EP3153706B1 - Pump - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3153706B1
EP3153706B1 EP15188477.2A EP15188477A EP3153706B1 EP 3153706 B1 EP3153706 B1 EP 3153706B1 EP 15188477 A EP15188477 A EP 15188477A EP 3153706 B1 EP3153706 B1 EP 3153706B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
accordance
seal
spiral
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15188477.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3153706A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Koci
Jonas Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
Original Assignee
Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH filed Critical Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
Priority to EP15188477.2A priority Critical patent/EP3153706B1/en
Priority to JP2016196997A priority patent/JP6509176B2/en
Publication of EP3153706A1 publication Critical patent/EP3153706A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3153706B1 publication Critical patent/EP3153706B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/143Sealing provided on the piston
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/10Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing organic acids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/04Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
    • F04B39/041Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid sealing for a reciprocating rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/02Packing the free space between cylinders and pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B53/162Adaptations of cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F04C18/0223Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving with symmetrical double wraps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C25/00Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
    • F04C25/02Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids for producing high vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C27/00Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C27/005Axial sealings for working fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2220/00Application
    • F04C2220/10Vacuum
    • F04C2220/12Dry running
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2230/00Manufacture
    • F04C2230/90Improving properties of machine parts
    • F04C2230/92Surface treatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/02Light metals
    • F05C2201/021Aluminium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/90Alloys not otherwise provided for
    • F05C2201/903Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/04PTFE [PolyTetraFluorEthylene]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/10Polyimides, e.g. Aurum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pump, in particular a vacuum pump, which comprises at least two conveying elements which are movable relative to one another, at least one seal arranged on one of the two conveying elements and a sliding layer applied at least in regions to at least one of the conveying elements.
  • the invention relates to the use of components provided with a sliding layer and at least one seal for the manufacture of pumps, in particular vacuum pumps.
  • Fluids such as greases or oils can generally be used to seal a delivery chamber of pumps, in particular vacuum pumps.
  • a piston pump for example, basically has a gap between the delivery chamber and the piston. In a fluid-sealed or -lubricated version, this gap is filled with a fluid, usually oil or grease, during the operation of the pump, the fluid acting as a seal between the piston and the delivery chamber.
  • a fluid usually oil or grease
  • the media conveyed by the pump such as gases or vapors
  • Another problem is contamination of the recipient by the fluids used.
  • Scroll pumps have crescent-shaped scoops, which are formed by a rotor with a spiral cross-section in engagement with a similar spiral-shaped stator, the rotor being set into an orbital movement by an eccentric drive. Seals are provided on the spiral end faces to seal the delivery spaces, the end seal of the rotor rubbing against the stator and vice versa.
  • a disadvantage of such sliding or rubbing seals is that, as a rule, due to the constant sliding friction, they are subject to very high wear and often have only a limited service life.
  • the seals in the form of dust can wear off in the scoop chamber after some operating time. This dust can disturb both the function of the pump itself and the function of devices connected to the pump.
  • JP 2001 165972 A describes a pump according to a similar technology.
  • the GB 2 130 685 A describes a piston pump with a coating applied to a body of the piston pump and made of aluminum or magnesium oxide.
  • the coating interacts with a seal made of polytetrafluoroethylene material.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a pump with a sliding seal which overcomes the disadvantages described above or at least represents an improvement over known solutions, in order to increase the service life of the pump.
  • the pump is particularly characterized in that the seal comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene material containing polyimide particles and produced by hot molding and sintering.
  • the seal consists of the polytetrafluoroethylene material.
  • the pump is further characterized in that the sliding layer comprises an oxide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid.
  • the sliding layer is the oxide layer.
  • the sliding contact combination of the polytetrafluoroethylene material used according to the invention and the sliding layer not only increases the service life of pumps in general, but also extends the maintenance intervals provided for replacing seals.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene material used as a seal according to the invention which contains polyimide particles and is produced by means of hot molding or injection molding or extrusion and is additionally subjected to a sintering process.
  • the seal has a very high dimensional stability and thus wear resistance at elevated temperatures on what is due on the one hand to the very low porosity and on the other hand to the finely divided, non-agglomerated polyimide particles.
  • the layers according to the invention have a very low layer thickness tolerance, which is in a range of at most ⁇ 5 ⁇ m , in particular approximately ⁇ 3 ⁇ m .
  • This means that the oxide layer formed has a very flat surface, which results on the one hand in an exact seal in combination with the seal according to the invention and on the other hand low friction, since less unevenness has to be overcome when the two conveying elements move relative to one another.
  • the sliding layer shows only a slight edge effect.
  • These are bone-shaped projections on the edges of the layer, which prevent the exact positioning of the seal on the sliding layer, which is required for an optimal seal.
  • the bumps are basically bumps, they also increase the friction during the movement of the two conveying elements relative to one another. Accordingly, the low edge effect in combination with the dimensional stability of the seal according to the invention also leads to a particularly low wear rate of both the sliding layer and the seal.
  • the pump is a spiral or scroll pump, in particular a spiral or scroll vacuum pump.
  • the conveying elements are then correspondingly two spiral elements that can be moved relative to one another, each spiral-shaped on a carrier have a wall running around an axis with a free end face and are arranged in such a way that the walls engage in a sealing manner to form conveying spaces.
  • the seals are arranged on the free end faces of the walls and the sliding layer is applied to the spiral elements at least in some areas.
  • sliding layers each of which is formed from a seal arranged on the end face and an opposite area of a carrier provided with a sliding layer.
  • a seal is preferably used for a spiral element, the seal preferably being formed in one piece and in particular in the form of a band.
  • the seals can be connected to the free end faces of the walls, for example by gluing or screwing. It is particularly advantageous if the seals are inserted into a groove provided on the free end faces of the walls. If necessary, a further fixation can then be carried out by means of adhesive or screws.
  • the sliding layer is preferably applied to the surfaces of the supports facing the conveying spaces, in particular over the entire surface. It may further be preferred if, in addition, the spiral walls of the two spiral elements are at least partially covered with the sliding layer. The spiral elements can also be completely provided with the sliding layer.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the pump according to the invention is a piston pump, in particular a piston vacuum pump.
  • the conveying elements are then accordingly a cylinder and a piston movable therein, the seal being arranged on the piston and / or a cylinder inner wall and the sliding layer being applied at least in regions to the cylinder inner wall and / or the piston.
  • the sliding contact combination is preferably formed here from a piston-side seal and a cylinder inner wall provided with the sliding layer.
  • the seal is preferably arranged in the circumferential direction on an outer wall of the piston.
  • the seal is preferably formed in one piece and can be attached, for example, by gluing or screwing.
  • the piston outer wall has a groove which partially accommodates the seal. If necessary, the seal can be further fixed in the groove by means of adhesive or screws.
  • the piston can have more than one seal, it being advantageous if one seal is attached to an upper end of the piston outer wall and another to a lower end of the piston outer wall.
  • the sliding layer is preferably applied only to the inner surface of the cylinder.
  • both the outer wall of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder can be provided with the sliding layer.
  • the cylinder inner wall also has a seal, reference being made to the above statements with regard to its fastening.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene material of the seal has a proportion of polyimide particles between 1 and 25% by weight, preferably between 5 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 7 and 15% by weight, in particular between 8 and 12% by weight .-%, on.
  • the information refers to the dry weight of the material.
  • the polyimide particles have an average particle size between 1 and 50 ⁇ m , preferably between 5 and 40 ⁇ m , particularly preferably between 10 and 30 ⁇ m , in particular between 15 and 25 ⁇ m .
  • the particle size is determined by means of laser light scattering or laser diffraction.
  • the particle size is also determined by measuring scanning electron microscope images.
  • the polyimide particles are present in the polytetrafluoroethylene material in particular in finely divided and essentially non-agglomerated form. “Essentially” is to be understood to mean that only a very small number of polyimide particles are present in agglomerates of more than two polyimide particles in the material. In other words, the polyimide particles are embedded homogeneously in a matrix made of polytetrafluoroethylene, with no agglomerates of more than two polyimide particles occurring. The number of agglomerates is determined by evaluating scanning electron micrographs.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene material has a porosity between 0.1 and 5%, preferably between 0.1 and 2%, particularly preferably less than 1%.
  • the porosity is determined on the one hand by means of light microscopic images and on the other hand by means of electrode microscopic images.
  • the homogeneous distribution of the polyimide particles in the polytetrafluoroethylene matrix and the low porosity of the polytetrafluoroethylene material are particularly responsible for its wear resistance. Both parameters can be controlled by the hot molding process, in which the raw material of the polytetrafluoroethylene material is heated directly under pressure in a controlled heated tool, and by the subsequent sintering process. If the porosity is less than 1%, the polytetrafluoroethylene material can have a density of up to 2.10 g / cm 3 .
  • the sliding layer has a layer thickness between 10 and 50 ⁇ m , preferably between 15 and 40 ⁇ m , particularly preferably between 20 and 30 ⁇ m .
  • the layer thickness is determined on the basis of electron microscopic sectional images.
  • the sliding layer is additionally impregnated with a dry lubricant, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • a dry lubricant in particular polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the dry lubricant is stored in the layer and there is no additional layer build-up.
  • the dry lubricant in conjunction with the polytetrafluoroethylene material of the seal improves the sliding behavior and thus reduces friction.
  • the storage of a dry lubricant has the further advantage that the sliding properties are essentially retained in the event of abrasive wear on the sliding layer.
  • the sliding layer can also be coated with a dry lubricant, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, with an additional layer structure occurring here.
  • a dry lubricant in particular polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the additional dry lubricant applied improves the dry lubrication properties of the sliding layer and increases its service life.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene has anti-adhesive properties and thus makes cleaning the surface of the sliding layer easier.
  • the sliding layer can also be post-treated with salt solutions or with hot, in particular demineralized, water. Such treatment closes the pores in the sliding layer and increases their corrosion resistance.
  • the sliding layer preferably has an apparent hardness between 400 and 600 HV 0.025, in particular between 500 and 550 HV 0.025.
  • the hardness is measured using the Vickers (HV) hardness test principle. An indentor in the form of a straight pyramid is pressed vertically into the surface of the sample in question with a predetermined test force. Because the footprint If the pyramid is square, the Vickers hardness can be calculated from the area of the test impression. This is measured with a test force of 0.2452 Newton (HV 0.025). Since the sliding layer can have a porosity between 0.1 and 5% as described above, the hardness is also called apparent or mixed hardness in the present case.
  • the apparent hardness of conventional layers is generally at least 50 HV 0.025 lower.
  • a higher apparent hardness results in higher wear resistance.
  • the abrasion stress is generated by two friction rollers, which are pressed onto the rotating sample with a specified force.
  • the overlay according to the invention exhibited a wear of 12.5 ⁇ m at a force of 10 N (abrasive roller CS 10) only after 90 000 cycles the sample. Under the same conditions, conventional coatings showed this wear after only 60,000 revolutions.
  • the improved chemical resistance of the layer according to the invention compared to conventional layers, in particular formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, could be demonstrated by the salt spray test.
  • the coefficient of friction of the sliding layer is preferably less than 0.9, particularly preferably less than 0.8, in particular approximately 0.73, the coefficient of friction being determined using a pin-disc tribometer.
  • the contact pressure of the tribometer was 5 Newtons at a speed of 6 m / min and 9000 U / min.
  • the sliding layer has a very high surface quality.
  • the mutually movable surfaces without a sliding layer according to the invention have a mean roughness value Ra of approximately 0.2 ⁇ m and an average roughness depth Rz of approximately 1.4 ⁇ m .
  • a slipping layer according to the invention with a typical layer thickness of about 20 ⁇ m is now distinguished in particular by the fact that the average roughness Ra after the application of the sliding layer so as not .mu.m increases more than 1.0, preferably about 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the increase in the average roughness Ra is typically at least 1.5 ⁇ m .
  • the average roughness depth Rz increases with a layer thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m , preferably by less than 0.3 ⁇ m , particularly preferably by less than 0.2 ⁇ m , in particular by less than 0.1 ⁇ m . to. In the case of conventional layers of comparable thickness, the average roughness depth Rz typically increases by at least 0.3 ⁇ m .
  • the delivery elements comprise a base material which is at least partially formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy and on which the sliding layer is applied.
  • the conveyor elements preferably consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the base material is particularly preferably an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type.
  • Aluminum alloys of the type AlMgSiMn, AlMgSiPb or AlZnMg are also advantageous. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have proven to be particularly suitable for being subjected to anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid and for forming a sliding layer according to the invention.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of one or more seals made of a polyimide particle-containing, by hot molding and sintered polytetrafluoroethylene material, and components which are coated, at least in regions, with an oxide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid, for the production of sealingly interacting conveying elements for pumps, in particular for vacuum pumps, as described above.
  • the conveying elements are spiral elements of a spiral or scroll pump or cylinders and pistons of a piston pump movable therein.
  • the spiral or scroll pump 10 shown comprises a work space 23 enclosed by a housing 12 with a drive area 26.
  • An inlet 11 opens into the work space 23, to which a recipient or a further pump stage can be connected.
  • a stationary spiral element 13, which is connected to the housing 12 of the pump 10, and a rotating spiral element 16 are arranged in the working space 23.
  • the spiral elements 13, 16 each comprise a carrier 14, 17 and a wall 15, 18 connected to it and spiraling about a respective axis.
  • the carrier 14 of the fixed spiral element 13 can also be formed as part of the pump housing 12.
  • the outlet 22 of the pump 10 runs axially through the fixed spiral element 13.
  • the spiral elements are arranged in such a way that the walls 15, 18 engage in one another in a sealing manner, with the formation of delivery spaces 24.
  • the spiral walls 15, 18 each have an end face 19 on which a seal 20 is arranged.
  • the seals 20 touch the opposite carrier 14, 17, on which a sliding layer 21 is applied.
  • the sliding layer 21 is additionally impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the spiral or scroll pump Fig. 1 in the area where the seal 20 contacts the carrier 14, 17 provided with the sliding layer 21.
  • the spiral elements 13, 16 are arranged in such a way that the seal 20 is pressed against the carrier 14, 17.
  • the impregnation of the sliding layer 21 is not shown, since the polytetrafluoroethylene is embedded in the sliding layer. There is no additional layer structure. The impregnation promotes the dry lubrication properties of the sliding layer 21 and additionally reduces its wear.
  • the carriers 14, 17 and the spiral walls 15, 18 are each formed in one piece and consist of an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type.
  • the sliding layer 21 is an aluminum oxide layer produced by anodic oxidation in an oxalic acid electrolyte. The sliding layer 21 is applied in particular to all surfaces of the spiral elements 13, 16 facing the conveying spaces 24.
  • the seals 20 are polytetrafluoroethylene, which contains 10% by weight of polyimide particles (based on the dry weight of the seal) and was produced by hot molding and subsequent sintering. The average particle size of the polyimide particles is 25 ⁇ m .
  • an electric motor 31 which comprises a motor stator 30 (winding) and a motor rotor 32 (rotor).
  • the electric motor 31 drives a shaft 33 that defines an axis A W.
  • the rotating spiral element 16 is coupled to the shaft 33 with an eccentric shaft 35, which defines the eccentric axis A E.
  • the axis A W of the shaft 33 and the eccentric axis A E run parallel to one another. Both shafts 33, 35 are supported with bearings 34.
  • the shaft 33 also includes counterweights 36 to ensure that the pump 10 runs smoothly.
  • the shaft 33 rotates, and the eccentric shaft 35 connected to it executes an orbital movement about the axis A W of the shaft 33.
  • the spiral element 16 accordingly carries out a centrally symmetrical oscillation movement on a circular path around the axis A W.
  • the spiral element 16 does not rotate about its own axis A E , which is achieved by rotation prevention mechanisms known to those skilled in the art.
  • This movement creates closed, crescent-shaped delivery spaces 24 between the interlocking spiral elements 13, 16, which continuously reduce their volume towards the inside in the direction of the pump outlet 22. In this way, a gas drawn in via the inlet 11 is compressed.
  • the shape of the funding areas can be in Fig. 3 recognize that shows a section of a cross section perpendicular to the shaft 33 of a spiral pump.
  • the cross-sectional plane runs through the interlocking spiral walls 15, 18 of the spiral elements 13, 16.
  • the pump 10 according to Fig. 1 has a movable spiral element 16, the support 17 of which is provided on one side only with a spiral wall 18, it is a one-sided pump system, which is also referred to as a single-wrap pump system.
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial representation of a spiral or scroll pump with a double-sided pump system.
  • the entire housing, including a drive area, has not been shown.
  • the circumferential spiral element 16 has a carrier 17 which is provided on both sides with spirally extending walls 18.
  • the fixed spiral element 13 comprises a further support 14 with a spiral-shaped wall 15.
  • Both walls 18 of the rotating double-sided spiral element 16 engage with the walls 15 of the fixed spiral element 13 to form conveying spaces 24.
  • the end faces 19 of the walls 15, 18 are each provided with seals 20.
  • the surfaces of the carriers 14, 17 facing the conveying spaces 24 are provided with a sliding layer 21, the sliding layer 21 being additionally impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the double-sided pump system for delivering a fluid has twice the number of delivery spaces 24.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a piston pump 100 according to the invention.
  • a piston 104 fastened to a piston rod 105 is movably mounted in a cylinder 102.
  • the piston 104 and the cylinder 102 together form a delivery space 124.
  • the piston 104 has a seal 120 on both a lower edge 106 and an upper edge 108, which seals against an inner wall 103 of the cylinder 102.
  • the cylinder inner wall 103 is provided with a sliding layer 121 which has also been impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the seal 120 is designed in the form of a narrow band which extends in the circumferential direction around the piston 104.
  • An inner seal leg 120b of the seal 120 is received by a groove 109 arranged on the lower and upper edge 106, 108 of the piston 104, respectively.
  • a free sealing leg 120a extends outside the groove 109 and is angled because it is wider than the distance between the cylinder inner wall 103 and the piston 104.
  • Both the cylinder 102 and the piston 104 are made of an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type.
  • the seal 120 and the sliding layer 121 are designed according to the invention, as described above, in particular with reference to Fig. 2 , is described.
  • the piston 104 rises and falls, the delivery chamber 124 being reduced and enlarged accordingly and a fluid being sucked in or expelled with timed opening and closing of valves (not shown).
  • the free legs 120a of the seals 120 which bear against the inner wall 103 of the cylinder are subject to constant friction.
  • the combination of materials according to the invention from the special sliding layer 121, which has a very smooth surface, and the special, resistant polytetrafluoroethylene seal brings about a reduction in this friction. Firstly, the abrasion on the side of the seal 120 is reduced, which leads to a longer lifespan of the seal and thus to an extension Maintenance intervals. Secondly, the abrasion on the side of the cylinder inner wall 103 is minimized and the service life of the pump 100 is thus extended overall.
  • piston pumps which had a seal and sliding layer designed according to the invention, were compared with structurally identical conventional piston pumps.
  • the conventional pumps had a standard coating formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid.
  • the seals of the conventional pumps consisted either of an unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene material or of a polytetrafluoroethylene material which differed from the embodiment according to the invention with regard to the polyimide content and / or the polyimide particle size.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Pumpe, insbesondere Vakuumpumpe, die zumindest zwei relativ zueinander bewegliche Förderelemente, mindestens eine auf einem der beiden Förderelemente angeordnete Dichtung sowie eine zumindest bereichsweise auf wenigstens eines der Förderelemente aufgebrachte Gleitschicht umfasst. Zudem betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von mit einer Gleitschicht versehenen Bauteilen und mindestens einer Dichtung zur Herstellung von Pumpen, insbesondere Vakuumpumpen.The present invention relates to a pump, in particular a vacuum pump, which comprises at least two conveying elements which are movable relative to one another, at least one seal arranged on one of the two conveying elements and a sliding layer applied at least in regions to at least one of the conveying elements. In addition, the invention relates to the use of components provided with a sliding layer and at least one seal for the manufacture of pumps, in particular vacuum pumps.

