrucklüftungsanlagen (pressure differential systems) eingesetzt. Die Treppenräume werden mit Überdruck beaufschlagt. Hierzu wird Zuluft über Ventilatoren möglichst homogen über die gesamte Höhe in den Treppenraum eingebracht. Eine hierzu geeignete Vorrichtung ist aus EP 2 337 912 B1 bekannt. Dabei wird das Treppenhaus durch mindestens einen Schott vertikal in mehrere Teilräume unterteilt und ist für eine Passage aus einem Teilraum in den benachbarten Teilraum jeweils eine Tür vorgesehen.In case of fire, the escape routes, ie the stairwell, must be kept smoke-free. In order to keep the escape routes free from smoke, so-called overpressure ventilation systems (pressure differential systems) are used in high-rise buildings. The stairwells are pressurized. For this purpose, supply air via fans is introduced as homogeneously as possible over the entire height into the stairwell. A suitable device is made of EP 2 337 912 B1 known. In this case, the stairwell is vertically divided by at least one bulkhead into a plurality of subspaces and is provided for a passage from a subspace in the adjacent subspace each have a door.

Die genannte EP 2 337 912 B1 gehört vollumfänglich zum Offenbarungsgehalt der vorliegenden Anmeldung. Sie beschreibt ein Hochhaus mit einer Überdruckanlage. In einem Brandfall wird im Treppenhaus ein Überdruck gegenüber den Nutzungseinheiten erstellt, so dass Rauch aus einer Nutzungseinheit nicht in das Treppenhaus dringen kann. Es wird ein Zuluftschacht verwendet.The named EP 2 337 912 B1 belongs fully to the disclosure of the present application. It describes a skyscraper with an overpressure system. In the event of a fire, an overpressure is created in the stairwell in relation to the usage units, so that smoke from a usage unit can not penetrate into the stairwell. A supply air duct is used.

Um die jeweils geltenden Vorschriften zu erfüllen, siehe z.B. EN 12101-6 bzw. Entwurf pr EN 12101-13 sowie nationale Bauvorschriften, muss die eingebrachte Luft kontrolliert über einen zwischen dem Treppenhaus und einer Nutzungseinheit befindlichen Vorraum und der Nutzungseinheit, vorzugsweise einem Vorraum der Nutzungseinheit, abströmen. Als Strömungsgeschwindigkeit werden von den technischen Regelwerken durch die geöffnete Tür des Vorraums je nach Szenarium zwischen mehr als 1 m/s bzw. 2 m/s gefordert. Damit eine derartige Abströmung möglich ist, müssen bauliche Abströmmöglichkeiten geschaffen werden. Ein Abströmen kann über die geöffneten Fenster in der Fassade oder über innenliegende Abströmschächte mit etagenweise zu öffnenden, normalerweise geschlossenen Abströmeinrichtungen erfolgen.In order to comply with the applicable regulations, see eg EN 12101-6 or draft pr EN 12101-13 and national building regulations, the air introduced must be controlled by an entrance hall located between the stairwell and a use unit and the usage unit, preferably an anteroom of the usage unit , flow away. Depending on the scenario, the technical regulations demand a flow velocity of more than 1 m / s or 2 m / s through the open door of the vestibule. For such outflow is possible, structural Abströmmöglichkeiten be created. Outflow can take place via the open windows in the façade or via internal discharge shafts with floor-to-ceiling normally closed outflow devices.

Nach dem Stand der Technik, siehe beispielsweise DE 198 48 736 A1 wird als Abströmschacht ein Aufzugsschacht verwendet. Er hat eine kleine, ständig offene Öffnung im Bereich des Schachtkopfes und ist unten abgeschlossen. In das Treppenhaus wird von unten wird über einen Ventilator Frischluft eingeblasen, wenn ein Brandfall auftritt. Damit der Luftdruck im Treppenhaus stets größer ist als in den angrenzenden Räumen, ist wenigstens eine Überdruckklappe im Abströmweg vorgesehen. Sie öffnet nur soweit, dass der Druck im Treppenhaus größer ist als in den angrenzenden Räumen der Etagen. Nachteilig ist die Verwendung des Aufzugsschacht als Abströmschacht, da der Weg der abströmenden Luft von der Position des Aufzugs abhängt und nicht vorhersagbar ist.According to the prior art, see for example DE 198 48 736 A1 An elevator shaft is used as the discharge shaft. It has a small, constantly open opening in the area of the shaft head and is closed at the bottom. Fresh air is blown into the stairwell from below via a fan if a fire occurs. So that the air pressure in the stairwell is always greater than in the adjacent rooms, at least one overpressure flap is provided in the outflow path. It opens only so far that the pressure in the staircase is greater than in the adjacent rooms of the floors. A disadvantage is the use of the elevator shaft as Abströmschacht, since the path of the outflowing air depends on the position of the elevator and is not predictable.

Nach einer anderen Lösung ist ein separater Abströmschacht vorgesehen, in ihn ist ein Ventilator eingebracht, der im Brandfall angeschaltet wird und der einen Unterdruck im Abströmschacht erzeugt. Dadurch bewirkt er eine Luftströmung in der Brandetage.According to another solution, a separate Abströmschacht is provided in him a fan is introduced, which is turned on in case of fire and generates a negative pressure in the discharge shaft. As a result, it causes a flow of air in the fire floor.

Problematisch ist in beiden Fällen, dass durch die Geometrie des Abströmschachtes die Abströmverhältnisse über die Höhe stark beeinflusst werden. Bei einem Ventilator wird aufgrund des zunehmenden Widerstandes von Schacht und Abströmöffnungen mit zunehmender Saughöhe die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf den unteren Etagen geringer sein als in den oberen Etagen, möglicherweise in den unteren Etagen ganz zum Erliegen kommen. Bei der Lösung nach der genannten DE 198 48 736 A1 kann es zu unterschiedlichen Druckverhältnissen im Treppenhaus kommen, was dazu führen kann, dass Türen schwer zu öffnen sind.It is problematic in both cases that the outflow conditions over the height are strongly influenced by the geometry of the outflow shaft. With a fan, due to the increasing resistance of the shaft and outflow openings with increasing suction height, the flow velocity on the lower levels will be lower than in the upper levels, possibly completely coming to a standstill in the lower levels. In the solution according to the above DE 198 48 736 A1 This can lead to different pressure conditions in the stairwell, which can lead to doors being difficult to open.

Insbesondere dann, wenn für die Abströmung aus einer Etage keine Drucksensoren vorgesehen sind, kann es zur Ausbildung von Unterdruck in der Brandetage kommen. Dies kann dazu führen, dass Rauch aus dem Brandraum in die Rettungswege gelangt und sogar gesaugt wird. Damit sind die Rettungswege verloren, eine Personenrettung ohne Hilfsmittel der Feuerwehr ist nicht mehr möglich.In particular, when no pressure sensors are provided for the outflow from a floor, it can lead to the formation of negative pressure in the fire floor. This can lead to smoke from the fire area getting into the escape routes and being even sucked. Thus, the escape routes are lost, a rescue without the aid of the fire department is no longer possible.

