EP3167957B1 - Modular coating unit and method for coating plastic components - Google Patents

Modular coating unit and method for coating plastic components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3167957B1
EP3167957B1 EP16196954.8A EP16196954A EP3167957B1 EP 3167957 B1 EP3167957 B1 EP 3167957B1 EP 16196954 A EP16196954 A EP 16196954A EP 3167957 B1 EP3167957 B1 EP 3167957B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
pigments
mixed
mixer
solvent
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EP16196954.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3167957A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes GÖTZELMANN
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Magna Exteriors GmbH
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Magna Exteriors GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1418Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/84Mixing plants with mixing receptacles receiving material dispensed from several component receptacles, e.g. paint tins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B05B14/40Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/20Arrangements for agitating the material to be sprayed, e.g. for stirring, mixing or homogenising
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B16/00Spray booths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C21/00Accessories or implements for use in connection with applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, not provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C19/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/30Mixing paints or paint ingredients, e.g. pigments, dyes, colours, lacquers or enamel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/48Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying characterised by the nature of the liquids
    • B01F23/483Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying characterised by the nature of the liquids using water for diluting a liquid ingredient, obtaining a predetermined concentration or making an aqueous solution of a concentrate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0408Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing two or more liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2489Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2497Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device several liquids from different sources being supplied to the discharge device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modular painting unit for painting plastic components. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for painting plastic components.
  • a flawless paintwork is an important aspect when buying a vehicle.
  • the paintwork should be flawless and has to do a lot, from corrosion protection of the body to protection against mechanical and harmful weather influences.
  • series painting various technologies are used which, when combined, make a car paintwork perfect and ensure that the body is optimally protected, looks shiny and helps maintain the vehicle's value over the long term.
  • a serial car paintwork today consists of four layers, which are applied in several work steps using different processes.
  • the degreased and cleaned car body is provided with a closed paint film right into each cavity using an electrochemical painting system.
  • This cathodic dip painting, or KTL for short is the basis for comprehensive corrosion protection.
  • the cathodic, i.e. negatively charged body is driven through an aqueous, conductive dip paint in which the positively charged paint particles adhere to the body and form a closed and even coating.
  • filler which has to perform several tasks at the same time. In addition to protecting against falling rocks, it resembles minor bumps on the surface, fills it up, so to speak. It also ensures that the subsequent top coat can adhere better.
  • the clear lacquer has the function of protecting the coloring coating from external influences such as UV radiation, organic or chemical contamination or other damage.
  • the invention pursues the idea of self-responsible mixing and packaging of different components in-situ in the paint shop to a finished paint mixture and its use.
  • the finished paint is based on a base material, which can be manufactured very cheaply and has a small volume, which is easy to transport, and the other properties, for example the final color, are first mixed in and thus only coordinated on site by the painter himself.
  • the late admixture of the solvent or water also simplifies the handling of the material and, above all, reduces the overall transport volume when using water.
  • the finished paint advantageously consists of base material from the first container (8) and solvent or water (L) from the second container (9) in a volume proportion of at least 80% or properties of the finished paint can be the same and the final final adjustment is then achieved by adding solvents or water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments in the painting unit.
  • the mixer accesses the first container for base material, the second container with solvent or water and the respective third container for concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments (P).
  • the mixer is connected to the painting device or the mixer is integrated in the painting device.
  • the inventive method for painting plastic components with a modular painting unit provides that the finished paint used is mixed from a base material, solvent or water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments in situ in the painting unit.
  • the finished paint is mixed in a mixer in the module for the preparation of the paints and transported to the painting unit as a finished paint or the paint is mixed in a mixer in the painting device.
  • the finished paint is mixed in the spray mist of the painting unit, in that the components are simultaneously fed in the correct mixing ratio to at least one spray head.
  • the spray mist is to be regarded as a mixer.
  • the method has the further advantage that the lacquer is not premixed, but the components are applied one after the other in the correct application time.
  • the different components can also be applied without actually mixing.
  • a kind of pre-painting takes place with the first robots or painting elements of the cheap basecoat and the final color setting is done at the end by applying the concentrate.
