EP3177698B1 - Apparatus and method for the catalytic pressure-free depolymerisation - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for the catalytic pressure-free depolymerisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3177698B1
EP3177698B1 EP16702889.3A EP16702889A EP3177698B1 EP 3177698 B1 EP3177698 B1 EP 3177698B1 EP 16702889 A EP16702889 A EP 16702889A EP 3177698 B1 EP3177698 B1 EP 3177698B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
separator
mixing reactor
mixing
oil
reactor
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3177698A1 (en
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Kurt BÖHME
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Innoil AG
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Innoil AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • C10G1/083—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts in the presence of a solvent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input material.
  • the catalysts used are, for example, zeolites or ion-exchanging catalysts.
  • additives such as thermal oils for the reaction and calcium hydroxide or soda are added for neutralization with sulfur, fluorine or chlorine-containing input material.
  • the problem with the catalytically depressurised oiling is the residual moisture contained in the input material and the exclusion of ambient air and oxygen.
  • the overheated and only slightly dewatered product is transferred in the further process in a separator, by opening and closing a main valve. Again, a continuous distillation of middle distillate is not possible.
  • the EP 1 538 191 A1 discloses a process for the catalytic production of diesel oil at a temperature between 300 to 400 ° C with alkaline doped aluminum silicates as a catalyst.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the process of catalytically unpressurized oiling, so that a high quality diesel fuel is produced industrially and economically.
  • a device of the type mentioned comprising: at least one oil reservoir with oil (carrier oil), at least two mixing reactors, wherein in a first mixing reactor input material is miscible and preheatable, and wherein the first mixing reactor is a mixing / comminution reactor and in the first mixing reactor a fine comminution is integrated, with which the input material of edge length 40 mm can be reduced to ⁇ 4 mm, a liquid entry from the first mixing reactor in the second mixing reactor, a separator, wherein the separator one or more catalysts are fed, a Liquid input from the second mixing reactor in the separator, a below the minimum level arranged material supply to the second mixing reactor and separator, a friction turbine for the heat input and the mechanical processing of the input material, a separator downstream of the centrifuge for oil pollgewi The separation and separation of solids, a combined heat and power plant and the clean combustion of low-grade gases, an automatically controlled and coupled cooling and thermal management and an automatically controlled and coupled
  • the water is completely evaporated. Furthermore, it needs a separator for the production of middle distillate (diesel), a friction turbine for the heat input and the mechanical processing of the input material, a centrifuge for oil recovery and separation of solids, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) for electricity and heat generation and for clean burning of lower-value gases which can be obtained in the process according to the invention (LEAVES kdV process). All these components have an automatically controlled and coupled cooling and heat management. All components mentioned also have an automatically controlled and coupled material dosing management.
  • Input material which is used for diesel production, such as sawdust or wood shavings, miscanthus, plastics, etc., always has a certain residual moisture, so accounts for a ton of chips with 15% residual moisture 150 l of water.
  • This residual moisture which disturbs the catalytic pressure-free oiling, is completely evaporated in the second mixing reactor and thus removed from the process. In this way it is prevented that moisture or gases, such as ambient air / oxygen, gets into the separator due to the constant introduction of material, between mixing reactors and separator.
  • the first mixing reactor preferably has a bell, with the rising vapors, especially water vapor, which are formed in the first mixing reactor, can be collected. Any condensate (water) is collected in a container.
  • the first mixing reactor is a mixing / crushing reactor in which input material is comminuted.
  • the first mixing reactor has a fine comminution, which comminutes the input material (input material) of edge lengths 40 mm to ⁇ 4 mm. The resulting heat is used directly to increase the temperature.
  • the oil reservoir, the first mixing reactor, the second mixing reactor and the separator are preferably arranged in different heights, wherein the oil reservoir is higher than the first mixing reactor and this higher than the second mixing reactor and this is higher than the separator. All material transport between the oil reservoir, the mixing reactors and the separator is based on the law of gravity. Therefore, it can be dispensed with a use of feed pumps for the transport of the individual substances between the containers. This is achieved by setting up the containers at different heights to each other. The material flow can thus always flow from the upper to the lower container only in one direction.
  • the second mixing reactor and the separator have a separately controllable vacuum.
  • the oil-input material mixture, between the containers if necessary, accelerated replaced, or used for cleaning the piping and metering devices.
  • the material supply to the second mixer and separator is below the minimum level, via specially developed dosing devices. These are located between the containers and are specially designed for each system size.
  • the metering devices, the mixing reactors and / or the separator in the bottom area are additionally equipped with strong magnets, such as neodymium magnets.
  • the mixing reactors and the separator are equipped with cooling and heating.
  • the cooling and heating of the separator-Friktionsturbinen cycle and the various mixing reactors via separate circuits. These can be operated alone, in series or in parallel via an integrated control system. Only then is it possible to achieve stable processing temperatures. The temperatures are electronically measured, recorded and processed electronically.
  • the temperature in the mixing reactors and the separator can preferably be increased directly via a friction turbine.
  • the temperature in the separator can preferably be cooled directly via a friction turbine via a connection to one or both mixing reactors and / or to the oil supply.
  • turbine-separator circuit can be cooled directly with cooler mixer ( ⁇ T 200 K) from the mixing reactor (mixer).
  • the tanks are equipped with at least one special agitator to prevent coke from sticking to the heating and cooling coils and the inner walls of the boilers.
  • the carrier oil in the mixed reactors mixed vessels
  • the separator and the oil in the heating and cooling circuit via the exhaust gases of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) and heated by an external, direct, integrated thermal oil heating.
  • the input materials (input materials) with the carrier oil in the mixing reactors are brought directly to operating temperature by appropriate control and regulation processes via the friction turbine.
  • the external thermal oil heater is used for temperature stability (cooling and heating) and pre-drying of the input material.
  • the upstream mixing reactors mixing vessels
  • the input material located therein are specifically heated or the excess heat is used to dry the input material or to dry the solids.
  • the friction turbine is equipped with a special injection system, which is directly connected to the second mixing reactor.
  • the friction turbine can thus be cooled directly.
  • Temperature management is the key and therefore contributes to a significant improvement in the process and the quality of the products.
  • a centrifuge Downstream of the separator, a centrifuge is arranged, wherein the centrifuge is adapted to separate solids from liquids.
  • the plant has a centrifuge for separation of (carrier) oil and solids. This is located between the separator and a downstream residue and drying plant.
  • the centrifuge can be bypassed, whereby the (carrier) oil input material mixture can be driven directly in the circle and to the various mixers.
  • the input material is comminuted in step (a) in the first mixing reactor, wherein a mixing / crushing reactor is used as the first mixing reactor.
  • the oil is preferably mixed with the input material at a temperature below the melting point of the input material and below 100 ° C and transferred under exclusion of oxygen in the second mixing reactor.
  • the input material is mixed and preheated in an additionally upstream mixing reactor (mixing tank).
  • mixing tank an additionally upstream mixing reactor
  • the oil is separated after centrifuging in the separator by centrifugation of solids.
  • the carrier oil-residue mixture is collected in an upstream container in front of the centrifuge and cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C.
  • the recovered oil from the centrifuge is preferably recycled back to the oil reservoir and thus to the processing loop.
  • the recovered oil (carrier oil) from the centrifuge is stored in an isolated and temperature-controlled tank (with active cooling). From there, the oil can be returned to the circulation, cooling and heating, to the various containers.
  • the solids fraction separated in the centrifuge is sent to the waste material drying plant for further utilization.
  • the Leaves kdv process provides a closed loop, preventing the formation of dioxins or furans due to the low process temperatures of up to 350 ° C. Solely by the clean combustion of diesel fuel in the CHP (heat and power generation) with the integrated emission control system, no pollutants are released in the process according to the invention except CO 2 .
  • the process is suitable for the implementation of a wide range of input materials (examples below), such as waste oils, waxes, fats of all kinds, plastic waste such as PVC, rubber, car tires, refining residues, bitumen, tar, sewage sludge, paper sludge, household waste, hospital waste (sterilized, dehydrated, dried), agricultural residues (animal waste products, spoiled food, beer grains, oil press cake, green waste).
  • waste oils such as waxes, fats of all kinds
  • plastic waste such as PVC, rubber, car tires
  • refining residues bitumen, tar, sewage sludge, paper sludge, household waste, hospital waste (sterilized, dehydrated, dried), agricultural residues (animal waste products, spoiled food, beer grains, oil press cake, green waste).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plant for catalytically depressurized oilification with a mixer 1, a separator 2 and a turbine 11 is shown.
  • the turbine is powered by a CHP 10.
  • the mixer 1 input materials 3 ( ⁇ 4 mm), such as wood, catalyst 24 and neutralizer 25, fed and heavily contaminated water 4 and exhaust gases 5 discharged.
  • the mixer 1 is in exchange with the separator 2 from which both a recovered diesel-like product 6 as well as residues (residual catalyst-carrier oil mixture) are discharged.
  • the residues are fed to an ashing 7 and separated into bitumen 8 or ash 9.
  • the resulting gases are liquefied or burned in the CHP 10. This process is equivalent to pyrolysis.
  • the exhaust gases of the combined heat and power plant (CHP) 10 are fed to the mixer 1.
  • the power generated drives an electric motor, which with the turbine 11 connected to.
  • the turbine 11 is connected to the separator 2 suction and pressure side.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 are schematic representations of the plant according to the invention for catalytically depressurized oiling, with an oil reservoir 12, a first mixing reactor 13, a second mixing reactor 14, a separator 2, a turbine 11, a CHP 10, a centrifuge 18 and a drying unit 21 shown.
  • the plant according to the invention for catalytically unpressurized oiling is designed for continuous commercial-industrial operation.
  • first mixing reactor 13 and second mixing reactor 14 in the exchange of the oil-input material mixture is based on the law of gravity.
  • the turbine 11, the various containers of the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the separator 2 are arranged in different heights.
  • a backflow of the oil-input material mixture in a higher-lying container is only possible if it is wanted (for example, by a different controllable vacuum).
  • the oil reservoir 12, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil reservoirs 12-1, 12-3, 12-3, the replacement of the oil-input material mixture can be accelerated.
  • the level in the separator 2, the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil supplies 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 is electronically measured and detected redundantly.
  • the separator 2 the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil supplies 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 are equipped with an integrated active cooling and active heating. This will be stable Processing temperatures, which are necessary in the catalytically depressurized oilification or evaporation of water.
  • the temperatures in the containers are electronically measured and recorded redundantly.
  • the cooling as well as the heating of the containers takes place via separate cooling and heating circuits. These are connected to the community tank (oil stocks 12-1, 12-2, 12-3), in addition, parallel cooling circuits are integrated.
  • the waste heat and the exhaust heat of the CHP 10 is also integrated for this purpose.
  • an open mixing / comminution reactor 13 with an additionally integrated comminution unit in front of the closed second mixing reactor 14 is installed.
  • the carrier oil 19 is mixed with the input material 15 at an adapted temperature below the melting point of the input material 15 and below 100 ° C (the boiling point of water).
  • the first mixing reactor or the mixing / comminution reactor 13 is a bell for collecting fumes and water 16 is attached. Any condensate (water 16) is collected in a container. Other odors are routed via a pipe, which is connected to the CHP 10, to the internal combustion engine of the CHP 10th sucked and burned.
  • the various materials 15 Before introducing the various materials 15 into the mixing / comminution reactor 13, they are again separated from magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants and long parts and detected by a weighing system.
  • the pretreatment of the input materials 15 takes place spatially separated, in a so-called AAZ (acceptance processing and intermediate storage). There, if necessary, various process steps, such as crushing, screening, sorting, drying and storage are made.
  • the plant has a centrifuge 18 for the separation of (carrier) oil 19 and residues / solids 20. This is located between separator 2 and drying plant 21st
  • the recovered (carrier) oil 19 from the centrifuge 18 is stored in an isolated temperature-controllable tank (oil reservoir 12-1, 12-2, 12-3). This is provided with different sampling points. From there, the oil 19 can be recirculated at very different temperatures or used for cooling / heating.
  • the required energy comes from the exhaust gases of the cogeneration plant 10. These heat temperature-controlled thermal oil, which heats the drying plant 21.
  • the solids 20 are further processed or disposed of 22.
  • the dried solids 20 can be mixed with wood chips and further processed into pellets used as a substitute fuel.
  • solids 20 are classified as hazardous, they can be processed into bitumen 8 or disposed of in accordance with statutory regulations.
  • the gases produced during drying are fed to the exhaust gas recirculation from the internal combustion engine of the combined heat and power plant 10 in order to completely burn there.
  • the extracted by the vacuum pump gases are also supplied to the CHP 10, but added only to the normal intake air of the engine.
  • the oil reservoir 12 is filled by the recovered carrier oil 19 or by new oil 19 from an oil drum 23.
  • the separator 2 as needed, one or more catalysts 24 and additives and one or more neutralizers 25 supplied and the diesel obtained in the process 26 taken.
  • FIG. 3 will be one compared to FIG. 2 Detailed diagram of the catalytically depressurized Verlolung shown, showing an emergency lowering tank 27, in the case of danger material (solids and liquids) from the first and second mixing reactor 13, 14 and the separator 2 in the emergency lowering tank 27 can be passed.
  • danger material solids and liquids
  • the input materials 15 must be prepared accordingly.
  • the aim is to generate a homogeneous, freed of impurities input material 15, which meets the requirements of the catalytically depressurised oiling. These include comminution, sorting, drying and proper intermediate storage.
  • the pretreatment of the input materials 15, such as crushing, screening, sorting, drying, is carried out separately in a so-called AAZ (acceptance processing and intermediate processing stage).
  • the present invention relates to a device for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input material 15, comprising: at least one oil reservoir 12, 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 with oil 19, at least two mixing reactors, wherein in a first mixing reactor 13 input material 15th
  • the invention further relates to a process for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input materials 15, comprising the steps of: comminuting, mixing and preheating input material 15 with oil 19 from an oil reservoir 12 in a first mixing reactor 13 , Conversion of the mixed and preheated input material 15, with exclusion of oxygen, in a second mixing reactor 14, thermolysis of the oil input material mixture, transferring the oil input material mixture, with exclusion of oxygen, in a separator 2 and oiling the oil input material mixture in the separator second
  • the heat input into the carrier oil input material takes place through a friction turbine 11.
  • the distillation of middle distillate takes place in separator 2.
  • the entire process is automatically operated temperature-controlled.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigem Eingangsmaterial.The invention relates to a device and a method for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input material.