Zur Abdichtung eines Förderraumes von Pumpen, insbesondere Vakuumpumpen, können generell Fluide wie Fette oder Öle herangezogen werden. Eine Kolbenpumpe beispielsweise weist grundsätzlich einen Spalt zwischen dem Förderraum und dem Kolben auf. Dieser Spalt wird bei einer fluidgedichteten bzw. -geschmierten Ausführung während des Betriebs der Pumpe von einem Fluid, meist Öl oder Fett, gefüllt, wobei das Fluid als Dichtung zwischen dem Kolben und dem Förderraum wirkt. Nachteilig bei derartigen Pumpen ist, dass die mit der Pumpe geförderten Medien wie Gase oder Dämpfe mit den als Dichtung eingesetzten Fluiden reagieren können, was insbesondere die Dichtwirkung herabsetzen kann. Ein weiteres Problem besteht insbesondere bei Vakuumpumpen in einer Verunreinigung des Rezipienten durch die eingesetzten Fluide.Fluids such as greases or oils can generally be used to seal a delivery chamber of pumps, in particular vacuum pumps. A piston pump, for example, basically has a gap between the delivery chamber and the piston. In a fluid-sealed or -lubricated version, this gap is filled with a fluid, usually oil or grease, during the operation of the pump, the fluid acting as a seal between the piston and the delivery chamber. A disadvantage of such pumps is that the media conveyed by the pump, such as gases or vapors, can react with the fluids used as seals, which in particular can reduce the sealing effect. Another problem, particularly in the case of vacuum pumps, is contamination of the recipient by the fluids used.