  • the paints are paints that cure purely by evaporation, i.e. one-component systems, not two-component systems with chemical reaction hardening.
  • FIG. 1 a conventional paint shop is shown, as it is used for example for painting exterior components in automobile construction. It is initially irrelevant whether metal or plastic components are painted.
  • the painting system has a painting module and consists mainly of a painting device 11, which can spray paint mist 10 over a workpiece 4 using a robot or a permanently attached device.
  • the painting device 11 is a spray gun on a robot arm or a spray head of a painting bridge.
  • a module is only shown as an example. A large number of painting modules can be used in parallel or one after the other.
  • the paint sprayed by the spray gun or the paint bridge is obtained from a container for paints 5.
  • These containers contain ready-mixed paints that are supplied ready-mixed by the paint manufacturer.
  • the painting device can be connected to all containers for the paint 5 to be used. If, for example, bumpers are painted, the respective colors from the respective containers are used and exchanged after each group or even individual workpieces.
  • the paints are ready mixed and provided by the manufacturer. This creates large volumes of stocked ready-to-use paints, as each customer demands their own red, their own black, etc.
  • a mixer 8 is used in a module for preparing the paints 2.
  • This mixer 8 is connected to a container 7 for a base material B and to a container 9 for solvent or water and also has connections to containers 6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"' ... with concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments .
  • a paint consists of volatile solvents and non-volatile components.
  • the solvent as the volatile component evaporates during the drying process, while the non-volatile components adhere to the painted object as a smooth film.
  • the non-volatile components are binders, pigments, oils, resins, fillers and additives.
  • the binder ensures a good, uniform suspension with pigments and solvents in the paint, is responsible for an optimal drying process and for the gloss after drying.
  • the essential basis of a paint is the binder and solvent. Pigments are not a necessary component of a paint.
  • the base material in the first container 7 mainly consists of the non-volatile constituents without concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments, a small percentage of solvents being useful for further processing of the base material.
  • the respective solvent is located in the third container 9; if a water-based paint mixture is used, the container 3 is also closed as a water connection consider. In this case, the handling of the base material is even more efficient, since no more solvent has to be transported.
  • the second container 6 ... contain colors with a high color pigment density or metal particles, as required for metallic paintwork.
  • the mixer 8 the components, the base material, solvent or water and the concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments are mixed in order to obtain the desired paint result as a finished paint.
  • a mixing ratio of around 80% base material + solvent / water with 20% concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments is advantageous.
  • a range of 10-20% base material, 60-70% solvent / water, 10-30% concentrated color and / or metal pigments is optimal.
  • the finished paint premixed in the mixer 8 is fed to the painting device 11 and applied to the workpiece 4.
  • the three components are mixed directly in the spray mist 10 without a separate mixer, which is possible through a suitable design of the nozzles.
  • the spray itself thus functions as a mixer.
  • Another embodiment does not use a uniform mixture of the three components in the lacquer layer, but instead builds up the lacquer layer from a mixture of base material + solvent / water with at least one thin, concentrated color and / or metal pigment layer.
  • This paint layer can be on the surface of the paint layer or is integrated in the layers of the base material + solvent / water.
  • a process scheme is shown.
  • a layer of base material + solvent / water is made available for the painting device.
  • the component consisting of the concentrated color and / or metal pigment layer is added to the base material + solvent / water in a further step 42 and the mixture is applied in step 43. This enables a uniformly colored coating.
  • the first step is the application of a layer of base material + solvent / water, then the application of a thin layer of concentrated color and / or metal pigments, which can be repeated as desired.
  • the result is either a finished paint mixture that is maintained homogeneously through the entire paint layer, or only extends over a thin layer S.
  • paint residues consisting of color pigments to a currently used color mixture in the finished paint.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine modulare Lackiereinheit zum Lackieren von Kunststoffbauteilen Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Lackieren von Kunststoffbauteilen.The invention relates to a modular painting unit for painting plastic components. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for painting plastic components.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Neben der Form und der technischen Ausstattung ist eine makellose Lackierung ein wichtiger Aspekt beim Kauf eines Fahrzeugs. Die Lackierung soll makellos ein und muss vom Korrosionsschutz der Karosserie bis hin zum Schutz vor mechanischen und schädlichen Witterungseinflüssen viel leisten. Bei der Serienlackierung kommen verschiedene Technologien zum Einsatz, die in ihrem Zusammenspiel erst eine Autolackierung perfekt machen und dazu führen, dass die Karosserie optimal geschützt ist, glänzend aussieht und langfristig zum Werterhalt des Fahrzeugs beiträgt.In addition to the shape and the technical equipment, a flawless paintwork is an important aspect when buying a vehicle. The paintwork should be flawless and has to do a lot, from corrosion protection of the body to protection against mechanical and harmful weather influences. In series painting, various technologies are used which, when combined, make a car paintwork perfect and ensure that the body is optimally protected, looks shiny and helps maintain the vehicle's value over the long term.