Bei der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung (kdV) werden durch Depolymerisation künstliche oder natürliche Polymere und langkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe unter Zusatz eines Katalysators ohne Überdruck bei Temperaturen unter 400 °C in kurzkettige aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe umgewandelt. Die so erhaltenen brennbaren Kohlenwasserstoffe können als (Diesel-)Kraftstoffe verwendet werden.In catalytically depressurised oilation (kdV), artificial or natural polymers and long-chain hydrocarbons are converted into short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons by addition of a catalyst without overpressure at temperatures below 400 ° C. by depolymerization. The combustible hydrocarbons thus obtained can be used as (diesel) fuels.

Als Katalysatoren werden beispielsweise Zeolithe oder ionenaustauschende Katalysatoren eingesetzt. Des Weiteren werden Zusatzstoffe wie Thermoöle zur Reaktionsvermittlung und Calciumhydroxid oder Soda zur Neutralisation bei schwefel-, fluor- oder chlorhaltigem Eingangsmaterial zugesetzt.The catalysts used are, for example, zeolites or ion-exchanging catalysts. In addition, additives such as thermal oils for the reaction and calcium hydroxide or soda are added for neutralization with sulfur, fluorine or chlorine-containing input material.

Problematisch bei der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung ist die im Eingangsmaterial enthaltende Restfeuchte und der Ausschluss von Umgebungsluft und Sauerstoff.The problem with the catalytically depressurised oiling is the residual moisture contained in the input material and the exclusion of ambient air and oxygen.

Beim Materialeintrag von oben oder unten in den Mischer, wird, da es sich um loses und feuchtes Eingangsmaterial handelt, zusätzlich Sauerstoff mit der Umgebungsluft eingetragen. Diese feuchte Mischung aus Eingangsmaterial und Umgebungsluft/Sauerstoff fällt in einen geschlossenen mit heißem Öl befüllten Behälter (Mischreaktor). In diesem wird das Eingangsmaterial (Inputmaterial) mit dem Trägeröl vermischt und mit fortlaufendem Prozess immer stärker erwärmt, verrührt und aufgekocht. Die Reaktion ist eine unkontrollierte Dampf-/Gas-Entwicklung. Es kommt zum Aufschäumen und Hochkochen des Eingangsmaterials im Mischreaktor. Eine saubere und kontinuierliche Destillation von Wasser ist somit nicht möglich.When material is introduced from above or below into the mixer, since it is loose and moist input material, additional oxygen is added to the ambient air. This moist mixture of input material and ambient air / oxygen falls into a closed container filled with hot oil (mixing reactor). In this, the input material (input material) is mixed with the carrier oil and heated with increasing process, stirred and boiled more and more. The reaction is an uncontrolled vapor / gas evolution. It comes to frothing and boiling the input material in the mixing reactor. A clean and continuous Distillation of water is therefore not possible.

Das überhitzte und nur gering entwässerte Produkt wird im weiteren Prozess in einen Separator, durch Öffnen und Schließen eines Hauptventils, überführt. Auch hier ist eine kontinuierliche Destillation von Mitteldestillat nicht möglich.The overheated and only slightly dewatered product is transferred in the further process in a separator, by opening and closing a main valve. Again, a continuous distillation of middle distillate is not possible.