Aus diesem Grund werden vor allem für Vakuumpumpen sogenannte trockene Lösungen bevorzugt, bei denen die geförderten Medien nicht mit Fluiden in Kontakt kommen. Hierbei werden grundsätzlich gleitende oder schleifende Dichtungen aus chemisch beständigen Materialien, üblicherweise Kunststoffe, eingesetzt. Bei einer Kolbenpumpe beispielsweise werden derartige Dichtungen in der Regel am Kolben angeordnet. Während des Betriebes schleift die Dichtung an einer Innenwand eines Zylinders, um den resultierenden Förderraum möglichst hermetisch abzudichten. Ein anderes Beispiel einer üblicherweise ebenfalls trocken, d.h. ohne fluide Schmiermittel, betriebenen Pumpe ist eine Scroll- oder Spiralpumpe. Scrollpumpen weisen sichelförmige Schöpfräume auf, die durch einen im Querschnitt spiralförmigen Rotor im Eingriff mit einem gleichartigen spiralförmigen Stator gebildet werden, wobei der Rotor durch einen exzentrischen Antrieb in eine orbitierende Bewegung versetzt wird. Zur Abdichtung der Förderräume sind an den Spiralstirnseiten jeweils Dichtungen vorgesehen, wobei die stirnseitige Dichtung des Rotors gegen den Stator schleift und umgekehrt.For this reason, so-called dry solutions are preferred especially for vacuum pumps, in which the conveyed media do not come into contact with fluids. Here, sliding or rubbing seals made of chemically resistant materials, usually plastics, are generally used. In the case of a piston pump, for example, seals of this type are generally used on Piston arranged. During operation, the seal grinds against an inner wall of a cylinder in order to seal the resulting delivery space as hermetically as possible. Another example of a pump which is usually also operated dry, ie without a fluid lubricant, is a scroll or spiral pump. Scroll pumps have crescent-shaped scoops, which are formed by a rotor with a spiral cross-section in engagement with a similar spiral-shaped stator, the rotor being set into an orbital movement by an eccentric drive. Seals are provided on the spiral end faces to seal the delivery spaces, the end seal of the rotor rubbing against the stator and vice versa.

Nachteilig bei derartigen gleitenden oder schleifenden Dichtungen ist, dass diese in der Regel, bedingt durch die ständige Gleitreibung, einem sehr starken Verschleiß unterliegen und oft nur eine begrenzte Lebensdauer aufweisen. Insbesondere kann es im Schöpfraum nach einiger Betriebszeit zu einem Abrieb der Dichtungen in Form von Staub kommen. Dieser Staub kann sowohl die Funktion der Pumpe selbst als auch die Funktion von an die Pumpe angeschlossenen Vorrichtungen stören.A disadvantage of such sliding or rubbing seals is that, as a rule, due to the constant sliding friction, they are subject to very high wear and often have only a limited service life. In particular, the seals in the form of dust can wear off in the scoop chamber after some operating time. This dust can disturb both the function of the pump itself and the function of devices connected to the pump.

Aus der AU 68083 81 A ist eine Pumpe mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt.From the AU 68083 81 A a pump with the features according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

In der JP 2001 165972 A ist eine Pumpe gemäß einer ähnlichen Technologie beschrieben.In the JP 2001 165972 A describes a pump according to a similar technology.

Die GB 2 130 685 A beschreibt eine Kolbenpumpe mit einer Beschichtung, die auf einen Körper der Kolbenpumpe aufgetragen ist und aus Aluminium- oder Magnesiumoxid hergestellt ist. Die Beschichtung wirkt mit einer Dichtung aus Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff zusammen.The GB 2 130 685 A describes a piston pump with a coating applied to a body of the piston pump and made of aluminum or magnesium oxide. The coating interacts with a seal made of polytetrafluoroethylene material.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Pumpe mit einer schleifenden Dichtung bereitzustellen, welche die vorstehend beschriebenen Nachteile überwindet oder zumindest eine Verbesserung gegenüber bekannten Lösungen darstellt, um so die Lebensdauer der Pumpe zu erhöhen.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a pump with a sliding seal which overcomes the disadvantages described above or at least represents an improvement over known solutions, in order to increase the service life of the pump.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Pumpe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a pump having the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Pumpe, bei der es sich vorzugsweise um eine Vakuumpumpe handelt, umfasst

  • zumindest zwei relativ zueinander bewegliche Förderelemente, die derart angeordnet sind, dass sie unter Ausbildung von zumindest einem Förderraum dichtend zusammenwirken,
  • wenigstens eine auf einem der beiden Förderelemente angeordnete Dichtung, und
  • eine zumindest bereichsweise auf wenigstens eines der Förderelemente aufgebrachte, mit der jeweiligen Dichtung zusammenwirkende Gleitschicht.
The pump according to the invention, which is preferably a vacuum pump, comprises
  • at least two conveying elements which are movable relative to one another and which are arranged such that they cooperate in a sealing manner with the formation of at least one conveying space,
  • at least one seal arranged on one of the two conveying elements, and
  • an at least partially applied to at least one of the conveyor elements, interacting with the respective seal.

Die Pumpe zeichnet sich besonders dadurch aus, dass die Dichtung einen Polyimidpartikel enthaltenden, durch Heißformpressen und Sintern hergestellten Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff umfasst. Insbesondere besteht die Dichtung aus dem Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff.The pump is particularly characterized in that the seal comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene material containing polyimide particles and produced by hot molding and sintering. In particular, the seal consists of the polytetrafluoroethylene material.

Ferner zeichnet sich die Pumpe dadurch aus, dass die Gleitschicht eine durch anodische Oxidation in einem Oxalsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten gebildete Oxidschicht umfasst. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei der Gleitschicht um die Oxidschicht.The pump is further characterized in that the sliding layer comprises an oxide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid. In particular, the sliding layer is the oxide layer.

Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Gleitkontaktkombination aus dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff und der Gleitschicht nicht nur allgemein die Lebensdauer von Pumpen erhöht, sondern auch die zum Austausch von Dichtungen vorgesehenen Wartungsintervalle verlängert.Surprisingly, it has been found that the sliding contact combination of the polytetrafluoroethylene material used according to the invention and the sliding layer not only increases the service life of pumps in general, but also extends the maintenance intervals provided for replacing seals.

