EP3178129B1 - Antenne unipolaire à bande large à structure multiple pour deux bandes de fréquence séparées par un espace blanc dans la plage d'ondes décimétriques, destinée à des véhicules - Google Patents

Antenne unipolaire à bande large à structure multiple pour deux bandes de fréquence séparées par un espace blanc dans la plage d'ondes décimétriques, destinée à des véhicules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3178129B1
EP3178129B1 EP15766456.6A EP15766456A EP3178129B1 EP 3178129 B1 EP3178129 B1 EP 3178129B1 EP 15766456 A EP15766456 A EP 15766456A EP 3178129 B1 EP3178129 B1 EP 3178129B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
monopole antenna
broadband monopole
electrically conductive
conductor
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Application number
EP15766456.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3178129A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Lindenmeier
Heinz Lindenmeier
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Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
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Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
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Publication of EP3178129A1 publication Critical patent/EP3178129A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vertical broadband monopole antennas for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both located in the decimeter wave range - for vehicles and for transmission and/or reception of terrestrially broadcast vertically polarized radio signals via a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located at the base of the monopole, comprising an antenna connection point 5 and a ground connection 7.
  • Such broadband antennas are known from the prior art. These antennas are designed as multi-resonant rod antennas, with several frequency bands separated from one another by frequency gaps being covered by means of multiple wire windings applied to the elongated rod, which partially overlap. Such antennas are used for transmission and reception in the decimeter wave range on vehicles, preferably on the vehicle roof. On the one hand, antennas of this type have the disadvantage that they are only intended for relatively narrow-band frequency bands separated from one another by frequency gaps and are only of very limited use for wide frequency bands. The overall height, its aerodynamic shape and its wind resistance value are particularly important for use on vehicles. However, because of the large quantities that are customary in vehicle construction, particular importance is attached to the economics of producing such an antenna.
  • a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz is provided for the LTE mobile radio standard - hereinafter referred to as sub-band U - and above a frequency gap the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz, hereinafter referred to as upper band O, is provided, as in 1 shown.
  • a middle band M is often provided in the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 1700 MHz, which is assigned to the upper band.
  • the frequency gap between subband U and upper band O is desired to protect against the radio services located there.
  • This application requires antennas which, in addition to their electrical function, are suitable for vehicles, with the economics of manufacture being of particular importance.
  • the EP 1 732 162 A1 discloses vertical broadband monopole antennas for vehicles for two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range, separated by a frequency gap, for transmitting and/or receiving terrestrial, vertically polarized radio signals with an antenna connection point located at the base of the monopole.
  • the antenna is designed from a first conductive structure, each of which is oriented essentially perpendicularly to a base area, the first electrically conductive structure at the lower end of the antenna comprising at least one triangular structure standing on a vertex with an essentially horizontally oriented base line, the Tip forms an antenna connection point.
  • the electrically conductive structure adjacent to the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna includes a first roof capacitance, designed essentially as a first rectangular structure.
  • the triangular structure and the first rectangular structure are inductively connected with high impedance by a conductor strip for separating radio signals.
  • the JP 2005 057438 A discloses a broadband monopole antenna with a triangular structure.
  • the object of the invention is to specify an antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, which can be produced with low overall height and favorable aerodynamic properties, especially in a simple manufacturing process due to special shaping and without a matching network with concentrated components.
  • the antenna comprises a vertical broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the sub-band for the lower frequencies and the high-band for the higher frequencies - both in the decimeter wave range, for vehicles and for transmission and/or reception of terrestrially radiated vertically polarized radio signals above a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located in the base of the monopole, comprising an antenna connection point 5.
  • the broadband monopole antenna 0 is formed of a high band monopole 1 and a low band monopole combined and is formed of a first and a further structure, both structures being as described in the independent claims.
  • the antenna can also be referred to as a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna.
  • the first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 there is a triangular structure 4, for example flat, standing on its tip as a high-band monopole 1 with an essentially horizontally oriented base line at a high-band monopole height 8 above the conductive base area 6, whose Tip forms the antenna connection point 5.
  • Adjacent to the upper end of the first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 located at the antenna level 9 above the conductive base area 6 is a first one designed essentially as a particularly planar first rectangular structure 16 Roof capacity 10 designed. The top capacitance or the first rectangular structure is therefore below the upper end of the antenna.
  • the triangular structure 4 and the first rectangular structure 16 as the first top capacitance 10 are inductively connected by at least one first conductor strip 15 with a particularly narrow strip line width 14 of, for example, less than or equal to 7 mm for separating radio signals in the upper band, whereby essentially a first part of the lower band Monopoly 2 is formed.
  • a vertical multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for vehicles is disclosed for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, namely a sub-band U for lower frequencies and an upper band O for higher frequencies, both located in the decimeter wave range, for transmission and/or reception with terrestrially broadcast vertically polarized Radio signals via a substantially horizontal conductive base 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located at the base of the first conductive structure.
  • the first electrically conductive structure can have at least two spaced-apart first conductor strips 15, 15a, as a result of which a frame structure 11 consisting of the triangular structure 4, the first rectangular structure 16 and the first conductor strips 15, 15a is formed.