Die Folge im fortlaufenden Prozess ist:

  1. 1. Eine gezielte, saubere Destillation von Mitteldestillat im Separator und von Wasser im Mischreaktor ist im kontinuierlichen Betrieb nicht möglich.
  2. 2. Da die bestehenden Anlagen über keine ausreichende Kühlung verfügen, überhitzen sich die Inputstoffe und das Trägeröl, welches sich mit zunehmender Temperatur in seine Bestandteile auflöst.
  3. 3. Der Prozess bricht aus den in Punkt 2 beschriebenen Problemen schon nach sehr kurzer Zeit zusammen. Ein weiterer Nebeneffekt ist die Produktion von Furanen und Dioxinen, welche sich in allen Ausgangsprodukten ansammeln.
The consequence of the ongoing process is:
  1. 1. A targeted, clean distillation of middle distillate in the separator and water in the mixing reactor is not possible in continuous operation.
  2. 2. Since the existing plants do not have sufficient cooling, the input materials and the carrier oil overheat, which dissolve into its constituents with increasing temperature.
  3. 3. The process breaks down from the problems described in point 2 after a very short time together. Another side effect is the production of furans and dioxins, which accumulate in all starting materials.

Die EP 1 538 191 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur katalytischen Erzeugung von Dieselöl bei einer Temperatur zwischen 300 bis 400 °C mit alkalisch dotierten Aluminiumsilikaten als Katalysator.The EP 1 538 191 A1 discloses a process for the catalytic production of diesel oil at a temperature between 300 to 400 ° C with alkaline doped aluminum silicates as a catalyst.

In der DE 10 2012 022 710 A1 wird eine mobile Anlage zur Umwandlung von Erdöl, Kohle, Biomasse und industriellen und kommunalen Abfällen zu Mitteldestillaten beschrieben.In the DE 10 2012 022 710 A1 A mobile plant for the conversion of oil, coal, biomass and industrial and municipal waste into middle distillates is described.

Außerdem wird in der DE 10 2010 018 320 A1 ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Hydrierung von Reststoffen zu Mitteldestillat und deren Entschwefelung beschrieben.In addition, in the DE 10 2010 018 320 A1 a method and apparatus for the catalytic hydrogenation of residues to middle distillate and their desulfurization described.

Weiterhin werden in der DE 10 2010 060 675 A1 ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Dieselöl aus kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Roh- und Reststoffen und in der WO 2009/095888 A2 eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abfallmaterial beschrieben.Furthermore, in the DE 10 2010 060 675 A1 a method of extraction of diesel oil from hydrocarbonaceous raw materials and residues and in the WO 2009/095888 A2 a device for the treatment of waste material described.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, das Verfahren der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung zu optimieren, so dass ein hochwertiger Dieselkraftstoff industriell und wirtschaftlich erzeugt wird.The object of the invention is to optimize the process of catalytically unpressurized oiling, so that a high quality diesel fuel is produced industrially and economically.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, umfassend: mindestens einen Ölvorrat mit Öl (Trägeröl), mindestens zwei Mischreaktoren, wobei in einem ersten Mischreaktor Eingangsmaterial mischbar und vorwärmbar ist, und wobei der erste Mischreaktor ein Misch/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor ist und in dem ersten Mischreaktor eine Feinzerkleinerung integriert ist, mit der das Eingangsmaterial von Kantenlänge 40 mm auf < 4 mm zerkleinerbar ist, einen Flüssigeintrag vom ersten Mischreaktor in den zweiten Mischreaktor, einen Separator, wobei dem Separator ein oder mehrere Katalysatoren zuführbar sind, einen Flüssigeintrag vom zweiten Mischreaktor in den Separator, eine unterhalb des Minimalfüllstands angeordnete Materialzuführung in den zweiten Mischreaktor und Separator, eine Friktionsturbine für den Wärmeeintrag und die mechanische Bearbeitung des Eingangsmaterials, eine dem Separator nachgeordnete Zentrifuge zur Öl-Rückgewinnung und Separation von Feststoffen, ein Blockheizkraftwerk zur Strom und Wärmeerzeugung und zum sauberen Verbrennen von niederwertigen Gasen, ein automatisch gesteuertes und verkoppeltes Kühl- und Wärmemanagement und ein automatisch gesteuertes und gekoppeltes Materialdosier-Management, wobei der zweite Mischreaktor und der Separator über ein getrennt steuerbares Vakuum verfügen, wobei der erste Mischreaktor und der zweite Mischreaktor mit mindestens einem speziellen Rührwerk ausgestattet sind, um ein Anhaften von Koks an Heiz- und Kühlschlangen sowie den Innenwänden der Kessel zu vermeiden, und wobei der Separator, der mindestens eine Ölvorrat, der erste Mischreaktor und der zweite Mischreaktor mit einer integrierten Aktivkühlung sowie Aktivheizung ausgestattet sind.The object of the present invention is achieved by a device of the type mentioned, comprising: at least one oil reservoir with oil (carrier oil), at least two mixing reactors, wherein in a first mixing reactor input material is miscible and preheatable, and wherein the first mixing reactor is a mixing / comminution reactor and in the first mixing reactor a fine comminution is integrated, with which the input material of edge length 40 mm can be reduced to <4 mm, a liquid entry from the first mixing reactor in the second mixing reactor, a separator, wherein the separator one or more catalysts are fed, a Liquid input from the second mixing reactor in the separator, a below the minimum level arranged material supply to the second mixing reactor and separator, a friction turbine for the heat input and the mechanical processing of the input material, a separator downstream of the centrifuge for oil Rückgewi The separation and separation of solids, a combined heat and power plant and the clean combustion of low-grade gases, an automatically controlled and coupled cooling and thermal management and an automatically controlled and coupled material metering management, the second mixing reactor and the separator via a separately controllable Have vacuum, wherein the first mixing reactor and the second mixing reactor are equipped with at least one special agitator to prevent adhesion of coke to heating and cooling coils and the inner walls of the boiler, and wherein the separator, the at least one oil reservoir, the first mixing reactor and the second mixing reactor is equipped with an integrated active cooling and active heating.

Im zweiten Mischreaktor wird das Wasser vollständig ausgedampft. Des Weiteren braucht es einen Separator zur Herstellung von Mitteldestillat (Diesel), eine Friktionsturbine für den Wärmeeintrag und die mechanische Bearbeitung des Eingangsmaterials, eine Zentrifuge zur Öl-Rückgewinnung und Separation von Feststoffen, ein Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) zur Strom und Wärmeerzeugung und zum sauberen Verbrennen von niederwertigen Gasen welche beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren (LEAVES-kdV-Prozess) anfallen können. Alle genannten Komponenten verfügen über ein automatisch gesteuertes und verkoppeltes Kühl- und Wärmemanagement. Auch verfügen alle genannten Komponenten über ein automatisch gesteuertes und gekoppeltes Materialdosier-Management.In the second mixing reactor, the water is completely evaporated. Furthermore, it needs a separator for the production of middle distillate (diesel), a friction turbine for the heat input and the mechanical processing of the input material, a centrifuge for oil recovery and separation of solids, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) for electricity and heat generation and for clean burning of lower-value gases which can be obtained in the process according to the invention (LEAVES kdV process). All these components have an automatically controlled and coupled cooling and heat management. All components mentioned also have an automatically controlled and coupled material dosing management.

Eingangsmaterial, welches zur Dieselherstellung verwendet wird, wie zum Beispiel Säge- oder Hobelspäne, Miscanthus, Kunststoffe, etc., besitzt immer eine gewisse Restfeuchte, so entfallen auf eine Tonne Späne mit 15 % Restfeuchte 150 l Wasser. Diese die katalytische drucklose Verölung störende Restfeuchte wird in dem zweiten Mischreaktor vollständig verdampft und so dem Prozess entzogen. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, dass durch den ständigen Materialeintrag, zwischen Mischreaktoren und Separator Feuchtigkeit oder Gase, wie Umgebungsluft/Sauerstoff, in den Separator gerät.Input material, which is used for diesel production, such as sawdust or wood shavings, miscanthus, plastics, etc., always has a certain residual moisture, so accounts for a ton of chips with 15% residual moisture 150 l of water. This residual moisture, which disturbs the catalytic pressure-free oiling, is completely evaporated in the second mixing reactor and thus removed from the process. In this way it is prevented that moisture or gases, such as ambient air / oxygen, gets into the separator due to the constant introduction of material, between mixing reactors and separator.

Der erste Mischreaktor weist vorzugsweise eine Glocke auf, mit der aufsteigende Dämpfe, insbesondere Wasserdampf, die im ersten Mischreaktor entstehen, auffangbar sind. Anfallendes Kondensat (Wasser) wird in einem Behälter aufgefangen.The first mixing reactor preferably has a bell, with the rising vapors, especially water vapor, which are formed in the first mixing reactor, can be collected. Any condensate (water) is collected in a container.