Dies ist insbesondere auf die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäß als Dichtung eingesetzten Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoffs zurückzuführen, der Polyimidpartikel enthält und mittels Heißformpressen bzw. Spritzgießen oder Strangpressen hergestellt und zusätzlich einem Sinterprozess unterzogen wird. Die Dichtung weist eine sehr hohe Formstabilität und somit Verschleißfestigkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen auf, was einerseits auf die sehr geringe Porosität und andererseits auf die fein verteilten, nicht agglomerierten Polyimidpartikel zurückzuführen ist.This is due in particular to the properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene material used as a seal according to the invention, which contains polyimide particles and is produced by means of hot molding or injection molding or extrusion and is additionally subjected to a sintering process. The seal has a very high dimensional stability and thus wear resistance at elevated temperatures on what is due on the one hand to the very low porosity and on the other hand to the finely divided, non-agglomerated polyimide particles.

In Kombination mit den Eigenschaften der durch hartanodische Oxidation in einem, insbesondere kalten, Oxalsäureelektrolyten gebildeten Oxidschicht ergeben sich besondere Vorteile.In combination with the properties of the oxide layer formed by hard anodic oxidation in a, in particular cold, oxalic acid electrolyte, there are particular advantages.

Im Vergleich zu Oxidschichten, die in einem Schwefelsäureelektrolyten erzeugt werden, weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Schichten eine sehr geringe Schichtdickentoleranz auf, die in einem Bereich von maximal ± 5 µm, insbesondere bei etwa ± 3 µm, liegt. Das heißt, die gebildete Oxidschicht hat eine sehr ebene Oberfläche, woraus einerseits eine exakte Abdichtung in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtung und andererseits eine geringe Reibung resultiert, da weniger Unebenheiten bei einer Bewegung der beiden Förderelemente relativ zueinander überwunden werden müssen.In comparison to oxide layers which are produced in a sulfuric acid electrolyte, the layers according to the invention have a very low layer thickness tolerance, which is in a range of at most ± 5 μm , in particular approximately ± 3 μm . This means that the oxide layer formed has a very flat surface, which results on the one hand in an exact seal in combination with the seal according to the invention and on the other hand low friction, since less unevenness has to be overcome when the two conveying elements move relative to one another.

Zudem zeigt die Gleitschicht nur einen geringen Kanteneffekt. Dabei handelt es sich um knochenförmige Aufwerfungen an den Kanten der Schicht, die eine für eine optimale Abdichtung erforderliche exakte Positionierung der Dichtung auf der Gleitschicht verhindern. Da es sich bei den Aufwerfungen grundsätzlich um Unebenheiten handelt, erhöhen diese ebenfalls die Reibung während der Bewegung der beiden Förderelemente relativ zueinander. Auch der geringe Kanteneffekt führt demnach in Kombination mit der Formstabilität der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtung zu einer besonders geringen Verschleißrate sowohl der Gleitschicht als auch der Dichtung.In addition, the sliding layer shows only a slight edge effect. These are bone-shaped projections on the edges of the layer, which prevent the exact positioning of the seal on the sliding layer, which is required for an optimal seal. Since the bumps are basically bumps, they also increase the friction during the movement of the two conveying elements relative to one another. Accordingly, the low edge effect in combination with the dimensional stability of the seal according to the invention also leads to a particularly low wear rate of both the sliding layer and the seal.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn es sich bei der Pumpe um eine Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe, insbesondere Spiral- oder Scrollvakuumpumpe, handelt. Bei den Förderelementen handelt es sich dann entsprechend um zwei relativ zueinander bewegbare Spiralelemente, die jeweils auf einem Träger eine spiralförmig um eine Achse verlaufende Wand mit einer freien Stirnseite aufweisen und derart angeordnet sind, dass die Wände unter Ausbildung von Förderräumen dichtend ineinandergreifen. Die Dichtungen sind in dieser Ausführungsform auf den freien Stirnseiten der Wände angeordnet und die Gleitschicht ist zumindest bereichsweise auf die Spiralelemente aufgebracht.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the pump is a spiral or scroll pump, in particular a spiral or scroll vacuum pump. The conveying elements are then correspondingly two spiral elements that can be moved relative to one another, each spiral-shaped on a carrier have a wall running around an axis with a free end face and are arranged in such a way that the walls engage in a sealing manner to form conveying spaces. In this embodiment, the seals are arranged on the free end faces of the walls and the sliding layer is applied to the spiral elements at least in some areas.

Es existieren demnach zwei Gleitschichtkombinationen, die jeweils aus einer stirnseitig angeordneten Dichtung und einem gegenüberliegenden, mit einer Gleitschicht versehenen Bereich eines Trägers gebildet werden.Accordingly, there are two combinations of sliding layers, each of which is formed from a seal arranged on the end face and an opposite area of a carrier provided with a sliding layer.

Vorzugsweise wird eine Dichtung für ein Spiralelement eingesetzt, wobei die Dichtung bevorzugt einstückig und insbesondere bandförmig ausgebildet ist. Die Dichtungen können beispielsweise durch Kleben oder Schrauben mit den freien Stirnseiten der Wände verbunden sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Dichtungen in eine auf den freien Stirnseiten der Wände vorgesehene Nut eingesteckt werden. Gegebenenfalls kann dann eine weitere Fixierung mittels Kleben oder Schrauben erfolgen.A seal is preferably used for a spiral element, the seal preferably being formed in one piece and in particular in the form of a band. The seals can be connected to the free end faces of the walls, for example by gluing or screwing. It is particularly advantageous if the seals are inserted into a groove provided on the free end faces of the walls. If necessary, a further fixation can then be carried out by means of adhesive or screws.

Die Gleitschicht ist vorzugsweise auf den den Förderräumen zugewandten Flächen der Träger, insbesondere vollflächig, aufgebracht. Es kann ferner bevorzugt sein, wenn zudem die spiralförmig verlaufenden Wände der beiden Spiralelemente zumindest teilweise mit der Gleitschicht bedeckt sind. Die Spiralelemente können auch komplett mit der Gleitschicht versehen sein.The sliding layer is preferably applied to the surfaces of the supports facing the conveying spaces, in particular over the entire surface. It may further be preferred if, in addition, the spiral walls of the two spiral elements are at least partially covered with the sliding layer. The spiral elements can also be completely provided with the sliding layer.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Pumpe ist eine Kolbenpumpe, insbesondere Kolbenvakuumpumpe. Bei den Förderelementen handelt es sich dann entsprechend um einen Zylinder und einen darin bewegbaren Kolben, wobei die Dichtung am Kolben und/oder einer Zylinderinnenwand angeordnet ist und wobei die Gleitschicht zumindest bereichsweise auf die Zylinderinnenwand und/oder den Kolben aufgebracht ist.A further advantageous embodiment of the pump according to the invention is a piston pump, in particular a piston vacuum pump. The conveying elements are then accordingly a cylinder and a piston movable therein, the seal being arranged on the piston and / or a cylinder inner wall and the sliding layer being applied at least in regions to the cylinder inner wall and / or the piston.

Die Gleitkontaktkombination wird hier vorzugsweise aus einer kolbenseitigen Dichtung und einer mit der Gleitschicht versehenen Zylinderinnenwand gebildet.The sliding contact combination is preferably formed here from a piston-side seal and a cylinder inner wall provided with the sliding layer.

Vorzugsweise ist die Dichtung in Umfangsrichtung an einer Außenwand des Kolbens angeordnet. Die Dichtung ist bevorzugt einstückig ausgebildet und kann beispielsweise durch Kleben oder Schrauben befestigt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist allerdings, wenn die Kolbenaußenwand über eine Nut verfügt, welche die Dichtung teilweise aufnimmt. In der Nut kann die Dichtung gegebenenfalls mittels Kleben oder Schrauben weiter fixiert werden. Der Kolben kann mehr als eine Dichtung aufweisen, wobei es vorteilhaft ist, wenn eine Dichtung an einem oberen Ende der Kolbenaußenwand und eine weitere an einem unteren Ende der Kolbenaußenwand angebracht ist.The seal is preferably arranged in the circumferential direction on an outer wall of the piston. The seal is preferably formed in one piece and can be attached, for example, by gluing or screwing. However, it is particularly advantageous if the piston outer wall has a groove which partially accommodates the seal. If necessary, the seal can be further fixed in the groove by means of adhesive or screws. The piston can have more than one seal, it being advantageous if one seal is attached to an upper end of the piston outer wall and another to a lower end of the piston outer wall.

Die Gleitschicht ist vorzugsweise nur auf die Innenfläche des Zylinders aufgebracht. Grundsätzlich können jedoch sowohl die Außenwand des Kolbens als auch die Innenfläche des Zylinders mit der Gleitschicht versehen sein. Ferner ist es denkbar, dass auch die Zylinderinnenwand eine Dichtung aufweist, wobei in Bezug auf deren Befestigung auf die obigen Ausführungen verwiesen werden kann.The sliding layer is preferably applied only to the inner surface of the cylinder. In principle, however, both the outer wall of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder can be provided with the sliding layer. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cylinder inner wall also has a seal, reference being made to the above statements with regard to its fastening.