  • the first conductor strip or strips 15, 15a can contain meandering characteristics 24 for frequency-selective separation.
  • the interior angle 12 at the apex of the triangular structure 4 can be between 30 and 90 degrees.
  • the triangular structure 4 is designed by strip-shaped lamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner in the plane of the triangle and converging at the tip.
  • the first rectangular structure 16 can essentially be formed by strip-shaped roof lamellae 19 , 19 a , 19 b that run vertically electrically conductively separated from one another but are connected at their upper end via a remaining strip 31 .
  • the strip-shaped lamellae 30, 30a, 30b converging at the tip are angled out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they run essentially on the lateral surface of a cone standing on its tip with a circular or elliptical cross section.
  • the roof louvers 19 may be successively counter-angled in such a way that they are V-shaped in projection onto a plane transverse to the strip 31 .
  • the lamellae 20a, 20b converging at the tip can be angled successively in opposite directions out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane running transversely to the triangular structure 4 .
  • coupling conductor 35 which is connected at its upper end to the first roof capacitance 10 and which is coupled to the conductive base area 6 at its lower end.
  • the further electrically conductive structure comprises a further top capacitor 38, which is designed essentially as a rectangular structure 42 in the exemplary embodiment shown, which is routed essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 for capacitive coupling to the first top capacitor 10 in a top capacitor coupling distance 40.
  • the top-capacitance coupling distance 40 is less than 1/30 of the free space wavelength A at the lowest frequency of the U subband.
  • the further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one further conductor strip 39, which is connected to the further planar structure 42 and runs to the conductive base surface 6 and is conductively connected to it at its lower end and has an inductive high resistance for the separation of radio signals in the upper band O.
  • the further electrically conductive structure can be designed in such a way that two further conductor strips 39, 39a are present, each of which is opposite to one another - connected in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and at a distance from the side edge of the Triangular structure 4 is performed while avoiding the overlap of the triangular structure 4 to the conductive base 6 and is conductively connected at its lower end with this.
  • the further conductor strip(s) 39, 39a can contain meandering characteristics 24 for frequency-selective separation.
  • At least one of the other conductor strips 39, 39a can be guided in a conductor strip coupling spacing 41 essentially parallel to a first conductor strip 15, 15a and be conductively connected to the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end.
  • the impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 can be in the lower frequency range of the sub-band U by selecting the inductance of the first conductor strip 15,15a or the one or more conductor strips 39, 39a by selecting the stripline width 14 and/or by inserting meandering Characteristics 24 and by choosing the roof capacity coupling distance 40 and or the horizontal - and vertical extensions 23, 23a of the first rectangular structure 16 or the other flat structure 42 and by choosing the conductor strip coupling distance 41 be given.
  • the first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure can each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and a self-supporting first conductor strip 15 can be present in the first electrically conductive structure, the strip conductor width 14 of which is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm.
  • the first electrically conductive structure can also be provided by a metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the printed circuit board can preferably be designed as a plug-in connection 45 with ground connection point 7 and base connection point 43, 44 on the conductive base surface 6.
  • Both structures can also be realized on only one side of a printed circuit board by designing interdigital structures for the realization of the first roof capacitance 10 and the further roof capacitance 38, which interlock like a comb.
  • both the first rectangular structure 16 and the further flat structure 42 which is designed as a further rectangular structure, can be separated from one another essentially by vertically electrically conductive, but at their upper end via a remaining strip 31 continuous strip-shaped roof slats 19, 19a, 19b be formed.
  • the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 can be arranged under a cover 32 and the at least one first conductor strip 15, 15a can be guided at least partially and in particular as far as possible along the inner wall of the cover.
  • the mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the conductive base surface 6 can be replaced by another multi-structure broadband monopole antenna that is the same as this antenna in such a way that a dipole that is symmetrical to the plane of the conductive base surface 6 is given and a symmetrical Antenna connection point of this dipole between the antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and - according to this - mirrored on the conductive base surface 6 antenna connection point 5 of the other multi-structure broadband monopole antenna is formed.
  • the upper band monopole 1 can be formed by two flat triangular structures 4a, 4b, the surface normals of which lie in the same plane - e.g. the x-z plane of a coordinate system - as the surface normal of the first rectangular structure 16 in such a way that the (from which the central axis Z emanates) located antenna connection point 5 outgoing strip-shaped lamellae 20a, 20b from the y-z plane - divided into lamellae 20a in the direction of the positive x-axis and in lamellae 20a in the direction of the negative x-axis - each by one Deflection angle 49 are angled, so that the upper belt monopole 1 is essentially formed by two triangles 4a and 4b standing on their apex.
  • the two triangular structures 4a and 4b of the upper band monopole 1 can be formed from connected conductive layers.
  • the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 can be mounted on the vehicle in such a way that the horizontal extent of the planar roof capacitance 10 runs in the direction of travel.
  • the strip-shaped slats 20 of the upper band monopole 1 that converge in the lower triangle tip can be angled out of the plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in succession in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane transverse to the direction of travel.