In der Regel besteht eine Autoserienlackierung heute aus vier Schichten, die in mehreren Arbeitsgängen mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren appliziert werden. Zuerst wird die entfettete und gereinigte Karosserie mittels eines elektrochemischen Lackiersystems bis in jeden Hohlraum hinein mit einem geschlossenen Lackfilm versehen. Diese kathodische Tauchlackierung, kurz KTL, ist die Basis für einen umfassenden Korrosionsschutz. Dabei wird die kathodische, das heißt negativ geladene Karosse durch einen wässrigen, leitfähigen Tauchlack gefahren, in dem die positiv geladenen Lackteilchen sich an die Karosse anheften und eine geschlossene und gleichmäßige Beschichtung bilden.As a rule, a serial car paintwork today consists of four layers, which are applied in several work steps using different processes. First, the degreased and cleaned car body is provided with a closed paint film right into each cavity using an electrochemical painting system. This cathodic dip painting, or KTL for short, is the basis for comprehensive corrosion protection. The cathodic, i.e. negatively charged body is driven through an aqueous, conductive dip paint in which the positively charged paint particles adhere to the body and form a closed and even coating.

Dann folgt der Auftrag des so genannten Füllers, der gleich mehrere Aufgaben zu erfüllen hat. Neben dem Schutz vor Steinschlag gleicht er kleinere Unebenheiten auf der Oberfläche aus, füllt sie sozusagen auf. Zudem sorgt er dafür, dass der anschließende Decklack besser haften kann.This is followed by the order of the so-called filler, which has to perform several tasks at the same time. In addition to protecting against falling rocks, it resembles minor bumps on the surface, fills it up, so to speak. It also ensures that the subsequent top coat can adhere better.

Erst jetzt bekommt die Karosserie mit dem so genannten Basislack ihre Farbe. In den Automobilwerken spritzen Lackierroboter die komplette Karosserie in den jeweils aktuellen Farbtönen. Diese heute wasserbasierten Lacksysteme können Effektpigmente oder - wie im Falle einer Metallic-Lackierung - Aluminiumplättchen enthalten. Abschuss bildet das Aufspritzen eines farblosen Klarlacks. Der Klarlack hat die Funktion, die farbgebende Beschichtung vor äußeren Einflüssen, wie UV-Strahlung, organischen oder chemischen Verschmutzungen oder sonstigen Beschädigungen zu schützen.Only now does the body get its color with the so-called basecoat. In the automobile factories, painting robots spray the entire body in the latest colors. Today's water-based paint systems can contain effect pigments or - as in the case of metallic paintwork - aluminum flakes. Shooting forms the spraying of a colorless clear lacquer. The clear lacquer has the function of protecting the coloring coating from external influences such as UV radiation, organic or chemical contamination or other damage.

Mit diesen vier Schritten ist die Lackierung der Karosserie komplett. Erst dann werden außen und innen Zubehörteile wie Außenspiegel oder Stoßfänger montiert. Sie bestehen meist aus Kunststoff und werden getrennt lackiert. Trotz der unterschiedlichen Untergründe und Produktionsbedingungen müssen die Farbtöne exakt zu denen der Karosserie passen.With these four steps the painting of the body is complete. Only then are accessories such as exterior mirrors or bumpers installed outside and inside. They are usually made of plastic and are painted separately. Despite the different surfaces and production conditions, the colors must match those of the body exactly.

In Lackieranlagen für Kunststoffbauteile für die Automobilindustrie werden im Basislack vorgefertigt gemischte Lacke von Lackzulieferern verwendet, wobei die Lacke nach Vorgaben der Lackieranlage sowie der Vorgabe des Rohstoffherstellers und des Endkunden beim Hersteller gemischt werden. Die Abstimmung bei neuen Serienanläufen wird direkt nach Farbmustervorgaben und Lackieranlagenanforderungen ausgeführt und wird dadurch sehr aufwendig und kostenintensiv, da jeweils nur verhältnismäßig kleine Batchfertigungen durchgeführt werden und eine große Palette an Farben vorbereitet und bevorratet werden muss.In paint shops for plastic components for the automotive industry, paints from paint suppliers that are prefabricated in the basecoat are used, whereby the paints are mixed according to the specifications of the paint shop and the specifications of the raw material manufacturer and the end customer at the manufacturer. The coordination for new series start-ups is carried out directly according to color sample specifications and painting system requirements and is therefore very time-consuming and costly, since only relatively small batch productions are carried out and a large range of colors has to be prepared and stocked.

Das führt bei einer Batchfertigung von Klein-/ und Kleinstmengen zu sehr großer Lagerhaltung von unterschiedlich kleinen Behältern mit unterschiedlichen Lacken. Die Lacke liegen als fertige Mischungen vor und es besteht keine Möglichkeit der Anpassung nach Erhalt des freigeprüften Farbmusters und keine Möglichkeiten der Nachbesserung bei kleinsten Abweichungen im Farbton. Für den Zulieferer der Kunststoffteile, die lackiert geliefert werden sollen, besteht somit das Problem, dass er alle Farben aller Kunden bevorraten und bei Problemen immer an den Lacklieferanten herantreten muss.In the case of batch production of small and very small quantities, this leads to very large stocks of containers of different sizes with different paints. The lacquers are available as a finished mixture and there is no possibility of adaptation after receipt of the approved color sample and no possibilities of reworking the smallest deviations in the color. For the supplier of the plastic parts that are to be delivered painted, there is the problem that he has to stock all the colors of all customers and always has to approach the paint supplier in the event of problems.