In einer Ausführungsform weist der Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff der Dichtung einen Anteil an Polyimidpartikeln zwischen 1 und 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 7 und 15 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 8 und 12 Gew.-%, auf. Die Angaben beziehen sich auf das Trockengewicht des Werkstoffs.In one embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene material of the seal has a proportion of polyimide particles between 1 and 25% by weight, preferably between 5 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 7 and 15% by weight, in particular between 8 and 12% by weight .-%, on. The information refers to the dry weight of the material.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weisen die Polyimidpartikel eine mittlere Teilchengröße zwischen 1 und 50 µm, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 40 µm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 30 µm, insbesondere zwischen 15 und 25 µm, auf.In a further embodiment, the polyimide particles have an average particle size between 1 and 50 μm , preferably between 5 and 40 μm , particularly preferably between 10 and 30 μm , in particular between 15 and 25 μm .

Die Bestimmung der Teilchengröße erfolgt mittels Laserlichtstreuung bzw. Laserbeugung. Ferner erfolgt die Bestimmung der Teilchengröße durch Vermessung rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen.The particle size is determined by means of laser light scattering or laser diffraction. The particle size is also determined by measuring scanning electron microscope images.

Die Polyimidpartikel liegen insbesondere in fein verteilter und im Wesentlichen nicht agglomerierter Form in dem Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff vor. Unter "im Wesentlichen" soll dabei verstanden werden, dass nur eine sehr geringe Anzahl von Polyimidpartikeln in Agglomeraten von mehr als zwei Polyimidpartikeln im Werkstoff vorliegen. Anders ausgedrückt sind die Polyimidpartikel homogen in eine Matrix aus Polytetrafluorethylen eingebettet, wobei keine Agglomerate aus mehr als zwei Polyimidpartikeln auftreten. Die Bestimmung der Anzahl an Agglomeraten erfolgt durch Auswertung von rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen.The polyimide particles are present in the polytetrafluoroethylene material in particular in finely divided and essentially non-agglomerated form. “Essentially” is to be understood to mean that only a very small number of polyimide particles are present in agglomerates of more than two polyimide particles in the material. In other words, the polyimide particles are embedded homogeneously in a matrix made of polytetrafluoroethylene, with no agglomerates of more than two polyimide particles occurring. The number of agglomerates is determined by evaluating scanning electron micrographs.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, wenn der Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff eine Porosität zwischen 0,1 und 5 %, bevorzugt zwischen 0,1 und 2 %, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 1 %, aufweist. Die Bestimmung der Porosität erfolgt zum einen mittels lichtmikroskopischer Aufnahmen und zum anderen mittels elektrodenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen.It is also particularly advantageous if the polytetrafluoroethylene material has a porosity between 0.1 and 5%, preferably between 0.1 and 2%, particularly preferably less than 1%. The porosity is determined on the one hand by means of light microscopic images and on the other hand by means of electrode microscopic images.

Die homogene Verteilung der Polyimidpartikel in der Polytetrafluorethylen-Matrix sowie die geringe Porosität des Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoffs sind insbesondere für dessen Verschleißfestigkeit verantwortlich. Beide Parameter lassen sich durch das Heißformpressverfahren, bei dem das Rohmaterial des Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoffs direkt in einem geregelt beheizten Werkzeug unter Druck erwärmt wird, sowie durch das sich anschließende Sinterverfahren steuern. Beträgt die Porosität weniger als 1 %, kann der Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff eine Dichte von bis zu 2,10 g/cm3 aufweisen.The homogeneous distribution of the polyimide particles in the polytetrafluoroethylene matrix and the low porosity of the polytetrafluoroethylene material are particularly responsible for its wear resistance. Both parameters can be controlled by the hot molding process, in which the raw material of the polytetrafluoroethylene material is heated directly under pressure in a controlled heated tool, and by the subsequent sintering process. If the porosity is less than 1%, the polytetrafluoroethylene material can have a density of up to 2.10 g / cm 3 .

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Pumpe weist die Gleitschicht eine Schichtdicke zwischen 10 und 50 µm, bevorzugt zwischen 15 und 40 µm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 20 und 30 µm, auf. Die Bestimmung der Schichtdicke erfolgt anhand von elektronenmikroskopischen Schnittaufnahmen.In a further embodiment of the pump according to the invention, the sliding layer has a layer thickness between 10 and 50 μm , preferably between 15 and 40 μm , particularly preferably between 20 and 30 μm . The layer thickness is determined on the basis of electron microscopic sectional images.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Gleitschicht zusätzlich mit einem Trockenschmierstoff, insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen, imprägniert. Der Trockenschmierstoff wird dabei in die Schicht eingelagert, und es findet kein zusätzlicher Schichtaufbau statt. Der Trockenschmierstoff in Verbindung mit dem Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff der Dichtung bewirkt ein verbessertes Gleitverhalten und reduziert somit die Reibung. Die Einlagerung eines Trockenschmierstoffes bietet den weiteren Vorteil, dass bei einem abrasiven Verschleiß der Gleitschicht die Gleiteigenschaften im Wesentlichen erhalten bleiben.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the sliding layer is additionally impregnated with a dry lubricant, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene. The dry lubricant is stored in the layer and there is no additional layer build-up. The dry lubricant in conjunction with the polytetrafluoroethylene material of the seal improves the sliding behavior and thus reduces friction. The storage of a dry lubricant has the further advantage that the sliding properties are essentially retained in the event of abrasive wear on the sliding layer.

Ebenso kann es bevorzugt sein, dass die Gleitschicht mit einem Trockenschmierstoff, insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen, beschichtet ist, wobei es hier zu einem zusätzlichen Schichtaufbau kommt. Der zusätzlich aufgebrachte Trockenschmierstoff verbessert die Trockenschmiereigenschaften der Gleitschicht und erhöht deren Lebensdauer. Polytetrafluorethylen besitzt antiadhäsive Eigenschaften und erleichtert somit die Reinigung der Gleitschichtoberfläche.It can also be preferred for the sliding layer to be coated with a dry lubricant, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, with an additional layer structure occurring here. The additional dry lubricant applied improves the dry lubrication properties of the sliding layer and increases its service life. Polytetrafluoroethylene has anti-adhesive properties and thus makes cleaning the surface of the sliding layer easier.

Alternativ kann die Gleitschicht auch mit Salzlösungen oder mit heißem, insbesondere entsalzten, Wasser nachbehandelt werden. Eine solche Behandlung verschließt die Poren in der Gleitschicht und steigert deren Korrosionsbeständigkeit.Alternatively, the sliding layer can also be post-treated with salt solutions or with hot, in particular demineralized, water. Such treatment closes the pores in the sliding layer and increases their corrosion resistance.

Die Gleitschicht weist vorzugsweise eine Scheinhärte zwischen 400 und 600 HV 0,025, insbesondere zwischen 500 und 550 HV 0,025, auf. Die Messung der Härte erfolgt nach dem Prinzip der Härteprüfung nach Vickers (HV). Dabei wird ein Eindringkörper in Form einer geraden Pyramide mit einer vorgegebenen Prüfkraft senkrecht in die Oberfläche der betreffenden Probe eingedrückt. Da die Grundfläche der Pyramide quadratisch ist, kann aus der Fläche des Prüfeindrucks die Vickers-Härte berechnet werden. Vorliegend wird mit einer Prüfkraft von 0,2452 Newton (HV 0,025) gemessen. Da die Gleitschicht wie oben beschrieben eine Porosität zwischen 0,1 und 5 % aufweisen kann, wird die Härte im vorliegenden Fall auch Schein- oder Mischhärte genannt.The sliding layer preferably has an apparent hardness between 400 and 600 HV 0.025, in particular between 500 and 550 HV 0.025. The hardness is measured using the Vickers (HV) hardness test principle. An indentor in the form of a straight pyramid is pressed vertically into the surface of the sample in question with a predetermined test force. Because the footprint If the pyramid is square, the Vickers hardness can be calculated from the area of the test impression. This is measured with a test force of 0.2452 Newton (HV 0.025). Since the sliding layer can have a porosity between 0.1 and 5% as described above, the hardness is also called apparent or mixed hardness in the present case.

Die Scheinhärten herkömmlicher, insbesondere durch anodische Oxidation in einem Schwefelsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten gebildeter, Schichten liegen in der Regel um mindestens 50 HV 0,025 niedriger. Aus einer höheren Scheinhärte resultiert eine höhere Verschleißfestigkeit. Dies konnte in einem Taber-Abraser Test, mit dem sich der Abriebwiderstand verschiedener Materialen ermitteln lässt, gezeigt werden. Bei dem Test wird die Abriebbeanspruchung von zwei Reibrollen erzeugt, die mit einer festgelegten Kraft auf die rotierende Probe gedrückt werden. Die Gleitschicht gemäß der Erfindung zeigte bei einer Kraft von 10 N (Abriebrolle CS 10) erst nach über 90 000 Umdrehungen der Probe eine Abnutzung von 12,5 µm. Herkömmliche Schichten zeigten unter den gleichen Bedingungen diese Abnutzung bereits nach 60 000 Umdrehungen.The apparent hardness of conventional layers, in particular those formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, is generally at least 50 HV 0.025 lower. A higher apparent hardness results in higher wear resistance. This could be shown in a Taber-Abraser test, with which the abrasion resistance of different materials can be determined. In the test, the abrasion stress is generated by two friction rollers, which are pressed onto the rotating sample with a specified force. The overlay according to the invention exhibited a wear of 12.5 μ m at a force of 10 N (abrasive roller CS 10) only after 90 000 cycles the sample. Under the same conditions, conventional coatings showed this wear after only 60,000 revolutions.