Der erste Mischreaktor ist ein Misch-/Zerkleinerungsreaktor, in dem Eingangsmaterial zerkleinerbar ist. So weist der erste Mischreaktor eine Feinzerkleinerung auf, die das Eingangsmaterial (Inputmaterial) von Kantenlängen 40 mm auf < 4 mm zerkleinert. Die dabei entstehende Wärme wird direkt zur Temperaturerhöhung genutzt.The first mixing reactor is a mixing / crushing reactor in which input material is comminuted. Thus, the first mixing reactor has a fine comminution, which comminutes the input material (input material) of edge lengths 40 mm to <4 mm. The resulting heat is used directly to increase the temperature.

Außerdem wird durch einen Flüssigeintrag vom ersten Mischreaktor (Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor) in den zweiten Mischreaktor, sowie in den Separator ein Ausschluss von Umgebungsluft und Sauerstoff garantiert.In addition, an exclusion of ambient air and oxygen is guaranteed by a liquid entry from the first mixing reactor (mixing / comminution reactor) in the second mixing reactor, as well as in the separator.

Der Ölvorrat, der erste Mischreaktor, der zweite Mischreaktor und der Separator sind vorzugsweise höhenunterschiedlich angeordnet, wobei der Ölvorrat höher als der erste Mischreaktor und dieser höher als der zweite Mischreaktor und dieser höher als der Separator angeordnet ist. Der gesamte Materialtransport zwischen dem Ölvorrat, den Mischreaktoren und dem Separator beruht auf dem Gesetz der Schwerkraft. Daher kann auf eine Verwendung von Förderpumpen für den Transport der einzelnen Stoffe zwischen den Behältern verzichtet werden. Erreicht wird dies durch ein Aufstellen der Behälter in unterschiedlichen Höhen zueinander. Der Materialstrom kann somit vom oberen zum unteren Behälter immer nur in einer Richtung fließen.The oil reservoir, the first mixing reactor, the second mixing reactor and the separator are preferably arranged in different heights, wherein the oil reservoir is higher than the first mixing reactor and this higher than the second mixing reactor and this is higher than the separator. All material transport between the oil reservoir, the mixing reactors and the separator is based on the law of gravity. Therefore, it can be dispensed with a use of feed pumps for the transport of the individual substances between the containers. This is achieved by setting up the containers at different heights to each other. The material flow can thus always flow from the upper to the lower container only in one direction.

Der zweite Mischreaktor und der Separator verfügen über ein getrennt steuerbares Vakuum. Damit kann das Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisch, zwischen den Behältern, bei Bedarf beschleunigt ausgetauscht, oder zum Reinigen der Rohrleitungen und Dosiervorrichtungen genutzt werden.The second mixing reactor and the separator have a separately controllable vacuum. Thus, the oil-input material mixture, between the containers, if necessary, accelerated replaced, or used for cleaning the piping and metering devices.

Die Materialzuführung in den zweiten Mischer und Separator erfolgt unterhalb des Minimalfüllstands, über speziell entwickelte Dosiervorrichtungen. Diese befinden sich zwischen den Behältern und sind für jede Anlagengröße speziell ausgelegt.The material supply to the second mixer and separator is below the minimum level, via specially developed dosing devices. These are located between the containers and are specially designed for each system size.

Zum Anlagenschutz sind die Dosiervorrichtungen, die Mischreaktoren und/oder der Separator im Bodenbereich zusätzlich mit starken Magneten, wie Neodym-Magneten, ausgestattet.For plant protection, the metering devices, the mixing reactors and / or the separator in the bottom area are additionally equipped with strong magnets, such as neodymium magnets.

Die Mischreaktoren und der Separator sind mit einer Kühlung und einer Heizung ausgestattet.The mixing reactors and the separator are equipped with cooling and heating.

Die Kühlung und Heizung des Separator-Friktionsturbinen-Kreislaufs und der verschiedenen Mischreaktoren erfolgt über getrennte Kreisläufe. Diese können allein, in Reihe oder auch parallel über eine integrierte Steuerung und Regelung betrieben werden. Nur damit ist es möglich, stabile Verarbeitungstemperaturen zu erreichen. Die Temperaturen werden redundant elektronisch gemessen, erfasst und verarbeitet.The cooling and heating of the separator-Friktionsturbinen cycle and the various mixing reactors via separate circuits. These can be operated alone, in series or in parallel via an integrated control system. Only then is it possible to achieve stable processing temperatures. The temperatures are electronically measured, recorded and processed electronically.

Die Temperatur in den Mischreaktoren und dem Separator ist vorzugsweise direkt über eine Friktionsturbine erhöhbar.The temperature in the mixing reactors and the separator can preferably be increased directly via a friction turbine.

Die Temperatur im Separator ist vorzugsweise direkt über eine Friktionsturbine über eine Verbindung zu einem oder beiden Mischreaktoren und/oder dem Ölvorrat abkühlbar.The temperature in the separator can preferably be cooled directly via a friction turbine via a connection to one or both mixing reactors and / or to the oil supply.

Zusätzlich kann der Turbinen-Separator-Kreislauf direkt mit kühlerem Mischergut (ΔT 200 K) aus dem Mischreaktor (Mischer) gekühlt werden.In addition, the turbine-separator circuit can be cooled directly with cooler mixer (ΔT 200 K) from the mixing reactor (mixer).

Sollte das Kühlsystem ausfallen, werden automatisch Notfallmaßnahmen ergriffen, um Leib und Leben zu schützen. Dem Anlagenschutz wird deshalb oberste Priorität gewidmet.Should the cooling system fail, emergency measures are automatically taken to protect life and limb. System protection is therefore the top priority.

Wenn die Anlage trotzdem einmal überhitzen oder aus dem "Ruder" laufen sollte, muss sie heruntergefahren oder notfallgerecht entleert werden, da auch bei einem kurzzeitigen, unerwünschtem Überhitzen gesundheitsschädliche Dioxine und Furane entstehen.Nevertheless, if the system should overheat or overrun, it must be shut down or emptied in an emergency, as harmful dioxins and furans are produced even in the event of short-term, undesired overheating.

Die Behälter (Mischreaktoren und Ölvorrat) sind mit mindestens einem speziellen Rührwerk ausgestattet, um ein Anhaften von Koks an den Heiz- und Kühlschlangen sowie den Innenwänden der Kessel zu vermeiden.The tanks (mixing reactors and oil reservoir) are equipped with at least one special agitator to prevent coke from sticking to the heating and cooling coils and the inner walls of the boilers.

Zum Anfahren und dem späteren Online-Betrieb der Anlage wird das Trägeröl in den Mischreaktoren (Mischbehältern), dem Separator und das Öl im Heizungs- und Kühlmittelkreislauf über die Abgase eines Blockheizkraftwerks (BHKW) und über eine externe, direkte, integrierte Thermoölheizung erwärmt. Zusätzlich werden die Eingangsstoffe (Inputstoffe) mit dem Trägeröl in den Mischreaktoren durch entsprechende Steuer- und Regelungsprozesse über die Friktionsturbine direkt auf Betriebstemperatur gebracht. Wenn die verschiedenen Betriebstemperaturen in den Behältern erreicht sind, wird die externe Thermoölheizung zur Temperaturstabilität (Kühlen und Heizen) und zum Vortrocknen des Eingangsmaterials eingesetzt.To start up and later online operation of the system, the carrier oil in the mixed reactors (mixing vessels), the separator and the oil in the heating and cooling circuit via the exhaust gases of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) and heated by an external, direct, integrated thermal oil heating. In addition, the input materials (input materials) with the carrier oil in the mixing reactors are brought directly to operating temperature by appropriate control and regulation processes via the friction turbine. When the various operating temperatures in the tanks are reached, the external thermal oil heater is used for temperature stability (cooling and heating) and pre-drying of the input material.

Mit dem ständigen Wärmeüberschuss der eingesetzten Friktionsturbine werden die vorgeschalteten Mischreaktoren (Mischbehälter) und das darin befindliche Eingangsmaterial gezielt erhitzt oder die überschüssige Wärme wird zum Trocknen des Eingangsmaterial oder zur Nachtrocknung der Feststoffe mit eingesetzt.With the constant heat surplus of the friction turbine used, the upstream mixing reactors (mixing vessels) and the input material located therein are specifically heated or the excess heat is used to dry the input material or to dry the solids.

Damit die Anlage auch bei höheren Umgebungstemperaturen (> 35 °C) kontinuierlich ohne großen zusätzlichen Kühlaufwand betrieben werden kann, wird die Friktionsturbine mit einem speziellen Einspritzsystem, welches direkt mit dem zweiten Mischreaktor verbunden ist, ausgerüstet. Die Friktionsturbine kann somit direkt gekühlt werden.So that the system can be operated continuously even at higher ambient temperatures (> 35 ° C) without much additional cooling, the friction turbine is equipped with a special injection system, which is directly connected to the second mixing reactor. The friction turbine can thus be cooled directly.