Aus der DE102008053178A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung bekannt, bei dem Grundfarben im Sprühnebel bzw. auf der lackierten Fläche zum Endresultat gemischt werden sollen. Allerdings werden dazu Farbzubereitungen verwendet, die bereits fertig vorgemischt sind. Die Farbzusammenmischung aus den Grundfarben ist dabei nicht einfach und wird in der Praxis so nicht eingesetzt. Die DE102009031180A1 offenbart eine modulare Lackiereinheit.From the DE102008053178A1 a method of coating is known in which the basic colors are to be mixed in the spray mist or on the painted surface to produce the end result. However, color preparations are used that have already been premixed. Mixing the colors together from the basic colors is not easy and is not used in practice. The DE102009031180A1 discloses a modular painting unit.

Es ist daher Aufgabe Erfindung eine kostengünstige Lackierung von Kunststoffkomponenten mit flexibleren Einstell- und Eingriffsmöglichkeiten im Bereich Lackverarbeitung, sowie des Farbtons der Lackiermaterialien zu erhalten.It is therefore the object of the invention to obtain an inexpensive painting of plastic components with more flexible adjustment and intervention options in the area of paint processing, as well as the color shade of the painting materials.

Die Erfindung verfolgt die Idee der selbstverantwortlichen Mischung und Konfektionierung unterschiedlicher Komponenten in-situ bei der Lackieranlage zu einer fertigen Lackmischung und deren Einsatz.The invention pursues the idea of self-responsible mixing and packaging of different components in-situ in the paint shop to a finished paint mixture and its use.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe mit einer modularen Lackiereinheit entsprechend AnspruchThe task is solved with a modular painting unit according to the requirements

Dabei ist es von Vorteil, dass der Fertiglack auf Basismaterial basiert, welches sehr günstig hergestellt werden kann und transportgünstig ein kleines Volumen aufweist und die weiteren Eigenschaften, zum Beispiel der finale Farbton erst zugemischt werden und so erst vor Ort vom Lackierer selbst abgestimmt werden.It is advantageous that the finished paint is based on a base material, which can be manufactured very cheaply and has a small volume, which is easy to transport, and the other properties, for example the final color, are first mixed in and thus only coordinated on site by the painter himself.

Auch durch das späte Zumischen des Lösungsmittels oder des Wassers die Handhabung des Material vereinfacht und vor allem bei der Verwendung von Wasser das Transportvolumen insgesamt reduziert.The late admixture of the solvent or water also simplifies the handling of the material and, above all, reduces the overall transport volume when using water.

Vorteilhafterweise besteht der Fertiglack aus Basismaterial aus dem ersten Behälter (8) sowie Lösungsmittel oder Wasser (L) aus dem zweiten Behälter (9) in einem Volumenmengenanteil von mindestens 80% .Somit kann ein sehr günstiges Basismaterial vom Lackhersteller eingesetzt werden, welches über verschiedene Farbtöne oder Eigenschaften des Fertiglacks hinweg gleich sein kann und die finale Endabstimmung dann über eine Zumischung von Lösungsmittel oder Wasser und konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten in der Lackiereinheit erreicht wird.The finished paint advantageously consists of base material from the first container (8) and solvent or water (L) from the second container (9) in a volume proportion of at least 80% or properties of the finished paint can be the same and the final final adjustment is then achieved by adding solvents or water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments in the painting unit.

Hierdurch ergeben sich mehrere Vorteile, die vor allem in einer Kostenoptimierung liegen, aber auch in Verarbeitungsvorteile, da dadurch Eingriffsmöglichkeiten des Verarbeiters an der Lackieranlage selbst ausgedehnt werden.This results in several advantages, which are primarily in cost optimization, but also in processing advantages, since the processing options for the processor in the paint shop itself are expanded.

Der Mischer greift auf den ersten Behälter für Basismaterial, auf zweite Behälter mit Lösungsmittel oder Wasser und die jeweiligen dritten Behälter für konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten (P) zu.The mixer accesses the first container for base material, the second container with solvent or water and the respective third container for concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments (P).

Der Mischer steht mit der Lackiervorrichtung in Verbindung oder der Mischer ist in der Lackiervorrichtung integriert.The mixer is connected to the painting device or the mixer is integrated in the painting device.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Lackierung von Kunststoffbauteilen mit einer modularen Lackiereinheit sieht vor, dass der verwendete Fertiglack aus einem Basismaterial, Lösungsmittel oder Wasser und konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten in situ in der Lackiereinheit gemischt wird.The inventive method for painting plastic components with a modular painting unit provides that the finished paint used is mixed from a base material, solvent or water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments in situ in the painting unit.

Der Fertiglack wird in einem Mischer im Modul für die Zubereitung der Lacke gemischt und als Fertiglack zur Lackiereinheit transportiert oder der Lack wird in einem Mischer in der Lackiervorrichtung gemischt.The finished paint is mixed in a mixer in the module for the preparation of the paints and transported to the painting unit as a finished paint or the paint is mixed in a mixer in the painting device.

Auch ohne vorgeschalteten Mischer ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Fertiglack im Sprühnebel der Lackiereinheit gemischt wird, indem die Komponenten gleichzeitig im richtigen Mischungsverhältnis zu mindestens einem Sprühkopf zugeführt werden. Dabei ist der Sprühnebel als Mischer zu betrachten.Even without an upstream mixer, it is advantageous if the finished paint is mixed in the spray mist of the painting unit, in that the components are simultaneously fed in the correct mixing ratio to at least one spray head. The spray mist is to be regarded as a mixer.

