EP3164227B1 - Painting method and painting facility for producing a decorative coating - Google Patents

Painting method and painting facility for producing a decorative coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3164227B1
EP3164227B1 EP15735854.0A EP15735854A EP3164227B1 EP 3164227 B1 EP3164227 B1 EP 3164227B1 EP 15735854 A EP15735854 A EP 15735854A EP 3164227 B1 EP3164227 B1 EP 3164227B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
component
painting
area
drying unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15735854.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3164227A2 (en
Inventor
Hans-Georg Fritz
Benjamin WÖHR
Marcus Kleiner
Timo Beyl
Moritz BUBEK
Jens Eichhorn
Udo Wolf
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Duerr Systems AG
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Duerr Systems AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3164227A2 publication Critical patent/EP3164227A2/en
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Publication of EP3164227B1 publication Critical patent/EP3164227B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
    • B05D7/534—Base coat plus clear coat type the first layer being let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
    • B05D7/574—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat at least some layers being let to dry at least partially before applying the next layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a painting method and a painting system for painting a component with a decor, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component.
  • Another possibility for realizing such a decorative coating is that after the application and baking of the clear lacquer, the desired decor is designed by masking, the free area then being painted automatically or by hand. After this application of the decor, a further clear lacquer layer can then be applied to the decor.
  • the motor vehicle body can be made one after the other run twice through the same paint line or run through two separate lines in succession, applying basecoat and clearcoat. In this case, the partial areas of the motor vehicle body that are not to be painted are masked off.
  • the basecoat and clearcoat layer serving as the background for the decor could be dried and baked in, with the intermediate drying and baking extending over the entire component surface, which would be associated with a correspondingly large expenditure of energy and time.
  • the volatile constituents in the decorative, pattern or contrast layer must be reduced again to such an extent that there are no faults in the clear lacquer layer. According to the state of the art, this means that the entire component has to be run through a dryer again, followed by cooling. This process requires a lot of energy. According to the state of the art, this would be overspray-free Painting processes only allow savings due to the omission of the masking materials.
  • a painting system for painting motor vehicle bodies in which an infrared radiator is arranged to the side of the painting line and dries the sill area of the motor vehicle bodies in order to subsequently be able to apply a decor to the sill.
  • this known painting system is only suitable for decorative painting in the sill area.
  • DE 103 12 381 A1 discloses a drying unit that moves the drying area over the component.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a correspondingly improved painting process and an improved one To create painting system for painting a component with a decor.
  • This object is achieved by a painting method according to the invention or by a painting system according to the invention.
  • the painting method according to the invention initially provides that at least one layer of paint is applied to the component, which can then serve as the basis for the decor.
  • this lacquer layer is a base lacquer layer, which is known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in more detail.
  • the lacquer layer mentioned in the context of the invention is generally not the lowest lacquer layer that is applied to the component.
  • there are preferably further layers of lacquer under this lacquer layer such as, for example, a cathodic dip coating (KTL) or a filler layer.
  • KTL cathodic dip coating
  • the invention with regard to the lacquer layer is not limited to a wet lacquer. Rather, the lacquer layer can also consist of powder lacquer in the context of the invention.
  • the painting method according to the invention provides that a decor with limited surface area (for example decorative strips, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is applied to the component.
  • the decor is applied to the lacquer layer.
  • the decor is applied directly to the lacquer layer, ie without one in between another layer.
  • Another possibility, on the other hand, provides for the decor to be applied indirectly to the lacquer layer, ie with an additional layer in between.
  • the decoration is applied using a suitable method which is capable of applying a coating agent with a sharp edge and without overspray, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. in the above-mentioned patent application DE 10 2013 002 412.9 is described.
  • the applicator used according to the invention for the application of lacquer could be devices known per se, including atomizers, print heads, nozzle arrangements or the like. In particular, however, it can be a device that is suitable for the above-mentioned painting process, which applies paint or other coating agents with sharp edges and without overspray without any additional aids.
  • decor used in the context of the invention is not limited to the aforementioned decorative, design or decorative strips. Rather, the term decor in the context of the invention also includes graphics, images and the like. Another example of a decor is the painting of a partial surface (for example a roof spar or a roof surface of a motor vehicle body) which is to be painted in a different color than the other motor vehicle body. In general, the term decor includes in the frame According to the invention, any partial surfaces of a component surface which are to be coated with a different coating agent (for example in a different color or in a different degree of gloss) than the rest of the component surface.
  • a different coating agent for example in a different color or in a different degree of gloss
  • cor used in the context of the invention means that the decor only covers a partial area of the component surface, ie not the entire component surface. Furthermore, the term “decor” preferably implies that the decor is not flat throughout, but only covers the component surface in the respective decor details (eg lines).
  • the painting method according to the invention provides that the component is dried in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents in the paint layer or in the decor and to bring it under the residual moisture required for the further painting process.
  • the residual moisture in aqueous coating systems in customary painting processes after intermediate drying is between 5 - 20%, essentially between 8 - 15%.
  • the residual moisture in coating systems based on organic solvents can differ significantly from this, but it plays a rather minor role, since the evaporation is so fast due to the organic solvents that there are no process problems (e.g. stoves or pinholes or matting) due to solvent remaining in the film occur.
  • the painting method according to the invention further provides that the component is only dried in terms of area within a certain drying area that does not cover the entire component surface, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area.
  • the drying step provided according to the invention therefore has one Significantly less time and energy consumption, since not the entire component surface is dried, but only the drying area with limited area.
  • the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface.
  • a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.
  • the painting process according to the invention is not limited to a specific type of paint (for example aqueous, solvent-based, UV-drying).
  • the lacquer layer is dried on its entire component surface before the decoration is applied. Then the limited-area decor is then applied to the dried lacquer layer. Finally, the decor is then dried, with this drying of the decor taking place within the drying area with a limited area and not encompassing the entire component surface. In this variant of the invention, the saving of time and energy occurs when drying the decor with limited area.
  • different types of drying are to be distinguished, namely on the one hand the drying of the component in terms of area over its entire component surface, which is known from the prior art, and on the one hand the drying of the component within the drying area which is limited in area and is provided according to the invention.
  • the residual moisture level achieved in the area-limited drying is essentially equal to the level of residual moisture achieved in the area-unlimited, conventional drying.
  • drying can be carried out by irradiating the component to be dried with radiation.
  • the radiation can be, for example, electromagnetic radiation, for example microwave radiation, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation, or else bombardment with electrons.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can be generated, for example, by light-emitting diodes (LEDs: light-emitting diodes), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs: organic light-emitting diodes), halogen incandescent lamps or carbon infrared emitters.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can be short-wave with a wavelength in the range of 0.8 ⁇ m-1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation can also be medium-wave with a wavelength in the range of 1.2 ⁇ m -4 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation is long-wave with a wavelength in the range of 4 ⁇ m -10 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation is microwave radiation, which may have a wavelength of the order of a few cm (1-100 cm), for example. It is also possible to dry with UV radiation if the varnishes are suitable.
  • the radiation source itself can also be sharply delimited and / or directed (for example of the type of a laser) in order to irradiate and dry at least a part of the area to be dried.
  • the component can be dried by air drying, for example with cold air (air temperature from 0 ° C to + 40 ° C), warm air (air temperature from + 40 ° C to + 300 ° C) and / or with dry air a relative humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%.
  • cold air air temperature from 0 ° C to + 40 ° C
  • warm air air temperature from + 40 ° C to + 300 ° C
  • dry air a relative humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%.
  • the vacuum drying mentioned above can be carried out, for example, by means of a suction cup which is guided over the component part surface to be dried and which generates a locally limited vacuum.
  • the drying area which is limited in terms of area can be masked by a screen, so that the radiation or an air stream essentially only impinges on the drying area.
  • an air flow can be directed through a diffuser onto the component surface to be dried, so that the air flow impinges diffusely on the component surface to be dried.
  • the diffuser can have a wire mesh, porous sintered metal or porous sintered ceramic, or consist of porous sintered plastic.
  • Radiation drying can advantageously be combined with air drying (cold, warm, dry) and / or vacuum drying.
  • the air flow for drying the component can be directed through at least one nozzle onto the component surface to be dried.
  • a plurality of nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and preferably at right angles to the component surface to be dried.
  • the nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and obliquely to the component surface to be dried.
  • the nozzles on the peripheral edge of the drying area are oriented obliquely inwards and in the middle of the drying area essentially at right angles to the component surface to be dried.
  • the combination of inclined and right-angled nozzles is not limited to the described embodiment. Rather, a large number of variants are possible in which both types of nozzles are arranged on the drying unit in the most varied of ways.
  • the nozzle outlet can be round, oval or slit-shaped.
  • the nozzles can also be diffuse, i. H. be arranged at many different angles and are not subject to symmetry.
  • the component is dried by means of a drying unit which, for example, can emit air or radiation in order to dry the component.
  • a drying unit which, for example, can emit air or radiation in order to dry the component. It is advantageous here if the drying unit has a shape that is adapted to the shape of the component to be dried. For example, the drying unit can therefore have a flat, convex or concave shape.
  • the drying unit is moved together with the applicator along a painting path over the component, in particular by a multi-axis painting robot.
  • a multi-axis painting robot There is the possibility that both the drying unit dries the component and the applicator applies the decor on a common painting line.
  • drying unit is arranged in front of the applicator in the direction of the web, so that the lacquer layer first dries from the drying unit , whereupon the subsequent applicator then applies the decor to the intermediate dried lacquer layer.
  • drying unit it is alternatively also possible for the drying unit to be arranged behind the applicator in the web direction, so that when the applicator moves, the decor is applied first and then the subsequent drying unit dries the previously applied decor with limited area.
  • the decoration is dried and applied on separate movement paths one after the other.
  • a movement path of the drying unit can take place first, the drying unit then drying the lacquer layer with limited surface area.
  • a second movement path then follows, in which the applicator applies the decor.
  • the decor is first applied to the first movement path and then the drying unit dries the decor in the following second movement path.
  • a basecoat is first applied to the component.
  • the basecoat is then dried on the entire component surface, for example by air drying at an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the decor is then applied to the intermediately dried basecoat layer.
  • the decoration is then dried in terms of area within the drying area, the drying area at least partially enclosing the decor area.
  • a clear coat is then applied to the basecoat and the decor.
  • the invention also claims protection for a painting installation according to the invention for applying a decorative paint.
  • the painting installation according to the invention has an application device for applying a layer of paint.
  • This application device can be, for example, a conventional painting robot with a rotary atomizer.
  • the painting installation according to the invention has an application device in order to apply the decor, which is limited in area, to the component.
  • This application device can be, for example, a conventional rotary atomizer, but in particular an applicator such as that shown in, for example, FIG DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 and DE 10 2013 002 411.0 is described, so that the content of these patent applications is fully attributable to the present description.
  • the invention also comprises a drying unit for drying the component in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents.
  • the painting system according to the invention is now characterized in that the drying device is designed and operated in such a way that the component has only a limited area within a certain drying area is dried, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area.
  • the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface.
  • a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.
  • drying unit and the application device for applying the decoration are guided together by a multi-axis robot.
  • drying unit on the one hand and the application device for applying the lacquer layer or the application device for applying the decoration on the other hand are guided by separate robots.
  • the Figure 1 shows a painting process for decorative painting in the form of a flow chart.
  • a basecoat layer is applied to the component surface of the component to be painted (e.g. motor vehicle body component).
  • the basecoat layer can be single-layer or consist of two basecoat layers (BC1 + BC2). It should also be mentioned that the basecoat layer can optionally consist of wet paint or powder paint.
  • the basecoat film is preferably applied in a conventional manner using a rotary atomizer or an air atomizer which is guided by a multi-axis painting robot.
  • step ZTR intermediate drying
  • the entire component surface is then intermediate dried.
  • this intermediate drying can be carried out by air drying, for example with an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the entire component surface is dried as part of the intermediate drying, for which purpose the component to be dried can be introduced, for example, into a drying chamber, which is known per se from the prior art.
  • a decoration (such as trim, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is then applied to the component, wherein the decoration is geographically limited to a certain decorative sector and does not extend over the entire component surface: in a step DC (D EcoR C oat DC).
  • PTR P artielles Tr ocknen
  • This area-limited drying can be carried out, for example, by air drying or by irradiation of the component surface, which is known per se from the prior art and is also described in detail later.
  • a clear coat layer is then applied: in a step CC (C lear C oat CC).
  • the clear lacquer layer can have one or more layers.
  • the clearcoat can be a one-component clearcoat or a two-component clearcoat.
  • the component in the field of automotive serial painting, is dried or baked, at least after the last painting step, by a suitable device. If the application of a clear coat is described as the last step, this also includes the drying of this last clear coat, unless air-drying paints (e.g. two-component paints) are used.
  • air-drying paints e.g. two-component paints
  • FIGS. 2A-2E show various embodiments of a drying unit 1 for drying a coating on a component 2, wherein the drying unit 1 can, for example, emit an air flow onto the component surface of the component 2.
  • the individual figures differ here in the shape of the component and the appropriately adapted shape of the drying unit.
  • the drying unit 1 on the one hand and the component 2 on the other hand therefore have complementarily adapted shapes.
  • the component 2 is concave, on the other hand, so that the drying unit 1 is suitably adapted convex.
  • the component 2 has a component edge protruding upwards in the drawing, so that the drying unit 1 is adapted accordingly.
  • drying unit 1 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 2E a protruding edge that is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a component 2 with a basecoat layer 3 and a decor 4 applied to the basecoat layer 3 within a decor area. Furthermore, the drawing schematically shows a drying area 5, the basecoat layer 3 being dried within the drying area 5 with limited surface area.
  • drying area 5 is larger than the decor area of the decor 4 and completely includes the decor area.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a drying unit 1 according to the invention, which dries the decor 4 by irradiation, for example by means of infrared radiation.
  • an aperture 6 is also shown, which masks the component surface and only allows the radiation used for drying purposes to pass in the area of the decor 4, so that the drying unit 1 dries the component surface with limited area within the decorative area.
  • Figure 5 shows a further modification with an indication of a distance a between the drying unit 1 and the component surface. This is intended to clarify that the distance a is of essential importance for correct drying.
  • the Figures 6A to 6E show different types of drying units 1.
  • the drying unit 1 emits only electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation) for drying the component surface.
  • electromagnetic radiation eg infrared radiation
  • the drying unit 1 emits only an air stream for air drying the component surface.
  • the embodiment according to Figure 6C combines drying by an air flow and by electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation).
  • electromagnetic radiation eg infrared radiation
  • the drying unit 1 additionally has a vacuum bell 7 which is guided over the component surface in order to dry the component surface by means of vacuum.
  • the drying unit 1 also emits electromagnetic radiation (for example infrared radiation) onto the component surface. This embodiment thus combines vacuum drying with radiation drying.
  • FIG 7 shows a schematic plan view of a drying unit 1 according to the invention for the area-limited drying of a component 2, the drying unit 1 being transported in the direction of the arrow (in other cases, the component 2 could also be transported).
  • the drying unit 1 is located above the component 2 to be dried, so that a dried area 8 of limited width is dried behind the drying unit 1.
  • the Figures 8A-8E show different profiles of a residual moisture level F in the basecoat layer 3 along the width b in FIG. 13.
  • the value F1 denotes the degree of residual moisture which is achieved in the drying according to the invention, which has a limited area.
  • Figure 8A shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 is significantly greater in the area-limited drying than the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying.
  • the residual moisture level F1 is usually too large for a perfect application of a clear coat, but the residual moisture level F1 is sufficiently lower for the application of the decor.
  • Figure 8B shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 in the area-limited drying is equal to the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying.
  • the Figures 9A-9D show different variants of drying units 1 for air drying.
  • the drying unit 1 emits an air flow 9 via a diffuser 10.
  • the diffuser 10 thus ensures that the air flow 9 is diffuse.
  • the air flow 9 is emitted via numerous air nozzles 11, the Air nozzles 11 are aligned parallel to one another and at right angles to the surface of component 2.
  • the air nozzles 11 are oriented slightly obliquely to the surface of the component 2.
  • the air nozzles 11 are in accordance with the embodiment Figure 9D differently aligned. At the edge of the drying area, the air nozzles 11 are oriented obliquely inwards. In the middle of the drying area, on the other hand, the air nozzles are aligned at right angles to the component surface.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of a painting robot 12 according to the invention with a plurality of robot arms and a highly movable robot hand axis, the painting robot 12 carrying both an applicator 13, preferably of the type described at the outset, and a drying unit 1.
  • the applicator 13 is used to apply the decor and can also be used to apply the basecoat if no other applicator such.
  • B. a rotary atomizer is to be used.
  • the drying unit 1 on the other hand, is used for drying the base lacquer layer or the decoration in terms of area.
  • Figure 11 shows a modification, wherein the painting robot 12 carries only the applicator 13, while the drying unit 1 is guided by an additional multi-axis robot 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Lackierverfahren und eine Lackieranlage zum Lackieren eines Bauteils mit einem Dekor, insbesondere zum Lackieren eines Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteils.The invention relates to a painting method and a painting system for painting a component with a decor, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component.