Das Temperaturmanagement ist der Schlüssel und trägt somit zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung des Verfahrensablaufs und der Qualität der Produkte bei.Temperature management is the key and therefore contributes to a significant improvement in the process and the quality of the products.

Dem Separator nachgeordnet ist eine Zentrifuge angeordnet, wobei die Zentrifuge dazu geeignet ist, Feststoffe von Flüssigkeiten abzutrennen.Downstream of the separator, a centrifuge is arranged, wherein the centrifuge is adapted to separate solids from liquids.

Die Anlage verfügt über eine Zentrifuge zur Trennung von (Träger-)ÖI und Feststoffen. Diese befindet sich zwischen dem Separator und einer nachgeschalteten Reststoff- und Trocknungsanlage.The plant has a centrifuge for separation of (carrier) oil and solids. This is located between the separator and a downstream residue and drying plant.

Durch entsprechende Rohrleitungen und Ventile kann die Zentrifuge umgangen werden, wodurch das (Träger-)ÖI-Eingangsmaterialgemisch auch im Kreis und zu den verschiedenen Mischern direkt gefahren werden kann.Through appropriate piping and valves, the centrifuge can be bypassed, whereby the (carrier) oil input material mixture can be driven directly in the circle and to the various mixers.

Des Weiteren wird die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung durch ein Verfahren zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Eingangsstoffen in der oben beschrieben Vorrichtung gelöst, umfassend die Schritte:

  • (a) Vermischen und Vorwärmen von Eingangsmaterial mit Öl (Trägeröl) aus einem Ölvorrat und Feinzerkleinern des Eingangsmaterials in einem ersten Mischreaktor, wobei in dem als Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor ausgelegten ersten Mischreaktor, das Eingangsmaterial von einer Kantenlänge von 40 mm auf < 4 mm zerkleinert wird,
  • (b) unter Ausschluss von Umgebungsluft (02) wird das vermischte, vorgewärmte und zerkleinerte Eingangsmaterial in einen zweiten Mischreaktor überführt, wobei in dem zweiten Mischreaktor Wasser vollständig ausgedampft wird,
  • (c) Thermolyse des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches bei Prozesstemperaturen von maximal 350 °C,
  • (d) unter Ausschluss von Umgebungsluft wird das vermischte und vorgewärmte Eingangsmaterial (bzw. Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisch) in einen (ersten) Separator überführt,
  • (e) Verölen des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches, durch Depolymerisation unter Zusatz eines Katalysators ohne Überdruck bei Prozesstemperaturen von maximal 350 °C, im Separator, wobei dem Separator ein oder mehrere Katalysatoren zugeführt werden; und
  • f) nach dem Verölen im Separator (2), Trennen des Öls von Feststoffen (20) durch Zentrifugieren.
Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a process for the catalytically depressurised oiling of hydrocarbonaceous starting materials in the device described above, comprising the steps:
  • (a) Mixing and preheating input material with oil (carrier oil) from an oil supply and comminuting the input material in a first mixing reactor, wherein comminuted in the designed as mixing / comminution reactor first mixing reactor, the input material of an edge length of 40 mm to <4 mm becomes,
  • (b) in the absence of ambient air (02) the mixed, preheated and comminuted input material is transferred to a second mixing reactor, wherein in the second mixing reactor water is completely evaporated,
  • (c) thermolysis of the oil input material mixture at process temperatures of a maximum of 350 ° C,
  • (d) in the absence of ambient air, the mixed and preheated input material (or oil input material mixture) is transferred to a (first) separator,
  • (e) oiling the oil-input material mixture, by depolymerization with addition of a catalyst without overpressure at process temperatures of not more than 350 ° C, in the separator, the separator one or more Catalysts are supplied; and
  • f) after oiling in the separator (2), separating the oil from solids (20) by centrifuging.

Das Eingangsmaterial wird in Schritt (a) im erstem Mischreaktor, wobei als erster Mischreaktor ein Misch-/Zerkleinerungsreaktor verwendet wird, zerkleinert. Das Öl wird vorzugsweise mit dem Eingangsmaterial bei einer Temperatur unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Eingangsmaterials und unterhalb von 100 °C vermischt und unter Sauerstoffausschluss in den zweiten Mischreaktor überführt.The input material is comminuted in step (a) in the first mixing reactor, wherein a mixing / crushing reactor is used as the first mixing reactor. The oil is preferably mixed with the input material at a temperature below the melting point of the input material and below 100 ° C and transferred under exclusion of oxygen in the second mixing reactor.

Das Eingangsmaterial wird in einem zusätzlich vorgeschalteten Mischreaktor (Mischbehälter) vermischt und vorgewärmt. Mit diesem System können alle zur Dieselproduktion tauglichen Eingangsmaterialien, unterhalb ihres Schmelzpunktes und unterhalb des Siedepunkts von Wasser bei unterschiedlichsten Temperaturen mit (Träger-)ÖI, vermischt werden.The input material is mixed and preheated in an additionally upstream mixing reactor (mixing tank). With this system, all input materials suitable for diesel production, below their melting point and below the boiling point of water at various temperatures, can be mixed with (carrier) oil.

Es kann daher auf speziell entwickelte Eintragsysteme für die unterschiedlichen Eingangsmaterialien verzichtet werden.It can therefore be dispensed with specially developed entry systems for the different input materials.

Das Öl wird nach dem Verölen im Separator durch Zentrifugieren von Feststoffen getrennt. Dazu wird das Trägeröl-Reststoffgemisch in einem vorgeschalteten Behälter vor der Zentrifuge gesammelt und auf eine Temperatur unterhalb von 100 °C abgekühlt.The oil is separated after centrifuging in the separator by centrifugation of solids. For this purpose, the carrier oil-residue mixture is collected in an upstream container in front of the centrifuge and cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C.

Das zurückgewonnene Öl aus der Zentrifuge wird vorzugsweise zurück in den Ölvorrat und somit in den Verarbeitungskreislauf zurückgeführt.The recovered oil from the centrifuge is preferably recycled back to the oil reservoir and thus to the processing loop.

Das zurückgewonnene Öl (Trägeröl) aus der Zentrifuge wird in einem isolierten und temperaturregulierten Tank (mit Aktivkühlung) zwischengelagert. Von dort kann das Öl in den Kreislauf, zum Kühlen und Heizen, zu den verschiedenen Behältern zurückgeführt werden.The recovered oil (carrier oil) from the centrifuge is stored in an isolated and temperature-controlled tank (with active cooling). From there, the oil can be returned to the circulation, cooling and heating, to the various containers.

Der in der Zentrifuge abgetrennte Feststoffanteil geht zur Weiterverwertung in die Reststoff-Trockungsanlage.The solids fraction separated in the centrifuge is sent to the waste material drying plant for further utilization.

Die abgetrennten Feststoffe aus der Zentrifuge werden vorzugsweise getrocknet und

  • mit organisch aufbereitetem Material vermischt als Brennstoff oder
  • in einem hydrothermalen Verfahren oder durch Sedimentation oder durch Elektrolyse zur Rückgewinnung von Metallen, Mineralien und des im Verfahren verwendeten Katalysators oder
  • zu Bitumen
weiterverarbeitet.The separated solids from the centrifuge are preferably dried and
  • with organically processed material mixed as fuel or
  • in a hydrothermal process or by sedimentation or by electrolysis for the recovery of metals, minerals and the catalyst used in the process or
  • to bitumen
further processed.

Der Leaves-kdv-Prozess stellt einen geschlossenen Kreislauf dar, so dass durch die niedrigen Prozesstemperaturen von maximal 350 °C die Entstehung von Dioxinen oder Furenen verhindert wird. Einzig und allein durch die saubere Verbrennung von Dieselkraftstoff im BHKW (Wärme- und Stromerzeugung) mit der integrierten Abgasreinigungsanlage werden beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren außer CO2 keinerlei Schadstoffe freigesetzt.The Leaves kdv process provides a closed loop, preventing the formation of dioxins or furans due to the low process temperatures of up to 350 ° C. Solely by the clean combustion of diesel fuel in the CHP (heat and power generation) with the integrated emission control system, no pollutants are released in the process according to the invention except CO 2 .