Das Verfahren hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass der Lack nicht vorgemischt wird, sondern die Komponenten nacheinander in der richtigen Auftragungszeit aufgebracht werden.The method has the further advantage that the lacquer is not premixed, but the components are applied one after the other in the correct application time.

Je nach Lackieranlagenkonzept kann auch ohne wirkliches Mischen der Auftrag der unterschiedlichen Komponenten erfolgen. Dabei findet eine Art Vorlackierung mit den ersten Robotern bzw. Lackierelementen von dem günstigen Basislack statt und die finale Farbton- Einstellung erfolgt am Ende durch das Aufbringen des Konzentrats.Depending on the paint shop concept, the different components can also be applied without actually mixing. A kind of pre-painting takes place with the first robots or painting elements of the cheap basecoat and the final color setting is done at the end by applying the concentrate.

Dunkle Farbtöne und mehrschichtige Lacke und Metallicapplikationen können so kostengünstiger hergestellt werden. Bei Metallic-Lacken kann z.B. eine Vorlackierung ohne die Aluminium- oder Metallflocken erfolgen und die kostenintensive Komponente der Metallic-Lacke wird nur noch als geringe, dünne Schicht auf dem Basislack aufgetragen.Dark colors and multi-layer paints and metallic applications can thus be produced more cost-effectively. In the case of metallic paints, e.g. a pre-painting can be done without the aluminum or metal flakes and the cost-intensive component of the metallic paint is only applied as a small, thin layer on the basecoat.

Bei den Lacken handelt es sich um rein durch Verdampfung aushärtende Lacke, also Einkomponentensysteme, keine Zweikomponentensysteme mit chemischer Reaktionshärtung.The paints are paints that cure purely by evaporation, i.e. one-component systems, not two-component systems with chemical reaction hardening.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Lackieranlage schematisch im Stand der Technik.
Fig. 2 und Fig. 3
zeigen jeweils eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Lackiereinheit
Fig. 4
zeigt einen schematischen Verfahrensablauf.
Fig. 5
zeigt die Verteilung der Farbpigmente in der Lackschicht exemplarisch.
The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1
shows a paint shop schematically in the prior art.
FIGS. 2 and 3
each show a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the painting unit
Fig. 4
shows a schematic process flow.
Fig. 5
shows the distribution of the color pigments in the paint layer as an example.

In Figur 1 ist eine konventionelle Lackieranlage dargestellt, wie sie um Beispiel für das Lackieren von Außenbauteilen im Automobilbau verwendet wird. Dabei ist es zunächst gleichgültig, ob Metallbauteile oder Bauteile aus Kunststoff lackiert werden. Die Lackieranlage hat dabei ein Lackiermodul und besteht hauptsächlich aus einer Lackiervorrichtung 11, die mit einem Roboter oder auch einer festangebrachten Einrichtung Lackiernebel 10 über ein Werkstück 4 versprühen kann. Die Lackiervorrichtung 11 ist dabei eine Sprühpistole an einem Roboterarm oder ein Sprühkopf einer Lackierbrücke. Natürlich ist ein Modul nur beispielhaft dargestellt. Es kann parallel oder nacheinander eine Vielzahl an Lackiermodulen eingesetzt sein.In Figure 1 a conventional paint shop is shown, as it is used for example for painting exterior components in automobile construction. It is initially irrelevant whether metal or plastic components are painted. The painting system has a painting module and consists mainly of a painting device 11, which can spray paint mist 10 over a workpiece 4 using a robot or a permanently attached device. The painting device 11 is a spray gun on a robot arm or a spray head of a painting bridge. Of course, a module is only shown as an example. A large number of painting modules can be used in parallel or one after the other.

Der Lack, den die Sprühpistole oder die Lackierbrücke versprüht, wird über einen Behälter für Lacke 5 bezogen. Diese Behälter beinhalten Fertiglacke, die beim Lackhersteller fertig gemischt geliefert werden.The paint sprayed by the spray gun or the paint bridge is obtained from a container for paints 5. These containers contain ready-mixed paints that are supplied ready-mixed by the paint manufacturer.

Die Lackiervorrichtung kann mit allen Behältern für den zu verwendeten Lack 5 verbunden werden. Werden also beispielweise Stoßfänger lackiert, werden die jeweiligen Farben aus den jeweiligen Behältern verwendet und nach jeweils einer Gruppe oder auch einzelnen Werkstücken getauscht.The painting device can be connected to all containers for the paint 5 to be used. If, for example, bumpers are painted, the respective colors from the respective containers are used and exchanged after each group or even individual workpieces.