Bei der Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen besteht teilweise der Wunsch nach einer mehrfarbigen Lackierung, wobei das Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil mit einem Dekor (z.B. Zierstreifen, Designerstreifen, Muster, Grafik oder Kontrastfläche) versehen wird.When painting motor vehicle body components, there is sometimes a desire for a multi-colored coating, whereby the motor vehicle body component is provided with a decor (e.g. decorative strips, designer strips, patterns, graphics or contrasting surface).

Eine Möglichkeit für eine solche Dekorlackierung besteht darin, dass entsprechende Folien auf den Basislack oder auf den Klarlack aufgeklebt werden, wobei derartige Folien auch mit einem Klarlack überlackiert werden können.One possibility for such a decorative coating is that appropriate foils are glued to the basecoat or to the clearcoat, it being also possible to overcoat such foils with a clearcoat.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Realisierung einer solchen Dekorlackierung besteht darin, dass nach dem Auftragen und Einbrennen des Klarlacks das gewünschte Dekor mittels Abkleben gestaltet wird, wobei die freie Fläche dann automatisch oder von Hand auslackiert wird. Nach diesem Aufbringen des Dekors kann dann eine weitere Klarlackschicht auf das Dekor aufgebracht werden.Another possibility for realizing such a decorative coating is that after the application and baking of the clear lacquer, the desired decor is designed by masking, the free area then being painted automatically or by hand. After this application of the decor, a further clear lacquer layer can then be applied to the decor.

In wenigen Ausnahmefällen (z.B. bei Luxuslimousinen) werden Zierstreifen von Hand mit einem Pinsel aufgetragen, was sich jedoch nicht für die Massenproduktion eignet.In a few exceptional cases (e.g. luxury sedans), decorative strips are applied by hand with a brush, but this is not suitable for mass production.

Falls das Dekor aus einer Kontrastfläche mit einer abweichenden Farbe besteht, so kann die Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie nacheinander zweimal durch dieselbe Lackierlinie gefahren werden oder zwei separate Linien nacheinander durchfahren, wobei jeweils Basislack und Klarlack aufgetragen wird. Hierbei werden jeweils die nicht zu lackierenden Teilbereiche der Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie abgeklebt.If the decor consists of a contrast surface with a different color, the motor vehicle body can be made one after the other run twice through the same paint line or run through two separate lines in succession, applying basecoat and clearcoat. In this case, the partial areas of the motor vehicle body that are not to be painted are masked off.

Bei bekannten Lackierverfahren für eine Dekorlackierung könnte man die als Untergrund für das Dekor dienende Basislack- und Klarlackschicht zwischentrocknen und einbrennen, wobei sich das Zwischentrocknen und das Einbrennen über die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche erstrecken würde, was mit einem entsprechend großen Energie- und Zeitaufwand verbunden wäre.In known painting processes for decorative painting, the basecoat and clearcoat layer serving as the background for the decor could be dried and baked in, with the intermediate drying and baking extending over the entire component surface, which would be associated with a correspondingly large expenditure of energy and time.