Nach dem Stand der Technik besteht zwischen Zuluft und Abluft einen Zusammenhang dergestalt, dass, wenn vom Treppenhaus aus gesehen eine Tür aufgeht, im Schacht der Ventilator entsprechend auf eine höhere Laufdrehzahl eingestellt wird, damit sich die Luftströmung in Gang setzt. In dem Augenblick, indem die Tür wieder geschlossen wird, muss das gesamte Regelsystem sowohl im Zuluftbereich als auch im Abluftbereich die Drehzahl wieder runter regeln, und zwar möglichst innerhalb von 3 Sekunden. Das ist die Vorschrift nach der Norm. Das ist ein immenser Regelaufwand, denn die Regelung bezieht sich auf das Gesamtsystem und bezogen auf Brandetage.According to the prior art, there is a relationship between supply air and exhaust air in such a way that, when viewed from the stairwell, a door rises, the fan is correspondingly set to a higher running speed in the shaft, so that the air flow is set in motion. At the moment when the door is closed again, the entire control system must regulate the speed both in the supply air as well as in the exhaust air area again, if possible within 3 seconds. That's the norm. This is an immense regulatory effort, because the regulation refers to the overall system and related to fire.

Kritisch und nachteilig im Stand der Technik ist insbesondere die komplizierte Regeltechnik von Zuluft, Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und höhenabhängiger Saugleistung von Ventilatoren. Es wird mit sehr geringen Differenzdrücken kleiner als 5 Pa zwischen der Zuluft- und Abluftseite gearbeitet. Die Regelung muss entsprechend feinfühlig ausgelegt sein. Diese Technik ist komplex und ist auch störanfällig. Es kommt immer wieder zu Problemen bei der Regelung aufgrund der vielen einzelnen, vom Druck abhängigen Regelvorgänge von Zuluftventilator, Abluftventilator, Schließ- und Öffnungsvorrichtungen der Türen im Treppenraum und im Vorraum usw..Critical and disadvantageous in the prior art is in particular the complicated control technology of supply air, flow rates and height-dependent suction of fans. It works with very low differential pressures less than 5 Pa between the supply and exhaust side. The control must be designed accordingly sensitively. This technique is complex and also prone to failure. There are always problems in the control due to the many individual, dependent on the pressure control processes of supply fan, exhaust fan, closing and opening devices of the doors in the stairwell and in the anteroom, etc ..

Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein. Sie hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die Abströmeinrichtungen von Hochhäusern dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass die Regelvorgänge deutlich vereinfacht werden, dass weniger und einfachere Sensoren eingesetzt werden können und daher erheblich an Verkabelung eingespart wird, und dass die Abströmeinrichtung weitgehend unabhängig ist von der Zuströmeinrichtung, wie letztere z.B. aus der EP 2 337 912 B1 bekannt ist.This is where the invention begins. It has set itself the task of developing the discharge of high-rise buildings to the effect that the control operations are significantly simplified, that less and simpler sensors can be used and therefore significantly saved on wiring, and that the outflow device is largely independent of the inflow, such as the latter eg from the EP 2 337 912 B1 is known.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Hochhaus mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12.This object is achieved by a skyscraper having the features of claim 1 and the method having the features of claim 12.

Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.Further developments are the subject of dependent claims.

Dieses Hochhaus zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es einen Schachteffekt im Abströmschacht berücksichtigt, nutzt und so modifiziert, dass für die Einleitung von Luft aus einer Brandetage in den Abströmschacht günstige Verhältnisse vorliegen. Es soll zum Beispiel ein Ansaugeffekt auftreten können, wie er aus Wasserstrahlpumpen bekannt ist. Nach der bekannten barometrischen Höhenformel stellt sich in einem vertikalen Schacht, also auch in dem Abströmschacht, eine Druckdifferenz zwischen Schachtkopf und Schachtfuß ein. Dies führt zu einer Strömung im Schacht, wenn Schachtfuß und Schachtkopf nicht verschlossen sind. Die Strömung ist im Allgemeinen von unten nach oben gerichtet, sie kann sich aber auch, insbesondere im Winter, umkehren.This skyscraper is characterized by the fact that it takes account of a manhole effect in the discharge shaft, uses it and modifies it so that there are favorable conditions for the introduction of air from a fire floor into the discharge shaft. It should, for example, a suction effect can occur, as he from water jet pumps is known. According to the known barometric height formula, a pressure difference between the shaft head and manhole foot is established in a vertical shaft, that is also in the discharge shaft. This leads to a flow in the shaft when manhole base and shaft head are not closed. The current is generally directed from bottom to top, but it may also reverse, especially in winter.

Bei Gebäudehöhen über 40 Metern wird die Luftströmung im Abströmschaft vorzugsweise überwacht, dies geschieht durch mindestens einen Luftrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsströmungsmesser, der im Abströmschacht angeordnet ist und dort die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Richtung der auf- oder absteigenden Strömung erfasst. Die Regelung erfolgt wieder so, dass die Abströmung in den einzelnen Etagen nicht erheblich voneinander abweicht. Referenz hierfür ist der Fall eines Hauses unter 40 m.For building heights over 40 meters, the air flow in the outflow is preferably monitored, this is done by at least one Luftrichtungs- and speed flow meter, which is arranged in the discharge shaft and there detects the flow velocity and direction of the ascending or descending flow. The control is again so that the outflow in the individual floors does not differ significantly. Reference is the case of a house under 40 m.

Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik wird erreicht, dass die Abströmverhältnisse im Wesentlichen unabhängig von der Zahl der Etagen und damit der Höhe der jeweiligen Brandetage sind. Bei Hochhäusern unter 40 Metern Gebäudehöhe machen sich die Unterschiede in der Höhe der einzelnen Etagen nicht bemerkbar. Anders ausgedrückt werden die Unterschiede, die zwischen der ersten und der letzten Etage auftreten können, als tolerierbar angesehen. Bei höheren Hochhäusern sollen maximal diese Unterschiede auftreten. Den mit wachsender Geschosszahl größer werdenden Unterschieden wird entgegengewirkt. Es wird darauf geachtet, dass im Abströmschacht stets eine Strömung aufrechterhalten wird. Die Strömung darf nicht null sein, sie soll aber auch nicht größer als ein Maximalwert sein, dies in beiden Richtungen. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass unabhängig von der Höhe der Brandetage stets eine Mitnahme der aus der Brandetage abströmenden Luft erfolgt. Die Regelung erfolgt so, dass die Unterschiede in dem Bereich bleiben, wie sie bei einer Gebäudehöhe bis ca. 40 Meter auftreten.In contrast to the prior art it is achieved that the outflow conditions are substantially independent of the number of floors and thus the height of the respective fire floors. For high-rise buildings less than 40 meters high, the differences in the height of the individual floors are not noticeable. In other words, the differences that may occur between the first and last floors are considered tolerable. For higher skyscrapers, these differences should occur at most. The increasing differences with increasing number of floors will be counteracted. Care is taken to ensure that a flow is always maintained in the discharge shaft. The flow must not be zero, but it should not be greater than a maximum value, this in both directions. This ensures that, regardless of the height of the fire floor always entrainment of the effluent from the fire floor air. The regulation is such that the differences remain in the range, as they occur at a building height of up to 40 meters.

