EP3175466B1 - Electric switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents - Google Patents
Electric switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3175466B1 EP3175466B1 EP15754106.1A EP15754106A EP3175466B1 EP 3175466 B1 EP3175466 B1 EP 3175466B1 EP 15754106 A EP15754106 A EP 15754106A EP 3175466 B1 EP3175466 B1 EP 3175466B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching member
- contact
- drive
- switching
- brake
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/54—Mechanisms for coupling or uncoupling operating parts, driving mechanisms, or contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
- H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
- electrical switches For switching high voltages and possibly additionally high currents electrical switches are used in which a switching member is linearly moved from a starting position to an end position to trigger the desired switching operation, for example, two electrically isolated in the starting position terminal contacts of a contact unit in to connect the end position of the switching element.
- a switch for bridging submodules of an inverter is known in which is dispensed with a vacuum interrupter.
- the pyrotechnic drive unit here comprises electrically conductive outer walls, within which a telescopically displaceable sliding element is arranged.
- the displacement element When igniting a pyrotechnic propellant charge the displacement element is acted upon at the rear side with the gas pressure which is generated by the propellant charge, and moves while maintaining the gas pressure to a fixed contact.
- the previously interrupted contact between the electrical outer wall of the drive and the fixed contact is thereby closed, wherein the electrical connection via the outer wall of the drive, which thus also in the end position electrically connected displacement element and the fixed contact extends.
- an electrical breaker device for disconnecting a circuit which comprises a base part, which includes a gas-generating drive, and a plug part received in the starting position in the base part.
- the current flow in the circuit to be separated runs over the plug part and the base part.
- the plug part is moved out of the base part by means of a piston driven by the gas pressure, whereby the circuit is separated.
- the piston remains in an end position within the base part.
- this breaker device only allows the disconnection of a circuit.
- the plug part After the piston of the drive has reached its end position, the plug part continues to move as a result of the kinetic energy present at this time and undergoes a free movement phase, while the electrical contact between the plug part and the base part is separated.
- the base part In the embodiments according to the Fig. 2 to 10 (A and B respectively), the base part is already acted upon in the initial position of a piston and the admission is during the acceleration phase (after the activation of the drive) until reaching an end position of the plug part, in which no electrical contact between the plug part and the Socket part is given, maintained. In the end position, the plug part remains mechanically connected to the base part. The separation of the plug part from the socket part is not performed and thus undefined.
- the DE 197 12 387 A1 discloses a pyrotechnic electrical circuit switching element provided with (i) at least one current conductor having two spaced-apart conductor portions, and (ii) at least one bridging element movable due to ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, in an initial position Ignition of the pyrotechnic charge of at least one of the two conductor sections separated is disposed and is in a bridging position after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge in electrical contact with both current conductor sections.
- the present invention seeks to provide an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, which has larger switching paths and in terms of the number of contacts and the type of switching operations - opening or closing Switching operations variable can be configured.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the switching element can be accelerated directly or indirectly by the drive during an acceleration phase and then passes through a free movement phase until reaching the end position. This results in greater degrees of freedom in the design of the switch, in particular, larger switching paths and isolation distances can be realized.
- the switching element and the contacts allow for a suitable design and the virtually simultaneous opening and / or closing of several contacts.
- the driving forces are not transmitted directly to the switching member during the acceleration phase, but indirectly via a pulse transmission element.
- the pulse transmission element directly coupled to the drive is first accelerated to a predetermined kinetic energy or a predetermined pulse and then decoupled from the drive.
- the momentum transfer element can then undergo a free movement phase before it hits a projectile on the switching element and transmits at least a substantial part of its pulse to the switching element.
- the switching element is thereby accelerated to a specific kinetic energy or a particular pulse, which is or is chosen so that there is a sufficient switching speed.
- the actual drive is always decoupled from the switching element and only accelerates the momentum transfer element.
- the drive can therefore be positioned further away from the switching element.
- the drive in this case does not have to be arranged at the high potential as well, but may be at a lower or even zero potential.
- the switching element is accelerated in these embodiments by impulse transmission to a desired kinetic energy or a desired pulse, which is sufficient to realize the required switching time.
- the drive may preferably be designed as a pyrotechnic drive, in which a gas-generating material is activated activated.
- a gas-generating material is activated activated.
- substances can be used, which simply disintegrate when activated in gas, such as tetracene, and detonative substances are here in principle possible if particularly fast processes are desired or required.
- tetracene a gas-generating material
- detonative substances are here in principle possible if particularly fast processes are desired or required.
- detonatively converting material will usually come into question for safety reasons in the production of the drive or its handling only in exceptional cases.
- the required very short switching times can also be implemented with non-detonative, i. reach deflagrating materials.
- Typically achievable switching times are between 0.5 to 2 ms, with geometrically very large switches between 2 ms and 20 ms, the speed of the switching element or the pulse transmission mass here is between 20 m / sec and 1000 m / sec.
- the drive can also be realized in any other suitable manner, in particular also as an electrodynamic drive, in which a "magnetic field pulse" is generated by means of a coil which is subjected to a short current impulse, which generates eddy currents in a metallic, non-magnetic drive element. which in turn generate a magnetic field directed against the driving magnetic field, which leads to a repulsion of the drive element.
- a magnetic field pulse is generated by means of a coil which is subjected to a short current impulse, which generates eddy currents in a metallic, non-magnetic drive element. which in turn generate a magnetic field directed against the driving magnetic field, which leads to a repulsion of the drive element.
- the drive may be independent of the acceleration mechanism, e.g. an acceleration by forces, which are generated in an electrodynamic or pyrotechnic manner, be formed as a unit.
- the drive has a drive element which transmits the accelerating forces directly or indirectly to the switching element.
- the drive is designed in this case so that the drive element remains in the drive even after the triggering of the drive.
- the drive element does not project out of the housing of the drive during or after the triggering of the drive. This results in additional security during assembly or handling of the drive unit, in particular in the case of an accidental release.
- the pulse transmission element itself as a drive element, which is acted upon by the driving forces.
- the drive accelerates a pulse transmission element upon initiation of a switching operation by activating the drive in the direction of the switching element, wherein the pulse transmission element is then decoupled from the drive, so that the pulse transmission element with a predetermined pulse passes through a free-flying phase and at least one such part the pulse to the switching member transmits that the switching member is moved from the home position to the end position.
- a corresponding mechanical coupling for example via a press fit, can be used between the momentum transfer element and a drive element.
- a one-piece design of pulse transmission element and drive element with a predetermined breaking point between the two parts is possible.
- the pulse transmission element and the switching element can be designed such that the pulse transmission element connects when hitting the switching element with this, in particular welded, and is moved together with the switching element from the starting position to the end position.
- the momentum resulting from the entire unit of contactor and momentum transfer element may, after the acceleration phase, be in the fully inelastic shock relationship be determined.
- the switching element seen in its direction of movement, consist of at least one contact part of an electrically conductive material and at least one insulator part of an electrically insulating material, for example, seen in the direction of movement, front contact part and a rear insulator part.
- the contact unit and the switching member may be formed so that the switching member is held in the end position with the at least one insulator part in such a contact of the contact unit that a minimum required isolation distance between the contact part and the contact is given.
- the at least one insulator part can also form the rear end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement.
- the insulator part serves to securely hold the switching element in its rear area in the contact unit or to fix.
- the switching element may have a stop region, which is preferably provided on the front end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement and is designed such that the switching element is braked at the end of the free movement phase until reaching the end position. Area cooperates with a separate stationary brake element of the contact unit or designed as a brake element brake contact of the contact unit.
- the stop area can cooperate with a breakthrough provided in the brake element or in the brake contact, which is provided coaxially in the brake element or in the brake contact with respect to the direction of movement and the longitudinal axis of the shift element, wherein the stop area at least during a stop phase until reaching the end position in the breakthrough intervenes.
- the stop region can have a radial stop flange or one or more stop projections extending radially outwards, which cooperate with a wall surrounding the aperture in the brake element or in the brake contact for limiting the axial movement of the switching element in the free movement phase.
- a radial stop flange or one or more stop projections extending radially outwards, which cooperate with a wall surrounding the aperture in the brake element or in the brake contact for limiting the axial movement of the switching element in the free movement phase.
- the stop portion may have a tapered towards the front end of the switching member portion which cooperates with the inner wall of the opening in the brake element or in brake contact for braking the axial movement of the switching member in the free movement phase, also the inner wall of the aperture, based on the longitudinal axis and the direction of movement of the switching member, is conically tapered, wherein the cone angle of the inner wall of the aperture is preferably equal to or greater, ie is more tapered, is formed as the cone angle of the tapered portion of the switching element. This results in a less severe deceleration braking of the switching member than in the case of a stop.
- the stop area may have in its circumference and / or the opening in its inner wall structuring, which is formed so that when an intervention of the stop area in the opening in the switching movement of the switching element results in a material flow, preferably for welding of the stop area with the contact.
- the stop region may in particular have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially outwardly extending projections, the axially extending outer surfaces of which are each located on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of the front end of the switching element.
- the inner wall of the aperture may have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially inwardly extending projections, the axially extending inner surfaces of which are each on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of movement of the switching member the geometry of the stop region and of the opening and the material of at least the projections is such that a material flow results when the switching element is being decelerated.
- an axially displaceable, preferably slotted ring may be provided in the stop area, which is formed and so cooperates with the breakthrough in the brake element or brake contact that during the stop phase with progressive axial movement of the switching element or the Contact part results in an increasing radial contact pressure between the inner wall of the aperture and the outer wall of the switching member or contact part in the stop region, whereby an axial braking effect is generated until reaching the end position.
- the stop area and the breakthrough can be formed with respect to the geometry and the materials so and be tuned to the kinetic energy of the braking element to be braked, that at braking of the switching member welding at least a portion of the stop area with the brake element or the brake contact results. This results in a permanent and secure mechanical and electrical contact between the switching element and the brake element or the contact acting as a brake element.
- Such structures in the stop area and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact can also be used independently of other features that relate to the drive or the rest of the switching element (also in terms of their functionality), to provide a switch, the safe closing of an electrical contact causes.
- the connection of such a brake contact with another contact, in whose breakthrough for the switching element a multi-contact (see below) is used leads to a switch that ensures excellent and long-term stable electrical contact.
- a switch with this key feature of using such structures in the stop region and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact may also have further features which are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
- the switching element can pass through one or more contacts in a breakthrough in the starting position and in the end position, wherein for the production of an electrical contact on the inner wall of each opening a plurality of distributed over the inner circumference, resiliently formed contact elements are provided, which act on the outer periphery of the switching member .
- resiliently formed contact elements which act on the outer periphery of the switching member .
- These usually comprise resilient contact elements inserted in grooves. The grooves usually extend in the axial direction in the inner wall of a breakthrough, which passes through the switching element in the contact position.
- Such a multi-contact element may be formed as an annular insert part, which is inserted into a corresponding opening in the respective contact of the contact unit such that there is a minimal electrical contact resistance between the contact and the annular insert part and the insert part or the multi-contact fixed in Contact is held.
- Such multi-contact connections allow extremely low contact resistance, are contact-proof and long-term stable.
- a switch with this core feature also have other features that are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric switch 1, the two contacts 3, 5, a brake element 7, a switching element 9 and a drive 11 for the switching element 9, which is formed in this embodiment as a pyrotechnic drive 11.
- the individual components of the electrical switch 1 are connected via connecting elements 13, so that in each case a predetermined distance is maintained between the individual components.
- any number of connecting elements 13 may be provided.
- the respective position is variable, as long as the functionality of the connecting elements 13 is ensured.
- the in Fig. 1 illustrated pyrotechnic drive 1 has a drive element 15, which acts on the rear end of the rod-shaped switching member 9.
- the rear end of the switching member 9 has an axial connecting pin 17 which engages in a corresponding blind recess in the front side of the drive element acting as a piston 15. This connection serves the switching element in the Fig. 1 to fix shown starting position of the electric switch 1, to prevent inadvertent displacement of the switching element 9.
- the drive element 15 of the drive 11 is arranged displaceably in a housing 19 in the axial direction of the switching element 9.
- Fig. 1a shows the drive element 15 in its initial position. In this position, the drive element 11 in turn is connected via a holding means 21 to the housing 19 or a part of the drive 11 fixedly connected thereto.
- the holding means 21 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a pin-shaped element which is received in an axial recess in the rear end face of the drive element 15 and a recess in the front side of a fixedly connected to the housing part 23.
- the reception of the pin-shaped holding means 21 is such that the holding means 21 releases the drive element 15 only when a certain minimum axial release force acts on the drive element 15 in the direction of the switching member 9.
- the pin-shaped holding means 21 can be pressed into the two recesses, screwed or glued.
- the holding means 21 Upon reaching the release force, the holding means 21 is torn out of one of the two recesses.
- the holding means 21 may also be designed so that it has a predetermined breaking point, for example centrally between the drive element 15 and the housing part 23. In this case, the predetermined breaking point and the attachment of the holding means 21 in the two receiving recesses is carried out so that upon reaching the release force, the holding means 21 ruptures at its predetermined breaking point and the drive element 15 releases.