Die Entwicklung eines Lackierverfahrens, welches ohne weitere Hilfsmittel randscharf und oversprayfrei Beschichtungsmittel oder Lacke aufträgt ( DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 , DE 10 2013 002 411.0 , DE 10 2013 002 433.1 ) ermöglicht die Herstellung von Dekoren, Mustern oder Kontrastflächen ohne Abkleben. Mit einem solchen Verfahren kann das Dekor, das Muster oder die Kontrastfarbe zum Beispiel direkt auf einen Basislack aufgebracht werden. Dazu ist allerdings (zumindest bei wasserbasierten Basislacken) die Vortrocknung desselben erforderlich. Nach dem Stand der Technik würde hierfür das Beschichtungsobjekt komplett durch einen Konvektionstrockner gefördert. Vor dem Auftrag der Klarlackschicht muss erneut der Gehalt der flüchtigen Bestandteile in der Dekor-, Muster- oder Kontrastschicht soweit erniedrigt werden, dass es zu keinen Störungen in der Klarlackschicht kommt. Nach dem Stand der Technik bedeutet dies einen erneuten Durchlauf des kompletten Bauteils durch einen Trockner mit daran anschließender Abkühlung. Dieser Vorgang erfordert einen hohen Energieeinsatz. Nach dem Stand der Technik würde das oversprayfreie Lackierverfahren damit nur Einsparungen durch den Entfall der Abklebematerialien ermöglichen.The development of a painting process, which applies coating agents or paints without sharp edges and without overspray ( DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 , DE 10 2013 002 411.0 , DE 10 2013 002 433.1 ) enables the production of decors, patterns or contrast surfaces without masking. With such a method, the decor, the pattern or the contrasting color can be applied directly to a basecoat, for example. However, this requires predrying (at least with water-based basecoats). According to the prior art, the coating object would be conveyed completely by a convection dryer. Before the clear lacquer layer is applied, the volatile constituents in the decorative, pattern or contrast layer must be reduced again to such an extent that there are no faults in the clear lacquer layer. According to the state of the art, this means that the entire component has to be run through a dryer again, followed by cooling. This process requires a lot of energy. According to the state of the art, this would be overspray-free Painting processes only allow savings due to the omission of the masking materials.

Aus DE 38 06 257 A1 ist eine Lackieranlage zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien bekannt, bei der ein Infrarotstrahler seitlich neben der Lackierstraße angeordnet ist und den Schwellerbereich der Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien trocknet, um anschließend ein Dekor auf den Schweller aufbringen zu können. Diese bekannte Lackieranlage eignet sich jedoch nur zur Dekorlackierung im Schwellerbereich.Out DE 38 06 257 A1 A painting system for painting motor vehicle bodies is known, in which an infrared radiator is arranged to the side of the painting line and dries the sill area of the motor vehicle bodies in order to subsequently be able to apply a decor to the sill. However, this known painting system is only suitable for decorative painting in the sill area.

Ferner ist zum Stand der Technik hinzuweisen auf DE 20 2008 008 428 U1 und DE 20 2007 008 852 U1 .Reference should also be made to the state of the art DE 20 2008 008 428 U1 and DE 20 2007 008 852 U1 .

DE 103 12 381 A1 offenbart eine Trocknungseinheit die den Trocknungsbereich über das Bauteil bewegt. DE 103 12 381 A1 discloses a drying unit that moves the drying area over the component.

US 2010/304039 A1 , DE 102 61 298 A1 , FR 2 961 718 A1 und EP 1 518 609 A1 offenbaren ein Lackierverfahren zum Lackieren eines Bauteils mit einem Dekor mit den folgenden Schritten:

  1. a) Aufbringen einer Lackschicht auf das Bauteil,
  2. b) Aufbringen eines flächenmäßig begrenzten Dekors auf das Bauteil, wobei das Dekor einen flächenmäßig begrenzten Dekorbereich auf dem Bauteil umfasst, und
  3. c) Trocknen des Bauteils zum Reduzieren des Gehalts an flüchtigen Bestandteilen, wobei das Bauteil nur flächenmäßig begrenzt innerhalb eines Trocknungsbereichs getrocknet wird und der Trocknungsbereich den Dekorbereich mindestens teilweise umfasst, und der Trocknungsbereich über das Bauteil bewegt wird.
US 2010/304039 A1 , DE 102 61 298 A1 , FR 2 961 718 A1 and EP 1 518 609 A1 disclose a painting process for painting a component with a decor with the following steps:
  1. a) applying a layer of lacquer to the component,
  2. b) applying a surface-limited decoration to the component, the decoration comprising a surface-limited decoration area on the component, and
  3. c) Drying the component to reduce the content of volatile constituents, the component being dried within a drying area with only limited surface area and the drying region at least partially encompassing the decorative area, and the drying region being moved over the component.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein entsprechend verbessertes Lackierverfahren und eine verbesserte Lackieranlage zum Lackieren eines Bauteils mit einem Dekor zu schaffen.The invention is therefore based on the object of a correspondingly improved painting process and an improved one To create painting system for painting a component with a decor.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Lackierverfahren bzw. durch eine erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage gemäß den Nebenansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by a painting method according to the invention or by a painting system according to the invention.

Das erfindungsgemäße Lackierverfahren sieht zunächst vor, dass mindestens eine Lackschicht auf das Bauteil aufgebracht wird, die dann als Grundlage für das Dekor dienen kann.The painting method according to the invention initially provides that at least one layer of paint is applied to the component, which can then serve as the basis for the decor.

Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei dieser Lackschicht um eine Basislackschicht, was an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist und deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden muss. Hierbei ist zu erwähnen, dass die im Rahmen der Erfindung erwähnte Lackschicht in der Regel nicht die unterste Lackschicht ist, die auf das Bauteil aufgebracht wird. Bei einem typischen Mehrschichtlack zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen befinden sich unter dieser Lackschicht vorzugsweise noch weitere Lackschichten, wie beispielsweise eine kathodische Tauchlackierung (KTL) oder eine Füllerschicht. Ferner ist zu erwähnen, dass die Erfindung hinsichtlich der Lackschicht nicht beschränkt ist auf einen Nasslack. Vielmehr kann die Lackschicht im Rahmen der Erfindung auch aus Pulverlack bestehen.According to the invention, this lacquer layer is a base lacquer layer, which is known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in more detail. It should be mentioned here that the lacquer layer mentioned in the context of the invention is generally not the lowest lacquer layer that is applied to the component. In the case of a typical multi-layer lacquer for painting motor vehicle body components, there are preferably further layers of lacquer under this lacquer layer, such as, for example, a cathodic dip coating (KTL) or a filler layer. It should also be mentioned that the invention with regard to the lacquer layer is not limited to a wet lacquer. Rather, the lacquer layer can also consist of powder lacquer in the context of the invention.

Weiterhin sieht das erfindungsgemäße Lackierverfahren in Übereinstimmung mit dem Stand der Technik vor, dass ein flächenmäßig begrenztes Dekor (z.B. Zierstreifen, Grafik, Kontrastfläche oder Muster) auf das Bauteil aufgebracht wird. Das Dekor wird hierbei auf die Lackschicht aufgebracht. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu besteht darin, dass das Dekor direkt auf die Lackschicht aufgebracht wird, d.h. ohne eine dazwischenliegende weitere Schicht. Eine andere Möglichkeit sieht dagegen vor, dass das Dekor mittelbar auf die Lackschicht aufgebracht wird, d.h. mit einer dazwischenliegenden weiteren Schicht.Furthermore, in accordance with the prior art, the painting method according to the invention provides that a decor with limited surface area (for example decorative strips, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is applied to the component. The decor is applied to the lacquer layer. One possibility for this is that the decor is applied directly to the lacquer layer, ie without one in between another layer. Another possibility, on the other hand, provides for the decor to be applied indirectly to the lacquer layer, ie with an additional layer in between.

Hinsichtlich der Aufbringung des Dekors wird auch auf die oben schon erwähnte Patentanmeldung DE 10 2013 002 433.1 verwiesen, so dass der Inhalt dieser Patentanmeldung der vorliegenden Beschreibung in vollem Umfang zuzurechnen ist.With regard to the application of the decor, reference is also made to the patent application already mentioned above DE 10 2013 002 433.1 referenced, so that the content of this patent application is fully attributable to the present description.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Applikation des Dekors mit einem geeigneten Verfahren, welches in der Lage ist ein Beschichtungsmittel randscharf und oversprayfrei aufzutragen, wie es z. B. in der oben ebenfalls erwähnten Patentanmeldung DE 10 2013 002 412.9 beschrieben ist.According to the invention, the decoration is applied using a suitable method which is capable of applying a coating agent with a sharp edge and without overspray, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. in the above-mentioned patent application DE 10 2013 002 412.9 is described.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäß zur Lackaufbringung verwendeten Applikator könnte es sich um an sich bekannte Geräte einschließlich Zerstäubern, Druckköpfen, Düsenanordnungen oder dergleichen handeln. Insbesondere kann es sich aber um ein Gerät handeln, das sich für das oben erwähnte Lackierverfahren eignet, welches ohne weitere Hilfsmittel randscharf und oversprayfrei Lack- oder andere Beschichtungsmittel aufträgt.The applicator used according to the invention for the application of lacquer could be devices known per se, including atomizers, print heads, nozzle arrangements or the like. In particular, however, it can be a device that is suitable for the above-mentioned painting process, which applies paint or other coating agents with sharp edges and without overspray without any additional aids.

Der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Dekors ist nicht auf die vorstehend erwähnten Zier-, Design- oder Dekorstreifen beschränkt. Vielmehr umfasst der Begriff eines Dekors im Rahmen der Erfindung auch Grafiken, Bilder und Ähnliches. Ein weiteres Beispiel eines Dekors ist die Lackierung einer Teilfläche (z.B. eines Dachholms oder einer Dachfläche einer Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie), die in einer anderen Farbe lackiert werden soll als die sonstige Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie. Allgemein umfasst der Begriff eines Dekors also im Rahmen der Erfindung jegliche Teilflächen einer Bauteiloberfläche, die mit einem anderen Beschichtungsmittel (z.B. in einem anderen Farbton oder in einem anderen Glanzgrad) beschichtet werden sollen als der Rest der Bauteiloberfläche. Der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Dekors bedeutet, dass das Dekor nur eine Teilfläche der Bauteiloberfläche abdeckt, d.h. nicht die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche. Weiterhin impliziert der Begriff eines Dekors vorzugsweise, dass das Dekor nicht flächig durchgehend ist, sondern die Bauteiloberfläche lediglich bei den jeweiligen Dekordetails (z.B. Linien) abdeckt.The term “decor” used in the context of the invention is not limited to the aforementioned decorative, design or decorative strips. Rather, the term decor in the context of the invention also includes graphics, images and the like. Another example of a decor is the painting of a partial surface (for example a roof spar or a roof surface of a motor vehicle body) which is to be painted in a different color than the other motor vehicle body. In general, the term decor includes in the frame According to the invention, any partial surfaces of a component surface which are to be coated with a different coating agent (for example in a different color or in a different degree of gloss) than the rest of the component surface. The term “decor” used in the context of the invention means that the decor only covers a partial area of the component surface, ie not the entire component surface. Furthermore, the term “decor” preferably implies that the decor is not flat throughout, but only covers the component surface in the respective decor details (eg lines).