Erreicht wird eine Homogenität der Einströmung in den Abströmschacht unabhängig von der Höhe der Brandetage. Es liegt vorzugsweise jeweils eine homogene Abströmgeschwindigkeit im Abströmschacht vor, egal in welcher Richtung im Abströmschacht die Luft strömt. Der Abströmschacht hat vorzugsweise einen konstanten Querschnitt über die gesamte Höhe. Er kann auch einen nicht konstanten Querschnitt haben.A homogeneity of the inflow into the discharge shaft is achieved, regardless of the height of the fire floor. There is preferably in each case a homogeneous outflow velocity in the discharge chute, no matter in which direction the air flows in the discharge chute. The discharge shaft preferably has a constant cross section over the entire height. He may also have a non-constant cross-section.

In kinematischer Umkehr kann statt Überdruck auch mit Unterdruck gearbeitet werden. Es gibt eine Unterscheidung zwischen Überdruck- und Unterdrucksystemen, siehe EN 12101 Teil 6. In Kontinentaleuropa herrschen Überdrucksysteme vor, wo hingegen z.B. in England oder auch in anderen Staaten zum Teil mit Unterdrucksystemen gearbeitet wird. Im Grunde ist es das umgekehrte System vom Überdrucksystem. Man kann in diesem Fall auf die Zuluft im Treppenraum verzichten als ventilatorgestützte Zuluft, da man davon ausgeht, dass die Zuluft frei nachströmt, z.B. auf der Brandetage über die geöffneten Türen zwischen dem Treppenraumvorraum und Vorraum Nutzung. Das heißt, man baut einen Unterdruck auf im Bereich der Brandetage und dadurch versucht man den Rettungsweg, also das Treppenhaus, rauchfrei zu halten. Es ist also nur eine umgekehrte Logik anzuwenden zu dem Fall, dass von einem Überdruck im Treppenhaus ausgegangen wird und durch diesen Überdruck der Rauch nicht in das Treppenhaus eindringen kann. In beiden Fällen versucht man, das Treppenhaus von Rauch freizuhalten und Luft über ein Unterdrucksystem oder durch ein Überdrucksystem abfließen zu lassen.In kinematic reversal, it is also possible to work with negative pressure instead of overpressure. There is a distinction between positive and negative pressure systems, see EN 12101 part 6. In continental Europe, overpressure systems prevail, whereas where e.g. in England or in other countries is partly worked with vacuum systems. Basically, it is the reverse system of the overpressure system. In this case, it is possible to dispense with the supply air in the stairwell as fan-assisted supply air, since it is assumed that the supply air flows freely, e.g. on the fire floor over the open doors between the stairwell anteroom and entrance hall usage. This means that you build a vacuum in the area of the fire floor and thus trying to keep the rescue route, so the stairwell, smoke-free. It is therefore only a reverse logic to apply in the event that it is assumed that an overpressure in the stairwell and by this overpressure, the smoke can not penetrate into the stairwell. In both cases, attempts are made to keep the stairwell free of smoke and to let air flow off via a vacuum system or through an overpressure system.

Unter einer Etage wird eine Etage mit einer Nutzungseinheit verstanden. In einer Nutzungseinheit können sich Personen aufhalten. Vorzugsweise gehört zum Begriff Etage auch eine Techniketage. Der Abströmschacht ist vorzugsweise feuerbeständig. Vorzugsweise hat er eine senkrechte Schachtachse. Die angegebene Fläche von mindestens 0,6 m2 bzw. mindestens 1 m2 bei Häusern über 40 m ist abhängig von der lufttechnischen Auslegung des Gesamtsystems.Under one floor is understood a floor with a usage unit. In a usage unit people can stay. Preferably, the term floor also includes a technical floor. The discharge shaft is preferably fire-resistant. Preferably, it has a vertical shaft axis. The specified area of at least 0.6 m 2 or at least 1 m 2 for houses over 40 m depends on the ventilation design of the entire system.

Die Abströmeinrichtung ist vorzugsweise als eine Flügel- oder Lamellenklappe ausgeführt. Die Abströmeinrichtung wird auch als Schachtabströmklappe bezeichnet. Sie ist nach DIN EN 12101-8 normiert. Im Normalfall ist sie dicht abgeschlossen. Sie hat einen motorischen Antrieb, um sie im Brandfall in die Öffnungsposition zu bewegen. Eine manuelle Notentriegelung ist vorgesehen.The outflow device is preferably designed as a wing flap or flap. The outflow device is also referred to as Schachtabströmklappe. It is standardized according to DIN EN 12101-8. Normally it is tightly closed. It has a motor drive to move it in case of fire in the open position. A manual emergency release is provided.