- a desired confinement ensures that the movement of the drive element 15 and thus of the switching element 9 only begins when a certain minimum force, namely the release force for releasing the holding means 21 is reached.
- the holding means 21 may be realized in any other suitable manner, for example by a crimp connection between the drive member and the housing 19 or the housing part 23, or by a radially in the starting position of the drive member 15 in this engaging shear pin, the only on reaching the release force is sheared off. A locking of the drive element 15 in the housing is possible.
- the drive 11 comprises a triggering device 25, which may be formed in particular electrically controlled.
- the triggering device 25 serves to activate a pyrotechnic material, which is accommodated in a receiving space 27 which is formed as an annular groove in the rear end face of the drive element 15.
- the receiving space 27 may also or additionally be formed in the part 23 of the housing 19.
- Fig. 1 how out Fig. 1 can be seen, the drive element 15 at its rear, the housing part 23 facing the end of a circumferential sealing edge 29 in order to ensure sufficient sealing of the receiving space 27 relative to the housing 19.
- the drive 11 is triggered by a corresponding activation of the triggering device 25, a gas pressure is generated by the preferably deflagratingly converting material of the pyrotechnic charge in the receiving space, which initially rises rapidly as a result of the damming that is achieved by the holding means 21.
- the holding means 21 releases the drive element 15.
- the drive element which is coupled to the switching member 9 via the axial connecting pin 17, is displaced in the axial direction of the switching member 9 with a sufficiently high switching speed.
- the switching element of the in Fig. 1a shown starting position in the in Fig. 1b shown end position moves.
- the switching element consists in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a front contact part 9a and a rear insulator part 9b, which are firmly connected to each other.
- the connection between the contact part 9a and the insulator part 9b can, as in Fig. 1 represented by the fact that in the rear end of the contact part 9a a receiving recess is provided, in which engages the front end of the insulator part 9b.
- the connection can be made by pressing, gluing, crimping or the like.
- the insulator part 9b of the switching member 9 ensures a sufficient insulation distance between the rear end of the contact material part 9a made of a conductive material.
- the insulator part 9b consisting of an insulating material, for example a plastic, may be structured on its circumference in such a way that there is a longer path in the axial direction for surface currents or leakage currents. This can be done by milling circumferential grooves, as in Fig. 1 is shown, leading in longitudinal section to a meandering path between the rear end of the switching part 9a and the front side of the drive 11 and the housing 19 of the drive 11.
- the drive element 15 is stopped after reaching an end position within the housing 19 of the drive 11 in its axial displacement movement.
- the sealing edge 29 of the drive element 15 cooperates with a stop shoulder between a front region of the housing 19 with a smaller diameter and a further region within the housing 19 with a larger diameter. In the area with a larger diameter, there is also the gas which is generated when the pyrotechnic drive 11 is triggered.
- the generated gas receiving space may be approximately dense by a corresponding design of the housing and the sealing edge 29 of the drive member 15 after reaching the final position of the drive member 15 so that there is no risk that by leakage of the fuel gas damage or injury to persons be caused.
- small outlet openings may be provided for the gas in the housing, which are preferably chosen so small that no injury or damage can be caused by leakage of the heating gas. Such outlet openings may also be provided so that they only become effective in the end position of the drive element 15.
- axially extending grooves may be provided in the front portion of the smaller diameter housing 19 having such a radial depth that even when the sealing rim 29 abuts the shoulder between the smaller and larger diameter gas from the interior via the Grooves can emerge forward.
- Fig. 1b How out Fig. 1b can be seen by the sudden stopping of the axial displacement movement of the drive member 15, the connection via the connecting pin 17 between the switching member 9 and the isolator part 9b of the switching member 9 and the drive member 15 is released, so that the switching member 9 moves on due to its inertia with appropriate speed until it reaches its end position ( Fig. 1b ) has reached.
- the connection between the switching element 9 and the drive element 15 will be designed so that practically no or only a negligible or in certain cases, a desired part of the kinetic energy for releasing the connection is lost, which the switching member 9 at the time of reaching the end position of the drive element 15 in the housing 19 of the drive 11 has.
- the switching member 11 thus performs a free movement phase after it has been decoupled from the drive 9 and is no longer acted upon by a force. As a result, can be realized practically arbitrarily large switching paths for the switching element 9. Because the switching path is no longer determined by the movement, which can be provided by the drive 11.
- the path of movement of the switching element 9 is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a switch 1 limited by the separate brake element 7.
- This has in the axis of the switching member, which is aligned with the axis of movement of the switching member, an opening 31 which is conically tapered in its longitudinal section (viewed in the direction of movement of the switching member) is formed, ie, the inner diameter of the opening 31 decreases in the direction of switching movement.
- the front end of the switching member 9 and the contact part 9a is also conical, wherein the cone angle corresponds approximately to the cone angle of the opening 31.
- the minimum diameter of the opening 31 must be smaller than the maximum diameter of the switching member 9a in its front region. This results in a relatively slow deceleration of the switching part 9, which occurs at high speed with its front end in the opening 31 of the brake element 7. This relatively slow deceleration of the sliding movement of the switching element 9 leads to lower mechanical loads of the switch first
- a sensor 33 is provided in the separate brake element 7, which may be formed, for example, as a sensor wire. This runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the switching member 9 in a region which is chosen so that the sensor 33 is destroyed in an occurrence of the switching element 9 in the opening 31.
- a signal can be generated by a simple resistance measurement as soon as the switch has been triggered. The signal then includes the Information that the switch has actually been triggered and that the switching element 9 has reached its correct end position.
- Switch 1 shown are the two contacts 3 and 5 in the starting position ( Fig. 1a ) electrically conductively connected. This is indicated by the respective arrows for a current I flowing through the switch.
- the contacting of the contacts 3, 5 of the switch 1 can of course be done in any suitable manner.
- the switching member 9 has moved so far into its final position that the contact part 9a, which in the in Fig. 1a illustrated starting position, the two contacts 3, 5 electrically conductively connects, no longer in electrical contact with the contact 5 is.
- the end position of the electrical switch 1 designed as an opener thus the circuit has broken through the contacts 3 and 5.
- the switching part at the in Fig. 1 illustrated example still held with its insulator part 9b in contact 5.
- the insulator part 9b is dimensioned so that even in the end position in Fig. 1b a sufficient minimum isolation distance between the switching part 9a and the contact 5 is ensured.
- the clock intervals between the contacts 3, 5 are chosen so large that the switch for high voltages, especially voltages of more than 10 kV, which is applied to the contacts 3, 5 after disconnecting the circuit.
- the insulator part 9b With appropriate dimensioning of the insulator part 9b, large distances between the contact unit 4 and the drive 11 can be realized. This is particularly important if, however, the maximum switching voltage that can be applied to the contact unit 4 or the contacts 3, 5, not too high, however the contact unit is at a much higher potential than the drive unit 11.
- the switch 1 can of course be realized in any suitable size. This is particularly dependent on the voltage to be switched and the current to be switched.
- the size can range from small sizes for voltages in the range of a few 10 to a few 100 volts up to large sizes for voltages of several thousand, several tens of thousands or even several 100 000 volts.
- the switching element can easily reach lengths in the range of one to several meters.
- the drive 11 is already arranged in the starting position of the switching element 9 in a remote from the rear end of the switching element 9 position, ie the drive 11 does not act on the switching element 9 directly.
- the pyrotechnic drive 11 in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 is essentially with the drive 11 of the variant in Fig. 1 identical.
- the drive 11 is, however, coupled to a pulse transmission element 35, which is received in the front region of the housing 19 of the drive 11.
- the pulse transmission element 35, as well as the insulator part 9b in the variant according to Fig. 1 be connected to the drive element 15 in order to avoid unnecessary release of the momentum transfer element 35 from the drive 11.
- the momentum transfer element 35 is designed so that it has a sufficient mass to transmit a correspondingly large pulse to the switching member 9, which causes the switching member 9 accelerated by this indirect application of the drive 11 and from its initial position (Fig. Fig. 2a ) into its final position ( Fig. 2b ) is moved.
- switch 1 The function of in Fig. 2 illustrated switch 1 is thus largely as possible with the function of the switch Fig. 1 identical. It differs only in that the switching element 9 is no longer acted upon directly by the drive 11, but that the drive 11 accelerates the momentum transfer element 35 when it is triggered and shoots a projectile onto the rear end of the switching element 9 or of the insulator part 9b.
- the switching element, in particular the insulator part 9b, and the pulse transmission element 35 may be formed so that the pulse transmission element 35 after its impact on the rear end of the switching element 9 and the insulator part 9b connects with this.
- the rear end face of the insulator part 9b have a small recess or recess 37, in which engages the front side of the momentum transfer element 35 at its impact.
- the materials of the switching element 9 or of the insulator part 9b and of the impulse transmission element may be selected such that a fusion or welding of the impulse transmission element 25 with the switching element 9 or the insulator part 9b results. In this case, the switching member 9 and the pulse transmission element 35 move together toward the end position ( Fig. 2b ).
- the switching element 9 is thus indirectly driven by the drive by pulse transmission by means of the pulse transmission element 35.
- Such switches can thus also be used for cases in which a very high potential difference between the contact unit 4 or the contacts 3, 5 and the drive 11 can occur.
- this switch 1 which in turn is designed as a single-pole opener, comprises an electrodynamic drive 11.
- Such an electrodynamic drive 11 may comprise, for example, a coil 39 which is acted upon by a short current pulse of very high current intensity.
- a magnetic field is generated, which generates in the appropriately designed drive element 15 eddy currents, which in turn lead to a repulsive magnetic field.
- the drive element 15 as in the case of a pyrotechnic drive, with appropriate force and speed from its initial position to its end position ( Fig. 3b ) emotional.
- the switch 1 after the in Fig. 4 Example shown differs from the embodiment in FIG Fig. 3 essentially by a different dimensioning of the switching element 9 with respect to the lengths of the contact part 9a and the insulator part 9b with respect to the distances between the contacts 3, 5 and the braking element 7.
- this switch 1 implements a branch function.
- the contact part 9a closes the two contacts 3 and 5 short or establishes an electrical contact between them.
- Fig. 4b In the end position of the switching element 9, as shown Fig. 4b can be seen, there is still an electrical contact between the contacts 3 and 5, since the contact part 9a of the switching element 9 correspondingly long is trained.
- the brake element as a brake contact 7 ' is formed.
- the middle contact 3 is thus short-circuited with the two contacts 7 'and 5, so that a current I supplied to the contact 3 is divided into partial currents I1 via the contact 5 and I2 via the brake contact 7'.
- the switch 1 to Fig. 5 in turn has an electro-dynamic drive 11, which acts on the switching element 9 in its initial position (and during the acceleration phase) directly.
- the mechanical operation is thus largely identical to the example Fig. 4 , however, here the switching element with respect to its axial division into the contact part 9a and the insulator element 9b dimensioned so that in the starting position ( Fig. 5a ) Only the contacts 3 and 5 are short-circuited and in the end position, only the contacts 3 and 7 '. This is therefore a switch.
- the brake contact 7 may also include a sensor 33, for example in the form of a sensor wire, a sensor film, in particular a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or PVDF wire, or an optical fiber.
- a sensor 33 for example in the form of a sensor wire, a sensor film, in particular a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or PVDF wire, or an optical fiber.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the switch 1 to Fig. 6 shows in this regard a variant in which an additional support of the insulator part 9b is given in the end position.
- This switch also realizes a switching function and largely corresponds to the variant Fig. 5 ,
- the contact part 9a in the brake contact 7 ' is not decelerated via a conical opening and the conical front end of the switching element 9, but by a stop flange 41 extending over the circumference of the front end of the contact part 9a of the switching element 9
- the front of the stop flange 41 may be covered with a damping material, such as a plastic to make the braking of the switching element 9 is somewhat slower than in the case of a completely rigid stop flange.
- the brake contact 7 has contacting means 43, as they may also be used in the case of the other contacts, both before and after the sliding movement of the switching element. 9 must cause an electrical contact.
- Such contact means 43 can of course also be used in such contacts, which must be electrically connected to the switching element either only in the starting position or in the end position of the switching element 9.
- the contact means 43 may be formed in particular as a so-called multi-contact.
- a multicontact usually has on the inner wall of the respective breakthrough in the contact 3, 5, 7 'on resilient elements which are arranged distributed over the inner circumference.
- the resilient elements are electrically connected at one end to the respective contact 3, 5, 7 'and, at the other end, act on the outer circumference of the switching element 9 or the contact part 9a. This ensures a secure contact.
- Such multicontacts are commercially available as prefabricated components and may be formed, for example, annular. In the inner wall of the ring axial grooves may extend, in which lie the resilient contact parts, wherein the contact parts project with a free end in the radial direction over the inner circumference of the ring.
- the outer circumference of the switching element or the contact part 9a is chosen so that it substantially corresponds to the inner circumference of the ring of the multi-contact. As a result, the outer circumference of the switching element is reliably acted upon by the resilient contact elements.
- Such a multi-contact also allows multiple insertion and removal or movement of the switching element while maintaining the electrical contact between the switching element 9 and the contact part 9a and the respective contact part 3, 5, 7 '.
- a drive 11 which comprises a plunger coil 5, in which an actuating element 47 engages.