  • the triangles 4a and 4b which are angled by the deflection angle 49, with their triangle tips can be approximately symmetrical to the antenna connection point 5 in the x-direction be offset from one another by an offset length 50 and be connected to one another via a short connecting conductor 48 running parallel to the x-axis over a small base surface distance 51, from which the antenna connection point 5 can be formed.
  • an inductively high-impedance coupling conductor 35 connected to the first top capacitance 10 at least in the frequency range of the upper band O, which is electrically conductively connected to the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end.
  • the coupling distance for the capacitive coupling of the further top capacitance can be ⁇ /30, in which case a top capacitance coupling distance ⁇ /30 at the lowest occurring frequency of the subband U can be advantageous.
  • the further electrically conductive structure is designed in such a way that the further conductor strip is connected to the further roof capacitance in the area of one of the lateral ends and with a conductor strip coupling distance from the side edge of the triangular structure, avoiding the overlapping of the triangular structure of the first electrically conductive structure to the conductive base 6 is performed.
  • the impedance is matched at the antenna connection point of the first structure in the lower frequency range of the subband U by selecting the inductance of the first conductor strip or strips or the further conductor strip or strips by selecting the strip conductor width and/or by inserting meandering characteristics and by selection the top-capacitance coupling distance and/or the horizontal and vertical extensions of the first rectangular structure or the further rectangular structure and by selecting the conductor strip coupling distance.
  • the first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure can each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and in the first electrically conductive structure there can be a particularly self-supporting first conductor strip whose strip conductor width is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm is.
  • the first rectangular structure and/or the further rectangular structure and/or the triangular structure can essentially be formed by strip-shaped lamellae that are electrically conductively separated from one another but are connected at their ends in order to improve electromagnetic decoupling.
  • the slats may be successively counter-angled in such a way that they are V-shaped in projection onto a plane transverse to the remaining strip.
  • a test conductor with a high-impedance DC resistance can be connected for the purpose of connecting the antenna, with this test conductor both in the subband U and in the upper band O with regard to on the function of the antenna can be sufficiently high impedance.
  • the broadband monopole antenna can be mounted on the vehicle in such a way that the horizontal extension of the flat roof capacitance runs in the direction of travel.
  • Strip-shaped slats of the upper belt monopole which converge in a lower triangle tip, can be successively angled out of the plane of the planar triangular structure in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane transverse to the direction of travel.
  • the planar structure of the further roof capacitance can be designed by an electrically conductive conductor strip running in a surface parallel to the first rectangular structure in the roof capacitance coupling distance, which conductor strip can in particular also have a meandering shape.
  • a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is exemplified for the two separated by a frequency gap Frequency ranges according to the in 1 illustrated subband U and the upper band O explained.
  • the first structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in its flat basic design is in 2 shown and is essentially formed from a part of the lower band monopole 2 for covering the lower band U with an antenna height 9 required for this in combination with an upper band monopole 1 with the upper band monopole height 8 with a common antenna connection point 3 .
  • the lower band monopole 2 is designed from inductively high-impedance first conductor strips 15 in the frequency range of the upper band O with a narrow strip line width 14 in conjunction with a first roof capacitance 10 .
  • the latter is essentially designed as a flat first rectangular structure 16 and is designed with a large horizontal extent 23 compared to the vertical extent 22 .
  • figure 3 shows the three-dimensional multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in a slightly perspective representation. It consists of the first electrically conductive structure as in 2 , combined with the further electrically conductive structure.
  • the latter essentially consists of the additional roof capacitance 38 in the form of the additional rectangular structure 42 (marked with dots for clarity), which is guided in a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 of the first structure and a connected to the additional rectangular structure 42, further conductor strip 39 running towards the conductive base surface 6.
  • the further conductor strip 39 is guided in a conductor strip coupling spacing 41 essentially parallel to the first conductor strip 15 to the conductive base surface and is conductively connected to it in the base surface connection point 43.
  • the reference symbol Z designates a (vertical) center axis running through the antenna connection point 5, which in particular forms an axis of symmetry of the antenna.
  • figure 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a first electrically conductive structure as in FIG 3 , whereby the vertically running outer sides to the left and right of the triangular structure 4 are fanned out by the cohesive, electrically conductive central part above the tip of the triangle and are designed as conductor strips, and these are continued above the triangular structure 4 as conductor strips 15 and are connected to the first rectangular structure 16, which also results in a Frame structure 11 is formed.
  • the further rectangular structure 42 of the further electrically conductive structure is, as in figure 3 , arranged parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 in the top capacitance coupling spacing 40 and the further conductor strip 39 is guided essentially parallel to the first conductor strip 41 in the conductor strip coupling spacing 41 .
  • the illustration shows that the top capacitance coupling distance 40 and the conductor strip coupling distance 41 can advantageously be chosen differently.
  • both the first structure and the further structure of the multi-structure broadband antenna 0 according to the invention are made, for example, from an electrically conductive film 33 as a coherent, electrically conductive structure in an im Designed essentially perpendicular to the conductive base 6 extended level. It has been shown to be a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention for the self-supporting, electrically conductive structures, which are each formed in one piece, to use electrically conductive sheet metal or a self-supporting electrically conductive film, which results in a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 as a whole mechanically self-supporting arrangement of the structures can be produced.