Darüber hinaus sieht das erfindungsgemäße Lackierverfahren vor, dass das Bauteil getrocknet wird, um den Gehalt an flüchtigen Bestandteilen in der Lackschicht bzw. in dem Dekor zu reduzieren und unter die für den weiteren Lackierprozess notwendige Restfeuchte zu bringen. Beispielsweise liegt die Restfeuchte bei wässrigen Lacksystemen in üblichen Lackierprozessen nach der Zwischentrocknung zwischen 5 - 20 %, im Wesentlichen zwischen 8 - 15 %. Die Restfeuchte bei Lacksystemen auf Basis organischer Lösemittel kann sich hiervon deutlich unterscheiden, spielt dabei aber eine eher untergeordnete Rolle, da aufgrund der organischen Lösemittel die Verdunstung so schnell ist, dass keine Prozessprobleme (beispielsweise Kocher oder Nadelstiche bzw. Vermattungen) durch im Film verbliebenes Lösemittel auftreten.In addition, the painting method according to the invention provides that the component is dried in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents in the paint layer or in the decor and to bring it under the residual moisture required for the further painting process. For example, the residual moisture in aqueous coating systems in customary painting processes after intermediate drying is between 5 - 20%, essentially between 8 - 15%. The residual moisture in coating systems based on organic solvents can differ significantly from this, but it plays a rather minor role, since the evaporation is so fast due to the organic solvents that there are no process problems (e.g. stoves or pinholes or matting) due to solvent remaining in the film occur.

Das erfindungsgemäße Lackierverfahren sieht weiterhin vor, dass das Bauteil nur flächenmäßig begrenzt innerhalb eines bestimmten Trocknungsbereichs getrocknet wird, der nicht die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche umfasst, wobei der Trocknungsbereich den Dekorbereich mindestens teilweise umfasst. Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Trocknungsschritt hat also einen wesentlich geringeren Zeit- und Energieverbrauch, da nicht die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche getrocknet wird, sondern nur der flächenmäßig begrenzte Trocknungsbereich.The painting method according to the invention further provides that the component is only dried in terms of area within a certain drying area that does not cover the entire component surface, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area. The drying step provided according to the invention therefore has one Significantly less time and energy consumption, since not the entire component surface is dried, but only the drying area with limited area.

Weiterhin sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der begrenzte Trocknungsbereich über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt wird. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein mehrachsiger Trocknungsroboter verwendet werden, der eine Trocknungseinheit über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt, um die Bauteiloberfläche jeweils an der richtigen Stelle zu trocknen.Furthermore, the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface. For example, a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.

Das erfindungsgemäße Lackierverfahren ist dabei nicht auf einen bestimmten Lacktyp (zum Beispiel wässrig, lösemittelhaltig, UV-trocknend) beschränkt.The painting process according to the invention is not limited to a specific type of paint (for example aqueous, solvent-based, UV-drying).

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Lackschicht vor dem Aufbringen des Dekors auf ihrer gesamten Bauteiloberfläche getrocknet. Anschließend wird dann das flächenmäßig begrenzte Dekor auf die getrocknete Lackschicht aufgebracht. Schließlich wird das Dekor dann getrocknet, wobei diese Trocknung des Dekors flächenmäßig begrenzt innerhalb des Trocknungsbereiches erfolgt und nicht die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche umfasst. Bei dieser Erfindungsvariante tritt die Einsparung an Zeit und Energie also bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung des Dekors auf.According to the invention, the lacquer layer is dried on its entire component surface before the decoration is applied. Then the limited-area decor is then applied to the dried lacquer layer. Finally, the decor is then dried, with this drying of the decor taking place within the drying area with a limited area and not encompassing the entire component surface. In this variant of the invention, the saving of time and energy occurs when drying the decor with limited area.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind verschiedene Trocknungsarten zu unterscheiden, nämlich zum einen die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte, flächenmäßig unbegrenzte Trocknung des Bauteils auf seiner gesamten Bauteiloberfläche einerseits und die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene flächenmäßig begrenzte Trocknung des Bauteils innerhalb des Trocknungsbereichs andererseits.Within the scope of the invention, different types of drying are to be distinguished, namely on the one hand the drying of the component in terms of area over its entire component surface, which is known from the prior art, and on the one hand the drying of the component within the drying area which is limited in area and is provided according to the invention.

Diese beiden verschiedenen Trocknungsarten führen in der Regel zu einem bestimmten Restfeuchtegrad nach der Trocknung.These two different types of drying usually lead to a certain level of residual moisture after drying.

In einer Variante der Erfindung ist der bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung erreichte Restfeuchtegrad im Wesentlichen gleich dem bei der flächenmäßig unbegrenzten, herkömmlichen Trocknung erreichten Restfeuchtegrad.In a variant of the invention, the residual moisture level achieved in the area-limited drying is essentially equal to the level of residual moisture achieved in the area-unlimited, conventional drying.

Es besteht jedoch alternativ auch die Möglichkeit, dass der bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung erreichte Restfeuchtegrad kleiner ist als der bei der flächenmäßig unbegrenzten Trocknung erreichte Restfeuchtegrad.However, there is alternatively also the possibility that the residual moisture level achieved with the area-limited drying is smaller than the residual moisture level achieved with the area-independent drying.

Schließlich besteht auch noch die Möglichkeit, dass der bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung erreichte Restfeuchtegrad größer ist als der bei der flächenmäßig unbegrenzten Trocknung erreichte Restfeuchtegrad.Finally, there is also the possibility that the residual moisture level achieved with the area-limited drying is greater than the residual moisture level achieved with the area-independent drying.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung können verschiedene Trocknungsverfahren eingesetzt werden, die teilweise an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind und deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden müssen.Various drying methods can be used within the scope of the invention, some of which are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not have to be described in more detail.

Beispielsweise kann die Trocknung durch Bestrahlen des zu trocknenden Bauteils mit einer Strahlung erfolgen. Bei der Strahlung kann es sich beispielsweise um elektromagnetische Strahlung handeln, z.B. Mikrowellenstrahlung, Infrarot-Strahlung oder Ultraviolett-Strahlung, oder aber auch um Beschuss mit Elektronen. Die elektromagnetische Strahlung kann beispielsweise durch Leuchtdioden (LEDs: Light-emitting diodes), organische Leuchtdioden (OLEDs: Organic light-emitting diodes), Halogen-Glühlampen oder Carbon-Infrarot-Strahler erzeugt werden.For example, drying can be carried out by irradiating the component to be dried with radiation. The radiation can be, for example, electromagnetic radiation, for example microwave radiation, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation, or else bombardment with electrons. The electromagnetic radiation can be generated, for example, by light-emitting diodes (LEDs: light-emitting diodes), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs: organic light-emitting diodes), halogen incandescent lamps or carbon infrared emitters.

Beispielsweise kann die elektromagnetische Strahlung kurzwellig sein mit einer Wellenlänge im Bereich von 0,8µm-1,2µm. Die Strahlung kann jedoch auch mittelwellig sein mit einer Wellenlänge im Bereich von 1,2µm -4µm. Ferner besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Strahlung langwellig ist mit einer Wellenlänge im Bereich von 4µm -10µm. Schließlich besteht auch noch die Möglichkeit, dass es sich bei der Strahlung um Mikrowellenstrahlung handelt, die beispielsweise eine Wellenlänge in der Größenordnung von einigen cm (1-100 cm) aufweisen kann. Ebenso besteht die Möglichkeit, mit UV-Strahlung zu trocknen, wenn die Lacke dafür geeignet sind.For example, the electromagnetic radiation can be short-wave with a wavelength in the range of 0.8 µm-1.2 µm. However, the radiation can also be medium-wave with a wavelength in the range of 1.2 µm -4 µm. There is also the possibility that the radiation is long-wave with a wavelength in the range of 4 µm -10 µm. Finally, there is also the possibility that the radiation is microwave radiation, which may have a wavelength of the order of a few cm (1-100 cm), for example. It is also possible to dry with UV radiation if the varnishes are suitable.

Die Strahlungsquelle an sich kann aber auch scharf begrenzt und/oder gerichtet sein (zum Beispiel vom Typ eines Lasers), um zumindest einen Teil der zu trocknenden Fläche zu bestrahlen und zu trocknen.However, the radiation source itself can also be sharply delimited and / or directed (for example of the type of a laser) in order to irradiate and dry at least a part of the area to be dried.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Bauteil durch Lufttrocknung getrocknet werden, beispielsweise mit kalter Luft (Lufttemperatur von 0°C bis +40°C), warmer Luft (Lufttemperatur von +40°C bis +300°C) und/oder mit trockener Luft mit einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von weniger als 20%, 10%, 5% oder 1%.Alternatively or additionally, the component can be dried by air drying, for example with cold air (air temperature from 0 ° C to + 40 ° C), warm air (air temperature from + 40 ° C to + 300 ° C) and / or with dry air a relative humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%.

Schließlich besteht auch noch die Möglichkeit einer Unterdrucktrocknung, wobei das zu trocknende Bauteil einem lokalen Unterdruck ausgesetzt wird.Finally, there is also the possibility of vacuum drying, in which the component to be dried is exposed to a local vacuum.

Die vorstehend erwähnte Unterdrucktrocknung kann beispielsweise mittels einer Saugglocke erfolgen, die über die zu trocknende Bauteilteiloberfläche geführt wird und einen örtlich begrenzten Unterdruck erzeugt.The vacuum drying mentioned above can be carried out, for example, by means of a suction cup which is guided over the component part surface to be dried and which generates a locally limited vacuum.

Bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Trocknung durch Strahlung oder Luft kann der flächenmäßig begrenzte Trocknungsbereich durch eine Blende maskiert werden, so dass die Strahlung oder ein Luftstrom im Wesentlichen nur auf den Trocknungsbereich trifft.In the case of the drying by radiation or air described above, the drying area which is limited in terms of area can be masked by a screen, so that the radiation or an air stream essentially only impinges on the drying area.