Das Abströmmittel am Schachtkopf ist vorzugsweise als eine Lichtkuppel oder Doppelklappe ausgeführt, es wird jeweils der gesamte Querschnitt im Öffnungszustand freigegeben. Alternativ kann anstelle der Lichtkuppel oder Doppelklappe ein Ventilator vorgesehen sein, gegebenenfalls auch in Ergänzung zu einer Lichtkuppel oder Doppelklappe. Bei Gebäudehöhen bis ca. 40 m wird vorzugsweise ein windgetriebener permanent drehender Ventilator auf den Schachtkopf aufgesetzt, um die Strömung im Schacht in Gang zu setzen beziehungsweise zu unterstützen. Bei Hochhäusern über 40 m kann zusätzlich unter der Lichtkuppel oder Doppelklappe ein elektrisch angetriebener, vorzugsweise richtungsumkehrbarer Ventilator auf den Schachtkopf aufgesetzt oder in unmittelbarer Nähe des Schachtkopfes angeordnet werden. Die Strömung im Schacht wird mit diesem Ventilator je nach Dichte der Luft gerichtet in Gang gesetzt. Bei zu starker Strömung im Abströmschacht wird der Ventilator als Verzögerungsmittel (Bremselement) genutzt. Alternativ kann zur Ingangsetzung des Schachtabströmeffektes in Abhängigkeit von der Schachthöhe mindestens ein elektromotorisch angetriebener, vorzugsweise richtungsumkehrbarer Schubventilator eingesetzt werden. Er ist im Schacht vorzugsweise bei 1/3 oder 2/3 der Schachthöhe oder dazwischen angeordnet. Er nimmt möglichst wenig Querschnittsfläche des Abströmschachtes ein, beispielsweise weniger als 20 %, vorzugsweise weniger als 10 %.The outflow at the shaft head is preferably designed as a dome light or double flap, it is released in each case the entire cross-section in the open state. Alternatively, a fan may be provided instead of the dome light or double flap, possibly also in addition to a dome light or double flap. For building heights up to about 40 m is preferably a wind-driven permanently rotating fan placed on the shaft head to start the flow in the shaft or support. In high-rise buildings over 40 m, an electrically driven, preferably reversible fan can be placed on the shaft head or placed in the immediate vicinity of the shaft head under the skylight or double flap additionally. The flow in the shaft is set in motion with this fan depending on the density of the air. If there is too much flow in the discharge shaft, the fan is used as a deceleration device (brake element). Alternatively, at least one electric motor driven, preferably reversible directional thrust fan can be used to initiate the Schachtabströmeffektes depending on the shaft height. It is preferably arranged in the shaft at 1/3 or 2/3 of the shaft height or in between. It occupies as little as possible cross-sectional area of the discharge shaft, for example less than 20%, preferably less than 10%.

Vorzugsweise kann die Abströmeinrichtung zwischen einem Schließ- und einem vollständigen Öffnungszustand auch in Zwischenstellungen gebracht werden. Vorzugsweise ist das Schließmittel am Schachtfuß regelbar ausgeführt, sodass zwischen vollständiger Öffnung und normalerweise vorliegendem, vollständigem Verschluss auch Zwischenstellungen eingestellt werden können. Dies ist vorzugsweise motorisch durchführbar. Die Zuluftöffnung am Schachtfuß ist vorzugsweise einstellbar, sie kann beispielsweise mit regelbaren Gliederlementen versehen sein.Preferably, the outflow device can be brought into intermediate positions between a closed and a full opening state. Preferably, the closing means is designed to be controllable at the shaft foot, so that intermediate positions can also be set between the complete opening and the normally present, complete closure. This is preferably motor feasible. The supply air opening at the manhole base is preferably adjustable, it may for example be provided with adjustable elements Gliederlementen.

Als Luftrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsströmungsmesser können beliebige Sensoren eingesetzt werden, die gleichzeitig oder in Kombination im Luftstrom und seine Richtung erfassen. Normalerweise werden Anemometer eingesetzt. Luftrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsströmungsmesser werden auch als Windmesser bezeichnet, sie sind Messinstrumente zur lokalen Messung der Geschwindigkeit einer gasförmigen Strömung und ihrer Richtung, gegebenenfalls auch des erfassten Stroms.Airflow and velocity flowmeters can be any of the sensors that detect airflow and its direction simultaneously or in combination. Normally anemometers are used. Air direction and velocity flow meters are also referred to as anemometers, they are measuring instruments for the local measurement of the velocity of a gaseous flow and its direction, possibly also of the detected current.

Schubventilatoren sind Gebläse. Sie weisen eine starke Luftprojektion auf und blasen Luft gezielt in eine Richtung. Sie werden beispielsweise auch in Tunneln, Parkhäusern und Tiefgaragen eingesetzt, dort blasen sie Rauch und Brandgase gezielt in eine Richtung bzw. in jene Gebäudebereiche, in denen maschinelle Rauchabzugssysteme vorgesehen sind. Schubventilatoren werden auch als JET-Ventilatoren bezeichnet. Sie sind in EN 12101-3 normiert.Thrust fans are blowers. They have a strong air projection and blow air in one direction. They are also used, for example, in tunnels, multi-storey car parks and underground garages, where they blow smoke and combustion gases specifically in one direction or in those areas of the building in which machines are used Smoke evacuation systems are provided. Shear fans are also referred to as JET fans. They are standardized in EN 12101-3.

Durch die Regelung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Schacht wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Höhe der Brandetage derart geregelt, dass permanent ein Überdruck in der Etage verhindert wird. Es wird somit vermieden, dass Rauch aus der Brandetage in den Rettungsweg eindringen kann.By regulating the flow velocity in the shaft, the flow rate at the level of the fire floor is regulated in such a way that permanent overpressure in the floor is prevented. It is thus avoided that smoke from the fire floor can penetrate into the rescue route.

Die von den Luftrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsströmungsmessern ermittelten Daten werden in der Steuereinrichtung verarbeitet. Dadurch kann diese die Abströmeinrichtungen, das Abströmmittel und gegebenenfalls vorhandene Ventilatoren sowie die Zuluftöffnung so steuern, so dass ein modifizierter Schachteffekt eintritt. Modifizierter Schachteffekt bedeutet, dass der Schachteffekt geregelt ist. Es soll eine Strömung im Abströmschacht erreicht werden, die in keiner Strömungsrichtung oberhalb eines vorgegebenen Wertes liegt. Ihr Wert liegt innerhalb dessen, was bei einem Gebäude unter 40 m als Schachtströmung vorliegt. Vorzugsweise ist diese Strömung größer als null.The data determined by the air-direction and velocity flow meters are processed in the controller. As a result, it can control the outflow devices, the outflow means and possibly existing fans, as well as the supply air opening, so that a modified shaft effect occurs. Modified manhole effect means the manhole effect is fixed. It should be achieved a flow in the discharge shaft, which is not above a predetermined value in any flow direction. Its value lies within what is known as a shaft flow in a building under 40 m. Preferably, this flow is greater than zero.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, die nicht einschränkend zu verstehen sind, werden im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert und beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1: eine prinzipielle, schnittbildliche Darstellung eines Hochhauses mit n=13 Geschossen, gezeigt sind wesentliche Teile dieses Hauses, ein Abströmschacht weist oben eine Doppelklappe auf,
  • Figur 3: eine prinzipielle Darstellung einer Dachhaube, die anstelle der Doppelklappe gemäß Fig. 1 eingesetzt werden kann,
  • Figur 2: eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines windangetriebenen Ventilators, der anstelle der Doppelklappe gemäß Figur 1 eingesetzt werden kann,
  • Figur 4: eine schnittbildliche Darstellung ähnlich Figur 1 eines Hochhauses, nunmehr mit n=23 Geschossen.
Embodiments of the invention, which are not intended to be limiting, are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:
  • FIG. 1 : a schematic, sectional representation of a skyscraper with n = 13 floors, shown are essential parts of this house, a discharge shaft has a double flap on top,
  • FIG. 3 : a schematic representation of a roof hood, which instead of the double flap according to Fig. 1 can be used
  • FIG. 2 : a schematic representation of a wind-driven fan, instead of the double flap according to FIG. 1 can be used
  • FIG. 4 : a sectional image similar FIG. 1 a skyscraper, now with n = 23 floors.