  • These structures can be produced, for example, by a stamping process or by a controlled cutting process, for example by controlled laser cutting.
  • the production of a punching tool is economically advantageous for particularly large quantities prove because the antenna can be duplicated extremely cheaply by automated punching processes.
  • computer-controlled laser cutting can prove to be more economical for smaller quantities.
  • the production of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 from sheet metal offers the particular advantage of metallic rigidity, which is of particular importance for use as a vehicle antenna.
  • a particular advantage of this planar structure is its negligible wind resistance, if it is advantageously designed to run in a plane whose normal is oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle.
  • a frame structure 11 is designed to achieve particular rigidity.
  • the frame structure 11 is in the 2 , 3 , 4 shown for the first structure.
  • the frame structure 11 is in each case formed from two narrow first conductor strips 15, 15a, which are guided at a sufficient distance 13 from one another, the base line of the planar triangular structure 4 and the planar first rectangular structure 16 of the first top capacitance 10.
  • figure 8 the example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with two further conductor strips 39, 39a is shown.
  • Both further conductor strips 39, 39a each of which is connected opposite one another in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and is guided at a distance from the side edge of the triangular structure 4, avoiding the overlapping of the triangular structure 4 to the conductive base area 6 is connected to the conductive base 6 at the lower end.
  • a frame structure consisting of the additional conductor strips 39, 39a and the additional rectangular structure 42 is thus also formed, so that the additional structure can also be realized with advantageous rigidity.
  • the first electrically conductive structure consists of a material of particular rigidity, for example from sheet metal.
  • the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with only a first conductor strip 15, as in 13 be presented, designed. In the interests of mechanical stability, however, a larger stripline width 14 is then advantageous for this.
  • a plurality of meandering formations 24 have generally proven to be necessary. These demands apply to figure 13 likewise towards the further conductor strip 39 which connects the further rectangular structure 42 to the conductive base area 6 .
  • the antenna can be figure 13 advantageously as a printed circuit board, similar to in figure 17 presented, to be realized.
  • this value can in principle already be achieved at the antenna connection point 3 with an antenna height 9 of ⁇ 6 cm.
  • the properties of the sub-band monopoly 2 are essentially determined by its antenna height 9 and by the size of the flat first roof capacity 10, the horizontal extent 23 of which is approximately 5 cm much larger, i.e. at least three times larger than the vertical extent 22.
  • a significantly larger vertical extent 22 increases the capacitance value of the first roof capacitance 10 for a given antenna height 9, but reduces the effective height of the sub-band monopoly 2, which, in contrast to the capacitance value, is quadratically included in the formation of the frequency bandwidth of the sub-band monopoly 2.
  • the combination of the first structure with the further structure is necessary according to the invention. This is particularly impressive when comparing the impedances at the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in figure 4 and the singular first structure in figure 6 out.
  • the corresponding frequency curves of the impedances are for the frequency range of the sub-band U in the figures 5b and 7b shown.
  • the imaginary part is extremely low, resulting in the completely unacceptable VSWR value of 12.
  • the real part of the impedance is in Figure 5b given with the high relative value of about 3 with a small imaginary part.
  • the VSWR value is about 3.5 in this example.
  • the impedance curve in Figure 5b the tendency to wrap around the matching point, which explains the significantly larger bandwidth in the U subband.
  • the desired improvement in the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of the first structure with regard to the impedance matching and its bandwidth given is.
  • the antenna height 9 and the size of the first rectangular structure 16 with its horizontal extent 23 and its vertical extent 22 are of crucial importance. It is essential here to select the vertical extension 22 optimally for a given antenna height 9 .
  • the dimensions of the further rectangular structure 42 should generally be selected to be smaller than the dimensions of the first rectangular structure 16 in order to achieve optimal impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 in this frequency range.
  • the top-capacitance coupling distance 40 can be very small and should not exceed a value of ⁇ /30 at the lowest frequency of the U subband.
  • the sub-band monopole 2 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is thus formed by the described inventive combination of the first structure with the further structure with its antenna connection point 3 on the first structure. Only in this way is it possible to meet the high matching requirements in the entire subband U without using lumped components in a matching network.
  • the electrically conductive structures can also be selected by the metallic coating of a dielectric plate, ie a printed circuit board.
  • a material for the printed circuit board that can be considered for economic reasons is lossy in the decimeter wave range, so that it can be provided according to the invention to print the structure of the multistructure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the printed circuit board in a manner known per se, however, to crop them with a slight overhang in accordance with the outlines of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, in order to keep the course of electric field lines in the lossy dielectric plate as small as possible.
  • This form of printed representation of conductive structures is particularly advantageous in the case of a complicated geometric structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 because the cutting lines can be made less finely following the geometric structure and therefore require a less complex stamping tool.
  • the property of the above-described small top-capacitance coupling distance 40 of an antenna according to the invention enables the advantageous realization of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, as in FIG 17 shown, on a printed circuit board, the first electrically conductive structure being provided by a metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the Printed circuit board is preferably designed as a coaxial connector 44 with a ground connection point 7 as a coaxial plug outer conductor 45 with a connection to the conductive base 6 and with a base connection point 43 on the conductive base 6 .