- the actuator has at its end a flange, the ferromagnetic material is attracted to a loading of the plunger coil 45 with a sufficiently high current through the magnetic field generated by the plunger coil 45.
- a lever mechanism is actuated, which acts on a lever 49 applied on one side. With its longer lever arm, the lever 49 acts on the switching member 9 at its rear end, ie at the rear end of the insulator part 9b.
- a translation of the switching path is achieved, which is generated by the plunger coil 45.
- the functionality of this switch 1 corresponds to the variant Fig. 6 ,
- Fig. 8 shows a further variant of a drive 11, which has a compressed coil spring 41 as energy storage. This acts on one end of the drive element 15 via a pressure plate 53.
- a direct loading of the drive element 15 would be possible.
- the pressure plate can be released with a triggering device in its axial mobility.
- the triggering can of course be done manually or controlled, depending on the design of the triggering device 55.
- a controllable triggering device for example, be designed so that a radially engaging in the pressure plate pin is moved by means of an electromagnet of the triggering device 55 from a blocking position to a release position ,
- Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of an electrical switch 1, in which the contact unit 4 and the switching element 9 are arranged in a sealed housing 57.
- the switching member 9 extends with its rear end substantially to a deformable membrane or a membrane region of the housing 57 zoom.
- a pyrotechnic drive 11 is used, which for indirectly acting on the switching element 9 by means of a pulse transmission element 35, as in the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , is trained.
- the pulse transmission element 35 When the drive 11 is triggered, the pulse transmission element 35 is no longer projected directly onto the rear end face of the switching element 9 or the insulator part 9b but onto the diaphragm 59 arranged therebetween. In this case, the pulse transmission thus takes place indirectly from the momentum transmission element 35 via the diaphragm 59 on the switching element.
- the membrane is preferably designed and tuned to the pulse to be transmitted so that it deforms during the impulse transmission. As a result, the pulse transmission element can be braked slower.
- the diaphragm and the momentum transfer element 35 such that the momentum transfer element is connected to the diaphragm 59 after impact thereon, for example by providing a corresponding receiving means or by welding the respective materials through the impact energy.
- a switch 1 after Fig. 11 corresponds in terms of functionality of the example in Fig. 1
- a housing 57 is provided which surrounds not only the contact unit 4, but the entire switch 1.
- Fig. 12 shows a switch 1, in which in turn a pyrotechnic drive 11 is used, which is designed to transmit a pulse by means of a pulse transmission element 35 to the switching member 9 of a contact unit 4.
- This contact unit 4 comprises only a first contact 3 and a second contact 5.
- An additional braking element or a sensor was omitted here.
- the switching member 9 has a stop flange 41, which serves to brake the switching movement at the contact 3.
- the contact 3 contacts the switching element 9 again via contact means 43, for example a multicontact.
- the switching element 9 is held with its rear end in a receiving recess in the rear contact 5.
- the contact element can be pressed in here for example during manufacture.
- the stop flange 41 can serve here with its back as a limitation for a press-fit. There remains thus only a thin wall at the bottom of the receiving recess of the contact 5, which forms a breaking-away region 61.
- the contact transfer member 35 on the breakout portion 61 it is broken out of the contact 5, and the pulse (at least a sufficient portion thereof) of the pulse transmitting member 35 is transmitted to the switch member 9.
- the switching member 9 is then moved to its end position, which in Fig. 12b is shown.
- the wall or the Ausbrech Scheme 61 may be welded due to the impact energy with the back of the switching element 9.
- the pulse transmission element 35 may be configured in terms of its geometry or the recess or the resulting breakthrough in the contact 5 be matched to the momentum transfer element that the momentum transfer element is collected in the resulting breakthrough.
- the switch in Fig. 13 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 12 only in that the contact unit 4 is deviating.
- the switching element 9, which as well as in the variant according to Fig. 12 consists only of a contact part (there is no insulating portion), formed integrally with the contact 5.
- the contact 5 can thus be produced in a process with the switching element 9. It is only necessary to provide a corresponding thin spot in the contact, which represents a predetermined breaking point between the switching element 9 and the contact 5.
- the front contact 3 formed integrally with the switching element. Again, a thin spot 63 is provided between the switching member and the contact.
- the thin spot 63 can be made for example by a welding operation when the switching element 9 is inserted into an initial breakthrough in the contact 5.
- the stop flange 41 is not located directly on the contact 5, then the thin spot can also be produced in the contact 5 by means of a cutting or milling process. It is also possible to have such a complicated part as in Fig. 13a is shown to produce in one piece with methods of so-called rapid prototyping. This is also possible for metallic materials.
- Fig. 14 shows a switching element 9 with a circumferentially structured front region 9 'and a further circumferentially structured region 9 ".
- the structuring of grooves 73 'and 73 "and raised projections 75' and 75" as is the cut BB in Fig. 14 is apparent.
- the switching member 9 can engage with these structured stop areas in corresponding openings in two brake contacts, so that they are electrically connected when the switch is triggered.
- the structuring allows a material flow, in particular of the material of the elevations of the structures in the areas in which initially no material is present.
- the material flow is caused by the high pressure, the friction and the temperature generated thereby.
- the front portion 9 'of the switching element 9 in Fig. 14 For example, in connection with the switching element after Fig. 5 used become.
- the structuring is very crucial for the production of a secure contact and for the desired welding of the materials of the switching element and the brake contact.
- the rear structured region 9 " can also serve to establish a secure electrical contact with a second contact (not shown) Fig. 14 engage already in an initial position in an initially currentless (ie not used) brake contact such that the area of the switching element 9 between the two structured areas 9 'and 9 "in the breakthrough of that contact, which in the end position of the switching element by means of the structured area 9 "should be contacted.
- the switching element 9 after Fig. 14 thus, it makes it possible to produce two secure electrical, optionally welded connections between the switching element 9 in the two structured regions 9 'and 9 "and in each case one contact.
- Fig. 16 shows the front end of a switching member 9, on which a cylindrical member 65 is arranged.
- the element 65 may, as in Fig. 16 shown screwed with a threaded portion in a corresponding axial threaded bore in the front of the switching element 9.
- the cylindrical member 65 may also be formed integrally with the switching member 9.
- the cylindrical member 65 has an outer diameter which is smaller than the outer diameter of the adjacent portion of the switching member 9. This creates a stop shoulder 67th
- an annular cone portion 69 is pushed on the cylindrical member 65.
- the cone part has an inner diameter which substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical element 65.
- the conical part 69 may also have one or more axially extending longitudinal sections or longitudinal grooves.
- the conical outer wall of the cone portion 69 is selected so that it is acted upon insertion of the switching element 9 in the opening 31 of the contact 3 of the inner wall of the also conically shaped opening 31 so that radially inwardly directed forces acting on the cone portion 69 , This initially leads to frictional forces between the inner wall of the opening 31 of the contact 3 and the outer wall of the cone portion 69 and between the inner wall of the cone portion 69 and the outer wall of the cylindrical member 65.
- the longitudinal slots in the cone portion 69 may be uniformly distributed over the circumference. However, it is also possible, as in Fig. 16 shown to provide only a single, axially continuous longitudinal slot 71. In addition, it is possible in the outer circumference of the conical part 69 and / or the inner circumference of the opening 31 any provide other structuring that can accommodate flowing material. Their functionality can be seen in the comments on the FIGS. 14 and 15 to get expelled.
- the circular member shown in the drawing usually in the cross section circular another, for example rectangular, in particular flat, rectangular cross-section.
- the openings in the contacts then have a correspondingly complementary shape.
- the housing of the switch which, as described above, certain components or all components of the switch surrounds, can also serve and be designed so that the state of the switch is made visible from the outside.
- the material of the housing or one or more coatings may be selected on the inside or outside so that there is an electromagnetic shielding effect.
- the visualization of the switch state takes place in that the housing consists at least in relevant areas of such a material or coated with such a material that a power loss generated in the switch at certain switching states, or electromagnetic fields in certain switching states be generated, leading to a change in the state of the material of the housing or the housing coating.
- materials can be used that react to the presence of electromagnetic fields or temperature changes caused by the power loss with a color change. In this way, the switch state can be detected or monitored visually, even from a greater distance.
- the housing can be made of any material, provided that its specific electrical conductivity is small compared to the specific conductivity of the materials in the current path.
- graphite can also be used as the housing material, as a result of which the housing or the entire switch can be used for high-temperature applications.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, having the features of the preamble of
Für das Schalten von hohen Spannungen und ggf. zusätzlich hohen Strömen finden elektrische Schalter Verwendung, bei denen ein Schaltglied linear aus einer Ausgangsposition in eine Endposition bewegt wird, um den gewünschten Schaltvorgang auszulösen, beispielsweise um zwei in der Ausgangsposition voneinander elektrisch isolierte Anschlusskontakte einer Kontakteinheit in der Endposition des Schaltglieds zu verbinden.For switching high voltages and possibly additionally high currents electrical switches are used in which a switching member is linearly moved from a starting position to an end position to trigger the desired switching operation, for example, two electrically isolated in the starting position terminal contacts of a contact unit in to connect the end position of the switching element.
Beispielsweise ist aus der
Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass bei einer derartigen Konstruktion des pyrotechnischen Antriebs nur ein relativ begrenzter Schaltweg und damit nur ein begrenzter Isolationsabstand realisierbar ist, der in der Ausgangsposition zur Verfügung steht. Zudem ist mit der teleskopartigen Anordnung des Verschiebeelements innerhalb der ortsfesten Wandungen des Antriebs nur ein zweipoliger Schalter mit Schließfunktion realisierbar.The disadvantage here is that in such a construction of the pyrotechnic drive only a relatively limited switching path and thus only a limited isolation distance can be realized, which is available in the starting position. In addition, with the telescopic arrangement of the displacement element within the stationary walls of the drive only a two-pole switch with closing function can be realized.
Aus der
Die
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektrischen Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme, zu schaffen, der größere Schaltwege aufweist und der hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Kontakte und der Art der Schaltvorgänge - öffnende oder schließende Schaltvorgänge-variabel ausgestaltet werden kann.Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, which has larger switching paths and in terms of the number of contacts and the type of switching operations - opening or closing Switching operations variable can be configured.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The invention solves this problem with the features of
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass das Schaltglied während einer Beschleunigungsphase mittelbar oder unmittelbar vom Antrieb beschleunigt werden kann und anschließend bis zum Erreichen der Endposition eine freie Bewegungsphase durchläuft. Hierdurch ergeben sich größere Freiheitsgrade bei der Ausgestaltung des Schalters, insbesondere lassen sich größere Schaltwege und Isolationsabstände realisieren.The invention is based on the recognition that the switching element can be accelerated directly or indirectly by the drive during an acceleration phase and then passes through a free movement phase until reaching the end position. This results in greater degrees of freedom in the design of the switch, in particular, larger switching paths and isolation distances can be realized.
Das Schaltglied und die Kontakte ermöglichen bei geeigneter Auslegung auch das praktisch gleichzeitige Öffnen und/oder Schließen mehrerer Kontakte.The switching element and the contacts allow for a suitable design and the virtually simultaneous opening and / or closing of several contacts.
Nach der Erfindung werden die Antriebskräfte während der Beschleunigungsphase nicht unmittelbar auf das Schaltglied übertragen, sondern mittelbar über ein Impulsübertragungselement. Dabei wird zunächst das mit dem Antrieb unmittelbar gekoppelte Impulsübertragungselement auf eine vorbestimmte kinetische Energie bzw. einen vorbestimmten Impuls beschleunigt und anschließend vom Antrieb abgekoppelt. Das Impulsübertragungselement kann dann eine freie Bewegungsphase durchlaufen, bevor es gleich einem Projektil auf das Schaltglied trifft und zumindest einen wesentlichen Teil seines Impulses auf das Schaltglied überträgt. Das Schaltglied wird hierdurch auf eine bestimmte kinetische Energie bzw. einen bestimmten Impuls beschleunigt, die bzw. der so gewählt ist, dass sich eine ausreichende Schaltgeschwindigkeit ergibt. Bei dieser Variante ist also der eigentliche Antrieb immer vom Schaltglied entkoppelt und beschleunigt nur das Impulsübertragungselement. Der Antrieb kann daher auch weiter entfernt vom Schaltglied positioniert werden. Dies ermöglicht beispielsweise das Realisieren von Schaltern, bei denen die Kontakteinheit auf einem hohen Potential liegt und zwischen den Kontakten nur eine Teilspannung einer Gesamtspannung anliegen kann. Der Antrieb muss in diesem Fall nicht ebenfalls auf dem hohen Potential angeordnet werden, sondern kann sich auf einem niedrigeren oder sogar Nullpotential befinden. Das Schaltglied wird bei diesen Ausführungsformen durch Impulsübertragung auf eine gewünschte kinetische Energie bzw. einen gewünschten Impuls beschleunigt, der ausreicht, um die geforderte Schaltzeit zu realisieren.According to the invention, the driving forces are not transmitted directly to the switching member during the acceleration phase, but indirectly via a pulse transmission element. In this case, the pulse transmission element directly coupled to the drive is first accelerated to a predetermined kinetic energy or a predetermined pulse and then decoupled from the drive. The momentum transfer element can then undergo a free movement phase before it hits a projectile on the switching element and transmits at least a substantial part of its pulse to the switching element. The switching element is thereby accelerated to a specific kinetic energy or a particular pulse, which is or is chosen so that there is a sufficient switching speed. In this variant, therefore, the actual drive is always decoupled from the switching element and only accelerates the momentum transfer element. The drive can therefore be positioned further away from the switching element. This makes it possible, for example, to realize switches in which the contact unit is at a high potential and only a partial voltage of a total voltage can be present between the contacts. The drive in this case does not have to be arranged at the high potential as well, but may be at a lower or even zero potential. The switching element is accelerated in these embodiments by impulse transmission to a desired kinetic energy or a desired pulse, which is sufficient to realize the required switching time.