Der Prozess ist geeignet, ein breites Spektrum von Eingangsmaterialien (nachfolgende Beispiele) umzusetzen, wie Altöle, Wachse, Fette aller Art, Kunststoffabfälle, wie PVC, Gummi, Autoreifen, Raffinierrückstände, Bitumen, Teer, Klärschlamm, Papierschlamm, Hausmüll, Krankenhausabfälle (sterilisiert, entwässert, getrocknet), landwirtschaftliche Reststoffe (Tierabfallprodukte, verdorbene Lebensmittel, Biertreber, Ölpresskuchen, Grünschnitt).The process is suitable for the implementation of a wide range of input materials (examples below), such as waste oils, waxes, fats of all kinds, plastic waste such as PVC, rubber, car tires, refining residues, bitumen, tar, sewage sludge, paper sludge, household waste, hospital waste (sterilized, dehydrated, dried), agricultural residues (animal waste products, spoiled food, beer grains, oil press cake, green waste).

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen mit Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Figuren. Im Einzelnen zeigt:

Figur 1:
eine schematische Darstellung der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung gemäß dem Stand der Technik mit Inputmaterial (maximale Kantenlänge ≤ 4 mm),
Figur 2:
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen katalytisch drucklosen Verölung und
Figur 3:
eine weitere schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen katalytisch drucklosen Verölung.
Further details, features and advantages of embodiments of Invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. In detail shows:
FIG. 1:
a schematic representation of the catalytically depressurized oiling according to the prior art with input material (maximum edge length ≤ 4 mm),
FIG. 2:
a schematic representation of a catalytically unpressurized oilification and
FIG. 3:
a further schematic representation of a catalytically unpressurized oilification according to the invention.

In der Figur 1 wird eine schematische Darstellung einer Anlage zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung mit einem Mischer 1, einem Separator 2 und einer Turbine 11 gezeigt. Die Turbine wird von einem BHKW 10 angetrieben.In the FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plant for catalytically depressurized oilification with a mixer 1, a separator 2 and a turbine 11 is shown. The turbine is powered by a CHP 10.

Dem Mischer 1 werden Eingangsstoffe 3 (≤ 4 mm), wie beispielsweise Holz, Katalysator 24 und Neutralisator 25, zugeführt und stark kontaminiertes Wasser 4 und Abgase 5 abgeführt.The mixer 1 input materials 3 (≤ 4 mm), such as wood, catalyst 24 and neutralizer 25, fed and heavily contaminated water 4 and exhaust gases 5 discharged.

Der Mischer 1 steht im Austausch mit dem Separator 2 von dem sowohl ein gewonnenes dieselähnliches Produkt 6 als auch Reststoffe (Reststoff-Katalysator-Trägerölgemisch) abgeführt werden.The mixer 1 is in exchange with the separator 2 from which both a recovered diesel-like product 6 as well as residues (residual catalyst-carrier oil mixture) are discharged.

Die Reststoffe werden einer Veraschung 7 zugeführt und in Bitumen 8 oder Asche 9 aufgetrennt. Die anfallenden Gase werden verflüssigt bzw. im BHKW 10 verbrannt. Dieser Prozess ist mit einer Pyrolyse gleichzusetzen.The residues are fed to an ashing 7 and separated into bitumen 8 or ash 9. The resulting gases are liquefied or burned in the CHP 10. This process is equivalent to pyrolysis.

Die Abgase des Blockheizkraftwerks (BHKW) 10 werden dem Mischer 1 zugeführt. Der erzeugte Strom treibt einen E-Motor, welcher mit der Turbine 11 verbunden ist, an. Die Turbine 11 ist mit dem Separator 2 saug- und druckseitig verbunden.The exhaust gases of the combined heat and power plant (CHP) 10 are fed to the mixer 1. The power generated drives an electric motor, which with the turbine 11 connected to. The turbine 11 is connected to the separator 2 suction and pressure side.

In den Figuren 2 und 3 werden schematische Darstellungen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung, mit einem Ölvorrat 12, einem ersten Mischreaktor 13, einem zweiten Mischreaktor 14, einem Separator 2, einer Turbine 11, einem BHKW 10, einer Zentrifuge 18 und einer Trocknungseinheit 21 gezeigt.In the Figures 2 and 3 are schematic representations of the plant according to the invention for catalytically depressurized oiling, with an oil reservoir 12, a first mixing reactor 13, a second mixing reactor 14, a separator 2, a turbine 11, a CHP 10, a centrifuge 18 and a drying unit 21 shown.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anlage zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung ist für einen wirtschaftlich-industriellen Dauerbetrieb ausgelegt.The plant according to the invention for catalytically unpressurized oiling is designed for continuous commercial-industrial operation.

Das gesamte Verfahren zwischen Turbine 11 und Separator 2, erstem Mischreaktor 13 und zweitem Mischreaktor 14 beim Austausch vom Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisch beruht auf dem Gesetz der Schwerkraft. Dabei werden die Turbine 11, die verschiedenen Behälter des Ölvorrats 12, des ersten Mischreaktors 13, des zweiten Mischreaktors 14 und des Separators 2 höhenunterschiedlich angeordnet. Ein Zurückfließen des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches in einen höher liegenden Behälter ist nur dann möglich, wenn es gewollt ist (beispielsweise durch ein unterschiedlich ansteuerbares Vakuum). Durch unterschiedlich ansteuerbares Vakuum oder Überdruck oder atmosphärischen Druck im Separator 2, dem Ölvorrat 12, dem zweiten Mischreaktor 14 und den Ölvorräten 12-1, 12-3, 12-3 kann der Austausch des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches beschleunigt werden.The entire process between turbine 11 and separator 2, first mixing reactor 13 and second mixing reactor 14 in the exchange of the oil-input material mixture is based on the law of gravity. In this case, the turbine 11, the various containers of the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the separator 2 are arranged in different heights. A backflow of the oil-input material mixture in a higher-lying container is only possible if it is wanted (for example, by a different controllable vacuum). By differently controllable vacuum or pressure or atmospheric pressure in the separator 2, the oil reservoir 12, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil reservoirs 12-1, 12-3, 12-3, the replacement of the oil-input material mixture can be accelerated.

Der Füllstand im Separator 2, dem Ölvorrat 12, dem ersten Mischreaktor 13, dem zweiten Mischreaktor 14 und den Ölvorräten 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 wird redundant elektronisch gemessen und erfasst.The level in the separator 2, the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil supplies 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 is electronically measured and detected redundantly.

Der Separator 2, der Ölvorrat 12, der erste Mischreaktor 13, der zweite Mischreaktor 14 und die Ölvorräte 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 sind mit einer integrierten Aktivkühlung sowie Aktivheizung ausgestattet. Damit werden stabile Verarbeitungstemperaturen erreicht, die bei der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung oder beim Verdampfen von Wasser notwendig sind.The separator 2, the oil reservoir 12, the first mixing reactor 13, the second mixing reactor 14 and the oil supplies 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 are equipped with an integrated active cooling and active heating. This will be stable Processing temperatures, which are necessary in the catalytically depressurized oilification or evaporation of water.

Die Temperaturen in den Behältern werden redundant elektronisch gemessen und erfasst.The temperatures in the containers are electronically measured and recorded redundantly.

Die Kühlung sowie die Heizung der Behälter erfolgen über getrennte Kühl- und Heiz-Kreisläufe. Diese sind mit dem Gemeinschaftstank (Ölvorräte 12-1, 12-2, 12-3) verbunden, zusätzlich sind parallel Kühlkreisläufe integriert.The cooling as well as the heating of the containers takes place via separate cooling and heating circuits. These are connected to the community tank (oil stocks 12-1, 12-2, 12-3), in addition, parallel cooling circuits are integrated.

Die Abwärme sowie die Abgaswärme des BHKW 10 wird zu diesem Zweck ebenfalls mit integriert.The waste heat and the exhaust heat of the CHP 10 is also integrated for this purpose.

Für das Vermischen des Eingangsmaterials 15, zum Beispiel biogene Reste und Industrieabfälle, mit Trägeröl 19 aus dem Ölvorrat 12 wird ein offener Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 mit einer zusätzlich integrierten Zerkleinerungseinheit vor dem geschlossenen zweiten Mischreaktor 14, installiert. Im Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 wird das Trägeröl 19 mit dem Eingangsmaterial 15 bei angepasster Temperatur unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Eingangsmaterials 15 und unterhalb von 100 °C (dem Siedepunkt von Wasser) vermischt.For mixing the input material 15, for example biogenic residues and industrial waste, with carrier oil 19 from the oil reservoir 12, an open mixing / comminution reactor 13 with an additionally integrated comminution unit in front of the closed second mixing reactor 14 is installed. In the mixing / comminution reactor 13, the carrier oil 19 is mixed with the input material 15 at an adapted temperature below the melting point of the input material 15 and below 100 ° C (the boiling point of water).

In dem Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 können alle zur Dieselproduktion tauglichen Eingangsmaterialien 15 bis zu einer Kantenlänge von 40 mm bei unterschiedlichsten Temperaturen mit Trägeröl 19 vermischt werden. Dieses Eintragsystem löst somit komplizierte und teure Eintragsysteme komplett ab.In the mixing / comminution reactor 13, all input materials 15 suitable for diesel production can be mixed with carrier oil 19 up to an edge length of 40 mm at various temperatures. This entry system thus completely solves complicated and expensive entry systems.