  • the property of small roof capacitance coupling distance 40 of an antenna according to the invention also enables the advantageous realization of the first and the further structure to be realized together on one and the same side of a printed circuit board. Both structures can, for example, also be realized on just one side of a printed circuit board by designing interdigital structures for the realization of the first roof capacitance 10 and the further roof capacitance 38, which interlock like a comb, in order to produce the necessary capacitive coupling between the two roof capacitances.
  • the formation of the high-band monopoly 1 is essentially given by the planar triangular structure 4 of the first structure, provided that the inductive effect of the first conductor strips 15 with a narrow strip conductor width 14 for separating radio signals in the high-band O from the first roof capacitance 10 is large enough. This is usually the case with a strip line width of less than or equal to 7 mm. In order to increase this separating effect, provision can be made according to the invention for the first conductor strip 15 to be provided with meandering embossments 24 . Naturally, the functional subdivision of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 into the lower band monopole 2 and the upper band monopole 1 should not be viewed strictly.
  • the mode of operation of the upper band monopole 1 located above the conductive base area 6 is essentially given by the design of the planar triangular structure 4 .
  • a flat triangular structure 4 standing on its apex with a triangular opening angle 12 is provided in this exemplary embodiment, the apex of which is connected to the antenna connection point 5 .
  • the antenna connection point 3 for the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is formed by this together with the ground connection point 7 on the conductive base surface 6 .
  • the height of the base line of the flat triangular structure 4 above the conductive base area 6 essentially forms the effective upper band monopole height 8, by which the frequency behavior of the upper band monopole 1 is essentially determined.
  • the high band monopole height 8 at the upper frequency limit of the high band should not be greater than about 1/3 of the free space wavelength at that frequency.
  • a triangle opening angle 12 have Values between 30 and 90 degrees proved to be favourable.
  • the resulting triangular structure with a broadband effect makes it possible, for example, to meet the frequently asked requirement for impedance matching at the base point with a value of VSWR ⁇ 3-3.5 in the frequency range of the upper band O.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for a switching element with the mode of operation of a parallel resonant circuit 28 to be introduced into the first conductor strips 15.
  • This parallel resonant circuit is used to support the frequency-selective separation of the lower band monopole 2 from signals in the upper band.
  • the parallel resonant circuit 28, as in 10 shown in each case a parallel capacitance 27 designed as an interdigital structure 26 and a parallel inductance 28 designed as a strip conductor.
  • This switching element can also be stamped or cut from sheet metal, for example, over the first conductor strips 15, 15a or over the further conductor strips 39, 39a in the design of the mechanically self-supporting Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 or included in an antenna applied to a printed circuit board according to the invention (see figure 11 ).
  • a three-dimensional structure is provided for this in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, which is formed from the two-dimensional structure in such a way that instead of the flat triangular structure 4 an approximately conical structure is sought.
  • the form of such a monopoly is in 14 indicated by the conical monopole 18 with electrically conductive lateral surfaces.
  • the economically advantageous manufacturability from stamped or cut sheet metal should be retained. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the flat triangular structure 4 runs together like a fan in the lower triangle apex strip-shaped lamellae 20, as in FIGS figures 9 , 12 , 13 to execute.
  • the essential requirement for vehicle antennas is to be small and, in particular, to minimize the ground plan of the antenna.
  • the deformation of the directional diagram of the satellite antenna is problematic due to the radiation coupling between the antennas.
  • This problem also exists when - as in the figures 9 , 12 , 13 , 15 -
  • the strict requirement for an antenna gain which depending on the operator for circular polarization of constant for example 2 dBi or 3 dBi for example at a azimuthal variation is less than 0.5 dB.
  • the design of the triangular structure 4 of lamellae 20 converging like a fan at the tip, as in 9 Cheaper than a closed planar triangular structure 4, for example, according to 3 .
  • This advantage of the low influence on the radiation properties of the satellite receiving antenna 25 is particularly pronounced in the design of the high-band monopole 1 from cone lamellae 30 .
  • the high band monopole 1 has practically no influence on the radiation properties of the satellite receiving antenna 25.
  • the stripe width 21 should not be greater than 1 ⁇ 8 of the free space wavelength of the highest frequency in the upper band.
  • Figure 1 shows an advantageous example of a multi-structure monopole broadband antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig 13 , whereby the strip-shaped lamellae 20 are each angled out of the yz plane of the planar triangular structure 4 by the deflection angle 49, divided in the direction of the positive x-axis (lamellae 20a) and the negative x-axis (lamellae 20b), so that the high-band monopole 1 is essentially formed by these slats by two triangular structures 4a and 4b standing on their apex and all slats 20a, 20b with their lower ends in the triangle tips in the antenna connection point 5, together with the lower end of the in the center of the arrangement positioned first conductor strip 15 are united.
  • the surface normals of these triangles are thus essentially in the xz plane, ie in the same plane as the surface normals of the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42.
  • continuous conductive triangular surfaces 4a, 4b can also be designed instead of the triangular structures formed from lamellae.