Der Antrieb kann vorzugsweise als pyrotechnischer Antrieb ausgebildet sein, bei welchem ein Gas erzeugendes Material ansteuerbar aktiviert wird. Hierbei können auch Stoffe zum Einsatz kommen, die bei Aktivierung einfach in Gas zerfallen, wie beispielsweise Tetrazen, auch detonativ umsetzende Stoffe sind hier prinzipiell möglich, wenn besonders schnelle Vorgänge gewünscht oder gefordert werden. Dabei sei erwähnt, dass in der Pyrotechnik weltweit von einer detonativen Umsetzung gesprochen wird, wenn Flammfrontgeschwindigkeiten von definitionsgemäß mehr als 2000 m/s erreicht werden. Allerdings wird die Verwendung eines detonativ umsetzenden Materials meist aus Sicherheitsgründen bei der Herstellung des Antriebs bzw. dessen Handhabung nur in Ausnahmefällen in Frage kommen. Die erforderlichen sehr kurzen Schaltzeiten lassen sich auch mit nicht-detonativ umsetzenden, d.h. deflagrierenden Materialien erreichen. Typisch hiermit erreichbare Schaltzeiten liegen zwischen 0,5 bis 2 ms, bei geometrisch sehr großen Schaltern zwischen 2 ms und 20 ms, wobei die Geschwindigkeit des Schaltglieds bzw. der Impulsübertragungsmasse hierbei zwischen 20 m/sec und 1000 m/sec liegt.The drive may preferably be designed as a pyrotechnic drive, in which a gas-generating material is activated activated. In this case, substances can be used, which simply disintegrate when activated in gas, such as tetracene, and detonative substances are here in principle possible if particularly fast processes are desired or required. It should be mentioned that in pyrotechnics worldwide is spoken of a detonative implementation when flame front velocities of more than 2000 m / s by definition are achieved. However, the use of detonatively converting material will usually come into question for safety reasons in the production of the drive or its handling only in exceptional cases. The required very short switching times can also be implemented with non-detonative, i. reach deflagrating materials. Typically achievable switching times are between 0.5 to 2 ms, with geometrically very large switches between 2 ms and 20 ms, the speed of the switching element or the pulse transmission mass here is between 20 m / sec and 1000 m / sec.
Der Antrieb kann auch in jeder anderen geeigneten Weise realisiert sein, insbesondere auch als elektrodynamischer Antrieb, bei dem mittels einer Spule, die mit einem kurzen Stromstoß beaufschlagt wird, ein "Magnetfeldimpuls" erzeugt wird, der in einem metallischen, nicht magnetischen Antriebselement Wirbelströme erzeugt, die ihrerseits ein dem antreibenden Magnetfeldimpuls entgegen gerichtetes Magnetfeld erzeugen, das zu einem Abstoßen des Antriebselements führt. Auch auf diese Weise lassen sich entsprechend hohe Antriebskräfte erzeugen, die das Antriebselement derart beschleunigen, dass eine gewünschte kinetische Energie bzw. ein gewünschter kinetischer Impuls erreicht wird.The drive can also be realized in any other suitable manner, in particular also as an electrodynamic drive, in which a "magnetic field pulse" is generated by means of a coil which is subjected to a short current impulse, which generates eddy currents in a metallic, non-magnetic drive element. which in turn generate a magnetic field directed against the driving magnetic field, which leads to a repulsion of the drive element. In this way, correspondingly high driving forces can be generated, which accelerate the drive element in such a way, that a desired kinetic energy or a desired kinetic pulse is achieved.
Der Antrieb kann unabhängig vom Beschleunigungsmechanismus, wie z.B. eine Beschleunigung durch Kräfte, die auf elektrodynamische oder pyrotechnische Art erzeugt werden, als Einheit ausgebildet sein. In diesem Fall weist der Antrieb ein Antriebselement auf, welches die beschleunigenden Kräfte mittelbar oder unmittelbar auf das Schaltglied überträgt. Der Antrieb ist in diesem Fall so ausgestaltet, dass das Antriebselement auch nach dem Auslösen des Antriebs im Antrieb verbleibt. Vorzugsweise ragt das Antriebselement auch während oder nach dem Auslösen des Antriebs nicht aus dem Gehäuse des Antriebs heraus. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine zusätzliche Sicherheit bei der Montage oder einem Hantieren mit der Antriebseinheit, insbesondere bei einem versehentlichen Auslösen.The drive may be independent of the acceleration mechanism, e.g. an acceleration by forces, which are generated in an electrodynamic or pyrotechnic manner, be formed as a unit. In this case, the drive has a drive element which transmits the accelerating forces directly or indirectly to the switching element. The drive is designed in this case so that the drive element remains in the drive even after the triggering of the drive. Preferably, the drive element does not project out of the housing of the drive during or after the triggering of the drive. This results in additional security during assembly or handling of the drive unit, in particular in the case of an accidental release.
Es ist jedoch ebenfalls möglich, das Impulsübertragungselement selbst als Antriebselement zu verwenden, welches von den Antriebskräften beaufschlagt wird.However, it is also possible to use the pulse transmission element itself as a drive element, which is acted upon by the driving forces.
Wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben, beschleunigt der Antrieb ein Impulsübertragungselement bei Auslösen eines Schaltvorgangs durch eine Aktivierung des Antriebs in Richtung auf das Schaltglied, wobei das Impulsübertragungselement anschließend vom Antrieb entkoppelt wird, so dass das Impulsübertragungselement mit einem vorgegebenen Impuls eine Freiflugphase durchläuft und zumindest einen solchen Teil des Impulses auf das Schaltglied überträgt, dass das Schaltglied aus der Ausgangsposition in die Endposition bewegt wird. Hier kann eine entsprechende mechanische Kopplung, beispielsweise über eine Presspassung, zwischen dem Impulsübertragungselement und einem Antriebselement verwendet werden. Auch eine einstückige Ausbildung von Impulsübertragungselement und Antriebselement mit einer Sollbruchstelle zwischen den beiden Teilen ist möglich.As already described above, the drive accelerates a pulse transmission element upon initiation of a switching operation by activating the drive in the direction of the switching element, wherein the pulse transmission element is then decoupled from the drive, so that the pulse transmission element with a predetermined pulse passes through a free-flying phase and at least one such part the pulse to the switching member transmits that the switching member is moved from the home position to the end position. Here, a corresponding mechanical coupling, for example via a press fit, can be used between the momentum transfer element and a drive element. Also, a one-piece design of pulse transmission element and drive element with a predetermined breaking point between the two parts is possible.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können das Impulsübertragungselement und das Schaltglied derart beschaffen sein, dass sich das Impulsübertragungselement beim Auftreffen auf das Schaltglied mit diesem verbindet, insbesondere verschweißt, und zusammen mit dem Schaltglied aus der Ausgangsposition in die Endposition bewegt wird.In one embodiment of the invention, the pulse transmission element and the switching element can be designed such that the pulse transmission element connects when hitting the switching element with this, in particular welded, and is moved together with the switching element from the starting position to the end position.
Zumindest dann, wenn das Schaltglied ohne wesentliche oder gegenüber den durch das Auftreffen des Impulsübertragungselements erzeugten Beschleunigungskräften vernachlässigbaren Haltekräften in seiner Ausgangsposition gehalten ist, kann der sich für die gesamte Einheit von Schaltglied und Impulsübertragungselement ergebende Impuls nach der Beschleunigungsphase nach der Beziehung für den vollständig unelastischen Stoß ermittelt werden.At least when the switching member is held in its home position without substantial or opposite acceleration forces generated by the impact of the momentum transfer member, the momentum resulting from the entire unit of contactor and momentum transfer element may, after the acceleration phase, be in the fully inelastic shock relationship be determined.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Schaltglied, in seiner Bewegungsrichtung gesehen, aus wenigstens einem Kontaktteil aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material und wenigstens einem Isolatorteil aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material bestehen, beispielsweise aus einem, in Bewegungsrichtung gesehen, vorderen Kontaktteil und einem hinteren Isolatorteil. Hierdurch lassen sich mit einem einzigen Schaltglied mehrere Schaltvorgänge gleichzeitig durchführen, wobei die erforderlichen Isolationsabstände eingehalten werden können.According to one embodiment of the invention, the switching element, seen in its direction of movement, consist of at least one contact part of an electrically conductive material and at least one insulator part of an electrically insulating material, for example, seen in the direction of movement, front contact part and a rear insulator part. As a result, a plurality of switching operations can be performed simultaneously with a single switching element, wherein the required isolation distances can be maintained.
Die Kontakteinheit und das Schaltglied können so ausgebildet sein, dass das Schaltglied in der Endposition mit dem wenigstens einen Isolatorteil derart in einem Kontakt der Kontakteinheit gehalten ist, dass ein minimal erforderlicher Isolationsabstand zwischen dem Kontaktteil und dem Kontakt gegeben ist. Dabei kann das wenigstens eine Isolatorteil auch das, in Bewegungsrichtung gesehen, hintere Ende des Schaltglieds bilden. In diesem Fall dient das Isolatorteil dazu, das Schaltglied auch in seinem hinteren Bereich sicher in der Kontakteinheit zu halten bzw. zu fixieren.The contact unit and the switching member may be formed so that the switching member is held in the end position with the at least one insulator part in such a contact of the contact unit that a minimum required isolation distance between the contact part and the contact is given. In this case, the at least one insulator part can also form the rear end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement. In this case, the insulator part serves to securely hold the switching element in its rear area in the contact unit or to fix.
In einer Ausgestaltung kann das Schaltglied einen Stopp-Bereich aufweisen, der vorzugweise am - in Bewegungsrichtung gesehen - vorderen Ende des Schaltglieds vorgesehen und so ausgebildet ist, dass das Schaltglied am Ende der freien Bewegungsphase bis zum Erreichen der Endposition abgebremst wird, wobei der Stopp-Bereich hierzu mit einem separaten ortsfesten Bremselement der Kontakteinheit oder einem als Bremselement ausgebildeten Bremskontakt der Kontakteinheit zusammenwirkt.In one embodiment, the switching element may have a stop region, which is preferably provided on the front end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement and is designed such that the switching element is braked at the end of the free movement phase until reaching the end position. Area cooperates with a separate stationary brake element of the contact unit or designed as a brake element brake contact of the contact unit.
Der Stopp-Bereich kann mit einem im Bremselement oder im Bremskontakt vorgesehenen Durchbruch zusammenwirken, welcher bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung und die Längsachse des Schaltglieds koaxial im Bremselement oder im Bremskontakt vorgesehen ist, wobei der Stoppbereich zumindest während einer Stopp-Phase bis zum Erreichen der Endposition in den Durchbruch eingreift.The stop area can cooperate with a breakthrough provided in the brake element or in the brake contact, which is provided coaxially in the brake element or in the brake contact with respect to the direction of movement and the longitudinal axis of the shift element, wherein the stop area at least during a stop phase until reaching the end position in the breakthrough intervenes.
Der Stopp-Bereich kann dabei einen radialen Anschlagsflansch oder ein oder mehrere, sich radial nach außen erstreckende Anschlagsvorsprünge aufweisen, welche mit einer den Durchbruch im Bremselement oder im Bremskontakt umgebenden Wandung zur Begrenzung der axialen Bewegung des Schaltglieds in der freien Bewegungsphase zusammenwirken. Dabei ergibt sich aber ein plötzlicher Stopp-Vorgang mit einem entsprechenden Schlag auf das Bremselement, der sich natürlich auch auf die übrige Kontakteinheit übertragen kann, wenn die Kontakteinheit beispielsweise auf einer gemeinsamen Basis angeordnet ist, um die Abstände der Kontakte einzuhalten.The stop region can have a radial stop flange or one or more stop projections extending radially outwards, which cooperate with a wall surrounding the aperture in the brake element or in the brake contact for limiting the axial movement of the switching element in the free movement phase. However, this results in a sudden stop process with a corresponding impact on the brake element, which can of course also be transferred to the rest of the contact unit when the contact unit is arranged, for example, on a common base to comply with the distances of the contacts.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform kann der Stopp-Bereich einen sich in Richtung auf das vordere Ende des Schaltglieds konisch verjüngenden Bereich aufweisen, welcher mit der Innenwandung des Durchbruchs im Bremselement oder im Bremskontakt zum Abbremsen der axialen Bewegung des Schaltglieds in der freien Bewegungsphase zusammenwirkt, wobei auch die Innenwandung des Durchbruchs, bezogen auf die Längsachse und die Bewegungsrichtung des Schaltglieds, sich konisch verjüngend ausgebildet ist, wobei der Konuswinkel der Innenwandung des Durchbruchs vorzugsweise gleich oder größer, d.h. sich stärker verjüngend, ausgebildet ist als der Konuswinkel des sich verjüngenden Bereichs des Schaltglieds. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine weniger starke Verzögerung beim Abbremsen des Schaltglieds als im Fall eines Anschlags.In another embodiment, the stop portion may have a tapered towards the front end of the switching member portion which cooperates with the inner wall of the opening in the brake element or in brake contact for braking the axial movement of the switching member in the free movement phase, also the inner wall of the aperture, based on the longitudinal axis and the direction of movement of the switching member, is conically tapered, wherein the cone angle of the inner wall of the aperture is preferably equal to or greater, ie is more tapered, is formed as the cone angle of the tapered portion of the switching element. This results in a less severe deceleration braking of the switching member than in the case of a stop.
