EP3167541A1 - Prüfschaltung für einen modularen multizellen umrichter - Google Patents
Prüfschaltung für einen modularen multizellen umrichterInfo
- Publication number
- EP3167541A1 EP3167541A1 EP14758948.5A EP14758948A EP3167541A1 EP 3167541 A1 EP3167541 A1 EP 3167541A1 EP 14758948 A EP14758948 A EP 14758948A EP 3167541 A1 EP3167541 A1 EP 3167541A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- test circuit
- converter
- power converter
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
- G01R31/42—AC power supplies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a test circuit for a voltage-controlled converter module in power converters for high ⁇ voltage DC transmission, comprising a first power converter with an AC power connection and a ers ⁇ th and a second DC power connection, the alternating current ⁇ connection in the first power converter with the first
- DC terminal is connected via a first series of voltage-guided power converter modules, wherein the AC terminal is connected in the first power converter to the second DC terminal via a second series of voltage-controlled converter modules, further comprising a second power converter with an AC terminal and a first and a second DC terminal the respective first DC terminals are connected to each other and the respective second DC terminals are connected to each other.
- High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is used, in particular, for direct energy transmission over long distances - generally distances of around 750 km.
- HVDC high-voltage direct current
- complex converters since electrical energy in power plants is almost always generated by synchronous generators as three-phase alternating current of the frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
- the HVDC leads from certain distances to despite the technical complexity and the additional converter losses in the sum clotting ⁇ Geren transmission losses than the transmission with three-phase alternating current.
- VSC Voltage Source Converter
- VSC modules instead of the usual line-commutated converters (LCC) offers many advantages, see, for. BG Gemmell, J. Dorn, D Retzmann, D. Soerangr, "Prospects of multilevel VSC Technolo gies ⁇ for Power Transmission", IEEE Transmission and dis- tribution Conference and Exposition, Chicago, US April of 2008.
- such a power converter usually has an AC terminal and a first and a second DC terminal, wherein within the power converter of the AC terminal is connected to each of the DC terminals via a series of such voltage-controlled converter modules.
- VSC Voltage sourced converter
- HVDC direct current
- IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
- Such a test circuit therefore has two DC converters connected to one another, which are essentially connected in the same way as in a "real" HVDC system, ie, connected to a corresponding alternating current network on the AC side are.
- Two three-phase transformers on each power converter carry the load flow with them.
- the invention is based on the consideration that independence from the mains frequency could be achieved, in particular, by decoupling the test circuit for the voltage-controlled converter modules in the back-to-back arrangement from the AC network, ie the three-phase transformers.
- the property of self-commutating power converters can be exploited not to be dependent on an alternating current source for start-up and operation.
- a decoupling of the AC network can be achieved by the AC terminals of the power converters are connected to each other via an inductor instead of transformers to the external power grid.
- the voltage-controlled converter module to be tested here is advantageously part of one of the series of voltage-guided converter modules. That is, the device under test can be contained in each of the power converters of the test circuit in one of the rows and is thus tested under real-world conditions at the actual site of use.
- the second power converter is advantageously identical to the first power converter. This results in a symmetrical, simple design of the test circuit.
- the first and / or the second DC connection are connected to a DC power source. This serves to cover the unavoidable ⁇ Lich resulting ohmic losses of the test circuit during test. In contrast to conventional back-to-back test circuits, the losses are thus not balanced on the AC side via the connection of the converter to the external network (via a transformer), but on the DC side.
- connection of two DC connections of the power converter ie a connection of a DC connection to the first converter with a DC connection to the second converter, an inductor and / or a resistor.
- Inductance and resistance serve the ex ⁇ formation of the characteristics of a comparable in the real application of the same as long DC line, which is not present in the back-to-back system, but must be shown to be equivalent to achieve realistic test conditions.
- a voltage-controlled converter module comprises in a first advantageous embodiment, a capacitor and two transistors each having a freewheeling diode in a half ⁇ bridge.
- the voltage-commutated converter module includes a ring are arranged in the two in sliding ⁇ cher direction of serially connected transistors and the capacitor.
- the external terminals are arranged between the two transistors and in the forward direction behind the second transistor.
- a Voltage-controlled power converter module comprises a capacitor and four transistors, each having a freewheeling diode in a full bridge, that in each case two series-connected in the same direction transistors, between which one of the external terminals are arranged in the same direction MITEI ⁇ Nander and Capacitor connected in parallel.
- an insulated gate bipolar transistor is used as the respective transistor. This is especially true for each of the transistors. These are particularly suitable for the high-performance application envisaged here since they have a high reverse blocking voltage
- each voltage-controlled current ⁇ judge module is preferably designed for a rated voltage of more than 800 V and / or a rated current of more than 500 A. As a result, an excessively large number of modules is avoided, since the necessary capacity for the current test is thus sufficient.