  • the first conductor strip 15 and the further conductor strip 39 are shown in simplified form as straight conductor strips and can have meandering characteristics as in FIGS figures 13 and 18 contain.
  • the Surface normals of the rectangular structures of the first roof capacity 10 and those of the further roof capacity 38 point in the x-direction.
  • Provision is often made to accommodate a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 under a cover 32 made of plastic material, as is shown in 20 with view perpendicular to the direction of travel (x-direction) and in 21 is shown with a view in the direction of travel (direction of travel y-direction).
  • the in 21 Visible expansion of the cover 32 transverse to the direction of travel the possibility of a further spatial design of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, which was originally produced in a planar manner, with the advantages of increasing the bandwidths of both monopoles 1 and 2. This is expressed by a better design of the antenna impedance with regard to the VSWR value at antenna connection point 3. This makes it possible to largely dispense with a matching network.
  • the conductor parts with a black background and marked with a) - these are the slats 20a - are angled out of the yz plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and the slats 20b are angled in the direction of the negative x-axis accordingly, whereby the spatial antenna structure for the high-band monopole 1 is formed.
  • the slats 20, 20a, 20b can be angled out approximately along the inner edge of the cover hood 32. This means that the strip-shaped slats 20, 20a, 20b of the upper band monopole 1, which converge in the lower triangle apex, are successively bent out of the plane of the planar triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are approximately V- are arranged in a shape.
  • the slats 20 are angled in such a way that the 20 Lamellae 20a marked in black and filled in in the x-direction and those filled in white marked slats 20b are deflected in opposite directions in the negative x-direction, so that the projection in 21 visible V-shaped structure is given.
  • this measure serves to increase the frequency bandwidth of the high-band monopole 1 with the associated advantage when implementing the impedance matching in the antenna base.
  • the spatial design according to the invention based on the described two-dimensional design of the monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, is additionally advantageous with regard to the problem of impedance matching over large frequency ranges.
  • the particular advantage associated with the present invention is that this three-dimensionally designed antenna can be stamped or cut from a flat, electrically conductive structure (sheet metal or foil) and designed by simple subsequent bending, as described above.
  • the aesthetic requirement for a cover hood 32 that widens towards the bottom offers the possibility of using this space in the interest of achieving a larger bandwidth for the upper band monopole 1.
  • the impedance curve be designed in the upper band O according to the requirement of VSWR ⁇ 3.
  • the upper band monopole 1 consists of two triangles 4a and 4b standing on their apex and angled in the positive and negative x-direction by the deflection angle 49 related to the direction of the z-axis, as in FIG figure 19 , but with triangular tips offset symmetrically to the first conductor strip 15 in the x-direction by the offset length 50.
  • the triangular tips are connected to one another and to the first conductor strip 15 at the branching point 47 via a short connecting conductor 48 running parallel to the x-axis with a small base area spacing 51 over the conductive base area 6 .
  • the antenna connection point 5 is formed.
  • a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in a further advantageous application of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, this is supplemented by a further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna of the same type to form a dipole in a manner known per se.
  • the mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the conductive base 6 is replaced by this further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in such a way that a dipole symmetrical to the conductive base 6 level is provided.
  • the symmetrical antenna connection point of this dipole is formed between the antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the antenna connection point 5 which corresponds to this and is mirrored on the conductive base surface 6 .
  • the free end of another conductor strip is connected to the free end of its mirror image.
  • a coupling conductor 35 connected at its upper end to the first roof capacitance 10 and running towards the conductive base surface 6 to support the impedance matching at the lower frequency end of the subband, which at its lower end is coupled to the conductive base 6.
  • This coupling conductor 35 is in 18 shown and supplements the sub-band monopoly 2 in such a way that it is possible to improve the impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 at the lower frequency end of the sub-band.
  • the coupling line width 37 or by partially meandering 24 of the coupling line 35 its inductive effect can be suitably adjusted to the requirements for impedance matching (eg VSWR ⁇ 3 or ⁇ 3.5).
  • the coupling conductor 35 has a sufficiently high inductance, it is ineffective in the frequency range of the high-band monopole 1 in such a way that its radiation properties are not impaired thereby. It is often advantageous here to galvanically or capacitively produce the coupling of the coupling conductor 35 with the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end. Especially with a particularly small antenna height 9 the impedance matching can be further improved in that this coupling of the coupling conductor 35 with the conductive base surface 6 via a two-pole coupling network 36 consisting of dummy elements (in 18 not shown in detail), takes place. In a special case, it can also be advantageous to design the coupling network 36 to be slightly lossy in order to maintain a specific VSWR value at the lower frequency end of the subband while accepting the smallest possible radiation losses.
  • a specified DC resistance value is required in vehicle technology at the antenna connection point.
  • this test conductor In order not to impair the function of the antenna according to the invention as a result of this measure, this test conductor must be designed with a sufficiently high impedance both in the lower band U and in the upper band O. Plastic materials to be introduced between the two roof capacitances are preferably provided for this purpose with limited electrical conductivity.