Über dem ersten Mischreaktor bzw. den Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 ist eine Glocke zum Auffangen von Dämpfen und Wasser 16 angebracht. Das eventuell anfallende Kondensat (Wasser 16) wird in einem Behälter aufgefangen. Andere Geruchsstoffe werden über eine Leitung, die mit dem BHKW 10 verbunden ist, geleitet, um vom Verbrennungsmotor des BHKW 10 angesaugt und verbrannt zu werden.Above the first mixing reactor or the mixing / comminution reactor 13 is a bell for collecting fumes and water 16 is attached. Any condensate (water 16) is collected in a container. Other odors are routed via a pipe, which is connected to the CHP 10, to the internal combustion engine of the CHP 10th sucked and burned.

Vor dem Einbringen der verschiedenen Materialien 15 in den Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 werden diese nochmals von magnetischen und nichtmagnetischen Störstoffen sowie Langteilen getrennt und von einem Wiegesystem erfasst. Die Vorbehandlung der Eingangsmaterialien 15 erfolgt räumlich getrennt, in einer sogenannten AAZ (Annahmeaufbereitung und Zwischenlagerung). Dort werden, wenn notwendig, verschiedene Verfahrensschritte, wie Zerkleinern, Sieben, Sortieren, Trocknen und Einlagern vorgenommen.Before introducing the various materials 15 into the mixing / comminution reactor 13, they are again separated from magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants and long parts and detected by a weighing system. The pretreatment of the input materials 15 takes place spatially separated, in a so-called AAZ (acceptance processing and intermediate storage). There, if necessary, various process steps, such as crushing, screening, sorting, drying and storage are made.

Die Anlage verfügt über eine Zentrifuge 18 zur Trennung von (Träger-)ÖI 19 und Reststoffen/Feststoffen 20. Diese befindet sich zwischen Separator 2 und Trocknungsanlage 21.The plant has a centrifuge 18 for the separation of (carrier) oil 19 and residues / solids 20. This is located between separator 2 and drying plant 21st

Das zurückgewonnene (Träger-)ÖI 19 aus der Zentrifuge 18 wird in einen isolierten temperaturregulierbaren Tank (Ölvorrat 12-1, 12-2, 12-3) zwischengelagert. Dieser ist mit unterschiedlichen Entnahmestellen versehen. Von dort kann das Öl 19 mit ganz unterschiedlichen Temperaturen in den Kreislauf zurückgeführt oder zum Kühlen/Heizen verwendet werden.The recovered (carrier) oil 19 from the centrifuge 18 is stored in an isolated temperature-controllable tank (oil reservoir 12-1, 12-2, 12-3). This is provided with different sampling points. From there, the oil 19 can be recirculated at very different temperatures or used for cooling / heating.

Die abgetrennten Feststoffe 20 aus der Zentrifuge 18, werden, sofern sie als unbedenklich eingestuft werden (also keine Schwermetallverbindungen oder andere Giftstoffe enthalten), in einer Trocknungsanlage 21 bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 380 °C bei konstanter Temperatur (aus)getrocknet. Die dazu benötigte Energie kommt von den Abgasen des Blockheizkraftwerks 10. Diese erhitzen temperaturgesteuert Thermoöl, welches die Trocknungsanlage 21 beheizt.The separated solids 20 from the centrifuge 18, if they are classified as harmless (ie, do not contain heavy metal compounds or other toxins), dried in a drying plant 21 at temperatures below 380 ° C at a constant temperature (off). The required energy comes from the exhaust gases of the cogeneration plant 10. These heat temperature-controlled thermal oil, which heats the drying plant 21.

Die Feststoffe 20 werden weiterverarbeitet oder entsorgt 22. Dazu können die getrockneten Feststoffe 20 mit Holzspänen vermischt und zu Pellets weiterverarbeitet als Ersatzbrennstoff eingesetzt werden.The solids 20 are further processed or disposed of 22. For this purpose, the dried solids 20 can be mixed with wood chips and further processed into pellets used as a substitute fuel.

Werden die Feststoffe 20 als bedenklich eingestuft, können diese zu Bitumen 8 verarbeitet oder entsprechend den gesetzlichen Vorschriften entsorgt werden.If the solids 20 are classified as hazardous, they can be processed into bitumen 8 or disposed of in accordance with statutory regulations.

Die bei der Trocknung entstehenden Gase werden der Abgasrückführung vom Verbrennungsmotor des Blockheizkraftwerks 10 zugeführt, um dort vollständig zu verbrennen.The gases produced during drying are fed to the exhaust gas recirculation from the internal combustion engine of the combined heat and power plant 10 in order to completely burn there.

Die von den Vakuumpumpen abgesaugten Gase werden ebenfalls dem BHKW 10 zugeführt, jedoch nur der normalen Ansaugluft des Motors beigemischt.The extracted by the vacuum pump gases are also supplied to the CHP 10, but added only to the normal intake air of the engine.

Der Ölvorrat 12 wird durch das zurückgewonnene Trägeröl 19 oder durch neues Öl 19 aus einem Ölfass 23 aufgefüllt.The oil reservoir 12 is filled by the recovered carrier oil 19 or by new oil 19 from an oil drum 23.

Dem Separator 2 werden, je nach Bedarf, ein oder mehrere Katalysatoren 24 und Zusatzstoffe sowie ein oder mehrere Neutralisatoren 25 zugeführt und der im Verfahren gewonnene Diesel 26 entnommen.The separator 2, as needed, one or more catalysts 24 and additives and one or more neutralizers 25 supplied and the diesel obtained in the process 26 taken.

In der Figur 3 wird ein im Vergleich zur Figur 2 detailliertes Schema der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung gezeigt, das einen Notablassbehälter 27 zeigt, in den bei Gefahr Material (Feststoffe und Flüssigkeiten) aus dem ersten und zweiten Mischreaktor 13, 14 und dem Separator 2 in den Notablassbehälter 27 geleitet werden kann.In the FIG. 3 will be one compared to FIG. 2 Detailed diagram of the catalytically depressurized Verlolung shown, showing an emergency lowering tank 27, in the case of danger material (solids and liquids) from the first and second mixing reactor 13, 14 and the separator 2 in the emergency lowering tank 27 can be passed.

Vorprozesse. Materialaufbereitung und Bereitstellung:Preliminary processes. Material preparation and provision:

Damit eine kontinuierliche Dieselproduktion in der erfindungsgemäßen kdV-Anlage möglich ist, müssen die Eingangsmaterialien 15 entsprechend aufbereitet werden. Ziel ist es, ein homogenes, von Störstoffen befreites Eingangsmaterial 15 zu generieren, welches den Anforderungen der katalytisch drucklosen Verölung entspricht. Hierunter fallen die Zerkleinerung, die Sortierung sowie die Trocknung und die fachgerechte Zwischenlagerung.For a continuous diesel production in the kdV system according to the invention is possible, the input materials 15 must be prepared accordingly. The aim is to generate a homogeneous, freed of impurities input material 15, which meets the requirements of the catalytically depressurised oiling. These include comminution, sorting, drying and proper intermediate storage.

Vor Einbringung der verschiedenen Materialien in den ersten Mischreaktor bzw. den Misch-/Feinzerkleinerungsreaktor 13 werden diese von magnetischen und nichtmagnetischen Störstoffen sowie Langteilen getrennt und von einem Wiegesystem erfasst.Prior to introduction of the various materials in the first mixing reactor or the mixing / comminution reactor 13, these are separated from magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants and long parts and detected by a weighing system.

Die Vorbehandlung der Eingangsstoffe 15, wie Zerkleinern, Sieben, Sortieren, Trocknen, erfolgt getrennt in einer sogenannten AAZ (Annahme-Aufbereitungs- und Zwischenverarbeitungsstufe).The pretreatment of the input materials 15, such as crushing, screening, sorting, drying, is carried out separately in a so-called AAZ (acceptance processing and intermediate processing stage).