Die Lacke sind dabei fertig gemischt vom Hersteller zur Verfügung gestellt. Dadurch entstehen große Volumen an bevorrateten Fertiglacken, da jeder Kunde ein eignes Rot, ein eigenes Schwarz etc fordert.The paints are ready mixed and provided by the manufacturer. This creates large volumes of stocked ready-to-use paints, as each customer demands their own red, their own black, etc.

In Figur 2 ist eine erste Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung zu sehen. Anstatt die Lacke als fertige Mischung zu verwenden, wird in einem Modul für die Zubereitung de Lacke 2 ein Mischer 8 eingesetzt. Dieser Mischer 8 ist mit einem Behälter 7 für ein Basismaterial B sowie mit einem Behälter 9 für Lösungsmittel oder Wasser verbunden und weist auch Verbindungen zu Behältern 6, 6', 6", 6"'... mit konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten auf.In Figure 2 a first variant of the solution according to the invention can be seen. Instead of using the paints as a finished mixture, a mixer 8 is used in a module for preparing the paints 2. This mixer 8 is connected to a container 7 for a base material B and to a container 9 for solvent or water and also has connections to containers 6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"' ... with concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments .

Ein Lack besteht aus flüchtigen Lösemitteln und nichtflüchtigen Bestandteilen. Das Lösemittel als der flüchtige Bestandteil verdampft während des Trocknungsprozesses, die nichtflüchtigen Bestandteile haften dabei als glatter Film auf dem lackierten Objekt. Die nicht flüchtigen Komponenten sind Bindemittel, Pigmente, Öle, Harze, Füllstoffe und Additive. Das Bindemittel sorgt für eine gute, gleichförmige Suspension mit Pigmenten und Lösemittel im Lack, ist für einen optimalen Trocknungsprozess und für den Glanz nach der Trocknung verantwortlich. Wesentliche Basis eines Lackes ist das Bindemittel und Lösemittel. Pigmente sind keine notwendigen Bestandteile eines Lackes.A paint consists of volatile solvents and non-volatile components. The solvent as the volatile component evaporates during the drying process, while the non-volatile components adhere to the painted object as a smooth film. The non-volatile components are binders, pigments, oils, resins, fillers and additives. The binder ensures a good, uniform suspension with pigments and solvents in the paint, is responsible for an optimal drying process and for the gloss after drying. The essential basis of a paint is the binder and solvent. Pigments are not a necessary component of a paint.

Für ein Fahrzeug wird um die 15 kg Farbe als Nassgewicht verwendet, was in circa 5 kg Trockengewicht resultiert. Man erkennt den hohen Anteil an Lösungsmittel in Fertiglacken. Durch die Trennung der Bestandteile in nichtflüchtige Bestandteile und Lösungsmittel/Wasser und konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten wird die Handhabung, der Transport, und die Mischmöglichkeiten der Lackieranlage optimiert.For a vehicle, around 15 kg of paint is used as the wet weight, which results in around 5 kg of dry weight. You can see the high proportion of solvents in finished paints. By separating the components into non-volatile components and solvents / water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments, the handling, transport and mixing options of the paint shop are optimized.

Das Basismaterial im ersten Behälter 7 besteht hauptsächlich aus den nichtflüchtigen Bestandteilen ohne konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten, wobei ein geringer Prozentsatz Lösungsmittel für die weitere Verarbeitung des Basismaterials sinnvoll ist.The base material in the first container 7 mainly consists of the non-volatile constituents without concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments, a small percentage of solvents being useful for further processing of the base material.

Im dritten Behälter 9 befindet sich das jeweilige Lösungsmittel, wir eine wasserbasierte Lackmischung verwendet, ist der Behälter 3 auch als Wasseranschluss zu betrachten. In diesem Fall ist die Handhabung des Basismaterials noch effizienter, da kein Lösungsmittel mehr transportiert werden muss.The respective solvent is located in the third container 9; if a water-based paint mixture is used, the container 3 is also closed as a water connection consider. In this case, the handling of the base material is even more efficient, since no more solvent has to be transported.

Die zweiten Behälter 6...enthalten Farben mit einer hohen Farbpigmentdichte oder auch Metallpartikeln, wie man sie für Metallic-Lackierungen benötigt. Im Mischer 8 werden die Komponenten, das Basismaterial, Lösungsmittel oder Wasser und die konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten vermischt, um das gewünschte Lack-Resultat als Fertiglack zu erhalten.The second container 6 ... contain colors with a high color pigment density or metal particles, as required for metallic paintwork. In the mixer 8, the components, the base material, solvent or water and the concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments are mixed in order to obtain the desired paint result as a finished paint.

Dabei ist ein Mischungsverhältnis von in etwa 80% Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel/Wasser mit 20% konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten von Vorteil. Natürlich möchte man möglich viel Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel, das kostengünstiger ist als die Farbpigmente, heranziehen. Es muss aber immer noch möglich sein, ausreichend Farb-und/oder Metallpartikel dazu zu mischen, um den geeigneten Farbeindruck für die gesamte Farbpalette, die angeboten werden soll, zu erzielen.A mixing ratio of around 80% base material + solvent / water with 20% concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments is advantageous. Of course you want to use as much base material + solvent as possible, which is cheaper than the color pigments. However, it must still be possible to mix sufficient color and / or metal particles to achieve the appropriate color impression for the entire color palette that is to be offered.