Das Hochhaus nach Figur 1 hat eine Anzahl von n = 13 Geschossen. Die Gesamthöhe liegt unter 40 m. Gezeigt ist der Zustand mit einem Brandfall in der ersten Etage.The skyscraper after FIG. 1 has a number of n = 13 floors. The total height is less than 40 m. Shown is the condition with a fire on the first floor.

Das Hochhaus hat ein Treppenhaus 20, das über alle Etagen, einschließlich einer Kelleretage mit n = minus 1, durchläuft. Links neben dem Treppenhaus 20 befindet sich ein Zuluftschacht 22. Ihm ist in der Kelleretage eine Ansaugvorrichtung 24 zugeordnet, sie weist Wetterschutzgitter 26, eine Jalousieklappe 28 mit Motor und einen ersten Ventilator 30 auf. Im Bereich zwischen den Etagen 1 und 2 ist zwischen dem Zuluftschaft 22 und dem Treppenhaus 20 eine Einströmklappe 32 vorgesehen. Sie kann vorzugsweise motorisch geöffnet und geschlossen werden. Vorzugsweise kann sie auch in Zwischenstellungen zwischen Öffnungszustand und Schließzustand gebracht werden. Normalerweise ist sie im Schließzustand.The skyscraper has a stairwell 20 that runs through all floors, including a basement level with n = minus 1. To the left of the stairwell 20 there is a supply air duct 22. He is in the basement floor associated with a suction device 24, it has weather protection grid 26, a shutter flap 28 with motor and a first fan 30. In the area between the floors 1 and 2, an inlet flap 32 is provided between the Zuluftschaft 22 and the stairwell 20. It can preferably be opened and closed by a motor. Preferably, it can also be brought into intermediate positions between the open state and closed state. Usually it is in the closed state.

Oberhalb der höchsten Etage ist im Treppenhaus 20 eine Lichtkuppel 34 vorgesehen, sie ist im Dachbereich angeordnet. Durch sie fällt Licht von oben in das Treppenhaus 20. Sie ist im geöffneten Zustand gezeichnet. Ihr ist ein Stellmotor zugeordnet.Above the highest floor, a light dome 34 is provided in the staircase 20, it is arranged in the roof area. Through it light falls from above into the staircase 20. It is drawn in the open state. It is assigned a servomotor.

Über die Ansaugvorrichtung 24 wird Luft im Sinne des Pfeiles 36 in den Zuluftschacht 22 eingeblasen, sobald ein Brandfall erfasst wird. Luft durchströmt dann den Zuluftschacht 22, tritt im Bereich der mindestens einen Einströmklappe 32 in das Treppenhaus 20 ein, siehe Pfeil 38. Dadurch liegt im Treppenhaus 20 ein Überdruck gegenüber dem Atmosphärendruck vor. Aus dem Treppenhaus 20 kann die Luft durch die geöffnete Lichtkuppel 34 entsprechend dem Pfeil 40 nach oben abströmen. Andere Möglichkeiten des Eintritts der Zuluft in das Treppenhaus und des Austritts der Zuluft aus dem Treppenhaus 20 sind möglich. So zeigt Fig. 1 auch ein Einströmen von Luft entsprechend dem Pfeil 41 direkt in das Treppenhaus 20. Diese Lösung ist vorteilhaft, wenn kein Zuluftschacht 22 vorgesehen ist. Sie kann mit dem Einblasen über einen Zuluftschacht 22 kombiniert werden.Air in the direction of arrow 36 is blown into the supply air duct 22 via the intake device 24 as soon as a fire is detected. Air then flows through the supply air duct 22, enters the staircase 20 in the region of the at least one inlet flap 32, see arrow 38. This results in the staircase 20, an overpressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. From the staircase 20, the air can flow through the open dome light 34 according to the arrow 40 upwards. Other ways of entering the supply air into the stairwell and the exit of the supply air from the staircase 20 are possible. So shows Fig. 1 also an inflow of air according to the arrow 41 directly into the staircase 20. This solution is advantageous if no supply air duct 22 is provided. It can be combined with the blowing through a supply duct 22.

Das Treppenhaus 20 ist mit den einzelnen Etagen 42 jeweils über eine Treppenhaustür 44 verbunden. Jede Etage 42, die als Nutzungsetage ausgebildet ist, weist einen Vorraum 46, auch Lobby genannt, und eine Nutzungseinheit 52 auf. Die Treppenhaustür verbindet jeweils das Treppenhaus 20 mit der zugehörigen Vorraum 36 der jeweiligen Etage 42. Ein Vorraum 46 ist über eine Vorraumtür 50 mit der zugehörigen Nutzungseinheit 52 der Etage verbunden. Normalerweise sind die Türen 44, 50 geschlossen. Sie öffnen jeweils zum Treppenhaus 20 hin, siehe Fig. 1.The staircase 20 is connected to the individual floors 42 each via a stairwell door 44. Each floor 42, which is designed as a utility floor, has an anteroom 46, also called a lobby, and a usage unit 52. The stairwell door connects each of the staircase 20 with the associated Anteroom 36 of the respective floor 42. An anteroom 46 is connected via an anteroom door 50 with the associated use unit 52 of the floor. Normally, the doors 44, 50 are closed. They each open to the staircase 20, see Fig. 1 ,

Im Bereich der Nutzungseinheiten 52 ist ein Abströmschacht 54 vorgesehen. Er hat einen Schachtkopf 56 oberhalb der höchsten Etage und einen Schachtfuß 58 im Bereich der untersten Etagen, vorzugsweise unterhalb der nullten Etage. Der Abströmschacht 54 erstreckt sich über die Höhe des Gebäudes. Vorzugsweise erstreckt er sich über eine Höhe, wie sie der Zuluftschacht 22 aufweist.In the area of the utilization units 52, a discharge shaft 54 is provided. It has a shaft head 56 above the highest floor and a shaft foot 58 in the area of the lowest floors, preferably below the zeroth floor. The discharge shaft 54 extends over the height of the building. Preferably, it extends over a height, as it has the supply air duct 22.

Zwischen einer Nutzungseinheit 52 und dem Abströmschacht 54 ist eine Abströmeinrichtung 60 vorgesehen. Es handelt sich um eine motorisch verstellbare Klappe. Im Normalfall ist die Abströmeinrichtung 60 geschlossen. Im Brandfall ist sie geöffnet, siehe Etage n = 1. Weiterhin ist in jeder Nutzungseinheit 52 ein Rauchmelder 62 oder eine andere, geeignete Vorrichtung zum Erfassen eines Brandfalls in der Nutzungseinheit vorgesehen.Between a utilization unit 52 and the discharge chute 54, a discharge device 60 is provided. It is a motorized flap. Normally, the outflow device 60 is closed. In case of fire, it is open, see floor n = 1. Furthermore, in each use unit 52, a smoke detector 62 or other suitable device for detecting a fire in the usage unit is provided.