Zusammengefasst betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigem Eingangsmaterial 15, umfassend: mindestens einen Ölvorrat 12, 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 mit Öl 19, mindestens zwei Mischreaktoren, wobei in einem ersten Mischreaktor 13 Eingangsmaterial 15 mischbar und vorwärmbar ist, und einen Separator 2. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur katalytisch drucklosen Verölung von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Eingangsstoffen 15, umfassend die Schritte: Feinzerkleinern, Vermischen und Vorwärmen von Eingangsmaterial 15 mit Öl 19 aus einem Ölvorrat 12 in einem ersten Mischreaktor 13, Überführen des vermischten und vorgewärmten Eingangsmaterials 15, unter Sauerstoffausschluss, in einen zweiten Mischreaktor 14, Thermolyse des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches, Überführen des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches, unter Sauerstoffausschluss, in einen Separator 2 und Verölen des Öl-Eingangsmaterialgemisches im Separator 2. Der Wärmeeintrag in das Trägeröleingangsmaterial erfolgt durch eine Friktionsturbine 11. Die Destillation von Mitteldestillat erfolgt im Separator 2. Der gesamte Prozess wird automatisch temperaturgesteuert betrieben. Das verbrauchte Trägerölreststoffgemisch wird über eine Zentrifuge 18 recycelt. Nur die Feststoffe werden weiterverarbeitet, das Trägeröl 19 wird in den Kreislauf zurückgeführt.In summary, the present invention relates to a device for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input material 15, comprising: at least one oil reservoir 12, 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 with oil 19, at least two mixing reactors, wherein in a first mixing reactor 13 input material 15th The invention further relates to a process for the catalytically depressurized oiling of hydrocarbonaceous input materials 15, comprising the steps of: comminuting, mixing and preheating input material 15 with oil 19 from an oil reservoir 12 in a first mixing reactor 13 , Conversion of the mixed and preheated input material 15, with exclusion of oxygen, in a second mixing reactor 14, thermolysis of the oil input material mixture, transferring the oil input material mixture, with exclusion of oxygen, in a separator 2 and oiling the oil input material mixture in the separator second The heat input into the carrier oil input material takes place through a friction turbine 11. The distillation of middle distillate takes place in separator 2. The entire process is automatically operated temperature-controlled. The spent carrier oil residue mixture is recycled via a centrifuge 18. Only the solids are processed further, the carrier oil 19 is recycled.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Mischermixer
22
Separatorseparator
33
Eingangsstoffeinput materials
44
stark kontaminiertes Wasserheavily contaminated water
55
Abgase (vom BHKW)Exhaust gases (from the CHP)
66
dieselähnliches Produktdiesel-like product
77
Veraschungashing
88th
Bitumenbitumen
99
Ascheash
1010
Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW)Combined heat and power plant (CHP)
1111
Turbineturbine
1212
Ölvorratoil supply
12-112-1
Ölvorratoil supply
12-212-2
Ölvorratoil supply
12-312-3
Ölvorratoil supply
1313
erster Mischreaktor, Misch-(Fein-)Zerkleinerungsreaktorfirst mixing reactor, mixing (fine) comminution reactor
1414
zweiter Mischreaktorsecond mixing reactor
1515
Eingangsmaterial, EingangsstoffeInput material, input materials
1616
Wasser (H2O)Water (H 2 O)
1717
Motor (Elektromotor)Engine (electric motor)
1818
Zentrifugecentrifuge
1919
regeneriertes (Träger-)ÖIregenerated (carrier) oil
2020
Feststoffsolid fuel
2121
Trocknungsanlage (Abgas zur Trocknungsanlage) / Feststoff-AustrockungsanlageDrying plant (waste gas to the drying plant) / solid desiccation plant
2222
Weiterverarbeitung oder EntsorgungFurther processing or disposal
2323
Ölfass (frisches/neues Trägeröl aus Ölfass)Oil drum (fresh / new carrier oil from oil drum)
2424
Katalysatorcatalyst
2525
Neutralisatorneutralizer
2626
Dieseldiesel
2727
NotablassbehälterNotablassbehälter
2828
Umweltenvironment
2929
Trocknungdesiccation
3030
Weiterverarbeitung zu Presslingen unter Zugabe von HolzspänenFurther processing to compacts with the addition of wood chips
3131
Gasegases
3232
Abgaseexhaust
3333
Vakuumpumpevacuum pump

Claims (9)

  1. Device for the catalytic pressureless depolymerisation of hydrocarbon-containing input material (15), comprising:
    at least one oil supply (12, 12-1, 12-2, 12-3) with oil (19), at least two mixing reactors, whereby in a first mixing reactor (13) input material (15) can be mixed and pre-heated, and whereby the first mixing reactor (13) is a mixing/comminution reactor and a fine comminution facility is integrated in the first mixing reactor (13) with which [facility] the input material (15) can be reduced in size from an edge length of 40 mm to < 4 mm,
    a fluid input from the first mixing reactor (13) into the second mixing reactor (14),
    a separator (2), whereby one or more catalysts (24) can be supplied to the separator (2),
    a fluid input from the second mixing reactor (14) into the separator (2),
    a material feed, arranged below the minimum fill level, into the second mixing reactor (14) and separator (2),
    a friction turbine (11) for the heat input and the mechanical processing of the input material, a centrifuge (18) - located downstream of the separator - for oil recovery (19) and separation of solids (20), a combined heat and power unit (10) for electricity and heat generation and for the clean combustion of low-value gases, an automatically controlled and coupled cooling and heating management system and an automatically controlled and coupled material dosing management system,
    whereby the second mixing reactor (14) and the separator (2) have a separately controllable vacuum,
    whereby the first mixing reactor (13) and the second mixing reactor (14) are equipped with at least one special agitator in order to prevent the adhesion of coke to heating and cooling coils and to the internal walls of the boilers, and
    whereby the separator (2), the at least one oil supply (12), the first mixing reactor (13) and the second mixing reactor (14) are equipped with an integrated active cooling and active heating system.
  2. Device in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the first mixing reactor (13) has a bell jar by means of which vapours generated in the first mixing reactor (13) can be collected.
  3. Device in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the oil supply (12), the first mixing reactor (13), the second mixing reactor (14) and the separator (2) are arranged at different heights, whereby the oil supply (12) is arranged higher than the first mixing reactor (13) and the latter is arranged higher than the second mixing reactor (14) and the latter is arranged higher than the separator (2).
  4. Device in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the temperature in the mixing reactors (12, 14) and in the separator (2) can be directly increased via a friction turbine (11).
  5. Device in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the temperature in the separator (2) can be directly cooled via a friction turbine (11) via a connection to one or both mixing reactors (12, 13) and/or the oil supply (12).
  6. Method for the catalytic pressureless depolymerisation of hydrocarbon-containing input materials (15) in a device in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
    a) Mixing and pre-heating of the input material (15) with oil (19) from an oil supply (12) and comminution of the input material (15) in a first mixing reactor (13), whereby in the first mixing reactor designed as a mixing/comminution reactor (13) the input material is reduced in size from an edge length of 40 mm to < 4 mm,
    b) Excluding ambient air (02), the mixed, pre-heated and comminuted input material (15) is transferred to a second mixing reactor (14), whereby in the second mixing reactor (14) the water is completely evaporated,
    c) Thermolysis of the oil input mixture at maximum process temperatures of 350°C,
    d) Excluding ambient air, the mixed and pre-heated input material is transferred into a separator (2);
    e) Depolymerisation of the oil input material mixture through depolymerisation with the addition of a catalyst without excess pressure at maximum process temperatures of 350°C, in the separator (2), whereby one or more catalysts (24) are supplied to the separator (2); and
    f) After the depolymerisation in the separator (2), separation of the oil (19) from solids (20) through centrifuging (18).
  7. Method in accordance with Claim 6, characterised in that the oil (19) is mixed with the input material (15) at a temperature below the melting point of the input material (15) and below 100 °C and, excluding oxygen, transferred into the second mixing reactor (14) and the separator (2).
  8. Method in accordance with Claim 6, characterised in that the recovered oil (19) from the centrifuge (18) is returned to the oil supply (12) and therefore into the processing circuit.
  9. Method in accordance with Claim 6, characterised in that the separated solids (20) from the centrifuge (18) are dried and processed further
    - mixed with organically processed material as a fuel or
    - in a hydrothermal process or through sedimentation or through electrolysis for the recovery of metals, minerals and the catalyst used in the process (24) or
    - into bitumen (8).
EP16702889.3A 2015-01-22 2016-01-20 Apparatus and method for the catalytic pressure-free depolymerisation Active EP3177698B1 (en)

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EP3601801A1 (en) 2017-03-24 2020-02-05 Innoil AG Pumping and comminution device, method for comminuting and heating an inflow material, and use of same
EP3609611A1 (en) 2017-04-11 2020-02-19 Innoil AG Reaction container
WO2019038276A1 (en) 2017-08-23 2019-02-28 Karl Morgenbesser Device and method for catalytic and/or pressureless oiling
EP3647394A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-06 Sebastian Fehrenbach Optimizations in the pressureless oiling of hydrocarbon-containing substances
DE102020205318A1 (en) 2020-04-27 2021-10-28 Werner Blum MIXING DEVICE
FR3126126A1 (en) * 2021-08-13 2023-02-17 D.M.S METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY PRODUCTS BY CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A SOLID HYDROCARBONATED MATERIAL WITHOUT FORMATION OF COKE

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ITBO20080072A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-02 Vuzeta Brevetti S R L APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF REFUSAL MATERIALS
DE102010060675B4 (en) * 2010-11-19 2014-01-30 Kay Hermann Process and plant for the production of diesel oil from hydrocarbons containing raw materials and residues

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