Der Stopp-Bereich kann in seinem Umfang und/oder der Durchbruch in seiner Innenwandung eine Strukturierung aufweisen, die so ausgebildet ist, dass sich bei einem Eingreifen des Stopp-Bereichs in den Durchbruch bei der Schaltbewegung des Schaltglieds ein Materialfluss ergibt, der vorzugsweise zum Verschweißen des Stopp-Bereichs mit dem Kontakt führt.The stop area may have in its circumference and / or the opening in its inner wall structuring, which is formed so that when an intervention of the stop area in the opening in the switching movement of the switching element results in a material flow, preferably for welding of the stop area with the contact.
Der Stopp-Bereich kann insbesondere axial verlaufende Nuten oder axial verlaufende und sich radial nach außen erstreckende Vorsprünge aufweisen, deren axial verlaufende Außenflächen sich jeweils auf einem gedachten Konus befinden, der sich in Richtung auf das vordere Ende des Schaltglieds verjüngt. In einer anderen Ausführungsform oder zusätzlich kann die Innenwandung des Durchbruchs axial verlaufende Nuten oder axial verlaufende und sich radial nach innen erstreckende Vorsprünge aufweisen, deren axial verlaufende Innenflächen sich jeweils auf einem gedachten Konus befinden, der sich in der Richtung der Bewegung des Schaltglieds verjüngt, wobei die Geometrie des Stopp-Bereichs und des Durchbruchs und das Material zumindest der Vorsprünge so beschaffen ist, dass sich beim Abbremsen des Schaltglieds ein Materialfluss ergibt.The stop region may in particular have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially outwardly extending projections, the axially extending outer surfaces of which are each located on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of the front end of the switching element. In another embodiment, or in addition, the inner wall of the aperture may have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially inwardly extending projections, the axially extending inner surfaces of which are each on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of movement of the switching member the geometry of the stop region and of the opening and the material of at least the projections is such that a material flow results when the switching element is being decelerated.
In einer anderen Variante kann im Stopp-Bereich ein axial verschiebbarer, vorzugsweise geschlitzter Ring vorgesehen sein, der so ausgebildet ist und so mit dem Durchbruch im Bremselement oder Bremskontakt zusammenwirkt, dass sich während der Stopp-Phase mit fortschreitender axialer Bewegung des Schaltglieds bzw. des Kontaktteils ein zunehmender radialer Anpressdruck zwischen der Innenwandung des Durchbruchs und der Außenwandung des Schaltglieds bzw. Kontaktteils im Stopp-Bereich ergibt, wodurch eine axiale Bremswirkung bis zum Erreichen der Endposition erzeugt wird.In another variant, an axially displaceable, preferably slotted ring may be provided in the stop area, which is formed and so cooperates with the breakthrough in the brake element or brake contact that during the stop phase with progressive axial movement of the switching element or the Contact part results in an increasing radial contact pressure between the inner wall of the aperture and the outer wall of the switching member or contact part in the stop region, whereby an axial braking effect is generated until reaching the end position.
Der Stopp-Bereich und der Durchbruch können dabei hinsichtlich der Geometrie und der Materialien so ausgebildet und so auf die kinetische Energie des abzubremsenden Schaltglieds abgestimmt sein, dass sich beim Abbremsen des Schaltglieds ein Verschweißen zumindest eines Teilbereichs des Stopp-Bereichs mit dem Bremselement oder dem Bremskontakt ergibt. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein dauerhafter und sicherer mechanischer und elektrischer Kontakt zwischen dem Schaltglied und dem Bremselement bzw. dem als Bremselement wirkenden Kontakt.The stop area and the breakthrough can be formed with respect to the geometry and the materials so and be tuned to the kinetic energy of the braking element to be braked, that at braking of the switching member welding at least a portion of the stop area with the brake element or the brake contact results. This results in a permanent and secure mechanical and electrical contact between the switching element and the brake element or the contact acting as a brake element.
Derartige Strukturen im Stopp-Bereich und/oder im Durchbruch eines Bremskontakts können auch unabhängig von weiteren Merkmalen, die den Antrieb oder das übrige Schaltglied (auch hinsichtlich deren Funktionalität) betreffen, eingesetzt werden, um einen Schalter zu schaffen, der das sichere Schließen eines elektrischen Kontakts bewirkt. Insbesondere die Verbindung eines solchen Bremskontakts mit einem weiteren Kontakt, in dessen Durchbruch für das Schaltglied ein Multikontakt (siehe unten) eingesetzt ist, führt zu einem Schalter, der einen hervorragende und langzeitstabilen elektrischen Kontakt gewährleistet. Selbstverständlich kann ein Schalter mit diesem Kernmerkmal der Verwendung von solchen Strukturen im Stopp-Bereich und/oder im Durchbruch eines Bremskontakts auch weitere Merkmale aufweisen, die vorstehend oder nachstehend in Verbindung mit den verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben sind.Such structures in the stop area and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact can also be used independently of other features that relate to the drive or the rest of the switching element (also in terms of their functionality), to provide a switch, the safe closing of an electrical contact causes. In particular, the connection of such a brake contact with another contact, in whose breakthrough for the switching element a multi-contact (see below) is used, leads to a switch that ensures excellent and long-term stable electrical contact. Of course, a switch with this key feature of using such structures in the stop region and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact may also have further features which are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
Das Schaltglied kann in der Ausgangsposition und in der Endposition einen oder mehrere Kontakte in einem Durchbruch durchgreifen, wobei für das Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontaktes an der Innenwandung jedes Durchbruchs mehrere, über den Innenumfang verteilte, federnd ausgebildete Kontaktelemente vorgesehen sind, welche den Außenumfang des Schaltglieds beaufschlagen. Für diese Kontaktierungsart können im Handel erhältliche Fertigprodukte eingesetzt werden, die auch als Multikontakt-Elemente bezeichnet werden und lösbare elektrische Steckverbindungen realisieren. Diese umfassen üblicherweise in Nuten eingesetzte federnde Kontaktelemente. Die Nuten verlaufen üblicherweise in axialer Richtung in der Innenwandung eines Durchbruchs, welchen das Schaltglied in der Kontaktstellung durchgreift. Ein derartiges Multikontakt-Element kann als ringförmiges Einsatzteil ausgebildet sein, welches in einen entsprechenden Durchbruch in dem betreffenden Kontakt der Kontakteinheit derart eingesetzt ist, dass sich ein minimaler elektrischer Übergangswiderstand zwischen dem Kontakt und dem ringförmigen Einsatzteil ergibt und das Einsatzteil bzw. der Multikontakt fest im Kontakt gehalten ist. Solche Multikontaktverbindungen ermöglichen äußerst geringe Übergangswiderstände, sind kontaktsicher und langzeitstabil.The switching element can pass through one or more contacts in a breakthrough in the starting position and in the end position, wherein for the production of an electrical contact on the inner wall of each opening a plurality of distributed over the inner circumference, resiliently formed contact elements are provided, which act on the outer periphery of the switching member , For this type of contacting commercially available finished products can be used, which are also referred to as multicontact elements and realize detachable electrical connectors. These usually comprise resilient contact elements inserted in grooves. The grooves usually extend in the axial direction in the inner wall of a breakthrough, which passes through the switching element in the contact position. Such a multi-contact element may be formed as an annular insert part, which is inserted into a corresponding opening in the respective contact of the contact unit such that there is a minimal electrical contact resistance between the contact and the annular insert part and the insert part or the multi-contact fixed in Contact is held. Such multi-contact connections allow extremely low contact resistance, are contact-proof and long-term stable.
Die Verwendung der allgemeinen Struktur eines stabförmigen Schaltglieds, welches mit wenigstens zwei Kontakten zusammenwirkt, die jeweils einen Durchbruch für das Schalglied aufweisen, um in einer Schaltstellung des Schaltglieds einen Kontakt zwischen dem betreffenden Kontakt und dem Schaltglied herzustellen und in einer anderen Schaltstellung den Kontakt zu unterbrechen, kann ebenfalls unabhängig von weiteren Merkmalen, die den Antrieb oder das übrige Schaltglied (auch hinsichtlich deren Funktionalität) betreffen, eingesetzt werden, um eine flexible Ausgestaltung des Schalters hinsichtlich der Funktion als Schließer, Öffner und/oder Wechsler und/oder Abzweigschalter zu ermöglichen. Hierzu müssen lediglich die Anzahl und die Positionen der Kontakte in Bezug auf das Schaltglied (unter Berücksichtigung dessen Länge und Ausgestaltung hinsichtlich der Anzahl und der jeweiligen Länge der Kontaktteile und Isolatorteile des Schaltglieds) so gewählt werden, dass sich die gewünschte Funktionalität ergibt. Zur Auslegung des Schalters in dieser Hinsicht muss also gewährtleistet sein, dass bei einer gegebenen Anzahl von Kontakten jeweils in der Ausgangsstellung und Endstellung die gewünschten Kontakte über das Schaltglied elektrisch verbundenen bzw. nicht verbunden sind.The use of the general structure of a rod-shaped switching element, which cooperates with at least two contacts, each having an opening for the shutter member to make contact in a switching position of the switching member between the contact and the switching element and interrupt the contact in another switching position , Can also be used independently of other features that relate to the drive or the rest of the switching element (also in terms of their functionality), to a flexible configuration of the switch to enable the function as NO, NC and / or changeover and / or branch switch. For this purpose, only the number and the positions of the contacts with respect to the switching element (taking into account its length and configuration in terms of the number and the respective length of the contact parts and insulator parts of the switching element) must be selected so that the desired functionality results. To design the switch in this regard must therefore be granted that, for a given number of contacts in each case in the starting position and end position, the desired contacts via the switching element are electrically connected or not connected.
Selbstverständlich kann auch ein Schalter mit diesem Kernmerkmal auch weitere Merkmale aufweisen, die vorstehend oder nachstehend in Verbindung mit den verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben sind.Of course, a switch with this core feature also have other features that are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, wobei die Varianten gemäß den
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines als einpoliger Öffner ausgebildeten elektrischen Schalters mit einem das Schaltglied unmittelbar antreibenden pyrotechnischen Antrieb, wobei das Schaltglied in der Ausgangsposition (
Fig. 1a ) und der Endposition (Fig. 1b ) dargestellt ist; - Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines als einpoliger Öffner ausgebildeten elektrischen Schalters nach der Erfindung mit einem das Schaltglied mittelbar über ein Impulsübertragungselement antreibenden pyrotechnischen Antrieb, wobei das Schaltglied in der Ausgangsposition (
Fig. 2a ) und der Endposition (Fig. 2b ) dargestellt ist; - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich des Beispiels in
Fig. 1 , wobei der Antrieb als elektrodynamischer Antrieb ausgebildet ist; - Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines als einpoliger Abzweigschalter ausgebildeten elektrischen Schalters mit einem das Schaltglied unmittelbar antreibenden elektrodynamischen Antrieb, wobei das Schaltglied in der Ausgangsposition (
Fig. 4a ) und der Endposition (Fig. 4b ) dargestellt ist; - Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung eines als einpoliger Wechselschalter ausgebildeten elektrischen Schalters mit einem das Schaltglied unmittelbar antreibenden elektrodynamischen Antrieb, wobei das Schaltglied in der Ausgangsposition (
Fig. 5a ) und der Endposition (Fig. 5b ) dargestellt ist; - Fig. 6
- eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich des Beispiels in
Fig. 5 , wobei der Stopp-Bereich des Schaltglieds einen radialen Anschlagsflansch aufweist; - Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich des Beispiels in
Fig. 6 , wobei der elektrodynamische Antrieb ein Hebelgetriebe umfasst; - Fig. 8
- eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich des Beispiels in
Fig. 6 , wobei der Antrieb ein Federelement als Energiespeicher umfasst; - Fig. 9
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich der Ausführungsform in
Fig. 2 , wobei die Kontakteinheit in ein einem dichten Gehäuse angeordnet ist; - Fig. 10
- eine schematische Darstellung eines nicht beanspruchten Beispiels ähnlich der Ausführungsform in
Fig. 9 , wobei der Antrieb das Schaltglied direkt über eine Gehäusemembran beaufschlagt; - Fig. 11
- eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich des Beispiels in
Fig. 1 , wobei der Schalter ein dichtes Gehäuse aufweist, in welchem der Antrieb, die Kontakteinheit und das Schaltglied angeordnet sind; - Fig. 12
- eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung ähnlich der Ausführungsform in
Fig. 2 , wobei das Schaltglied mit seinem rückwärtigen Ende in eine Sackausnehmung im rückwärtigen Kontakt eingepresst ist; - Fig. 13
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform ähnlich der Ausführungsform in
Fig. 12 , wobei das Schaltglied einstückig mit den beiden Kontakten ausgebildet ist und zwischen dem Schaltglied und den Kontakten Sollbruchstellen vorgesehen sind; - Fig. 14
- einen Längsschnitt durch ein Schaltglied mit strukturierten Stopp-Bereichen;
- Fig. 15
- eine Schnittdarstellung eines Bremskontakts oder eines separaten Bremselements mit einem strukturierten Durchbruch zur Aufnahme des Stopp-Bereichs eines Schaltglieds; und
- Fig. 16
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Bremskontakts oder eines separaten Bremselements und eines vorderen Endes eines Schaltglieds mit einem ringförmigen, konischen Bremselement in einer Position vor dem Eingreifen des Schaltglieds in einen Durchbruch des Bremskontakts oder des separaten Bremselements (
Fig. 16a ) und in einer Endposition des Schaltglieds.