- the test circuit comprises more than five, preferably more than ten voltage-controlled current ⁇ judge modules.
- a high number can be finer discrete Voltage jumps when generating a voltage / current curve for the function of the power converter can be achieved.
- a test circuit is produced by the connection of the converter rotary / AC terminals via an inductance, in particular in connection with a power supply via the DC terminals of the power converter, in which the voltage-controlled converter modules to be tested with arbitrary Frequencies, voltages and currents can be charged.
- test circuit also eliminates the need to use a three-phase arrangement as in conventional back-to-back circuits, but can also reduce a single-phase arrangement.
- the arrangement is similar to an H circuit, which includes only switching elements per branch.
- ar ⁇ up The test specimens voltage sources respectively as separate power / chip, which are fed from the module capacitors, and which are freely adjustable in their amplitudes, frequencies and phase angles. Thanks to clever control, test values (currents, voltages and frequencies) can be set very variably.
- the test circuit can thus also be used to test VSC modules used in static reactive power compensators. Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:
- 1 shows a circuit diagram of a back-to-back test circuit according to the prior art
- 2 shows a circuit diagram of a full-bridge VSC module
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a half-bridge VSC module
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a test circuit for a VSC module with only one phase
- FIG 6 shows a graph of the voltage and current waveforms in the test circuit according to FIG 4,
- FIG. 7 is a graph of the voltage and current waveforms in the test circuit according to FIG. 5
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a known from the prior art in the manner of a back-to-back system constructed test circuit 1 for a VSC module.
- the test circuit 1 (voltage-controlled converter module).
- the test circuit 1 consists of five essential components, which are outlined in dashed lines in FIG 1; These are in Figure 1 from left to right a first AC power source 4, a first three-phase power converter 6, a DC power line 8, a second three-phase power converter 10 and a second AC power source 12.
- the test circuit 1 is based on the
- DC line 8 symmetrically constructed, ie, the AC sources 4, 12 and three-phase converters 6, 10 are constructed identically, so that in the following only one descrip- ⁇ tion of each of the first AC power source 4 and the first three-phase power converter 6 takes place.
- the AC power source 4 may be formed as a conventional 20 kV AC power network. It is shown in the circuit diagram as three voltage sources 14 in each case 120 degrees out of phase represents parallel current paths that generate the voltages u ai , u b i and u c i against a ground 16. The voltages in the second AC power source 12 are with u a 2, u b 2 and u C 2 be ⁇ draws. In each of the three parallel current paths, the voltage sources 14 are followed by an inductance L cl (or L c2 in the second alternating current source 12) shown as a coil 18 in the circuit diagram.
- L cl or L c2 in the second alternating current source 12
- the power converter 6 has three AC terminals 20, which are each connected to one of the three current paths of the AC ⁇ source 4. Furthermore, the converter 6 has two DC terminals 22, between which the clamping voltage U DC ⁇ i abuts (is located at the converter 10 between the
- a DC connection 22 of the first power converter 6 is provided with a
- the respective other DC terminals 22 of both power converters 6, 10 are connected via the DC line 8, which has an inductance L L shown as a coil 24 and egg ⁇ NEN shown as resistor 26 ohmic resistance R L.
- Inductance L L and ohmic resistance R L simulie ⁇ ren the properties which may be many hundreds of kilometers long an HVDC line.
- each of the alternating ⁇ current terminals 20 is connected to each of the DC terminals 22 via a Konverterarm 28, ie there are in each converter 6, 20 six identically constructed converter arms 28, of which for reasons of clarity in FIG 1 only a single marked by a dashed frame, provided with reference numerals and will be explained below.
- Each converter arm 28 has on the AC side an inductance L z shown as a coil 30. This is with the
- VSC modules 2 DC side of the converter arm 28 connected via a series 32 of series-connected VSC modules 2.
- the number of VSC modules 2 is not fixed, different embodiments may provide different (fixed) numbers of VSC modules 2. But at least five, better more than ten VSC modules 2 should be provided. For each VSC module 2 different embodiments are conceivable, which are explained below with reference to FIG 2 and FIG.
- the VSC module 2 shows the circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the VSC modules 2 in a full bridge circuit.
- the VSC module 2 has two external terminals 34, designated A and B, and includes in the exemplary embodiment four normal conducting bipolar ⁇ transistors with insulated gate (English: insular ted-gate bipolar transistor, short-IGBT) 36, designated IGBT1 , IGBT2, IGBT3 and IGBT4, which in each case a freewheel ⁇ diode 38 is connected in parallel to protect against overvoltage during shutdown. In principle, however, other types of transistors can be used.