Zu der vorstehend erwähnten Lufttrocknung ist zu erwähnen, dass ein Luftstrom durch einen Diffusor auf die zu trocknende Bauteiloberfläche gerichtet werden kann, so dass der Luftstrom diffus auf die zu trocknende Bauteiloberfläche auftrifft. Beispielsweise kann der Diffusor ein Drahtgeflecht, porös gesintertes Metall oder porös gesinterte Keramik aufweisen oder aus porös gesintertem Kunststoff bestehen.Regarding the air drying mentioned above, it should be mentioned that an air flow can be directed through a diffuser onto the component surface to be dried, so that the air flow impinges diffusely on the component surface to be dried. For example, the diffuser can have a wire mesh, porous sintered metal or porous sintered ceramic, or consist of porous sintered plastic.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die Strahlungstrocknung mit Lufttrocknung (kalt, warm, trocken) und/oder Unterdrucktrocknung kombiniert werden.Radiation drying can advantageously be combined with air drying (cold, warm, dry) and / or vacuum drying.

Darüber hinaus kann der Luftstrom zum Trocknen des Bauteils durch mindestens eine Düse auf die zu trocknende Bauteiloberfläche gerichtet werden. In einer Variante der Erfindung sind mehrere Düsen parallel zueinander und vorzugsweise rechtwinklig zu der zu trocknenden Bauteiloberfläche ausgerichtet. Es besteht jedoch alternativ die Möglichkeit, dass die Düsen parallel zueinander und schräg zu der zu trocknenden Bauteiloberfläche ausgerichtet sind. Ferner besteht alternativ die Möglichkeit, dass die Düsen am Umfangsrand des Trocknungsbereiches schräg nach innen und in der Mitte des Trocknungsbereichs im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu der zu trocknenden Bauteiloberfläche ausgerichtet sind.In addition, the air flow for drying the component can be directed through at least one nozzle onto the component surface to be dried. In a variant of the invention, a plurality of nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and preferably at right angles to the component surface to be dried. However, there is alternatively the possibility that the nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and obliquely to the component surface to be dried. Furthermore, there is alternatively the possibility that the nozzles on the peripheral edge of the drying area are oriented obliquely inwards and in the middle of the drying area essentially at right angles to the component surface to be dried.

Die Kombination von schräg und rechtwinklig ausgerichteten Düsen ist aber nicht auf die beschriebene Ausführungsform beschränkt. Vielmehr ist eine Vielzahl von Varianten möglich, bei denen beide Düsenarten in unterschiedlichster Art und Weise auf der Trocknungseinheit angeordnet werden.
Der Düsenaustritt kann rund, oval oder auch schlitzförmig sein.The combination of inclined and right-angled nozzles is not limited to the described embodiment. Rather, a large number of variants are possible in which both types of nozzles are arranged on the drying unit in the most varied of ways.
The nozzle outlet can be round, oval or slit-shaped.

Die Düsen können auch diffus, d. h. in vielen voneinander verschiedenen Winkeln angeordnet sein und hierbei keiner Symmetrie unterliegen.The nozzles can also be diffuse, i. H. be arranged at many different angles and are not subject to symmetry.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird das Bauteil mittels einer Trocknungseinheit getrocknet, die beispielsweise Luft oder Strahlung abgeben kann, um das Bauteil zu trocknen. Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Trocknungseinheit eine Form aufweist, die an die Form des zu trocknenden Bauteils angepasst ist. Beispielsweise kann die Trocknungseinheit deshalb eine ebene, konvexe oder konkave Form aufweisen.In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the component is dried by means of a drying unit which, for example, can emit air or radiation in order to dry the component. It is advantageous here if the drying unit has a shape that is adapted to the shape of the component to be dried. For example, the drying unit can therefore have a flat, convex or concave shape.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird die Trocknungseinheit gemeinsam mit dem Applikator entlang einer Lackierbahn über das Bauteil bewegt, insbesondere durch einen mehrachsigen Lackierroboter. Hierbei besteht die Möglichkeit, dass auf einer gemeinsamen Lackierbahn sowohl die Trocknungseinheit das Bauteil trocknet als auch der Applikator das Dekor aufträgt.In one embodiment of the invention, the drying unit is moved together with the applicator along a painting path over the component, in particular by a multi-axis painting robot. There is the possibility that both the drying unit dries the component and the applicator applies the decor on a common painting line.

Eine Möglichkeit besteht hierbei darin, dass die Trocknungseinheit in Bahnrichtung vor dem Applikator angeordnet ist, so dass die Lackschicht zunächst von der Trocknungseinheit getrocknet wird, woraufhin der nachfolgende Applikator dann das Dekor auf die zwischengetrocknete Lackschicht aufträgt.One possibility here is that the drying unit is arranged in front of the applicator in the direction of the web, so that the lacquer layer first dries from the drying unit , whereupon the subsequent applicator then applies the decor to the intermediate dried lacquer layer.

Es ist jedoch alternativ auch möglich, dass die Trocknungseinheit in Bahnrichtung hinter dem Applikator angeordnet ist, so dass bei einer Bewegung zunächst der Applikator das Dekor aufträgt und dann die nachfolgende Trocknungseinheit das zuvor aufgebrachte Dekor flächenmäßig begrenzt trocknet.However, it is alternatively also possible for the drying unit to be arranged behind the applicator in the web direction, so that when the applicator moves, the decor is applied first and then the subsequent drying unit dries the previously applied decor with limited area.

Alternativ besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass das Trocknen und Auftragen des Dekors auf getrennten Bewegungsbahnen zeitlich nacheinander erfolgt. Beispielsweise kann zunächst eine Bewegungsbahn der Trocknungseinheit erfolgen, wobei die Trocknungseinheit dann die Lackschicht flächenmäßig begrenzt trocknet. Anschließend erfolgt dann eine zweite Bewegungsbahn, bei welcher der Applikator das Dekor aufträgt. Es ist jedoch auch umgekehrt möglich, dass auf der ersten Bewegungsbahn zunächst das Dekor aufgetragen wird und bei der folgenden zweiten Bewegungsbahn dann die Trocknungseinheit das Dekor trocknet.Alternatively, there is also the possibility that the decoration is dried and applied on separate movement paths one after the other. For example, a movement path of the drying unit can take place first, the drying unit then drying the lacquer layer with limited surface area. A second movement path then follows, in which the applicator applies the decor. However, it is also possible, conversely, that the decor is first applied to the first movement path and then the drying unit dries the decor in the following second movement path.

Erfindungsgemäß wird zunächst eine Basislackschicht auf das Bauteil aufgebracht. Die Basislackschicht wird dann auf der gesamten Bauteiloberfläche zwischengetrocknet, beispielsweise durch Lufttrocknung mit einer Lufttemperatur von +60°C bis +80°C. Nach dieser Zwischentrocknung und folgender Abkühlung der Basislackschicht wird dann das Dekor auf die zwischengetrocknete Basislackschicht aufgebracht. Anschließend erfolgt dann eine flächenmäßig begrenzte Trocknung des Dekors innerhalb des Trocknungsbereichs, wobei der Trocknungsbereich den Dekorbereich mindestens teilweise einschließt. Schließlich wird dann noch eine Klarlackschicht auf die Basislackschicht und das Dekor aufgebracht.According to the invention, a basecoat is first applied to the component. The basecoat is then dried on the entire component surface, for example by air drying at an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C. After this intermediate drying and subsequent cooling of the basecoat layer, the decor is then applied to the intermediately dried basecoat layer. Subsequently, the decoration is then dried in terms of area within the drying area, the drying area at least partially enclosing the decor area. Finally, a clear coat is then applied to the basecoat and the decor.

Ferner ist zu bemerken, dass die oben und in den Ansprüchen erwähnten Temperaturbereiche nicht einschränkend zu verstehen sind, sondern in manchen Fällen auch über- oder unterschritten werden können.It should also be noted that the temperature ranges mentioned above and in the claims are not to be understood as restrictive, but in some cases can also be exceeded or fallen below.

Schließlich beansprucht die Erfindung auch Schutz für eine erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage zum Aufbringen einer Dekorlackierung. Die erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage weist in Übereinstimmung mit dem Stand der Technik eine Applikationseinrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Lackschicht auf. Bei dieser Applikationseinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um einen herkömmlichen Lackierroboter mit einem Rotationszerstäuber handeln.Finally, the invention also claims protection for a painting installation according to the invention for applying a decorative paint. In accordance with the prior art, the painting installation according to the invention has an application device for applying a layer of paint. This application device can be, for example, a conventional painting robot with a rotary atomizer.

Darüber hinaus weist die erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage in Übereinstimmung mit dem Stand der Technik eine Applikationseinrichtung auf, um das flächenmäßig begrenzte Dekor auf das Bauteil aufzubringen. Bei dieser Applikationseinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um einen herkömmlichen Rotationszerstäuber handeln, insbesondere aber um einen Applikator, wie er beispielsweise in DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 und DE 10 2013 002 411.0 beschrieben ist, so dass der Inhalt dieser Patentanmeldungen der vorliegenden Beschreibung in vollem Umfang zuzurechnen ist.In addition, in accordance with the prior art, the painting installation according to the invention has an application device in order to apply the decor, which is limited in area, to the component. This application device can be, for example, a conventional rotary atomizer, but in particular an applicator such as that shown in, for example, FIG DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 and DE 10 2013 002 411.0 is described, so that the content of these patent applications is fully attributable to the present description.

Darüber hinaus umfasst die Erfindung auch eine Trocknungseinheit zum Trocknen des Bauteils zum Reduzieren des Gehalts an flüchtigen Bestandteilen. Die erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage zeichnet sich nun dadurch aus, dass die Trocknungseinrichtung so ausgebildet ist und betrieben wird, dass das Bauteil nur flächenmäßig begrenzt innerhalb eines bestimmten Trocknungsbereiches getrocknet wird, wobei der Trocknungsbereich den Dekorbereich mindestens teilweise umfasst.In addition, the invention also comprises a drying unit for drying the component in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents. The painting system according to the invention is now characterized in that the drying device is designed and operated in such a way that the component has only a limited area within a certain drying area is dried, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area.