- Fig. 1
- 3 is a schematic representation of a single-pole opener designed as an electrical switch with a switching element directly driving pyrotechnic drive, wherein the switching member in the starting position (
Fig. 1a ) and the end position (Fig. 1b ) is shown; - Fig. 2
- 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an electric switch according to the invention designed as a single-pole opener with a pyrotechnic drive driving the switching element indirectly via a pulse transmission element, the switching element being in the starting position (FIG.
Fig. 2a ) and the end position (Fig. 2b ) is shown; - Fig. 3
- a schematic representation similar to the example in FIG
Fig. 1 , wherein the drive is designed as an electrodynamic drive; - Fig. 4
- 2 is a schematic representation of an electrical switch designed as a unipolar branch switch with an electrodynamic drive which directly drives the switching element, the switching element being in the starting position (FIG.
Fig. 4a ) and the end position (Fig. 4b ) is shown; - Fig. 5
- 2 is a schematic representation of an electrical switch designed as a single-pole changeover switch with an electrodynamic drive which directly drives the switching element, the switching element being in the starting position (FIG.
Fig. 5a ) and the end position (Fig. 5b ) is shown; - Fig. 6
- a schematic representation similar to the example in FIG
Fig. 5 wherein the stop portion of the switching member has a radial stop flange; - Fig. 7
- a schematic representation similar to the example in FIG
Fig. 6 wherein the electrodynamic drive comprises a lever gear; - Fig. 8
- a schematic representation similar to the example in FIG
Fig. 6 wherein the drive comprises a spring element as energy storage; - Fig. 9
- a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment in
Fig. 2 wherein the contact unit is arranged in a sealed housing; - Fig. 10
- a schematic representation of an unclaimed example similar to the embodiment in
Fig. 9 wherein the drive acts on the switching member directly via a housing membrane; - Fig. 11
- a schematic representation similar to the example in FIG
Fig. 1 wherein the switch has a sealed housing in which the drive, the contact unit and the switching element are arranged; - Fig. 12
- a schematic representation of another embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment in
Fig. 2 , wherein the switching element with its rear end is pressed into a blind recess in the rear contact; - Fig. 13
- a schematic representation of an embodiment similar to the embodiment in
Fig. 12 wherein the switching element is formed integrally with the two contacts and are provided between the switching element and the contacts predetermined breaking points; - Fig. 14
- a longitudinal section through a switching element with structured stop areas;
- Fig. 15
- a sectional view of a brake contact or a separate braking element with a structured aperture for receiving the stop region of a switching element; and
- Fig. 16
- a schematic representation of a brake contact or a separate braking element and a front end of a switching member with an annular conical braking element in a position before the engagement of the switching member in a breakthrough of the brake contact or the separate braking element (
Fig. 16a ) and in an end position of the switching element.
An dieser Stellte sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die exakte Form und Struktur der einzelnen Komponenten selbstverständlich von den jeweils in der gesamten Zeichnung dargestellten Varianten abweichen kann, solange die jeweilige Funktion gewährleistet ist. Bei den Figuren handelt es sich im vorliegenden Fall lediglich um schematische Figuren, die zur Erläuterung der Funktion des betreffenden Schalters dienen.It should be noted that the exact shape and structure of the individual components can of course deviate from the variants shown in the entire drawing, as long as the respective function is guaranteed is. The figures in the present case are merely schematic figures which serve to explain the function of the relevant switch.
Der in
Das Antriebselement 15 des Antriebs 11 ist in einem Gehäuse 19 in axialer Richtung des Schaltglieds 9 verschiebbar angeordnet.
Bei Erreichen der Auslösekraft wird das Haltemittel 21 aus einer der beiden Ausnehmungen herausgerissen. In einer anderen Variante kann das Haltemittel 21 jedoch auch so ausgebildet sein, dass es eine Sollbruchstelle, beispielsweise mittig zwischen dem Antriebselement 15 und dem Gehäuseteil 23, aufweist. In diesem Fall wird die Sollbruchstelle und die Befestigung des Haltemittels 21 in den beiden Aufnahmeausnehmungen so ausgeführt, dass bei Erreichen der Auslösekraft das Haltemittel 21 an seiner Sollbruchstelle reißt und das Antriebselement 15 freigibt.Upon reaching the release force, the holding means 21 is torn out of one of the two recesses. In another variant, however, the holding means 21 may also be designed so that it has a predetermined breaking point, for example centrally between the
Bei der in
Selbstverständlich kann das Haltemittel 21 auch auf jede beliebige andere geeignete Weise realisiert sein, beispielsweise durch eine Crimpverbindung zwischen dem Antriebselement und dem Gehäuse 19 oder dem Gehäuseteil 23, oder durch einen radial in der Ausgangsposition des Antriebselements 15 in dieses eingreifenden Scherstift, der erst bei Erreichen der Auslösekraft abgeschert wird. Auch eine Verrastung des Antriebselements 15 im Gehäuse ist möglich.Of course, the holding means 21 may be realized in any other suitable manner, for example by a crimp connection between the drive member and the
Wie in
Bei einer Aktivierung des pyrotechnischen Materials wird somit ein Gasdruck erzeugt, der eine entsprechende axiale Druckkraft auf das Antriebselement 11 in Richtung auf das Schaltglied 9 bewirkt.Upon activation of the pyrotechnic material thus a gas pressure is generated which causes a corresponding axial compressive force on the
Wie aus
Wird der Antrieb 11 durch eine entsprechende Ansteuerung der Auslösevorrichtung 25 ausgelöst, so wird durch das vorzugsweise deflagrierend umsetzende Material der pyrotechnischen Ladung im Aufnahmeraum ein Gasdruck erzeugt, der zunächst infolge der Verdämmung, die durch das Haltemittel 21 erreicht wird, schnell ansteigt. Bei Überschreiten der Auslösekraft gibt das Haltemittel 21 das Antriebselement 15 frei. Hierdurch wird das Antriebselement, welches mit dem Schaltglied 9 über den axialen Verbindungszapfen 17 gekoppelt ist, in der axialen Richtung des Schaltglieds 9 mit einer ausreichend hohen Schaltgeschwindigkeit verschoben. Hierdurch wird das Schaltglied aus der in
Das Schaltglied besteht bei der in
Das Isolatorteil 9b des Schaltglieds 9 gewährleistet einen ausreichenden Isolationsabstand zwischen dem rückwärtigen Ende des aus einem leitenden Material bestehenden Kontaktteils 9a. Hierzu kann das aus einem isolierenden Material, beispielsweise einem Kunststoff, bestehende Isolatorteil 9b an seinem Umfang derart strukturiert sein, dass sich in axialer Richtung eine längere Wegstrecke für Oberflächenströme bzw. Kriechströme ergibt. Dies kann durch das Einfräsen von Umfangsnuten geschehen, wie dies in
Wie aus
Dieser, das erzeugte Gas aufnehmende Raum kann durch eine entsprechende Ausführung des Gehäuses und des Dichtrands 29 des Antriebselements 15 auch nach Erreichen der Endposition des Antriebselements 15 annähernd dicht sein, so dass nicht die Gefahr besteht, dass durch Austreten des Heizgases Beschädigungen oder Verletzungen von Personen hervorgerufen werden. Um zu vermeiden, dass der Antrieb 11 nach einem Auslösen fortwährend unter Druck steht, können kleine Auslassöffnungen für das Gas im Gehäuse vorgesehen sein, die vorzugsweise so klein gewählt sind, dass durch Austreten des Heizgas keinerlei Verletzungen oder Beschädigungen hervorgerufen werden können. Solche Auslassöffnungen können auch so vorgesehen sein, dass diese nur in der Endposition des Antriebselements 15 wirksam werden. Beispielsweise können axial verlaufende Nuten in dem vorderen Bereich des Gehäuses 19 mit kleinerem Durchmesser vorgesehen sein, die eine solche radiale Tiefe aufweisen, dass auch bei einem Anschlag des Dichtrands 29 an der Schulter zwischen dem Raum mit kleinerem und größerem Durchmesser Gas aus dem Innenraum über die Nuten nach vorne austreten kann.This, the generated gas receiving space may be approximately dense by a corresponding design of the housing and the sealing edge 29 of the
Wie aus
Das Schaltglied 11 führt also eine freie Bewegungsphase aus, nachdem es vom Antrieb 9 abgekoppelt wurde bzw. von diesem nicht mehr mit einer Kraft beaufschlagt wird. Hierdurch lassen sich für das Schaltglied 9 praktisch beliebig große Schaltwege realisieren. Denn der Schaltweg ist nicht mehr durch den Bewegungsweg festgelegt, der durch den Antrieb 11 zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.The switching
Grundsätzlich wäre es auch möglich, das Schaltglied 9 bzw. das Isolatorelement 9b unmittelbar an seiner Rückseite mit dem Gasdruck des Antriebs 11 zu beaufschlagen. Allerdings würde dies die Herstellung der Einheit aus Antrieb 11 und Schaltglied 9 komplizieren. Zudem könnte nicht mehr gewährleistet werden, dass bei einem Auslösen des pyrotechnischen Antriebs 11 die erzeugten Heizgase zumindest nicht derart in die Umgebung gelangen, dass hier die Gefahr von Beschädigungen oder Verletzungen besteht.In principle, it would also be possible to apply the
Der Bewegungsweg des Schaltglieds 9 wird bei der in
Das Frontende des Schaltglieds 9 bzw. des Kontaktteils 9a ist ebenfalls konisch ausgebildet, wobei der Konuswinkel in etwa dem Konuswinkel des Durchbruchs 31 entspricht. Selbstverständlich muss für das gewünschte Abbremsen des Schaltglieds bei einem Eingreifen in den Durchbruch 31 der minimale Durchmesser des Durchbruchs 31 kleiner sein als der maximale Durchmesser des Schaltglieds 9a in seinem vorderen Bereich. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein verhältnismäßig langsames Abbremsen des Schaltteils 9, welches mit hoher Geschwindigkeit mit seinem vorderen Ende in den Durchbruch 31 des Bremselements 7 eintritt. Dieses verhältnismäßig langsame Abbremsen der Verschiebebewegung des Schaltglieds 9 führt zu geringeren mechanischen Belastungen des Schalters 1.The front end of the switching
Wie aus
Bei dem in
Bei der in
In seiner Endposition wird das Schaltteil bei dem in
Durch den großen Verschiebeweg, der durch die freie Bewegungsphase des Schaltglieds 9 nach dem Abkoppeln vom Antrieb 11 möglich ist, können somit auch die Taktabstände zwischen den Kontakten 3, 5 so groß gewählt werden, dass der Schalter auch für hohe Spannungen, insbesondere Spannungen von mehr als 10 kV, verwendbar ist, die an den Kontakten 3, 5 nach einem Auftrennen des Stromkreises anliegt. Zudem lassen sich bei entsprechender Dimensionierung des Isolatorteils 9b auch große Abstände zwischen der Kontakteinheit 4 und dem Antrieb 11 realisieren. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Bedeutung, wenn zwar die maximale Schaltspannung, die an der Kontakteinheit 4 bzw. den Kontakten 3, 5 anliegen kann, nicht allzu hoch ist, jedoch die Kontakteinheit auf einem sehr viel höheren Potential liegt, als die Antriebseinheit 11.Due to the large displacement, which is possible by the free movement phase of the
Es sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass der Schalter 1 selbstverständlich in jeder geeigneten Größe realisierbar ist. Dies ist insbesondere abhängig von der zu schaltenden Spannung und dem zu schaltenden Strom. Die Größe kann dabei von kleinen Baugrößen für Spannungen im Bereich von wenigen 10 bis wenigen 100 Volt liegen bis hin zu großen Baugrößen für Spannungen von mehreren Tausend, mehreren Zehntausend oder gar mehreren 100 000 Volt. Bei großen Schaltern kann das Schaltglied durchaus Längen im Bereich von einem bis zu mehreren Metern erreichen.It should be noted at this point that the
Bei dem in
Der pyrotechnische Antrieb 11 bei der Ausführungsform nach