Die im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen, insbesondere durch anodische Oxidation in einem Schwefelsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten gebildeten, Schichten verbesserte chemische Beständigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht konnte mit der Salzsprühnebelprüfung belegt werden. Dabei handelt es sich um eine nach DIN EN ISO 9227 standardisierte Prüfung zur Bewertung der Korrosionsschutzwirkung von Beschichtungen. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht kam es erst nach über 2 000 Stunden Einwirkzeit zu ersten feststellbaren Korrosionserscheinungen, während herkömmliche Schichten diese bereits nach der Hälft der Zeit zeigten.The improved chemical resistance of the layer according to the invention compared to conventional layers, in particular formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, could be demonstrated by the salt spray test. This is a standardized test according to DIN EN ISO 9227 for evaluating the corrosion protection effect of coatings. With the layer according to the invention, the first noticeable signs of corrosion only appeared after more than 2,000 hours of exposure, whereas conventional layers showed these after half the time.

Der Reibungskoeffizient der Gleitschicht beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 0,9, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0,8, insbesondere ungefähr 0,73, wobei die Bestimmung des Reibungskoeffizienten mit einem Stift-Scheibe-Tribometer erfolgt.The coefficient of friction of the sliding layer is preferably less than 0.9, particularly preferably less than 0.8, in particular approximately 0.73, the coefficient of friction being determined using a pin-disc tribometer.

Der Anpressdruck des Tribometers betrug dabei 5 Newton bei einer Geschwindigkeit von 6 m/min und 9000 U/min.The contact pressure of the tribometer was 5 Newtons at a speed of 6 m / min and 9000 U / min.

Die Gleitschicht hat eine sehr hohe Oberflächengüte. Üblicherweise weisen bei Vakuumpumpen die gegeneinander beweglichen Oberflächen ohne erfindungsgemäße Gleitschicht einen Mittenrauwert Ra von etwa 0,2 µm und eine gemittelte Rautiefen Rz von etwa 1,4 µm auf. Eine Gleitschicht gemäß der Erfindung mit einer typischen Schichtdicke von etwa 20 µm zeichnet sich nun insbesondere dadurch aus, dass der Mittenrauwert Ra nach dem Aufbringen der Gleitschicht um nicht mehr als 1,0 µm zunimmt, vorzugsweise um etwa 0,5 µm. Bei herkömmlichen Schichten liegt die Zunahme des Mittenrauwerts Ra typischerweise bei mindestens 1,5 µm. Die gemittelte Rautiefe Rz nimmt nach dem Aufbringen der Gleitschicht mit einer Schichtdicke von etwa 20 µm, vorzugsweise um weniger als 0,3 µm, besonders bevorzugt um weniger als 0,2 µm, insbesondere um weniger als 0,1 µm, zu. Typischerweise nimmt bei herkömmlichen Schichten vergleichbarer Dicke die gemittelte Rautiefe Rz um mindestens 0,3 µm zu.The sliding layer has a very high surface quality. Usually, in vacuum pumps, the mutually movable surfaces without a sliding layer according to the invention have a mean roughness value Ra of approximately 0.2 μm and an average roughness depth Rz of approximately 1.4 μm . A slipping layer according to the invention with a typical layer thickness of about 20 μ m is now distinguished in particular by the fact that the average roughness Ra after the application of the sliding layer so as not .mu.m increases more than 1.0, preferably about 0.5 μ m. In the case of conventional layers, the increase in the average roughness Ra is typically at least 1.5 μm . After the application of the sliding layer, the average roughness depth Rz increases with a layer thickness of approximately 20 μm , preferably by less than 0.3 μm , particularly preferably by less than 0.2 μm , in particular by less than 0.1 μm . to. In the case of conventional layers of comparable thickness, the average roughness depth Rz typically increases by at least 0.3 μm .

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Pumpe umfassen die Förderelemente einen Grundwerkstoff, der zumindest teilweise aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildet ist und auf dem die Gleitschicht aufgebracht ist. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Förderelemente aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Grundwerkstoff eine Aluminiumlegierung des Typs AlMgSi. Ferner vorteilhaft sind Aluminiumlegierungen des Typs AlMgSiMn, AlMgSiPb oder AlZnMg. Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen haben sich als besonders geeignet herausgestellt, einer anodischen Oxidation in einem Oxalsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten unterzogen zu werden und eine erfindungsgemäße Gleitschicht auszubilden.In a preferred embodiment of the pump according to the invention, the delivery elements comprise a base material which is at least partially formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy and on which the sliding layer is applied. The conveyor elements preferably consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The base material is particularly preferably an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type. Aluminum alloys of the type AlMgSiMn, AlMgSiPb or AlZnMg are also advantageous. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have proven to be particularly suitable for being subjected to anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid and for forming a sliding layer according to the invention.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von einer oder mehreren Dichtungen aus einem Polyimidpartikel enthaltenden, durch Heißformpressen und Sintern hergestellten Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff, und Bauteilen, die zumindest bereichsweise mit einer durch anodische Oxidation in einem Oxalsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten gebildeten Oxidschicht beschichtet sind, für die Herstellung von dichtend zusammenwirkenden Förderelementen für Pumpen, insbesondere für Vakuumpumpen, wie sie vorstehend beschrieben sind.Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of one or more seals made of a polyimide particle-containing, by hot molding and sintered polytetrafluoroethylene material, and components which are coated, at least in regions, with an oxide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid, for the production of sealingly interacting conveying elements for pumps, in particular for vacuum pumps, as described above.

Insbesondere handelt es sich bei den Förderelementen dabei um Spiralelemente einer Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe oder um Zylinder und darin bewegbare Kolben einer Kolbenpumpe.In particular, the conveying elements are spiral elements of a spiral or scroll pump or cylinders and pistons of a piston pump movable therein.

Die vorstehenden und weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden anhand der nachstehenden Beschreibung der beispielhaften Ausführungsformen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen, in welchen identische Bezugszeichen zur Darstellung identischer Elemente verwendet werden, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine einseitige Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 2
eine Detaildarstellung der Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe aus Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Teildarstellung einer Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung in einem Querschnitt senkrecht zur Achse,
Fig. 4
eine Teildarstellung einer doppelseitigen Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung, und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Kolbenpumpe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
The above and further features and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following description of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which identical reference numerals are used to represent identical elements. Show it:
Fig. 1
a one-sided spiral or scroll pump according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional view,
Fig. 2
a detailed representation of the spiral or scroll pump Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
2 shows a partial illustration of a spiral or scroll pump according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic illustration in a cross section perpendicular to the axis,
Fig. 4
a partial view of a double-sided spiral or scroll pump according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional view, and
Fig. 5
is a schematic sectional view of a piston pump according to an embodiment of the invention.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe 10 umfasst einen von einem Gehäuse 12 umschlossenen Arbeitsraum 23 mit einem Antriebsbereich 26. In den Arbeitsraum 23 mündet ein Einlass 11, an den ein Rezipient oder eine weitere Pumpstufe angeschlossen sein kann.In the Fig. 1 The spiral or scroll pump 10 shown comprises a work space 23 enclosed by a housing 12 with a drive area 26. An inlet 11 opens into the work space 23, to which a recipient or a further pump stage can be connected.

Im Arbeitsraum 23 sind ein feststehendes Spiralelement 13, das mit dem Gehäuse 12 der Pumpe 10 verbunden ist, und ein umlaufendes Spiralelement 16 angeordnet. Die Spiralelemente 13, 16 umfassen jeweils einen Träger 14, 17 und eine mit diesem verbundene, um eine jeweilige Achse spiralförmig verlaufende Wand 15, 18. Der Träger 14 des feststehenden Spiralelements 13 kann auch als ein Teil des Pumpengehäuses 12 ausgebildet sein. Der Auslass 22 der Pumpe 10 verläuft axial durch das feststehende Spiralelement 13. Die Spiralelemente sind derart angeordnet, dass die Wände 15, 18 unter Ausbildung von Förderräumen 24 dichtend ineinandergreifen. Die spiralförmigen Wände 15, 18 haben jeweils eine Stirnseite 19, an der eine Dichtung 20 angeordnet ist. Die Dichtungen 20 berühren den jeweils gegenüberliegenden Träger 14, 17, auf den eine Gleitschicht 21 aufgebracht ist. Die Gleitschicht 21 ist zusätzlich mit Polytetrafluorethylen imprägniert.A stationary spiral element 13, which is connected to the housing 12 of the pump 10, and a rotating spiral element 16 are arranged in the working space 23. The spiral elements 13, 16 each comprise a carrier 14, 17 and a wall 15, 18 connected to it and spiraling about a respective axis. The carrier 14 of the fixed spiral element 13 can also be formed as part of the pump housing 12. The outlet 22 of the pump 10 runs axially through the fixed spiral element 13. The spiral elements are arranged in such a way that the walls 15, 18 engage in one another in a sealing manner, with the formation of delivery spaces 24. The spiral walls 15, 18 each have an end face 19 on which a seal 20 is arranged. The seals 20 touch the opposite carrier 14, 17, on which a sliding layer 21 is applied. The sliding layer 21 is additionally impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Detaildarstellung der Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe aus Fig. 1 in dem Bereich, wo die Dichtung 20 den mit der Gleitschicht 21 versehenen Träger 14, 17 berührt. Insbesondere erfolgt die Anordnung der Spiralelemente 13, 16 derart, dass die Dichtung 20 gegen den Träger 14, 17 gepresst wird. Die Imprägnierung der Gleitschicht 21 ist nicht dargestellt, da das Polytetrafluorethylen in der Gleitschicht eingelagert vorliegt. Ein zusätzlicher Schichtaufbau findet nicht statt. Die Imprägnierung fördert die Trockenschmiereigenschaften der Gleitschicht 21 und vermindert zusätzlich deren Verschleiß. Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the spiral or scroll pump Fig. 1 in the area where the seal 20 contacts the carrier 14, 17 provided with the sliding layer 21. In particular, the spiral elements 13, 16 are arranged in such a way that the seal 20 is pressed against the carrier 14, 17. The impregnation of the sliding layer 21 is not shown, since the polytetrafluoroethylene is embedded in the sliding layer. There is no additional layer structure. The impregnation promotes the dry lubrication properties of the sliding layer 21 and additionally reduces its wear.