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Claims (14)

  1. Antenne monopôle verticale à large bande pour véhicules, pour deux bandes de fréquences séparées par un intervalle de fréquences, à savoir une bande inférieure (U) pour les fréquences plus basses et une bande supérieure (O) pour les fréquences plus élevées, toutes deux situées dans la gamme d'ondes décimétriques, pour l'émission et/ou la réception avec des signaux radio polarisés verticalement émis par voie terrestre au-dessus d'une surface de base conductrice (6) sensiblement horizontale servant de masse de véhicule, avec un emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3) se trouvant dans le pied du monopôle, comprenant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - l'antenne monopôle à large bande (0) est conçue à partir d'une première et d'une autre structure électriquement conductrice, qui sont orientées chacune au-dessus de la surface de base (6), sensiblement perpendiculairement à celle-ci,
    - la première structure électriquement conductrice comprend, à l'extrémité inférieure de l'antenne monopôle à large bande, au moins une structure triangulaire (4) dressée sur une pointe avec une ligne de base orientée sensiblement horizontalement, dont la pointe forme un point de raccordement d'antenne (5) de l'emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3),
    - la première structure électriquement conductrice comprend, de manière adjacente à l'extrémité supérieure de l'antenne monopôle à large bande, en dessous de celle-ci, une première capacité de toit (10) réalisée sensiblement sous la forme d'une première structure rectangulaire (16),
    - la structure triangulaire (4) et la première structure rectangulaire (16) sont reliées à haute impédance inductive par au moins une première bande conductrice (15, 15a, 15b) pour la séparation des signaux radio dans la bande supérieure (O),
    - l'autre structure électriquement conductrice comprend une autre capacité de toit (38) guidée sensiblement parallèlement à la première structure rectangulaire, qui est conçue comme une autre structure plane, est couplée de manière capacitive à la première capacité de toit (10), et est en particulier réalisée sensiblement sous la forme d'une structure rectangulaire (42),
    - l'autre structure électriquement conductrice comprend au moins une autre bande conductrice (39, 39a) à haute impédance inductive pour la séparation des signaux radio dans la bande supérieure (O), qui est reliée à l'autre structure plane (42), s'étend vers la surface de base conductrice (6) et est reliée à celle-ci de manière conductrice à son extrémité inférieure,
    - la structure triangulaire (4) étant conçue par des lamelles en forme de bande (20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) disposées en éventail dans le plan du triangle et se rejoignant au niveau de la pointe.
  2. Antenne monopôle verticale à large bande pour véhicules, pour deux bandes de fréquences séparées par un intervalle de fréquences, à savoir une bande inférieure (U) pour les fréquences plus basses et une bande supérieure (O) pour les fréquences plus élevées, toutes deux situées dans la gamme d'ondes décimétriques, pour l'émission et/ou la réception avec des signaux radio polarisés verticalement émis par voie terrestre au-dessus d'une surface de base conductrice (6) sensiblement horizontale servant de masse de véhicule, avec un emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3) se trouvant dans le pied du monopôle, comprenant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - l'antenne monopôle à large bande (0) est conçue à partir d'une première et d'une autre structure électriquement conductrice, qui sont orientées chacune au-dessus de la surface de base (6), sensiblement perpendiculairement à celle-ci,
    - la première structure électriquement conductrice comprend, à l'extrémité inférieure de l'antenne monopôle à large bande, une structure conique (4) dressée sur une pointe avec une ligne de base orientée sensiblement horizontalement, dont la pointe forme un point de raccordement d'antenne (5) de l'emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3),
    - la première structure électriquement conductrice comprend, de manière adjacente à l'extrémité supérieure de l'antenne monopôle à large bande, en dessous de celle-ci, une première capacité de toit (10) réalisée sensiblement sous la forme d'une première structure rectangulaire (16),
    - la structure conique (4) et la première structure rectangulaire (16) sont reliées à haute impédance inductive par au moins une première bande conductrice (15, 15a, 15b) pour la séparation des signaux radio dans la bande supérieure (O),
    - l'autre structure électriquement conductrice comprend une autre capacité de toit (38) guidée sensiblement parallèlement à la première structure rectangulaire, qui est conçue comme une autre structure plane, est couplée de manière capacitive à la première capacité de toit (10), et est en particulier réalisée sensiblement sous la forme d'une structure rectangulaire (42),
    - l'autre structure électriquement conductrice comprend au moins une autre bande conductrice (39, 39a) à haute impédance inductive pour la séparation des signaux radio dans la bande supérieure (O), qui est reliée à l'autre structure plane (42), s'étend vers la surface de base conductrice (6) et est reliée à celle-ci de manière conductrice à son extrémité inférieure,
    - la structure conique (4) étant conçue par des lamelles (30, 30a, 30b) en forme de bande disposées en éventail dans un plan triangulaire et se rejoignant au niveau de la pointe, qui sont coudées hors du plan triangulaire de telle sorte qu'elles s'étendent sensiblement sur la surface périphérique d'un cône de section transversale circulaire ou elliptique se dressant sur la pointe.
  3. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que
    la première structure électriquement conductrice présente au moins deux premières bandes conductrices espacées (15, 15a), de sorte qu'une structure de cadre (11), comprenant la structure triangulaire (4) ou la structure conique, la première structure rectangulaire (16) et la première bande conductrice (15), est formée.