Das Impulsübertragungselement 35 ist so ausgebildet, dass es eine ausreichende Masse aufweist, um einen entsprechend großen Impuls auf das Schaltglied 9 übertragen zu können, der dazu führt, dass das Schaltglied 9 durch diese mittelbare Beaufschlagung mittels des Antriebs 11 beschleunigt und aus seiner Ausgangsposition (
Die Funktion des in
Um zu vermeiden, dass das Impulsübertragungselement 25 nach seinem Auftreffen auf das Schaltglied 9 unkontrolliert im Schalter 1 herumfliegt oder herumliegt, können das Schaltglied, insbesondere das Isolatorteil 9b, und das Impulsübertragungselement 35 so ausgebildet sein, dass sich das Impulsübertragungselement 35 nach seinem Auftreffen auf das rückwärtige Ende des Schaltglieds 9 bzw. des Isolatorteils 9b mit diesem verbindet. Hierzu kann, wie in
Bei der in
Es sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass in
Das Beispiel nach
Im Übrigen gleicht die Funktionsweise des Schalters 1 in
Der Schalter 1 nach dem in
Der Schalter 1 nach
Wie auch bei dem Beispiel nach
Wie aus
Der Schalter 1 nach
Im Unterschied zu den zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsformen wird das Kontaktteil 9a im Bremskontakt 7' jedoch nicht über einen konischen Durchbruch und das konische vordere Ende des Schaltglieds 9 abgebremst, sondern durch einen sich über den Umfang des vorderen Endes des Kontaktteils 9a des Schaltglieds 9 erstreckenden Anschlagsflansch 41. Wie aus
Um in diesem Fall einen sicheren elektrischen Kontakt zwischen dem Kontaktteil 9a und dem Bremskontakt 7 zu gewährleisten, weist der Bremskontakt 7 Kontaktierungsmittel 43 auf, wie sie auch im Fall der anderen Kontakte verwendet sein können, die sowohl vor als auch nach der Verschiebebewegung des Schaltglieds 9 einen elektrischen Kontakt bewirken müssen. Derartige Kontaktmittel 43 können selbstverständlich auch bei solchen Kontakten verwendet werden, die entweder nur in der Ausgangsposition oder in der Endposition des Schaltglieds 9 mit dem Schaltglied elektrisch verbunden sein müssen.In order to ensure a safe electrical contact between the
Die Kontaktmittel 43 können insbesondere als sogenannter Multikontakt ausgebildet sein. Ein Multikontakt weist üblicherweise an der Innenwandung des jeweiligen Durchbruchs im Kontakt 3, 5, 7' federnde Elemente auf, die über den Innenumfang verteilt angeordnet sind. Die federnden Elemente sind an einem Ende mit dem jeweiligen Kontakt, 3, 5, 7' elektrisch verbunden und beaufschlagen mit dem anderen Ende den Außenumfang des Schaltglieds 9 bzw. des Kontaktteils 9a. Hierdurch wird ein sicherer Kontakt gewährleistet. Derartige Multikontakte sind im Handel als Fertigbauteile erhältlich und können beispielsweise ringförmig ausgebildet sein. In der Innenwandung des Rings können axiale Nuten verlaufen, in welchen die federnden Kontaktteile liegen, wobei die Kontaktteile mit einem freien Ende in radialer Richtung über den Innenumfang des Rings hervorstehen. Der Außenumfang des Schaltglieds bzw. des Kontaktteils 9a wird dabei so gewählt, dass er im Wesentlichen dem Innenumfang des Rings des Multikontakts entspricht. Hierdurch wird der Außenumfang des Schaltglieds sicher durch die federnden Kontaktelemente beaufschlagt. Ein solcher Multikontakt erlaubt auch ein mehrfaches Ein- und Ausschieben bzw. eine Bewegung des Schaltglieds unter Aufrechterhaltung des elektrischen Kontakts zwischen dem Schaltglied 9 bzw. dem Kontaktteil 9a und dem betreffenden Kontaktteil 3, 5, 7'.The contact means 43 may be formed in particular as a so-called multi-contact. A multicontact usually has on the inner wall of the respective breakthrough in the
Der in
Die Druckplatte kann mit einer Auslösevorrichtung in ihrer axialen Bewegbarkeit freigegeben werden. Das Auslösen kann selbstverständlich manuell oder auch angesteuert erfolgen, abhängig von der Ausbildung der Auslösevorrichtung 55. Eine ansteuerbare Auslösevorrichtung kann beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein, dass ein radial in die Druckplatte eingreifender Stift mittels eines Elektromagneten der Auslösevorrichtung 55 aus einer sperrenden Position in eine Freigabeposition bewegt wird.The pressure plate can be released with a triggering device in its axial mobility. The triggering can of course be done manually or controlled, depending on the design of the triggering
Im Übrigen entspricht die Funktionalität dieser Variante eines Schalters 1 wiederum den Beispielen in
Bei einem Auslösen des Antriebs 11 wird das Impulsübertragungselement 35 nicht mehr unmittelbar auf die rückwärtige Stirnseite des Schaltglieds 9 bzw. des Isolatorteils 9b geschossen, sondern auf die dazwischen angeordnete Membran 59. Die Impulsübertragung erfolgt in diesem Fall also mittelbar vom Impulsübertragungselement 35 über die Membran 59 auf das Schaltglied 9.When the
Die Membran ist dabei vorzugsweise so ausgebildet und so auf den zu übertragenden Impuls abgestimmt, dass sie sich während der Impulsübertragung verformt. Hierdurch kann das Impulsübertragungselement langsamer abgebremst werden.The membrane is preferably designed and tuned to the pulse to be transmitted so that it deforms during the impulse transmission. As a result, the pulse transmission element can be braked slower.
Es ist auch möglich, die Membran und das Impulsübertragungselement 35 so auszugestalten, dass das Impulsübertragungselement nach seinem Auftreffen auf die Membran 59 mit dieser verbunden wird, beispielsweise durch das Vorsehen eines entsprechenden Aufnahmemittels oder durch ein Verschweißen der betreffenden Materialien durch die Aufprallenergie.It is also possible to configure the diaphragm and the
Im Übrigen entspricht die Funktionalität des in
Das in
Das Beispiel eines Schalters 1 nach
Als Besonderheit bei dieser Kontakteinheit ist das Schaltglied 9 mit seinem rückwärtigen Ende in eine Aufnahmeausnehmung im rückwärtigen Kontakt 5 gehalten. Das Kontaktelement kann hier bei der Herstellung beispielsweise eingepresst werden. Der Anschlagsflansch 41 kann hier mit seiner Rückseite auch als Begrenzung für ein Einpressen dienen. Es verbleibt somit am Boden der Aufnahmeausnehmung des Kontakts 5 nur noch eine dünne Wandung, die einen Ausbrechbereich 61 bildet. Beim Auftreffen des Kontaktübertragungselements 35 auf den Ausbrechbereich 61 wird dieser aus dem Kontakt 5 ausgebrochen, und der Impuls (zumindest ein ausreichend großer Teil davon) des Impulsübertragungselements 35 wird auf das Schaltglied 9 übertragen. Das Schaltglied 9 wird dann in seine Endposition bewegt, die in
Wie in
Der Schalter in
Zusätzlich ist bei der Ausführungsform nach
Bei der in
Befindet sich der Anschlagsflansch 41 nicht unmittelbar am Kontakt 5, so kann die Dünnstelle selbstverständlich auch durch einen Schneid- oder Fräsprozess im Kontakt 5 hergestellt werden. Es ist des Weiteren möglich, ein derart kompliziertes Teil, wie es in
Die Strukturierung ist dabei ganz entscheidend zur Herstellung eines sicheren Kontakts und für das gewünschte Verschweißen der Materialien des Schaltglieds und des Bremskontakts. Der rückwärtige strukturierte Bereich 9" kann ebenfalls dazu dienen, einen sicheren elektrischen Kontakt mit einem zweiten Kontakt (nicht dargestellt) herzustellen. Dabei kann das Schaltglied 9 nach
Das Schaltglied 9 nach
Anstelle oder zusätzlich zu einer Strukturierung des Schaltglieds 9 in einem Bereich oder axialen Abschnitt des Schaltglieds 9, in dem ein Kontaktieren oder Verschweißen mit der Innenwandung eines entsprechenden Kontakts gewünscht ist, kann auch die Innenwandung des betreffenden Durchbruchs in einem Bremskontakt 7' mit einer Struktur versehen sein. Es werden dann anstelle des oder zusätzlich zu den Materialfluss im strukturierten Bereich des Schaltglieds 9 auch Materialflüsse im Bereich der Innenwandung des Durchbruchs in dem betreffenden Kontakt erzeugt. Ein derartiger strukturierter Durchbruch in einem Bremskontakt 7' ist in
Anstelle von Nuten ist selbstverständlich jede andere Strukturierung denkbar, die entsprechende Freiräume zur Aufnahme von sich erweichendem Material schafft.Instead of grooves, of course, any other structuring is conceivable that creates appropriate space for receiving softening material.
Auf dem zylindrischen Element 65 ist ein ringförmiges Konusteil 69 aufgeschoben. Das Konusteil weist hierzu einen Innendurchmesser auf, der im Wesentlichen dem Außendurchmesser des zylindrischen Elements 65 entspricht. Das Konusteil 69 kann auch einen oder mehrere axial verlaufende Längsschnitze oder Längsnuten aufweisen. Die konische Außenwandung des Konusteils 69 ist so gewählt, dass diese bei einem Einschieben des Schaltglieds 9 in den Durchbruch 31 des Kontakts 3 von der Innenwandung des im Schnitt ebenfalls konisch ausgebildeten Durchbruchs 31 so beaufschlagt wird, dass radial einwärts gerichtete Kräfte auf das Konusteil 69 wirken. Dies führt zunächst zu Reibkräften zwischen der Innenwandung des Durchbruchs 31 des Kontakts 3 und der Außenwandung des Konusteils 69 sowie zwischen der Innenwandung des Konusteils 69 und der Außenwandung des zylindrischen Elements 65. Infolge der hohen Energie, mit welcher das Schaltglied 9 eingeschoben wird, führt dies zu einer Temperaturerhöhung und zu Materialflüssen, die wiederum durch die Längsschlitze oder die Längsnuten in der Außenwandung des Konusteils 69 aufgenommen werden können. Die Anschlagschulter stoppt die Verschiebebewegung des Konusteils 69 auf dem Element 65, so dass ab dem Erreichen des Anschlags das Konusteil 69 zusammen mit dem übrigen Schaltglied 9 in den Durchbruch 31 hineingepresst wird.On the
Die Längsschlitze im Konusteil 69 können gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt ausgebildet sein. Es ist jedoch ebenfalls möglich, wie in
Abschließend sei erwähnt, dass selbstverständlich Merkmale, die nur in Verbindung mit einer oder mehreren der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen erläutert sind, selbstverständlich auch mit anderen Ausführungsformen kombiniert werden können. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Ausgestaltung des Stopp-Bereichs des Schaltglieds 9, der als bloßer Konus ausgebildet sein kann, oder einen Anschlagsflansch 41 umfassen kann. Selbstverständlich sind auch Kombinationen hieraus denkbar. Auch die in Verbindung mit den
Dies gilt auch für die in den Figuren beschriebenen verschiedenen Varianten von Kontakteinheiten, Schaltgliedern und Schaltfunktionen. Sind keine derart hohen Schaltwege erforderlich, so kann der Antrieb fortwährend, d.h. während der gesamten Bewegung zwischen der Ausgangsposition und der Endposition des Schaltglieds, mit dem Schaltglied gekoppelt sein. Die Vorteile der vorstehend beschriebenen Kontakteinheiten und Kontaktierungsvarianten, insbesondere die flexible Gestaltung von Schaltfunktionen durch das Vorsehen eines stabförmigen Schaltglieds, welches in Durchbrüche in den Kontakten bzw. im Bremselement eingreift, bleiben erhalten.This also applies to the different variants of contact units, switching elements and switching functions described in the figures. If no such high switching paths are required, then the drive can be driven continuously, i. during the entire movement between the starting position and the end position of the switching element, be coupled to the switching member. The advantages of the above-described contact units and Kontaktierungsvarianten, in particular the flexible design of switching functions by providing a rod-shaped switching element, which engages in openings in the contacts or in the brake element remain intact.
Weitere, nicht dargestellte Varianten werden nachfolgend kurz beschrieben.Further, not shown variants are briefly described below.
In einer Variante kann das in der Zeichnung dargestellte, in der Regel im Querschnit kreisrunde Schaltglied einen anderen, beispielsweise rechteckigen, insbesondere flachen, rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Die Durchbrüche in den Kontakten weisen dann eine entsprechend komplementäre Form auf. Dies führt zu dem Vorteil, dass der Schalter zu einer flachen Baugruppe ausgestaltet sein kann.In a variant, the circular member shown in the drawing, usually in the cross section circular another, for example rectangular, in particular flat, rectangular cross-section. The openings in the contacts then have a correspondingly complementary shape. This leads to the advantage that the switch can be configured to a flat assembly.