Die Träger 14, 17 und die spiralförmigen Wände 15, 18 sind jeweils einstückig ausgebildet und bestehen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung des Typs AlMgSi. Bei der Gleitschicht 21 handelt es sich um eine durch anodische Oxidation in einem Oxalsäureelektrolyten erzeugte Aluminiumoxidschicht. Die Gleitschicht 21 ist insbesondere auf allen den Förderräumen 24 zugewandten Flächen der Spiralelemente 13, 16, aufgebracht. Bei den Dichtungen 20 handelt es sich um Polytetrafluorethylen, das 10 Gew.-% Polyimidpartikel (bezogen auf das Trockengewicht der Dichtung) enthält und durch Heißformpressen und anschließendes Sintern hergestellt wurde. Die mittlere Teilchengröße der Polyimidpartikel beträgt 25 µm.The carriers 14, 17 and the spiral walls 15, 18 are each formed in one piece and consist of an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type. The sliding layer 21 is an aluminum oxide layer produced by anodic oxidation in an oxalic acid electrolyte. The sliding layer 21 is applied in particular to all surfaces of the spiral elements 13, 16 facing the conveying spaces 24. The seals 20 are polytetrafluoroethylene, which contains 10% by weight of polyimide particles (based on the dry weight of the seal) and was produced by hot molding and subsequent sintering. The average particle size of the polyimide particles is 25 μm .

Im Antriebsbereich 26 der Pumpe 10 befindet sich ein Elektromotor 31, der einen Motor-Stator 30 (Wicklung) und einen Motor-Rotor 32 (Läufer) umfasst. Der Elektromotor 31 treibt eine Welle 33 an, die eine Achse AW definiert. Das umlaufende Spiralelement 16 ist mit einer Exzenterwelle 35, welche die Exzenterachse AE definiert, mit der Welle 33 gekoppelt. Die Achse AW der Welle 33 und die Exzenterachse AE verlaufen parallel zueinander. Beide Wellen 33, 35 sind mit Lagern 34 abgestützt. Die Welle 33 umfasst zudem Ausgleichsgewichte 36, um eine optimale Laufruhe der Pumpe 10 zu gewährleisten.In the drive area 26 of the pump 10 there is an electric motor 31 which comprises a motor stator 30 (winding) and a motor rotor 32 (rotor). The electric motor 31 drives a shaft 33 that defines an axis A W. The rotating spiral element 16 is coupled to the shaft 33 with an eccentric shaft 35, which defines the eccentric axis A E. The axis A W of the shaft 33 and the eccentric axis A E run parallel to one another. Both shafts 33, 35 are supported with bearings 34. The shaft 33 also includes counterweights 36 to ensure that the pump 10 runs smoothly.

Im Betrieb der Pumpe 10 dreht sich die Welle 33, und die mit dieser verbundene Exzenterwelle 35 führt eine Umlaufbewegung um die Achse AW der Welle 33 aus. Das Spiralelement 16 führt dementsprechend eine zentralsymmetrische Oszillationsbewegung auf einer kreisförmigen Bahn um die Achse AW aus. Dabei dreht sich das Spiralelement 16 nicht um die eigene Achse AE, was durch dem Fachmann bekannte Drehverhinderungsmechanismen erreicht wird. Durch diese Bewegung entstehen zwischen den ineinandergreifenden Spiralelementen 13, 16 abgeschlossene, sichelförmige Förderräume 24, die ihr Volumen nach innen in Richtung Pumpenauslass 22 immer weiter verkleinern. Auf diese Weise kommt es zu einer Verdichtung eines über den Einlass 11 angesaugten Gases.During operation of the pump 10, the shaft 33 rotates, and the eccentric shaft 35 connected to it executes an orbital movement about the axis A W of the shaft 33. The spiral element 16 accordingly carries out a centrally symmetrical oscillation movement on a circular path around the axis A W. The spiral element 16 does not rotate about its own axis A E , which is achieved by rotation prevention mechanisms known to those skilled in the art. This movement creates closed, crescent-shaped delivery spaces 24 between the interlocking spiral elements 13, 16, which continuously reduce their volume towards the inside in the direction of the pump outlet 22. In this way, a gas drawn in via the inlet 11 is compressed.

Die Form der Förderräume lässt sich in Fig. 3 erkennen, die einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts senkrecht zur Welle 33 einer Spiralpumpe zeigt. Die Querschnittsebene verläuft dabei durch die ineinandergreifenden spiralförmigen Wände 15, 18 der Spiralelemente 13, 16.The shape of the funding areas can be in Fig. 3 recognize that shows a section of a cross section perpendicular to the shaft 33 of a spiral pump. The cross-sectional plane runs through the interlocking spiral walls 15, 18 of the spiral elements 13, 16.

Da die Pumpe 10 gemäß Fig. 1 ein bewegliches Spiralelement 16 aufweist, dessen Träger 17 nur einseitig mit einer spiralförmigen Wand 18 versehen ist, handelt es sich um ein einseitiges Pumpsystem, das auch als Single-Wrap Pumpsystem bezeichnet wird.Since the pump 10 according to Fig. 1 has a movable spiral element 16, the support 17 of which is provided on one side only with a spiral wall 18, it is a one-sided pump system, which is also referred to as a single-wrap pump system.

Fig. 4 zeigt dagegen eine Teildarstellung einer Spiral- oder Scrollpumpe mit einem doppelseitigen Pumpsystem. Auf die Darstellung des gesamten Gehäuses einschließlich eines Antriebsbereiches wurde verzichtet. Im Unterschied zu der einseitigen Ausführung gemäß Fig. 1 weist das umlaufende Spiralelement 16 einen Träger 17 auf, der beidseitig mit spiralförmig verlaufenden Wänden 18 versehen ist. Ferner umfasst das feststehende Spiralelement 13 einen weiteren Träger 14 mit einer spiralförmigen Wand 15. Beide Wände 18 des umlaufenden doppelseitigen Spiralelements 16 greifen mit den Wänden 15 des feststehenden Spiralelements 13 unter Ausbildung von Förderräumen 24 ineinander. Die Stirnseiten 19 der Wände 15, 18 sind jeweils mit Dichtungen 20 versehen. Die zu den Förderräumen 24 gewandten Flächen der Träger 14, 17 sind mit einer Gleitschicht 21 versehen, wobei die Gleitschicht 21 zusätzlich mit Polytetrafluorethylen imprägniert wurde. In Bezug auf die Materialien der Spiralelemente 13, 16 und die Zusammensetzung der Gleitschicht 21 und der Dichtung 20 sowie hinsichtlich der Funktionsweise der Pumpe kann auf die Ausführungen zu den Fig. 1 und 2 verwiesen werden. Im Vergleich zu einem einseitigen Pumpsystem steht bei dem doppelseitigen Pumpsystem zur Förderung eines Fluids die doppelte Anzahl an Förderräumen 24 zur Verfügung. Fig. 4 on the other hand shows a partial representation of a spiral or scroll pump with a double-sided pump system. The entire housing, including a drive area, has not been shown. In contrast to the one-sided version according to Fig. 1 the circumferential spiral element 16 has a carrier 17 which is provided on both sides with spirally extending walls 18. Furthermore, the fixed spiral element 13 comprises a further support 14 with a spiral-shaped wall 15. Both walls 18 of the rotating double-sided spiral element 16 engage with the walls 15 of the fixed spiral element 13 to form conveying spaces 24. The end faces 19 of the walls 15, 18 are each provided with seals 20. The surfaces of the carriers 14, 17 facing the conveying spaces 24 are provided with a sliding layer 21, the sliding layer 21 being additionally impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene. With regard to the materials of the spiral elements 13, 16 and the composition of the sliding layer 21 and the seal 20 as well as with regard to the functioning of the pump, reference can be made to the explanations relating to FIGS Fig. 1 and 2nd to get expelled. Compared to a one-sided pump system, the double-sided pump system for delivering a fluid has twice the number of delivery spaces 24.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpumpe 100. Ein an einer Kolbenstange 105 befestigter Kolben 104 ist beweglich in einem Zylinder 102 gelagert. Der Kolben 104 und der Zylinder 102 bilden zusammen einen Förderraum 124. Der Kolben 104 weist sowohl an einem unteren Rand 106 als auch an einem oberen Rand 108 eine Dichtung 120 auf, welche gegen eine Innenwand 103 des Zylinders 102 schleift. Die Zylinderinnenwand 103 ist mit einer Gleitschicht 121 versehen, die zusätzlich mit Polytetrafluorethylen imprägniert wurde. Die Dichtung 120 ist in Form eines schmalen Bandes ausgebildet, das sich in Umfangsrichtung um den Kolben 104 erstreckt. Ein innerer Dichtungsschenkel 120b der Dichtung 120 wird von einer jeweils am unteren und oberen Rand 106, 108 des Kolbens 104 angeordneten Nut 109 aufgenommen. Ein freier Dichtungsschenkel 120a verläuft außerhalb der Nut 109 und ist abgewinkelt, da er breiter ist als der Abstand zwischen der Zylinderinnenwand 103 und dem Kolben 104. Sowohl der Zylinder 102 als auch der Kolben 104 sind aus einer Aluminiumlegierung des Typs AlMgSi hergestellt. Die Dichtung 120 und die Gleitschicht 121 sind erfindungsgemäß ausgebildet, wie es vorstehend, insbesondere anhand von Fig. 2, beschrieben ist. Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a piston pump 100 according to the invention. A piston 104 fastened to a piston rod 105 is movably mounted in a cylinder 102. The piston 104 and the cylinder 102 together form a delivery space 124. The piston 104 has a seal 120 on both a lower edge 106 and an upper edge 108, which seals against an inner wall 103 of the cylinder 102. The cylinder inner wall 103 is provided with a sliding layer 121 which has also been impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene. The seal 120 is designed in the form of a narrow band which extends in the circumferential direction around the piston 104. An inner seal leg 120b of the seal 120 is received by a groove 109 arranged on the lower and upper edge 106, 108 of the piston 104, respectively. A free sealing leg 120a extends outside the groove 109 and is angled because it is wider than the distance between the cylinder inner wall 103 and the piston 104. Both the cylinder 102 and the piston 104 are made of an aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type. The seal 120 and the sliding layer 121 are designed according to the invention, as described above, in particular with reference to Fig. 2 , is described.