  4. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que
    l'angle intérieur (12) à la pointe de la structure triangulaire (4) est environ compris entre 30 et 90 degrés.
  5. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que
    l'autre structure électriquement conductrice est conçue de telle sorte que l'autre bande conductrice (39, 39a) est raccordée à l'autre capacité de toit (38) dans la zone de l'une des extrémités latérales, est guidée avec une distance de couplage de bandes conductrices (41) du bord latéral de la structure triangulaire (4) à la surface de base conductrice (6) et est reliée à celle-ci de manière conductrice à son extrémité inférieure.
  6. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que
    la ou les premières bandes conductrices (15, 15a, 15b) et la ou les autres bandes conductrices (39, 39a) comportent des formations en forme de méandres (24) pour la séparation sélective en fréquence.
  7. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que
    l'autre structure électriquement conductrice est conçue de telle sorte qu'il existe deux autres bandes conductrices (39, 39a), dont chacune - de manière opposée l'une à l'autre - est raccordée à l'autre capacité de toit (38) à chaque fois dans la zone de l'une des extrémités latérales, est guidée vers la surface de base conductrice (6) à une certaine distance du bord latéral de la structure triangulaire (4) ou de la structure conique et est reliée de manière conductrice à celle-ci à son extrémité inférieure.
  8. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que
    au moins l'une des autres bandes conductrices (39, 39a) est guidée à une distance de couplage de bandes conductrices (41) respectivement de façon sensiblement parallèle à une première bande conductrice (15, 15a) et reliée de manière conductrice à la surface de base conductrice (6) à son extrémité inférieure.
  9. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 8, caractérisée en ce que
    la première structure électriquement conductrice et l'autre structure électriquement conductrice sont appliquées ensemble sur une carte de circuit imprimé par revêtement métallique (33) et l'emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3) de l'antenne monopôle à large bande (0) est réalisé à l'extrémité inférieure de la carte de circuit imprimé, de préférence sous la forme d'une connexion enfichable (45) avec un point de raccordement de masse (7) et un point de raccordement de surface de base (43) sur la surface de base conductrice (6).
  10. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que
    la première structure rectangulaire (16) et/ou l'autre structure plane (42) sont formées sensiblement par des lamelles en forme de bande (19, 20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) s'étendant séparément les unes des autres de manière électriquement conductrice, mais se rejoignant à leur extrémité.
  11. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que
    un conducteur de couplage (35) relié à la première capacité de toit (10), à haute impédance inductive au moins dans la gamme de fréquences de la bande supérieure (O), est présent, qui est relié de manière électriquement conductrice à la surface de base conductrice (6) à son extrémité inférieure.
  12. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 11, caractérisée en ce que
    la première structure électriquement conductrice comprend deux structures triangulaires planes (4a, 4b) qui sont formées sensiblement par deux triangles dressés sur la pointe, dont les normales à la surface se trouvent dans le même plan que les normales à la surface de la première structure rectangulaire (16), les structures triangulaires (4a, 4b) étant formées par des lamelles (20a, 20b) en forme de bande partant de l'emplacement de raccordement d'antenne (3) et les structures triangulaires (4a, 4b) étant chacune coudées d'un angle de déviation (49) par rapport à un axe central (Z).
  13. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que
    les triangles (4a, 4b) coudés de l'angle de déviation (49) sont décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre d'une longueur de décalage (50) à peu près symétriquement par rapport au point de raccordement d'antenne (5) par leurs pointes de triangle et sont reliés entre eux et à la première bande conductrice (15) par un conducteur de liaison (48) guidé parallèlement à la surface de base (6) à une distance de surface de base (51) en un point de ramification (47) et le point de raccordement d'antenne (5) est formé à partir de ce dernier.
  14. Antenne monopôle à large bande (0) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que
    entre la première structure conductrice et l'autre structure conductrice, de préférence entre la structure rectangulaire conductrice (16) et l'autre structure rectangulaire (42), un conducteur de test avec une résistance à haute impédance en courant continu est connecté à des fins de test de raccordement de l'antenne.
EP15766456.6A 2014-09-21 2015-09-17 Antenne unipolaire à bande large à structure multiple pour deux bandes de fréquence séparées par un espace blanc dans la plage d'ondes décimétriques, destinée à des véhicules Active EP3178129B1 (fr)

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DE102014013926.3A DE102014013926A1 (de) 2014-09-21 2014-09-21 Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich für Fahrzeuge
PCT/EP2015/071294 WO2016042061A1 (fr) 2014-09-21 2015-09-17 Antenne unipolaire à bande large à structure multiple pour deux bandes de fréquence séparées par un espace blanc dans la plage d'ondes décimétriques, destinée à des véhicules

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WO2016042061A1 (fr) 2016-03-24
CN107078382B (zh) 2020-08-04
US20170294714A1 (en) 2017-10-12
US10305191B2 (en) 2019-05-28
CN107078382A (zh) 2017-08-18
EP3178129A1 (fr) 2017-06-14
DE102014013926A1 (de) 2016-03-24

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