Hierbei sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der begrenzte Trocknungsbereich über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt wird. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein mehrachsiger Trocknungsroboter verwendet werden, der eine Trocknungseinheit über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt, um die Bauteiloberfläche jeweils an der richtigen Stelle zu trocknen.Here, the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface. For example, a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Trocknungseinheit und die Applikationseinrichtung zum Aufbringen des Dekors gemeinsam von einem mehrachsigen Roboter geführt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the drying unit and the application device for applying the decoration are guided together by a multi-axis robot.

Es besteht jedoch alternativ auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Trocknungseinheit einerseits und die Applikationseinrichtung zum Aufbringen der Lackschicht bzw. die Applikationseinrichtung zum Aufbringen des Dekors andererseits von getrennten Robotern geführt werden.However, there is alternatively also the possibility that the drying unit on the one hand and the application device for applying the lacquer layer or the application device for applying the decoration on the other hand are guided by separate robots.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet oder werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Lackierverfahren in Form eines Flussdiagramms,
Figuren 2A-2E
verschiedene Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungseinheit zum Trocknen des Bauteils,
Figur 3
eine Querschnittsansicht durch ein beschichtetes Bauteil mit dem Trocknungsbereich und dem Dekorbereich,
Figur 4
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungseinheit zur Strahlungstrocknung mit einer Blende zur Maskierung des Trocknungsbereichs,
Figur 5
eine schematische Darstellung zur Verdeutlichung der Bedeutung des Abstands der Trocknungseinheit,
Figuren 6A-6E
schematische Darstellungen verschiedener Ausführungsformen von Trocknungseinheiten,
Figur 7
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungseinheit,
Figuren 8A-8E
verschiedene Diagramme zur Verdeutlichung der Verringerung des Restfeuchtegrads durch die Trocknung,
Figuren 9A-9D
verschiedene schematische Darstellungen zur Lufttrocknung mit einem Diffuser bzw. mit Düsen,
Figur 10
eine schematische Darstellung eines Roboters mit einer Trocknungseinheit und einem Applikator, sowie
Figur 11
eine schematische Darstellung von einem Roboter zum Auftragen des Dekors und einem weiteren Roboter zum Trocknen der Bauteiloberfläche.
Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figure 1
an inventive painting process in the form of a flow chart,
Figures 2A-2E
different embodiments of a drying unit according to the invention for drying the component,
Figure 3
2 shows a cross-sectional view through a coated component with the drying area and the decorative area,
Figure 4
1 shows a schematic representation of a drying unit according to the invention for radiation drying with a screen for masking the drying area,
Figure 5
1 shows a schematic illustration to clarify the meaning of the distance between the drying unit,
Figures 6A-6E
schematic representations of different embodiments of drying units,
Figure 7
a schematic representation of a drying unit according to the invention,
Figures 8A-8E
various diagrams to illustrate the reduction in the residual moisture level due to drying,
Figures 9A-9D
various schematic representations for air drying with a diffuser or with nozzles,
Figure 10
a schematic representation of a robot with a drying unit and an applicator, and
Figure 11
is a schematic representation of a robot for applying the decor and another Robot for drying the component surface.

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Lackierverfahren zur Dekorlackierung in Form eines Flussdiagramms.The Figure 1 shows a painting process for decorative painting in the form of a flow chart.

In einem Verfahrensschritt BC (BC: Base Coat) wird eine Basislackschicht auf die Bauteiloberfläche des zu lackierenden Bauteils (z.B. Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil) aufgebracht. Die Basislackschicht kann einschichtig sein oder aus zwei Basislackschichten (BC1+BC2) bestehen. Weiterhin ist zu erwähnen, dass die Basislackschicht wahlweise aus Nasslack oder Pulverlack bestehen kann. Die Basislackschicht wird vorzugsweise in herkömmlicher Weise mit einem Rotationszerstäuber oder einem Luftzerstäuber aufgebracht, der von einem mehrachsigen Lackierroboter geführt wird.In a process step BC (BC: Base Coat), a basecoat layer is applied to the component surface of the component to be painted (e.g. motor vehicle body component). The basecoat layer can be single-layer or consist of two basecoat layers (BC1 + BC2). It should also be mentioned that the basecoat layer can optionally consist of wet paint or powder paint. The basecoat film is preferably applied in a conventional manner using a rotary atomizer or an air atomizer which is guided by a multi-axis painting robot.

In einem Verfahrensschritt ZTR (ZTR: Zwischentrocknen) wird dann die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche zwischengetrocknet. Beispielsweise kann dieses Zwischentrocknen durch Lufttrocknen erfolgen, beispielsweise mit einer Lufttemperatur von +60°C bis +80°C. Jeweils ist zu erwähnen, dass im Rahmen der Zwischentrocknung die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche getrocknet wird, wozu das zu trocknende Bauteil beispielsweise in eine Trocknungskammer eingeführt werden kann, was an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist.In a process step ZTR (ZTR: intermediate drying), the entire component surface is then intermediate dried. For example, this intermediate drying can be carried out by air drying, for example with an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C. In each case it should be mentioned that the entire component surface is dried as part of the intermediate drying, for which purpose the component to be dried can be introduced, for example, into a drying chamber, which is known per se from the prior art.

In einem Schritt DC (DC: Decor Coat) wird dann ein Dekor (z.B. Zierstreifen, Grafik, Kontrastfläche oder Muster) auf das Bauteil aufgebracht, wobei das Dekor flächenmäßig auf einen bestimmten Dekorbereich begrenzt ist und sich nicht über die gesamte Bauteiloberfläche erstreckt.A decoration (such as trim, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is then applied to the component, wherein the decoration is geographically limited to a certain decorative sector and does not extend over the entire component surface: in a step DC (D EcoR C oat DC).

In einem Schritt PTR (PTR: Partielles Trocknen) erfolgt dann ein flächenmäßig begrenztes (partielles) Trocknen innerhalb eines Trocknungsbereichs, der das Dekor mindestens teilweise umfasst. Dieses flächenmäßig begrenzte Trocknen kann beispielsweise durch Lufttrocknen oder durch Bestrahlung der Bauteiloberfläche erfolgen, was an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist und im Übrigen auch später noch detailliert beschrieben wird.In a step PTR (PTR: P artielles Tr ocknen) then takes place a limited size as (partial) drying within a drying zone, which comprises the decor at least partially. This area-limited drying can be carried out, for example, by air drying or by irradiation of the component surface, which is known per se from the prior art and is also described in detail later.

In einem Schritt CC (CC: Clear Coat) wird dann eine Klarlackschicht aufgetragen. Hierbei ist zu erwähnen, dass die Klarlackschicht einschichtig oder mehrschichtig sein kann. Weiterhin ist zu erwähnen, dass es sich bei dem Klarlack um einen Einkomponenten-Klarlack oder um einen Zweikomponenten-Klarlack handeln kann.A clear coat layer is then applied: in a step CC (C lear C oat CC). It should be mentioned here that the clear lacquer layer can have one or more layers. It should also be mentioned that the clearcoat can be a one-component clearcoat or a two-component clearcoat.

Grundsätzlich gilt, dass im Bereich der Automobilserienlackierung das Bauteil zumindest nach dem letzten Lackierschritt durch eine geeignete Einrichtung getrocknet bzw. eingebrannt wird. Wenn nachfolgend als letzter Schritt das Aufbringen einer Klarlackschicht beschrieben wird, so beinhaltet dies auch die Trocknung dieser letzten Klarlackschicht, sofern nicht lufttrocknende Lacke (z.B. Zweikomponenten-Lacke) verwendet werden.Basically, in the field of automotive serial painting, the component is dried or baked, at least after the last painting step, by a suitable device. If the application of a clear coat is described as the last step, this also includes the drying of this last clear coat, unless air-drying paints (e.g. two-component paints) are used.

Die Figuren 2A-2E zeigen verschiedene Ausführungsformen einer Trocknungseinheit 1 zur Trocknung einer Beschichtung auf einem Bauteil 2, wobei die Trocknungseinheit 1 beispielsweise einen Luftstrom auf die Bauteiloberfläche des Bauteils 2 abgeben kann.The Figures 2A-2E show various embodiments of a drying unit 1 for drying a coating on a component 2, wherein the drying unit 1 can, for example, emit an air flow onto the component surface of the component 2.

Die einzelnen Figuren unterscheiden sich hier durch die Formgebung des Bauteils und die entsprechend angepasste Formgebung der Trocknungseinheit. Die Trocknungseinheit 1 einerseits und das Bauteil 2 andererseits haben also komplementär angepasste Formen.The individual figures differ here in the shape of the component and the appropriately adapted shape of the drying unit. The drying unit 1 on the one hand and the component 2 on the other hand therefore have complementarily adapted shapes.

So ist das Bauteil 2 in Figur 2A eben, so dass auch die Trocknungseinheit 1 im Wesentlichen eben ist.So the component is 2 in Figure 2A flat, so that the drying unit 1 is also essentially flat.

Bei der Erfindungsvariante gemäß Figur 2B ist das Bauteil 2 konvex, so dass die Trocknungseinheit 1 entsprechend konkav geformt ist.In the variant according to the invention Figure 2B the component 2 is convex, so that the drying unit 1 is correspondingly concave.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2C ist das Bauteil 2 dagegen konkav, so dass die Trocknungseinheit 1 entsprechend angepasst konvex ist.In the embodiment according to Figure 2C the component 2 is concave, on the other hand, so that the drying unit 1 is suitably adapted convex.

Bei der Erfindungsvariante gemäß Figur 2D weist das Bauteil 2 eine in der Zeichnung nach oben hervorspringende Bauteilkante auf, so dass die Trocknungseinheit 1 entsprechend angepasst ist.In the variant according to the invention Figure 2D the component 2 has a component edge protruding upwards in the drawing, so that the drying unit 1 is adapted accordingly.

Schließlich weist die Trocknungseinheit 1 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2E eine hervorspringende Kante auf, die rechtwinklig zur Zeichnungsebene verläuft.Finally, the drying unit 1 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 2E a protruding edge that is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht eines Bauteils 2 mit einer Basislackschicht 3 und einem auf die Basislackschicht 3 aufgebrachten Dekor 4 innerhalb eines Dekorbereichs. Weiterhin zeigt die Zeichnung schematisch einen Trocknungsbereich 5, wobei die Basislackschicht 3 innerhalb des Trocknungsbereichs 5 flächenmäßig begrenzt getrocknet wird. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a component 2 with a basecoat layer 3 and a decor 4 applied to the basecoat layer 3 within a decor area. Furthermore, the drawing schematically shows a drying area 5, the basecoat layer 3 being dried within the drying area 5 with limited surface area.