- the IGBTs 36 are connected to a capacitor 40 strigoset with the capacitance C as a central element in the manner of a full bridge ie, each two serially felal ⁇ preparing IGBTs 36 in the same direction (namely, IGBT1 and IGBT2, and IGBT3 and
- IGBT4 between which one of the external terminals 34 is arranged, are connected in parallel with each other and with the capacitor 40 in the same direction.
- the IGBTs 36 represent switches which can be individually controlled / switched by means of an electronic control unit (not shown). As a result, the voltage U c applied to the capacitor 40 can be switched in any direction to the external connections 34 between A and B. Accordingly, between the terminals 34 A and B, the switch IGBT1... IGBT4 is either + U C , -U c or 0 V depending on the switching state. Each current direction is mög ⁇ Lich.
- Condition 0 means a high impedance state of each ⁇ bib IGBTs 36
- condition 1 is a low-impedance state of the respective IGBTs 36.
- In the first row are shown two alterna- tive state possibilities for the bypass state.
- the bypass state bridges the capacitor 40 so that the voltage between the external terminals 34A-B is 0V.
- the switching states designated in the following lines bring the voltage of the capacitor 40 in different directions to the external terminals 34 A-B.
- FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the VSC modules 2 in a half-bridge circuit, which has a simpler structure, but is limited in terms of its switching capabilities.
- the embodiment of the VSC modules 2 of FIG. 3 will be explained with reference to the differences from FIG. 2: In essence, the current path with the IGBTs 36 designated IGBT3 and IGBT4 in FIG.
- the VSC module 2 according to FIG. 2 thus has only two IGBTs 36.
- the external terminal 34 B previously arranged in this current path is now arranged between the IGBT 36 designated IGBT 2 and the capacitor 40.
- a series 32 of n VSC modules 2 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 is therefore capable of any desired voltage gradients with the steps -nU c , - (nl) U c , if the control is appropriately controlled by the control electronics. 0V, ... + (nl) U c , -nU c .
- testing of the VSC modules 2 is possible only at the predetermined mains frequency of the alternating current sources 4, 12.
- this disadvantage is eliminated.
- test circuit 100 shown in FIG 4 will be described based on their differences Un ⁇ for test circuit 1 of FIG 1, since the three-phase power converter 6, 10 to the DC power line 8 which is duplicated. In this case, only in the converter arms 28 for reasons of clarity, the row 32 of VSC modules 2 is replaced by the switching symbol of a controllable voltage source 102. Due to the large number of VSC modules 2 per row 32, a high resolution is achieved in the voltage discretization described above, so that the replacement is justified.
- the VSC modules 2 themselves are configured either according to FIG. 2 or according to FIG.
- u xy , z The voltages generated in each case by the rows 32 of VSC modules 2, which are shown as controllable voltage source 102, arranged in each of the converter arms 28 are denoted by u xy , z .
- x a, b, c stands for one of the three phases of the alternating voltage
- y 1, 2 for the first three-phase power converter 6 or the second three-phase power converter 10
- z p, n for the positive or the negative
- Test circuit 100 no AC power sources 4, 12 are arranged. Instead, the alternating current connections 20 of the respective phases of the three-phase current converters 6, 10 are connected to each other via an inductance L c represented as a coil 104 in the circuit diagram, ie there are three such inductances L c , one for each of the three phases.
- the current through each of the three connection lines between the AC terminals 20 is denoted by i x
- the voltage at the respective AC terminal 20 is denoted by u xy
- x a, b, c for one of the three phases of the ac voltage
- y 1, 2 for the first three-phase converter 6 or the second three-phase converter 10 is.
- 106 is pre see ⁇ a high voltage direct current source which is connected to the dc terminals 22 of the first three-phase power converter 6 and the losses occurring during operation of the test circuit 100 compensates.
- the high-voltage direct current source 106 generates the voltage U DC with the current i ' DC flowing through it.
- the high-voltage direct current source 106 in this case comprises two series-connected direct voltage sources 108 each having the voltage U DC / 2 whose connection is grounded to one another.
- the design of the high-voltage DC source 106 shown here is (and also in the 4 th dargestell ⁇ in FIG test circuit 200) not necessarily of distress and may be configured differently in other embodiments. However, if the ground is placed in the middle of the DC voltage (as shown), the voltages are balanced symmetrically to positive and negative potential, thus reducing the isolation effort compared to earthing at the negative potential (or any other location).
- the test circuit 100 differs essentially in two points from the back-to-back system shown in Figure 1:
- the first point is the coupling of the respective AC terminals 22 of the three-phase power converters 6, 10 via a Inductance L c .
- the second point is the high voltage DC power source 106, the strigschal ⁇ tung 100 supplies the DC side and the resistive losses thus compensated.
- the advantage of the coupling of the respective Kirstromanschlüs ⁇ se 22 is that the test circuit 100 is completely independent of an external power supply frequency. Moreover, no high-voltage power connection is needed so that no interference and harmonic distortion occur.