Im Bereich des Schachtkopfes 56 ist ein Abströmmittel vorgesehen. Gemäß Fig. 1 weist es eine Doppelklappe 64 auf. Ihr sind motorische Antriebe, ein Antrieb für jede Klappe, zugeordnet. Im Öffnungszustand gibt die Doppelklappe 64 den gesamten Querschnitt des Abströmschachts 54 frei. Im Normalfall ist die Doppelklappe 64 geschlossen. Weiterhin weist das Abströmmittel einen zweiten Ventilator 66 auf. Er ist unterhalb der Doppelklappe 64 im Abströmschacht 54 angeordnet. Bei geöffneter Doppelklappe 64 kann er Luft nach oben oder nach unten fördern. Er ist vorzugsweise reversibel. Im Bereich des Schachtfußes 58 ist der Abströmschacht 54 im Normalfall geschlossen. Vorzugsweise ist im Unterschied zu Fig. 1 auch in der Kelleretage eine Abströmeinrichtung 60 vorgesehen.In the area of the shaft head 56, a discharge means is provided. According to Fig. 1 it has a double flap 64. It is associated with motor drives, one drive for each flap. In the open state, the double flap 64 releases the entire cross section of the discharge shaft 54. Normally, the double flap 64 is closed. Furthermore, the outflow means has a second fan 66. It is arranged below the double flap 64 in the discharge chute 54. With open double flap 64, it can promote air up or down. It is preferably reversible. In the region of the shaft base 58 of the discharge shaft 54 is normally closed. Preferably, unlike Fig. 1 also provided in the basement a discharge 60.

An geeigneter Stelle, beispielsweise im Treppenhaus des Kellergeschosses, ist eine Steuereinrichtung 68 untergebracht. Sie ist mit allen beschriebenen mechanischen Teilen, also der Ansaugvorrichtung 24 und ihren einzelnen Teilen 26, 28 und 30, der mindestens einen Einströmklappe 32, der Lichtkuppel 34, den einzelnen Abströmeinrichtungen 60, der Doppelklappe 64, dem zweiten Ventilator 66 verbunden.At a suitable location, for example in the stairwell of the basement, a control device 68 is housed. It is connected to all the described mechanical parts, ie the suction device 24 and its individual parts 26, 28 and 30, the at least one inlet flap 32, the dome 34, the individual outflow devices 60, the double flap 64, the second fan 66.

In einem Brandfall in der Etage n = 1 wird der Brandzustand durch den dortigen Rauchmelder 62 der Steuereinrichtung 68 mitgeteilt. Diese steuert die Ansaugvorrichtung 24 an, sodass Luft in den Zuluftschacht 22 eingeblasen wird, wie oben beschrieben. Das Treppenhaus 20 ist nun unter Überdruck gegenüber Atmosphärendruck. Durch die geöffneten Türen, nämlich Treppenhaustür 44 und Vorraumtür 50 der Etage n = 1 strömt Luft in die Nutzungseinheit, von dort über die geöffnete Abströmeinrichtung 60 dieser Etage durch den Abströmschacht 54 nach oben. Sie verlässt den Abströmschacht 54 durch die zumindest teilweise geöffnete Doppelklappe 64. Sie kann dabei durch den zweiten Ventilator 66 gefördert oder auch gebremst werden. Die Luftströmung in der Brandetage soll größer als 1,0 m/s sein, sie kann bei 2,0 m/s liegen.In a fire in the floor n = 1, the fire condition is communicated by the local smoke detector 62 of the controller 68. This controls the suction device 24, so that air is blown into the supply air duct 22, as described above. The staircase 20 is now under pressure over atmospheric pressure. Through the open doors, namely stairwell door 44 and vestibule door 50 of the floor n = 1 air flows into the utilization unit, from there via the open outflow device 60 of this floor through the discharge chute 54 upwards. It leaves the discharge chute 54 through the at least partially opened double flap 64. It can be promoted by the second fan 66 or braked. The airflow in the fire floor should be greater than 1.0 m / s, it may be 2.0 m / s.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 ist anstelle der Doppelklappe 64 eine Schacht-Lichtkuppel 70 vorgesehen, die ähnlich der Lichtkuppel 34 ausgebildet und ebenfalls motorisch angetrieben ist. Der zweite Ventilator 66 kann entfallen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 Instead of the double flap 64, a shaft light dome 70 is provided, which is similar to the dome light 34 and also driven by a motor. The second fan 66 may be omitted.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 ist anstelle der Doppelklappe 64 gemäß Figur 1 ein windgetriebener Ventilator 80 vorgesehen. Für diese Lösung ist es vorteilhaft, eine Schließvorrichtung zusätzlich vorzusehen, die den Abströmschacht am Schachtkopf 56 abschließt, wenn ein Brandfall vorliegt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 instead of the double flap 64 according to FIG. 1, a wind-driven ventilator 80 is provided. For this solution, it is advantageous to provide a closing device in addition, which closes the discharge shaft at the shaft head 56, if there is a fire.

Das erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 weist weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 auf. Alles was dort bereits vorgesehen ist, ist auch im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 vorhanden. Aufgrund der größeren Gebäudehöhe sind mehrere zusätzliche Einrichtungen vorhanden, auf die im Folgenden eingegangen wird:
Es ist nun eine größere Anzahl von Einströmklappen 32 vorgesehen. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, Einströmklappen 32 alle zwei bis zwölf bzw. alle zwei bis acht Etagen vorzusehen.
The embodiment according to the invention FIG. 4 indicates extensive agreement with the embodiment FIG. 1 on. Everything that is already provided there, is also in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 available. Due to the larger building height, there are several additional facilities, which will be discussed below:
There is now a larger number of inlet valves 32 are provided. It has proven to be advantageous to provide inflow flaps 32 every two to twelve or every two to eight levels.