Es ist auch möglich, mehrere Schaltglieder zu verwenden, wobei wenigstens zwei Kontakte mit wenigstens zwei Schaltgliedern zusammenwirken. Hierdurch kann zum einen eine Redundanz erzeugt werden und zum anderen können beispielsweise unterschiedliche Kontakte mit demselben Kontakt verbunden oder von diesem getrennt werden.It is also possible to use a plurality of switching elements, wherein at least two contacts cooperate with at least two switching elements. In this way, on the one hand a redundancy can be generated and on the other hand, for example, different contacts can be connected to or disconnected from the same contact.
Das Gehäuse des Schalters, welches, wie vorstehend beschrieben, bestimmte Komponenten oder alle Komponenten des Schalters umgibt, kann auch dazu dienen und hierfür so ausgebildet sein, dass der Zustand des Schalters von außen erkennbar gemacht wird. Gleichzeitig kann das Material des Gehäuses oder einer oder mehrerer Beschichtungen an der Innen- oder Außenseite so gewählt sein, dass sich eine elektromagnetische Abschirmwirkung ergibt.The housing of the switch, which, as described above, certain components or all components of the switch surrounds, can also serve and be designed so that the state of the switch is made visible from the outside. At the same time, the material of the housing or one or more coatings may be selected on the inside or outside so that there is an electromagnetic shielding effect.
Das Sichtbarmachen des Schalterzustandes kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass das Gehäuse zumindest in relevanten Bereichen aus einem solchen Material besteht oder mit einem solchen Material beschichtet wird, dass eine Verlustleistung, die im Schalter bei bestimmten Schaltzuständen erzeugt wird, oder elektromagnetische Felder, die in bestimmten Schaltzuständen erzeugt werden, zu einer Änderung des Zustands des Materials des Gehäuses bzw. der Gehäusebeschichtung führen. Insbesondere können Materialen verwendet werden, die auf das Vorhandensein von elektromagnetischen Feldern oder Temperaturänderungen, die durch die Verlustleistung hervorgerufen werden, mit einer Farbänderung reagieren. Auf diese Weise kann der Schalterzustand optisch, auch aus größerer Entfernung, festgestellt bzw. überwacht werden.The visualization of the switch state, for example, take place in that the housing consists at least in relevant areas of such a material or coated with such a material that a power loss generated in the switch at certain switching states, or electromagnetic fields in certain switching states be generated, leading to a change in the state of the material of the housing or the housing coating. In particular, materials can be used that react to the presence of electromagnetic fields or temperature changes caused by the power loss with a color change. In this way, the switch state can be detected or monitored visually, even from a greater distance.
Generell kann das Gehäuse aus jeglichem Material hergestellt werden, sofern dessen spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit klein ist gegenüber der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit der Materialien im Strompfad. Beispielsweise kann als Gehäusematerial auch Graphit verwendet werden, wodurch das Gehäuse bzw. der gesamte Schalter für Hochtemperaturanwendungen verwendet werden kann.In general, the housing can be made of any material, provided that its specific electrical conductivity is small compared to the specific conductivity of the materials in the current path. For example, graphite can also be used as the housing material, as a result of which the housing or the entire switch can be used for high-temperature applications.
- 11
- elektrischer Schalterelectrical switch
- 33
- KontaktContact
- 44
- KontakteinheitContact unit
- 55
- KontakteinheitContact unit
- 77
- Bremselement, 7' BremskontaktBrake element, 7 'brake contact
- 99
- Schaltgliedswitching element
- 9a9a
- Kontaktteilcontact part
- 9b9b
- Isolatorteilinsulator part
- 1111
- Antriebdrive
- 1313
- Verbindungselementefasteners
- 1515
- Antriebselementdriving element
- 1717
- axialer Verbindungszapfenaxial connecting pin
- 1919
- Gehäusecasing
- 2121
- Haltemittelholding means
- 2323
- Gehäuseteilhousing part
- 2525
- Auslösevorrichtungtriggering device
- 2727
- Aufnahmeraumaccommodation space
- 2929
- Dichtrandsealing edge
- 3131
- Durchbruchbreakthrough
- 3333
- Sensorsensor
- 3535
- ImpulsübertragungselementPulse transmission element
- 3737
- Ausnehmungrecess
- 3939
- SpuleKitchen sink
- 4141
- Anschlagsflanschstop flange
- 4343
- Kontaktmittelcontact means
- 4545
- Tauchspulemoving coil
- 4747
- Betätigungselementactuator
- 4949
- Hebellever
- 5151
- Schraubenfedercoil spring
- 5353
- Druckplatteprinting plate
- 5555
- Auslösevorrichtungtriggering device
- 5757
- dichtes Gehäusetight housing
- 5959
- Membranmembrane
- 6161
- AusbrechbereichAusbrechbereich
- 6363
- Dünnstellethin place
- 6565
- zylindrisches Elementcylindrical element
- 6767
- Anschlagschulterstop shoulder
- 6969
- Konusteilconical part
- 7171
- Längsschlitzlongitudinal slot
- 73'73 '
- Nutgroove
- 73"73 "
- Nutgroove
- 75'75 '
- Vorsprunghead Start
- 75"75 "
- Vorsprunghead Start
- 7777
- Nutgroove
- 7979
- Vorsprunghead Start
Claims (15)
- Electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents, having a contact unit (4) which comprises at least two contacts (3, 5, 7, 7'), a switching member (9) and a drive (11) for the switching member (9), wherein the drive (11) is configured such that it moves the switching member (9) from a starting position to an end position,
wherein the switching member (9) is accelerated by the drive (11) indirectly by means of a pulse transmission element (35) during an acceleration phase and then runs through a free movement phase until the end position is reached,
characterized
in that the drive (11) accelerates the pulse transmission element (35) in the direction of the switching member (9) when a switching process is triggered, wherein the pulse transmission element (35) is then decoupled from the drive (11), so that the pulse transmission element (35) runs through a free flight phase with a prespecified pulse and transmits at least such a portion of the pulse to the switching member (9) that the switching member (9) is moved from the starting position to the end position. - Switch according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pulse transmission element (35) strikes the switching member (9) after its free flight phase, wherein the pulse transmission element (35) and the switching member (9) are created in such a way that the pulse transmission element (35), when it strikes the switching member (9), is connected, in particular welded, to the said switching member and is moved from the starting position to the end position together with the switching member (9).
- Switch according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching member (9), as seen in the movement direction, consists of at least one contact part (9a) composed of an electrically conductive material and at least one insulator part (9b) composed of an electrically insulating material, for example of, as seen in the movement direction, a front contact part (9a) and a rear insulator part (9b).
- Switch according to Claim 3, characterized in that the contact unit (4) and the switching member (9) are designed such that the switching member (9) is held in a contact (5) of the contact unit (4) in the end position with the at least one insulator part (9b) in such a way that there is a minimum required insulation distance between the contact part (9a) and the contact (5) .
- Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching member (9) has a stop region which is designed such that the switching member (9) is braked at the end of the free movement phase until the end position is reached, wherein the stop region, for this purpose, interacts with a separate stationary brake element (7) of the contact unit (4) or a brake contact (7'), which is designed as a brake element, of the contact unit (4).
- Switch according to Claim 5, characterized in that the stop region interacts with an aperture (31) which is provided in the brake element (7) or in the brake contact (7') and which is provided in the brake element (7) or in the brake contact (7') coaxially with respect to the movement direction and the longitudinal axis of the switching member (9), wherein the stop region engages in the aperture at least during a stop phase until the end position is reached.
- Switch according to Claim 6, characterized in that the stop region has a radial stop flange (41) or one or more stop projections which extend radially outwards and which interact with a wall, which surrounds the aperture (31) in the brake element (7) or in the brake contact (7'), for limiting the axial movement of the switching member (9) in the free movement phase.
- Switch according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the stop region has a region which tapers conically in the direction of the front end of the switching member (9) and which interacts with the inner wall of the aperture (31) in the brake element (7) or in the brake contact (7') for braking the axial movement of the switching member (9) in the free movement phase, wherein the inner wall of the aperture (31) is also of conically tapered design with respect to the longitudinal axis and the movement direction of the switching member (9), wherein the cone angle of the inner wall of the aperture (31) is preferably the same or greater than, that is to say tapers to a greater extent, than the cone angle of the tapering region of the switching member (9).
- Switch according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the stop region, in its circumference, and/or the aperture (31), in its inner wall, have/has a structuring (73', 73", 75', 75"; 77, 79) which are designed such that, when the stop region engages in the aperture during the switching movement of the switching member (9), a material flow is produced which preferably leads to welding of the stop region to the brake element (7) or to the brake contact (7').
- Switch according to Claim 9, characterized in that the stop region has axially running grooves (73', 75') or axially running and radially outwardly extending projections (75", 75"), the axially running outer surfaces of which are each located on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of the front end of the switching member, and/or in that the inner wall of the aperture (31) has axially running grooves (77) or axially running and radially inwardly extending projections (79), the axially running inner surfaces of which are each located on an imaginary cone which tapers in the movement direction of the switching member (9).
- Switch according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that an axially displaceable, preferably slotted, ring (69) is provided in the stop region and is designed such that and so as to interact with the aperture (31) in the brake element (7) or brake contact (7'), in that, during the stop phase with continuing axial movement of the switching member (9), an increasing radial contact-pressure between the inner wall of the aperture (31) and the outer wall of the switching member (9) is produced in the stop region, as a result of which an axial braking effect is produced until the end position is reached.
- Switch according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the stop region of the switching member (9) and the aperture (31) of the brake element (7) or of the brake contact (7') are designed in respect of the geometry and the materials and matched to the kinetic energy of the switching member (9) to be braked such that, when the switching member (9) is braked, welding of at least one subregion of the stop region to the brake element (7) or the brake contact (7') is produced.
- Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching member (9) passes through one or more contacts (3, 5, 7') in an aperture (31) in the starting position and in the end position, wherein, for producing an electrical contact on the inner wall of each aperture (31), a plurality of contact elements which are distributed over the inner circumference and are designed with a spring action are provided, said contact elements acting on the outer circumference of the switching member (9).
- Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the switching member and contacts are coaxially designed as a unit.
- Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing, in which the switching member and the contacts are located, is manufactured entirely of electrically fully/readily insulating materials.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI201531030T SI3175466T1 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Electric switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014110825.6A DE102014110825A1 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2014-07-30 | Electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents |
PCT/DE2015/100320 WO2016015719A2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Electric switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3175466A2 EP3175466A2 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
EP3175466B1 true EP3175466B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
Family
ID=51419195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15754106.1A Active EP3175466B1 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Electric switch, in particular for high voltages and/or high currents |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10236148B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3175466B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017525114A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20170030647A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014110825A1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI3175466T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016015719A2 (en) |
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US10566160B2 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2020-02-18 | Gigavac, Llc | Passive triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
US11239038B2 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2022-02-01 | Gigavac, Llc | Mechanical fuse device |
EP3506331B1 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2022-04-27 | Daicel Corporation | Actuator |
US10549038B2 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-02-04 | Daicel Corporation | Syringe |
SI25500B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2024-02-29 | Eti Elektroelement, D.O.O. | Directly current electric circuit interrupting switch assembly |
DE102018100076B3 (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-06-13 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems for property and personal protection |
DE202018100172U1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2018-01-26 | Peter Lell | Electric circuit breaker with reactive coating in the reaction chamber |
DE102018100686A1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2018-03-01 | Peter Lell | Electric circuit breaker with reactive coating in the reaction chamber |
WO2019154463A1 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | Peter Lell | Interruption switch having main and shunt current path |
DE202018100728U1 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2018-02-21 | Peter Lell | Breaker with main and shunt paths |
DE102018103018B4 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2022-09-29 | Peter Lell | Breaking switching element with main and shunt current path |
US11276535B2 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2022-03-15 | Gigavac, Llc | Passive triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
DE102019102858A1 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2019-03-21 | Peter Lell | Method and device for permanent disconnection of a circuit with inductive load by time-shifted switching of two switches connected in series |
DE102019104451A1 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-11 | Peter Lell | Electric circuit breaker with a tubular separator of varying wall thickness |
FR3099287B1 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2023-06-30 | Arianegroup Sas | Pyrotechnic cut-off device |
GB201912775D0 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-10-23 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Pyrotechnic switching and interruption apparatus |
US11443910B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2022-09-13 | Gigavac, Llc | Contact levitation triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
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2014
- 2014-07-30 DE DE102014110825.6A patent/DE102014110825A1/en active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-07-30 JP JP2017504667A patent/JP2017525114A/en active Pending
- 2015-07-30 US US15/329,397 patent/US10236148B2/en active Active
- 2015-07-30 EP EP15754106.1A patent/EP3175466B1/en active Active
- 2015-07-30 KR KR1020177005838A patent/KR20170030647A/en unknown
- 2015-07-30 SI SI201531030T patent/SI3175466T1/en unknown
- 2015-07-30 WO PCT/DE2015/100320 patent/WO2016015719A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102014110825A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
KR20170030647A (en) | 2017-03-17 |
EP3175466A2 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
SI3175466T1 (en) | 2020-02-28 |
US10236148B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
WO2016015719A3 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
WO2016015719A2 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
US20170229267A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
JP2017525114A (en) | 2017-08-31 |
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