Optimal ist ein Bereich von 10-20% Basismaterial, 60-70% Lösungsmittel/Wasser, 10-30 % konzentrierten Farb- und/oder Metallpigmente.A range of 10-20% base material, 60-70% solvent / water, 10-30% concentrated color and / or metal pigments is optimal.

Der im Mischer 8 vorgemischte Fertiglack wird der Lackiervorrichtung 11 zugeführt und auf das Werkstück 4 aufgebracht.The finished paint premixed in the mixer 8 is fed to the painting device 11 and applied to the workpiece 4.

Alternativ zu einer solchen Anordnung ist es auch möglich, die Mischfunktion als Mischer 8 direkt in der Lackiervorrichtung 11, nahe oder direkt im Sprühkopf unterzubringen, was in Figur 3 dargestellt ist.As an alternative to such an arrangement, it is also possible to accommodate the mixing function as a mixer 8 directly in the painting device 11, near or directly in the spray head, which is shown in FIG Figure 3 is shown.

In einer Fortführung dieses Ansatzes werden die drei Komponenten ohne separaten Mischer direkt im Sprühnebel 10 gemischt, was durch geeignetes Design der Düsen möglich ist. Damit fungiert der Sprühnebel selbst als Mischer.In a continuation of this approach, the three components are mixed directly in the spray mist 10 without a separate mixer, which is possible through a suitable design of the nozzles. The spray itself thus functions as a mixer.

Die bisher beschriebenen Anlagen und Verfahren mischen Basismaterial+ Lösungsmittel/Wasser und konzentrierte Farbpigmenten und /oder Effektpigmenten nahezu homogen über die Dicke d der Lackschicht, wie in der gestrichelten Linie der Figur 5 dargestellt. Figur 5 zeigt die Verteilung V der Farbpigmente über der Dicke d der Lackschicht.The systems and processes described so far mix base material + solvent / water and concentrated color pigments and / or effect pigments almost homogeneously over the thickness d of the lacquer layer, as shown in the dashed line in FIG Figure 5 shown. Figure 5 shows the distribution V of the color pigments over the thickness d of the lacquer layer.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform verwendet keine gleichmäßige Mischung der drei Komponenten in der Lackschicht, sondern baut die Lackschicht aus einer Mischung Basismaterial+ Lösungsmittel/Wasser mit mindestens einer dünnen konzentrierten Farb- und/oder Metallpigmentschicht auf. Diese Farbschicht kann an der Oberfläche der Lackschicht liegen oder ist in den Schichten des Basismaterials + Lösungsmittel/Wasser integriert.Another embodiment does not use a uniform mixture of the three components in the lacquer layer, but instead builds up the lacquer layer from a mixture of base material + solvent / water with at least one thin, concentrated color and / or metal pigment layer. This paint layer can be on the surface of the paint layer or is integrated in the layers of the base material + solvent / water.

Dazu wird zuerst das Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel/Wasser aufgetragen und dann eine dünne Schicht der konzentrierten Farbe und gegebenenfalls nochmals eine Folge aus Basislack und Farbe aufgetragen.To do this, first the base material + solvent / water is applied and then a thin layer of the concentrated paint and, if necessary, a sequence of basecoat and paint is applied again.

In Figur 4 ist ein Verfahrensschema dargestellt. In einem ersten Schritt 41 wird eine Schicht aus Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel/Wasser für die Lackiervorrichtung zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Komponente aus konzentrierten Farb- und/oder Metallpigmentschicht wird in einem weiteren Schritt 42 zu dem Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel/Wasser zugemischt und im Schritt 43 wird die Mischung aufgebracht. Damit ist eine gleichmäßig farbige Beschichtung möglich.In Figure 4 a process scheme is shown. In a first step 41, a layer of base material + solvent / water is made available for the painting device. The component consisting of the concentrated color and / or metal pigment layer is added to the base material + solvent / water in a further step 42 and the mixture is applied in step 43. This enables a uniformly colored coating.

Alternativ dazu ist der erste Schritt das Aufbringen eine Schicht aus Basismaterial + Lösungsmittel/Wasser, anschließend das Aufbringen einer dünnen Schicht auskonzentrierten Farb- und/oder Metallpigmenten, was beliebig wiederholt werden kann.Alternatively, the first step is the application of a layer of base material + solvent / water, then the application of a thin layer of concentrated color and / or metal pigments, which can be repeated as desired.