Die Etage n = minus 1 ist nun als Tiefgarage ausgebildet, siehe Auto. Der Schachtfuß 58 befindet sich in dieser Etage. Zwischen der Etage n = minus 1 und dem Abströmschacht 54 ist eine Zuluftklappe 82, auch Zuluftöffnung genannt, vorgesehen. Sie ist normalerweise verschlossen. Sie kann über einen zugeordneten Motor geöffnet werden. Die Zuluftklappe 82 kann beliebig ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als Jalousie, ein- oder mehrflüglige Klappe. Vorzugsweise ist sie zwischen dem Zustand vollständiger Öffnung und im Normalzustand vollständigen Schließens in Zwischenstellungen einstellbar.The floor n = minus 1 is now designed as an underground car park, see car. The shaft base 58 is located on this floor. Between the floor n = minus 1 and the discharge shaft 54 is a supply air flap 82, also called supply air opening provided. It is normally closed. It can be opened via an assigned engine. The supply air flap 82 can be configured as desired, for example, as a blind, one or mehrflüglige flap. Preferably, it is adjustable between the state of complete opening and in the normal state complete closing in intermediate positions.

Im Abströmschacht 54 ist mindestens ein Luftrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsströmungsmesser 84 vorgesehen, konkret sind zwei derartige Sensoren eingezeichnet, nämlich in n = 23 und n = 0.At least one air-directional and velocity flow meter 84 is provided in the discharge chute 54; in concrete terms, two such sensors are shown, namely in n = 23 and n = 0.

Es sind in beiden Figuren 1 und 4 einige Etagen nicht dargestellt, in Figur 4 sind es die Etagen 4 bis 20. Auch in diesen können verteilt Sensoren 84 bzw. Messer vorgesehen sein. Es ist vorteilhaft, einen derartigen Sensor 84 alle zwei bis alle zwölf, vorzugsweise alle zwei bis alle acht Etagen vorzusehen. Als Sensor 84 kommen Anemometer, Windmesser und andere, die Strömungsrichtung und den Strömungsfluss erfassende Mittel in Betracht.It's in both FIGS. 1 and 4 some floors not shown, in FIG. 4 it is the floors 4 to 20. Also in these distributed sensors 84 and knives can be provided. It is advantageous to provide such a sensor 84 every two to every twelve, preferably every two to every eight floors. As sensor 84 come anemometer, anemometer and other, the flow direction and the flow flow detecting means into consideration.

Schließlich ist im Abströmschacht 54 mindestens ein Schubventilator 86 angeordnet. Er nimmt einen nur geringen Anteil der Querschnittsfläche des Abströmschachts 54 ein. Konkret ist ein derartiger Schubventilator 86 zwischen der Etage n = 2 und 3 und zwischen der Etage n = 21 und 22 angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Schubventilatoren 86 im Abströmschacht 54 gleich verteilt angeordnet. Es ist vorzuziehen, einen Schubventilator alle drei bis fünfzehn, vorzugsweise alle vier bis zehn Etagen vorzusehen. Der Schubventilator 86 ist vorzugsweise in seiner Arbeitsrichtung umkehrbar. Vorzugsweise kann seine Leistung eingestellt werden, zumindest in Stufen.Finally, at least one thrust fan 86 is arranged in the discharge chute 54. It occupies only a small portion of the cross-sectional area of the discharge shaft 54. Specifically, such a thrust fan 86 between the floor n = 2 and 3 and between the floor n = 21 and 22 is arranged. Preferably, the thrust fans 86 are arranged distributed equally in the discharge chute 54. It is preferable to provide a thrust fan every three to fifteen, preferably every four to ten floors. The thrust fan 86 is preferably reversible in its working direction. Preferably, its power can be adjusted, at least in stages.

Im Unterschied zu Figur 1 ist nun in Figur 4 die Etage n = 21 die Brandetage. Eine Änderung ergibt sich dadurch aber gegenüber der Beschreibung nach Figur 1 nicht.In contrast to FIG. 1 is now in FIG. 4 the floor n = 21 the fire floor. A change results from this but compared to the description FIG. 1 Not.

Damit sind die Unterschiede zwischen den Häusern nach den Figuren 4 und 1 erläutert.Thus, the differences between the houses after the FIGS. 4 and 1 explained.

Wie im Haus nach Figur 1, kann auch im Haus nach Figur 4 die Abströmeinrichtung 60 anders ausgestaltet werden, beispielweise mit den Vorrichtungen nach Figur 2 und/oder nach Figur 3.As in the house after FIG. 1 , also in the house after FIG. 4 the outflow device 60 are configured differently, for example, with the devices according to FIG. 2 and / or after FIG. 3 ,

Der Abströmschacht 54 hat bei einem Haus mit weniger als 40 Meter Gesamthöhe, also entsprechend Figur 1, einen lichten Querschnitt von mindestens 0,6 m2, bei höheren Häusern, wie in Figur 4 gezeigt, mindestens 1 m2. Der Abströmschacht 54 ist feuerfest. Die Abströmeinrichtungen 60 sind ebenfalls feuerfest ausgebildet.The discharge shaft 54 has in a house with less than 40 meters in total height, so accordingly FIG. 1 , a clear cross-section of at least 0.6 m 2 , in higher houses, as in FIG. 4 shown, at least 1 m 2 . The discharge shaft 54 is fireproof. The outflow devices 60 are also formed fireproof.

Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich ist, ist die Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit in der Brandetage n = 21 größer als 2,0 m/s. Es werden zumindest 18.000 Kubikmeter Luft pro Stunde durch die Abströmeinrichtung 60 der Brandetage in den Abströmschacht 54 gefördert.How out FIG. 4 is apparent, the air flow rate in the fire floor n = 21 is greater than 2.0 m / s. At least 18,000 cubic meters of air per hour are conveyed through the outflow device 60 of the fire floor into the discharge shaft 54.

Unter dem Begriff Klappe wird ein beliebiges Ventil verstanden. Es ist normalerweise im Schließzustand und kann, angesteuert durch die Steuereinrichtung 68, geöffnet werden. Es sind noch andere Ausführungen als die oben beschriebenen Ausführungen des Ventils möglich und aus der Technik bekannt.The term flap is understood to mean any valve. It is normally in the closed state and can be opened, driven by the control device 68. There are other designs than the above-described embodiments of the valve possible and known in the art.

Der Anmelderin behält sich vor beliebige Merkmale, auch Teilmerkmale, aus jedem einzelnen Satz der Beschreibung und/oder den Ansprüchen miteinander zu kombinieren.The Applicant reserves the right to combine any features, including partial features, from each individual sentence of the description and / or claims.