Hierbei ist der Trocknungsbereich 5 größer als der Dekorbereich des Dekors 4 und schließt den Dekorbereich vollständig mit ein.Here, the drying area 5 is larger than the decor area of the decor 4 and completely includes the decor area.

Figur 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungseinheit 1, welche das Dekor 4 durch Bestrahlung trocknet, beispielsweise mittels Infrarotstrahlung. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a drying unit 1 according to the invention, which dries the decor 4 by irradiation, for example by means of infrared radiation.

Hierbei ist auch eine Blende 6 dargestellt, welche die Bauteiloberfläche maskiert und die zu Trocknungszwecken dienende Strahlung nur im Bereich des Dekors 4 durchlässt, so dass die Trocknungseinheit 1 die Bauteiloberfläche flächenmäßig begrenzt innerhalb des Dekorbereichs trocknet.In this case, an aperture 6 is also shown, which masks the component surface and only allows the radiation used for drying purposes to pass in the area of the decor 4, so that the drying unit 1 dries the component surface with limited area within the decorative area.

Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere Abwandlung mit einer Angabe eines Abstands a zwischen der Trocknungseinheit 1 und der Bauteiloberfläche. Dadurch soll verdeutlicht werden, dass der Abstand a eine wesentliche Bedeutung für die korrekte Trocknung hat. Figure 5 shows a further modification with an indication of a distance a between the drying unit 1 and the component surface. This is intended to clarify that the distance a is of essential importance for correct drying.

Die Figuren 6A bis 6E zeigen verschiedene Arten von Trocknungseinheiten 1.The Figures 6A to 6E show different types of drying units 1.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6A gibt die Trocknungseinheit 1 ausschließlich elektromagnetische Strahlung (z.B. Infrarot-Strahlung) zur Trocknung der Bauteiloberfläche ab.In the embodiment according to Figure 6A the drying unit 1 emits only electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation) for drying the component surface.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6B gibt die Trocknungseinheit 1 ausschließlich einen Luftstrom zur Lufttrocknung der Bauteiloberfläche ab.In the embodiment according to Figure 6B the drying unit 1 emits only an air stream for air drying the component surface.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6C kombiniert eine Trocknung durch einen Luftstrom und durch elektromagnetische Strahlung (z.B. Infrarot-Strahlung).The embodiment according to Figure 6C combines drying by an air flow and by electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation).

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6D weist die Trocknungseinheit 1 zusätzlich eine Unterdruckglocke 7 auf, die über die Bauteiloberfläche geführt wird, um die Bauteiloberfläche durch Unterdruck zu trocknen. Darüber hinaus gibt die Trocknungseinheit 1 hierbei auch elektromagnetische Strahlung (z.B. Infrarot-Strahlung) auf die Bauteiloberfläche ab. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel kombiniert also eine Unterdrucktrocknung mit einer Strahlungstrocknung.In the embodiment according to Figure 6D the drying unit 1 additionally has a vacuum bell 7 which is guided over the component surface in order to dry the component surface by means of vacuum. In addition, the drying unit 1 also emits electromagnetic radiation (for example infrared radiation) onto the component surface. This embodiment thus combines vacuum drying with radiation drying.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 6E eine reine Unterdrucktrocknung.Finally shows Figure 6E a pure vacuum drying.

Figur 7 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Trocknungseinheit 1 zur flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung eines Bauteils 2, wobei die Trocknungseinheit 1 in Pfeilrichtung transportiert wird (in anderen Fällen könnte auch das Bauteil 2 transportiert werden). Die Trocknungseinheit 1 befindet sich hierbei über dem zu trocknenden Bauteil 2, so dass ein in der Breite begrenzter getrockneter Bereich 8 hinter der Trocknungseinheit 1 getrocknet wird. Figure 7 shows a schematic plan view of a drying unit 1 according to the invention for the area-limited drying of a component 2, the drying unit 1 being transported in the direction of the arrow (in other cases, the component 2 could also be transported). The drying unit 1 is located above the component 2 to be dried, so that a dried area 8 of limited width is dried behind the drying unit 1.

Die Figuren 8A-8E zeigen verschiedene Verläufe eines Restfeuchtegrads F in der Basislackschicht 3 entlang der Breite b in Figur 13. Die Werte b=b1 und b=b2 markieren hierbei die Ränder des Trocknungsbereichs 8 in Figur 7. Der Wert F1 kennzeichnet den Restfeuchtegrad, der bei der erfindungsgemäßen, flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung erreicht wird. Der Wert F2 kennzeichnet dagegen den Restfeuchtegrad, der bei einer herkömmlichen Bauteiltrocknung erreicht wird, beispielsweise in einer Trocknungskammer.The Figures 8A-8E show different profiles of a residual moisture level F in the basecoat layer 3 along the width b in FIG. 13. The values b = b1 and b = b2 mark the edges of the drying area 8 in Figure 7 . The value F1 denotes the degree of residual moisture which is achieved in the drying according to the invention, which has a limited area. The value F2, on the other hand, denotes the residual moisture level that is achieved with conventional component drying, for example in a drying chamber.

Figur 8A zeigt eine Erfindungsvariante, bei welcher der Restfeuchtegrad F1 bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung wesentlich größer ist als der Restfeuchtegrad F2, der bei der herkömmlichen, flächenmäßig unbegrenzten Trocknung erreicht wird. Der Restfeuchtegrad F1 ist in der Regel zu groß für eine einwandfreie Applikation einer Klarlackschicht, jedoch ist der Restfeuchtegrad F1 hinreichend kleiner für die Applikation des Dekors. Figure 8A shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 is significantly greater in the area-limited drying than the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying. The residual moisture level F1 is usually too large for a perfect application of a clear coat, but the residual moisture level F1 is sufficiently lower for the application of the decor.

Figur 8B zeigt eine Erfindungsvariante, bei welcher der Restfeuchtegrad F1 bei der flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung gleich dem Restfeuchtegrad F2 ist, der bei der herkömmlichen, flächenmäßig unbegrenzten Trocknung erreicht wird. Figure 8B shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 in the area-limited drying is equal to the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying.

Die Figuren 8C und 8D zeigen Abwandlungen der Figuren 8A bzw. 8B mit einem weniger randscharfen Übergang des Restfeuchtegrads F an den Rändern b=b1 und b=b2.The Figures 8C and 8D show variations of the Figures 8A or 8B with a less sharp transition of the residual moisture degree F at the edges b = b1 and b = b2.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 8E eine Variante, bei der sich die Randschärfe des Restfeuchtegrads variieren lässt.Finally shows Figure 8E a variant in which the edge sharpness of the residual moisture level can be varied.

Die Figuren 9A-9D zeigen verschiedene Varianten von Trocknungseinheiten 1 zur Lufttrocknung.The Figures 9A-9D show different variants of drying units 1 for air drying.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9A gibt die Trocknungseinheit 1 einen Luftstrom 9 über einen Diffusor 10 ab. Der Diffusor 10 sorgt also dafür, dass der Luftstrom 9 diffus ist.In the embodiment according to Figure 9A the drying unit 1 emits an air flow 9 via a diffuser 10. The diffuser 10 thus ensures that the air flow 9 is diffuse.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9B wird der Luftstrom 9 dagegen über zahlreiche Luftdüsen 11 abgegeben, wobei die Luftdüsen 11 parallel zueinander und rechtwinklig zur Oberfläche des Bauteils 2 ausgerichtet sind.In the embodiment according to Figure 9B the air flow 9, on the other hand, is emitted via numerous air nozzles 11, the Air nozzles 11 are aligned parallel to one another and at right angles to the surface of component 2.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9C sind die Luftdüsen 11 dagegen leicht schräg zur Oberfläche des Bauteils 2 ausgerichtet.In the embodiment according to Figure 9C in contrast, the air nozzles 11 are oriented slightly obliquely to the surface of the component 2.

Schließlich sind die Luftdüsen 11 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9D unterschiedlich ausgerichtet. Am Rand des Trocknungsbereichs sind die Luftdüsen 11 schräg nach innen ausgerichtet. In der Mitte des Trocknungsbereichs sind die Luftdüsen dagegen rechtwinklig zur Bauteiloberfläche ausgerichtet.Finally, the air nozzles 11 are in accordance with the embodiment Figure 9D differently aligned. At the edge of the drying area, the air nozzles 11 are oriented obliquely inwards. In the middle of the drying area, on the other hand, the air nozzles are aligned at right angles to the component surface.

Figur 10 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Lackierroboters 12 mit mehreren Roboterarmen und einer hochbeweglichen Roboterhandachse, wobei der Lackierroboter 12 sowohl einen Applikator 13, vorzugsweise der eingangs erläuterten Art, als auch eine Trocknungseinheit 1 trägt. Der Applikator 13 dient hierbei zum Aufbringen des Dekors und kann auch zum Aufbringen der Basislackschicht verwendet werden, wenn hierfür kein anderer Applikator wie z. B. ein Rotationszerstäuber verwendet werden soll. Die Trocknungseinheit 1 dient dagegen zur flächenmäßig begrenzten Trocknung der Basislackschicht oder des Dekors. Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of a painting robot 12 according to the invention with a plurality of robot arms and a highly movable robot hand axis, the painting robot 12 carrying both an applicator 13, preferably of the type described at the outset, and a drying unit 1. The applicator 13 is used to apply the decor and can also be used to apply the basecoat if no other applicator such. B. a rotary atomizer is to be used. The drying unit 1, on the other hand, is used for drying the base lacquer layer or the decoration in terms of area.