Das Ergebnis ist entweder eine Fertiglack-Mischung, die homogen durch die gesamte Lackschicht aufrechterhalten wird, oder sich nur auf eine dünne Schicht S erstreckt.The result is either a finished paint mixture that is maintained homogeneously through the entire paint layer, or only extends over a thin layer S.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist eine Zumischung von Farbresten, bestehend aus Farbpigmenten zu einer aktuell gebrauchten Farbmischung im fertiglack möglich. Damit sind z.B. schwarze Farbpigmente des einen Kunden, zu den schwarzen Farbpigmenten eines anderen Kunden, geliefert von einem anderen Lackhersteller wenigstens teilweise zumischbar.With the method according to the invention, it is possible to add paint residues consisting of color pigments to a currently used color mixture in the finished paint. This means e.g. Black color pigments from one customer can be at least partially mixed with the black color pigments of another customer, supplied by another paint manufacturer.

Damit kann Material recycelt werden, das ansonsten entsorgt werden müsste.This allows material to be recycled that would otherwise have to be disposed of.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
Modulare LackiereinheitModular painting unit
22
Modul für die Zubereitung der LackeModule for the preparation of the paints
33
LackiermodulPainting module
44th
Werkstückworkpiece
55
Behälter LackeContainer of paints
66th
dritter Behälter Konzentratethird container of concentrates
77th
zweiter Behälter Basismaterialsecond container base material
88th
FarbmischerColor mixer
99
zweiter Behälter Lösungsmittelsecond container of solvent
1010
LackiernebelPaint mist
1111
LackiervorrichtungPainting device
41- 4341-43
VerfahrensschritteProcedural steps
dd
Dickethickness
VV
Verteilungdistribution
SS.
Schichtlayer
BB.
BasismaterialBase material
LL.
Lösungsmittel/WasserSolvent / water
PP
konzentrierten Farb- und/oder Metallpigmenteconcentrated color and / or metal pigments

Claims (9)

  1. Modular coating unit (1) with at least one module as coating module (3) for coating at least one workpiece (4) made from plastic, and with a mixer (8), there being at least one module (2) for the preparation of the single-component coatings for coating in the coating unit (1), which module (2) comprises a first container (7) for base material (B) consisting of non-volatile components, such as binders, pigments, oils, resins, fillers and additives, a second container (9) for solvent or water (L), and third containers (6, 6', 6", ...) for concentrated colour pigments and/or effect pigments (P), it being possible for the finished coating which is to be applied to be mixed in the modular coating unit (1), the mixer (8) either being connected to a coating apparatus (11) and coating being mixed in the mixer (8) in the module (2) for the preparation of the coatings and being transported as finished coating to the coating apparatus (11), or the mixer (8) being realised such that it is integrated into a coating apparatus (11) and the coating being mixed in the mixer (8) in the coating apparatus (11).
  2. Modular coating unit (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the finished coating to be applied is mixed in the mixer (8) from base material (B) with solvent or water (L) from a second container (9) and concentrated colour pigments and/or effect pigments (P) from third containers (6, 6', 6", ...).
  3. Modular coating unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base material B from the first container (8) and solvent or water (L) from the second container (9) are present in the applied final coating in a volumetric proportion of at least 80%.
  4. Modular coating unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that 10-20% base material, 60-70% solvent/water, and 10-30% concentrated colour and/or metallic pigments are present in the applied final coating.
  5. Modular coating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixer (8) accesses the first container for base material (7), the second containers with solvent or water, and the respective third containers (6) for concentrated colour pigments and/or effect pigments (P).
  6. Method for coating plastic components by way of a modular coating unit according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the finished coating which is used is mixed in situ in the coating unit from a base material, solvent or water and concentrated colour pigments and/or effect pigments (P).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the finished coating is mixed in the spray mist (10) of the coating apparatus (11), by the components being fed at the same time in the correct mixing ratio to at least one spray head.
  8. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that, in order to produce the finished coating, colour residues from individual third containers are mixed in in small proportions for recycling.
  9. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the finished coating is mixed by way of the coating apparatus (11), by the components being fed in a temporally staggered manner in the correct mixing ratio to at least one spray head.
EP16196954.8A 2015-11-10 2016-11-02 Modular coating unit and method for coating plastic components Active EP3167957B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5964418A (en) * 1997-12-13 1999-10-12 Usbi Co. Spray nozzle for applying metal-filled solventless resin coating and method
CA2374448A1 (en) * 1999-01-26 2000-08-03 Dbs Beschichtung Und Systeme-Technik Gmbh Method for coating the inside of pipes and coating system
US7250464B2 (en) * 2000-02-18 2007-07-31 Rohm And Haas Company Distributed paint manufacturing system
US6573325B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2003-06-03 David York Aqueous surface treatment compositions
US20090104357A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2009-04-23 Dattilo Vincent P Mutli-layer composite coloring coating process
DE102008053178A1 (en) 2008-10-24 2010-05-12 Dürr Systems GmbH Coating device and associated coating method
DE102009031180A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Workpiece i.e. vehicle body, coating device, has mixing device or additional mixing device connected with dosing pump for color and/or effect material by line for mixing color and/or effect material with basic clear coating material
DE102010019612A1 (en) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Dürr Systems GmbH Coating device, in particular with an application device, and associated coating method that emits a droplets of coating agent droplet

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