- Rows 32 arranged VSC module 2 can in this case be the test ⁇ de DUT.
- the structure of the test circuit 100 shown in FIG. 4 is still relatively complicated. To achieve a simplification, the fact of the omission of the three-phase grid connection can be used to design the test circuit 100 and the converters contained therein for a single phase only. As a result, four of the six converter arms 28 can be omitted.
- Such a test circuit 200 is shown in FIG.
- the test circuit shown in FIG. 5 has single-phase
- Power converters 206, 210 which differ from the power converters 6, 10 shown in FIG. 4 in that they are designed for only one phase, ie. H. only two converter arms 28 include (but which are the same as the converter arms 28 of the power converters 6, 10 are constructed) and consequently only a single AC terminal 20 but still two
- test circuit 200 shown in FIG. 5 is reduced by approximately one-third compared to the test circuit 100 of FIG. 4 and nevertheless has the same advantages as the independence of the power grid and its frequency.
- both the inductance L c and the line replica L L and R L can be omitted, ie set to zero, this being achieved by appropriate adaptation of the inductances L z is compensated in the respective branches.
- the function of the test circuits 100, 200 described in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 will be explained in the following: Essentially, the three-phase power converters 6, 10 or single-phase power converters 206, 210, as in the back-to-back system shown in FIG. System operated, ie one of the power converters 6, 10, 206, 210 operates in a known manner in rectifier operation and the other in the inverter mode.
- the three-phase power converters 6, 10 at their AC terminals 20 by means of appropriate control of the VSC modules 2 by a corresponding, unspecified control system three-phase AC voltage available.
- the power is transferred from the rectifier to the inverter and the AC connection closes the circuit.
- the high voltage DC power source 106 compensates the losses in the test ⁇ circuit 100 due to parasitic resistances.
- FIG. 6 shows simulation results of the test circuit 100 according to FIG. 4. It shows the voltages u ai , u b1 , u c i, u a2 and U DC i shown in FIG. 4, as well as the currents i a , i ' D c, IDC, i a i, P and i A2 , P. Natural units were used, the alternating voltages have an amplitude of 1. 6 shows that the voltages (u ai , u b i, u c i) and the
- test circuit 200 shown in FIG. 5 which is based on a single phase: DC line 8 and the VSC modules 2 are pre-charged by the high-voltage DC power source 106. Then set the single-phase converters 206, 210 at their AC terminals 20 by means of appropriate control of VSC modules 2 by a corresponding, unspecified Darge ⁇ provides control system single-phase AC voltage available. Each power converter 206, 210 has only two converter arms 28. As in FIG 4 also works here
- Converter 206, 210 in rectifier mode, the other in inverter mode, with corresponding power flow.
- FIG. 6 shows simulation results of the test circuit 200 according to FIG. 5. It shows the voltages u ai and u a 2 shown in FIG. 5 as well as the currents i'oc / ia2, p / iai, p and 12. Natural units were again used AC voltages have an amplitude of 1.
- the alternating voltages shown in FIG. 6 are symmetrical with respect to the ground level.
- Converter arms 28 have a DC offset, which in sum for the current i ' DC by the high voltage DC power source 106 is zero, since ide ⁇ ale conditions were provided without ohmic losses in the simulation
- test circuits 100, 200 corresponds to the function of a back-to-back system as shown in FIG. 1 and therefore permits the operation and type tests according to the aforementioned standard IEC 62501.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/068818 WO2016034232A1 (de) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Prüfschaltung für einen modularen multizellen umrichter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3167541A1 true EP3167541A1 (de) | 2017-05-17 |
Family
ID=51485629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP14758948.5A Ceased EP3167541A1 (de) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Prüfschaltung für einen modularen multizellen umrichter |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3167541A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016034232A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016106359A1 (de) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Modul für einen Multilevelkonverter |
CN114076863A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-22 | 华中科技大学 | 一种维也纳整流器半桥模块的下换流回路动态测试装置 |
CN113917227A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-11 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | 一种直流变压器功率模块能量循环检测***及方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101419993B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-16 | 2014-07-15 | 에이비비 테크놀로지 아게 | 스위칭 셀을 테스팅하기 위한 장치 |
CN102323546B (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-05-07 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 柔性直流输电mmc阀稳态运行试验的背靠背试验方法 |
CN202275142U (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-06-13 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 柔性直流输电mmc阀稳态运行试验的背靠背试验装置 |
-
2014
- 2014-09-04 WO PCT/EP2014/068818 patent/WO2016034232A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-09-04 EP EP14758948.5A patent/EP3167541A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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See also references of WO2016034232A1 * |
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WO2016034232A1 (de) | 2016-03-10 |
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