Figur 11 zeigt eine Abwandlung, wobei der Lackierroboter 12 nur den Applikator 13 trägt, während die Trocknungseinheit 1 von einem zusätzlich mehrachsigen Roboter 14 geführt wird. Figure 11 shows a modification, wherein the painting robot 12 carries only the applicator 13, while the drying unit 1 is guided by an additional multi-axis robot 14.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

  • BC Auftrag BasislackBC application basecoat
  • CC Auftrag KlarlackCC order clear coat
  • DC Auftrag DekorDC order decor
  • F RestfeuchtegradF Degree of residual moisture
  • F1 Restfeuchtegrad nach der flächenmäßig begrenzten TrocknungF1 Residual moisture level after the area-limited drying
  • F2 Restfeuchtegrad nach der flächenmäßig unbegrenzten TrocknungF2 Degree of residual moisture after unlimited drying
  • PTR Flächenmäßig begrenzte TrocknungPTR Limited drying area
  • TR TrocknungTR drying
  • ZTR ZwischentrocknungZTR intermediate drying
  • 1 Trocknungseinheit1 drying unit
  • 2 Bauteil2 component
  • 3 Basislackschicht3 basecoat
  • 4 Dekor4 decor
  • 5 Trocknungsbereich5 drying area
  • 6 Blende6 aperture
  • 7 Unterdruckglocke7 vacuum bell
  • 8 Trocknungsbereich8 drying area
  • 9 Luftstrom9 airflow
  • 10 Diffusor10 diffuser
  • 11 Luftdüsen11 air vents
  • 12 Lackierroboter12 painting robots
  • 13 Applikator13 applicator
  • 14 Roboter14 robots

Claims (14)

  1. Painting method for painting a component (2) with a decor (4), in particular for painting a motor vehicle bodywork component, comprising the following steps:
    a) applying a base coat layer (3) onto the component (2),
    b) intermediate drying of the base coat layer (3) on the entire component (2), in particular by air drying, for example, with an air temperature of +60°C to +80°C,
    c) applying a decor (4) limited in area on the intermediate dried base coat layer (3), particularly a decorative stripe, a graphic, a contrast surface or a pattern,
    c1) wherein the decor (4) comprises a decor area limited in area on the component (4),
    c2) wherein the decor (4) is applied by an applicator which applies a coating agent sharp-edged and overspray-free,
    d) limited area drying of the decor (4) within a drying region (5; 8) for reducing the content of volatile components, wherein
    d1) the drying region (5; 8) includes the decor area,
    d2) the component (2) is dried only in a limited area within the drying region (5; 8),
    d3) the drying region (5; 8) includes the decor area at least partially, and
    d4) the drying region (5; 8) is moved over the component (2), particularly by means of a drying robot, which moves a drying unit (1) over the component (2),
    e) applying a clear coat layer on the base coat layer (23) and the decor (4).
  2. Painting method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    a) during the limited area drying of the component (2), a first residual moisture level (F1) is achieved,
    b) in that during an unlimited area drying of the component (2), a second residual moisture level (F2) is achieved, and
    c) in that the first residual moisture level (F1) achieved during the limited area drying is essentially the same as the second residual moisture level (F2) achieved with the unlimited area drying, or
    d) in that the first residual moisture level (F1) achieved during the limited area drying is higher than the second residual moisture level (F2) achieved with the unlimited area drying, or
    e) in that the first residual moisture level (F1) achieved during the limited area drying is lower than the second residual moisture level (F2) achieved with the unlimited area drying.
  3. Painting method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that with unlimited area drying and/or with limited area drying, a residual moisture level is achieved which is suitable for achieving a fault-free surface for the subsequent paint application.
  4. Painting method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the unlimited area drying and/or the limited area drying takes place by means of at least one of the following drying methods:
    a) irradiating the component (2) to be dried with radiation, in particular with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with microwave radiation, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation, in particular by means of LEDs, OLEDs, halogen lamps or carbon infrared radiators, in particular with a wavelength of
    a1) 0.8µm-1.2µm,
    a2) 1.2µm-4µm,
    a3) 4µm-10µm, or
    a4) 1-100 cm,
    b) irradiating the component (2) to be dried by electron bombardment,
    c) air drying, in particular
    c1) with cold air in the temperature range from 0°C to +40°C, in particular in the temperature range from +10°C to +25°C, and/or
    c2) with hot air in the temperature range from +40°C to +300°C, in particular in the temperature range from +60°C to +220°C, in particular in the temperature range from +80°C to +160°C, and/or
    c3) with dry air with a relative air humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%, and/or
    d) negative pressure drying, wherein the component (2) to be dried is subjected to a negative pressure.
  5. Painting method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the limited area drying region (5; 8) is masked by a shield (6) so that the radiation or an air stream essentially only impacts upon the drying region (5; 8), and/or
    b) in that the negative pressure drying takes place by means of a negative pressure bell (7) which is guided over the component surface to be dried and generates a locally delimited negative pressure, and/or
    c) in that with the air drying, an air stream is directed through a diffuser (10) onto the component surface to be dried, so that the air stream (9) diffusely impacts upon the component surface to be dried, and/or
    d) in that the diffuser (10) can comprise a wire mesh, porous sintered metal or porous sintered ceramic or porous sintered plastics, and/or
    e) in that with the air drying, an air stream (9) is directed through at least one nozzle (11) onto the component surface to be dried, and/or
    f) in that the at least one nozzle (11) is oriented perpendicularly to the component surface to be dried, or
    g) in that the at least one nozzle (11) is oriented obliquely to the component surface to be dried, or
    h) in that at least one nozzle (11) at the peripheral edge of the drying region (5; 8) is oriented obliquely inwardly and at least one nozzle in the centre of the drying region (5; 8) is oriented essentially perpendicularly to the component surface to be dried, and/or
    i) in that the nozzles are diffusely arranged without symmetry at a plurality of mutually different angles.
  6. Painting method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the component (2) is dried by means of a drying unit (1),
    b) in that the drying unit (1) emits air or radiation,
    c) in that the drying unit (1) has a form which is adapted to the form of the component (2), in particular with
    c1) a planar form of the drying unit (1), and/or
    c2) a convex form of the drying unit (1), and/or
    c3) a concave form of the drying unit (1), and/or
    c4) a form corresponding to the inverse of the form of the component.
  7. Painting method according to claim 6,
    characterised in that
    a) the drying unit (1) is moved together with the applicator (13) along a painting path over the component (2), in particular by means of a multi-axis painting robot (12),
    b) in that on a common painting path, both the drying unit (1) dries the component (2) and also the applicator (13) applies the decorative layer (4), or
    c) in that initially on a first movement path, the drying unit (1) dries the component (2) and then on a second movement path, the applicator (13) applies the decorative layer (4), or
    d) in that initially on a first movement path, the applicator (13) applies the decorative layer (4) and then on a second movement path, the drying unit (1) dries the component (2).
  8. Painting facility for painting a component (2) with a decor, in particular for painting a motor vehicle bodywork component, comprising:
    a) an application apparatus (13) for applying a paint layer (3) onto the component (2), in particular a base coat layer (3),
    b) an application apparatus for applying a limited area decorative layer (4) onto the component (2), in particular a decorative stripe, a graphic, a contrast surface or a pattern,
    b1) wherein the decorative layer (4) comprises a limited area decorative region on the component (2),
    b2) wherein the application apparatus for applying the decor (4) applies a coating agent sharp-edged and overspray-free,
    c) a drying unit (1) for drying the component (2) to reduce the content of volatile constituents,
    c1) wherein the drying unit (1) dries the component (2) only in a limited area within a drying region (5; 8) and
    c2) the drying region (5; 8) at least partially encompasses the decorative region, and
    c3) the drying unit (1) moves the drying region (5; 8) over the component, in particular by means of a multi-axis drying robot which moves the drying unit (1) over the component (1),
    characterised in that
    d) the painting facility is configured and suitable to execute the steps of the painting method according to any of the preceding claims.
  9. Painting facility according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    a) the application apparatus (13) for applying the paint layer (3) and/or the application apparatus (13) for applying the decorative layer (4) is movably guided by a multi-axis painting robot (12), and
    b) in that the drying unit (1) is movably guided by a multi-axis drying robot.
  10. Painting facility according to claim 8 or 9,
    characterised in that
    a) the application apparatus for applying the paint layer (3) and/or the application apparatus for applying the decorative layer (4) is movably guided by a multi-axis painting robot (12), and
    b) in that the drying unit (1) is also mounted on the painting robot (12) and is movably guided by the painting robot (12), and
    c) in that the drying unit (1) is mounted on the painting robot (12), in the movement direction,
    c1) in front of the application apparatus (13),
    c2) behind the application apparatus (13), or
    c3) in front of the application apparatus (13) and behind the application apparatus (13), and
    d) in that the drying unit (1) and the application apparatus for applying the paint layer (3) and/or the application apparatus (13) for applying the decorative layer (4) can be operated simultaneously, and
    e) that the drying unit (1) and the application apparatus (13) for applying the decorative layer (4) are mounted on the painting robot (12) so that during a path movement of the painting robot (12), the decorative layer (4) can be applied and the component (2) can be dried.
  11. Painting facility according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the drying unit (1) uses radiation and/or air and/or negative pressure for drying.
  12. Painting facility according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the drying unit (1) is dimensioned and configured so that a partial or limited area drying is achievable.
  13. Painting facility according to one of the claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the drying unit (1) comprises a shield (6) by means of which radiation or an air stream substantially only impacts upon the drying region (5; 8).
  14. Painting facility according to claim 13, characterised in that, in the drying unit (1) the at least one nozzle (11) is oriented perpendicular to the component surface to be dried.
EP15735854.0A 2014-07-04 2015-07-03 Painting method and painting facility for producing a decorative coating Active EP3164227B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102014009945.8A DE102014009945A1 (en) 2014-07-04 2014-07-04 Painting process and paint shop for decorative painting
PCT/EP2015/001366 WO2016000826A2 (en) 2014-07-04 2015-07-03 Painting method and painting facility for producing a decorative coating

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EP (1) EP3164227B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2017521247A (en)
KR (1) KR102585740B1 (en)
CN (1) CN106470770B (en)
BR (1) BR112016029222B1 (en)
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DE (1) DE102014009945A1 (en)
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CA2948930A1 (en) 2016-01-07
DE102014009945A1 (en) 2016-01-07
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JP2017521247A (en) 2017-08-03
RU2017103639A3 (en) 2018-08-07
KR20170029420A (en) 2017-03-15
RU2669636C2 (en) 2018-10-12
ES2805537T3 (en) 2021-02-12
WO2016000826A3 (en) 2016-03-03
MX2016016175A (en) 2017-10-16
CN106470770A (en) 2017-03-01
US20170182516A1 (en) 2017-06-29
US10933443B2 (en) 2021-03-02
BR112016029222B1 (en) 2021-11-03
CN106470770B (en) 2023-10-17
RU2017103639A (en) 2018-08-06
WO2016000826A2 (en) 2016-01-07
EP3164227A2 (en) 2017-05-10
CA2948930C (en) 2023-01-10

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