Ein Zuluftschacht 22 wie in den beiden Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellt, kann vorhanden sein, muss aber nicht notwendigerweise vorhanden sein.A supply duct 22 as shown in the two embodiments may be present, but need not necessarily be present.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2020
Treppenhausstairwell
2222
Zuluftschachtsupply air duct
2424
Ansaugvorrichtungsuction
2626
WetterschutzgitterLouvres
2828
Jalousieklappedamper
3030
Ventilatorfan
3232
EinströmklappeEinströmklappe
3434
Lichtkuppeldome light
36,38,40,4136,38,40,41
Pfeilarrow
4242
einzelne Etagesingle floor
4444
TreppenhaustürStairwell door
4646
Vorraumanteroom
5050
Vorraumtürhall door
5252
Nutzungseinheitutilization unit
5454
AbströmschachtAbströmschacht
5656
Schachtkopfwellhead
5858
Schachtfußshaft bottom
6060
Abströmeinrichtungdischarge arrangement
6262
Rauchmeldersmoke detector
6464
Doppelklappedouble flap
6666
zweiter Ventilatorsecond fan
6868
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
7070
Schacht-LichtkuppelSchacht dome light
8080
Ventilatorfan
8282
Zuluftöffnung, ZuluftklappeSupply air opening, supply air flap
8484
Geschwindigkeits-Strömungsmesser/SensorVelocity flow meter / sensor
8686
Schubventilatorthrust fan

Claims (14)

  1. A high-rise building
    - with a number of n floors,
    - with a stairwell (20) connected to the individual floors (42) via stairwell doors (44),
    - with one anteroom (46) per floor (42), which is connected to the stairwell (20) via one of the stairwell doors (44),
    - with a vent shaft (54) having a shaft head (56) above the highest floor (42) and a shaft base (58) below the zeroth floor (42) (G),
    - with a motor-driven venting means on the shaft head (56),
    - with one motor-powered venting device (60) for each floor (42), which device is disposed between the functional unit (52) and the vent shaft (54), wherein the venting device (60) is normally closed,
    - with one smoke detector (62) per floor (42), which is in each case disposed in the functional unit (52), and
    - with a control device (68), which is connected to the smoke detectors (62), the venting devices (60) and the venting means and which, in case of fire on the fire-affected floor, activates the venting device (60) thereon and the venting means on the shaft head (56),
    characterized in that the vent shaft (54) has at the shaft base (58) an air inlet hatch (82), which a) is normally closed, and b) is opened by a motor in case of fire on a fire-affected floor and enables a flow in the vent shaft (54) between the shaft base (58) and the shaft head (56), and that the vent shaft (54) has a geometrically free cross-sectional area of at least 0.6 m2.
  2. The high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a building height of more than 40 meters, and that the air inlet hatch (82) is provided to have the size of the shaft cross section.
  3. The high-rise building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a building height of more than 40 meters, and that at least one air direction and speed flow meter (84) is installed in the vent shaft (54), which detects the flow speed and the direction of the flow in the vent shaft (54) and is connected to the control device (68).
  4. A high-rise building according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the air inlet hatch (82) on the shaft base (58) can be adjusted to be completely opened in case of fire and be completely closed in the normal case.
  5. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-rise building has an overpressure system which produces an overpressure in the stairwell (20) relative to the functional units (52) in case of fire, so that smoke from a functional unit (52) cannot enter the stairwell (20).
  6. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in case of fire, the venting means on the shaft head (56) unblocks the entire cross section of the vent shaft (54) in the opened state.
  7. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the venting means has a hatch, a double hatch (64), a light dome (34) and/or a fan (30).
  8. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one impulse fan (86) is disposed in the vent shaft (54), which is normally switched off, which is switched on in case of fire, and whose direction of revolution can preferably be switched over.
  9. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air flow exists in the vent shaft (54) in case of fire, that the speed of this air flow does not exceed a predetermined value in any flow direction, and that the speed of the air flow is greater than zero.
  10. The high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anteroom (46) is connected to a functional unit (52) of the floor (42) via an anteroom door.
  11. The high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that a venting device (60) is provided in a floor below the zeroth floor (42).
  12. A method for operating a high-rise building with a number of n floors,
    - with a stairwell (20) connected to the individual floors (42) via stairwell doors (44),
    - with one anteroom (46) per floor (42), which is connected to the stairwell (20) via one of the stairwell doors (44),
    - with a vent shaft (54) having a shaft head (56) above the highest floor (42) and a shaft base (58) below the zeroth floor (42),
    - with a venting means on the shaft head (56),
    - with one motor-powered venting device (60) for each floor (42), which device is disposed between the functional unit (52) and the vent shaft (54), wherein the venting device (60) is normally closed,
    - with one smoke detector (62) per floor (42), which is in each case disposed in the functional unit (52), and
    - with a control device (68), which is connected to the smoke detectors (62), the venting devices (60) and the venting means and which, in case of fire on the fire-affected floor, activates the venting device (60) thereon and the venting means on the shaft head (56),
    characterized in that the vent shaft (54) has a geometrically free cross-sectional area of at least 0.6 m2, that the control device (68), in case of fire, opens a normally closed air inlet hatch (82) on the shaft base (58), that, in case of fire on the fire-affected floor, the venting device (60) of that floor is opened, and that a flow is produced in the vent shaft (54) by opening the shaft base (58) and the shaft head (56).
  13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the flow in the vent shaft (54) takes along the air flowing from the fire-affected floor.
  14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, in a high-rise building with a building height of more than 40 m, the flow in the vent shaft (54) is controlled in such a way that the differences stay within the range as they occur with a building height of up to 40 m.
EP15754170.7A 2014-09-05 2015-08-19 High-rise building with a number of n floors and a vent shaft Active EP3189195B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014112834 2014-09-05
PCT/EP2015/069009 WO2016034415A1 (en) 2014-09-05 2015-08-19 High-rise building with a number of n floors and a vent shaft

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EP3189195A1 EP3189195A1 (en) 2017-07-12
EP3189195B1 true EP3189195B1 (en) 2019-10-16

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EP (1) EP3189195B1 (en)
DE (1) DE202015009604U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016034415A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202016101528U1 (en) * 2016-03-21 2016-09-20 BlueKit Factory GmbH Elevator shaft ventilation and smoke extraction
CN107327017A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 Precipice cavity ventilation system and its method of ventilation
CH715361A1 (en) * 2018-09-20 2020-03-31 Regli Bernhard Multi-storey building with safe access and escape routes in the event of a fire.
CN110714592A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-01-21 苏州常宏建筑设计研究院有限公司 Smoke prevention system for building
CH720129A2 (en) 2022-10-17 2024-04-30 Defors Gmbh System and method for keeping a vertical access connection of a multi-storey building smoke-free

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19848736B4 (en) 1998-10-22 2004-11-11 Horch, Fabian Smoke protection device for stairwells or the like
DE102006037474A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 hhpberlin Ingenieurgesellschaft für Brandschutz mbH Fire partition door for multi-storey building prevents direct ventilation of a staircase
KR101259311B1 (en) 2008-10-08 2013-05-06 스위스 랄텍 지엠비에이치 High rise building with a stair well and a intake air shaft
DE102011001260B3 (en) * 2011-03-14 2012-08-30 Jürgen Eidmann Smoke control system

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DE202015009604U1 (en) 2018-07-13
EP3189195A1 (en) 2017-07-12
WO2016034415A1 (en) 2016-03-10

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