Im Betrieb der Pumpe 100 hebt und senkt sich der Kolben 104, wobei sich der Förderraum 124 entsprechend verkleinert und vergrößert und unter zeitlich abgestimmtem Öffnen und Schließen nicht dargestellter Ventile ein Fluid angesaugt bzw. ausgestoßen wird.During operation of the pump 100, the piston 104 rises and falls, the delivery chamber 124 being reduced and enlarged accordingly and a fluid being sucked in or expelled with timed opening and closing of valves (not shown).

Aufgrund der Auf- und Abbewegung des Kolbens 104 unterliegen die an der Zylinderinnenwand 103 anliegenden freien Schenkel 120a der Dichtungen 120 einer fortwährenden Reibung. Die erfindungsgemäße Materialkombination aus der speziellen Gleitschicht 121, die eine sehr glatte Oberfläche aufweist, und der speziellen widerstandsfähigen Polytetrafluorethylen-Dichtung bewirkt eine Verringerung dieser Reibung. Zum einen wird der Abrieb auf der Seite der Dichtung 120 verringert, was zu einer längeren Lebensdauer der Dichtung und damit zu verlängerten Wartungsintervallen führt. Zum anderen wird der Abrieb auf der Seite der Zylinderinnenwand 103 minimiert und damit die Lebensdauer der Pumpe 100 insgesamt verlängert.Due to the up and down movement of the piston 104, the free legs 120a of the seals 120 which bear against the inner wall 103 of the cylinder are subject to constant friction. The combination of materials according to the invention from the special sliding layer 121, which has a very smooth surface, and the special, resistant polytetrafluoroethylene seal brings about a reduction in this friction. Firstly, the abrasion on the side of the seal 120 is reduced, which leads to a longer lifespan of the seal and thus to an extension Maintenance intervals. Secondly, the abrasion on the side of the cylinder inner wall 103 is minimized and the service life of the pump 100 is thus extended overall.

Bei einem über ein Jahr andauernden Langzeittest wurden Kolbenpumpen, die eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Dichtung und Gleitschicht aufwiesen, mit baugleichen herkömmlichen Kolbenpumpen verglichen. Die herkömmlichen Pumpen wiesen eine durch anodische Oxidation in einem Schwefelsäure enthaltenden Elektrolyten gebildete Standardbeschichtung auf. Die Dichtungen der herkömmlichen Pumpen bestanden entweder aus einem ungesinterten Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff oder aus einem Polytetrafluorethylen-Werkstoff, der hinsichtlich des Polyimidanteils und/oder der Polyimidpartikelgröße von der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung abwich.In a long-term test lasting over a year, piston pumps, which had a seal and sliding layer designed according to the invention, were compared with structurally identical conventional piston pumps. The conventional pumps had a standard coating formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. The seals of the conventional pumps consisted either of an unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene material or of a polytetrafluoroethylene material which differed from the embodiment according to the invention with regard to the polyimide content and / or the polyimide particle size.

Nach einem Jahr wurde der Verschleiß der Dichtung und der Gleitschicht bestimmt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die erfindungsgemäße Materialkombination die geringsten Verschleißerscheinungen zeigte, d.h. den geringsten Schicht- und Dichtungsabrieb. Einige der herkömmlichen Pumpen fielen zudem schon vor dem Testende verschleißbedingt aus.After one year the wear of the seal and the sliding layer was determined. It was found that the combination of materials according to the invention showed the least wear, ie the least layer and seal abrasion. Some of the conventional pumps also failed before the end of the test due to wear.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

1010th
Spiral- oder ScrollpumpeSpiral or scroll pump
1111
Einlassinlet
1212
Gehäusecasing
1313
feststehendes Spiralelementfixed spiral element
1414
Träger des feststehenden SpiralelementsCarrier of the fixed spiral element
1515
spiralförmige Wand des feststehenden Spiralelementsspiral wall of the fixed spiral element
1616
umlaufendes Spiralelement (Orbiter)circumferential spiral element (orbiter)
1717th
Träger des umlaufenden SpiralelementsCarrier of the revolving spiral element
1818th
spiralförmige Wand des umlaufenden Spiralelementsspiral wall of the revolving spiral element
1919th
StirnseiteFace
2020th
Dichtungpoetry
2121st
GleitschichtSliding layer
2222
AuslassOutlet
2323
Arbeitsraumworking space
2424th
FörderraumFunding area
2626
AntriebsbereichDrive range
3030th
Motor-StatorMotor stator
3131
ElektromotorElectric motor
3232
Motor-RotorMotor rotor
3333
Wellewave
3434
Lagerwarehouse
3535
Exzentereccentric
3636
AusgleichsgewichtBalance weight
AW A W
Achse der WelleAxis of the shaft
AE A E
ExzenterachseEccentric axis
100100
KolbenpumpePiston pump
102102
Zylindercylinder
103103
ZylinderinnenwandInner cylinder wall
104104
Kolbenpiston
105105
KolbenstangePiston rod
106106
unterer Randlower margin
108108
oberer Randupper edge
109109
NutGroove
120120
Dichtungpoetry
120a120a
freier Dichtungsschenkelfree seal leg
120b120b
innerer Dichtungsschenkelinner sealing leg
121121
GleitschichtSliding layer
124124
FörderraumFunding area

Claims (14)

  1. A pump (10, 100), in particular a vacuum pump, comprising
    - at least two conveying elements (13, 16, 102, 104) which are movable relative to one another and which are arranged such that they sealingly cooperate while forming at least one conveying space (24, 124);
    - at least one seal (20, 120) arranged on one of the two conveying elements (13, 16, 102, 104); and
    - a slide layer (21, 121) which is at least regionally applied to at least one of the conveying elements (13, 16, 102, 104) and which cooperates with the respective seal (20, 120),
    wherein the seal (20, 120) comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene material which includes polyimide particles,
    characterized in that
    the polytetrafluoroethylene material is manufactured by hot compression molding and sintering; and
    in that the slide layer (21, 121) comprises an oxide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte including oxalic acid.
  2. A pump in accordance with claim 1,
    characterized in that it is a spiral pump or scroll pump (10), in particular a spiral vacuum pump or scroll vacuum pump,
    - with the conveying elements being two spiral elements (13, 16) which are movable relative to one another, which each have a wall (15, 18) on a carrier (14, 17), said wall (15, 18) extending spirally about an axis and having a free end face (19), and which are arranged such that the walls (15, 18) sealingly engage into one another while forming conveying spaces (24),
    - with the seals (20) being arranged on the free end faces (19) of the walls (15, 18), and
    - with the slide layer (21) being at least regionally applied to the spiral elements (13, 16).
  3. A pump in accordance with claim 1,
    characterized in that it is a piston pump (100), in particular a piston vacuum pump,
    - with the conveying elements being a cylinder (102) and a piston (104) movable therein,
    - with the seal (120) being arranged at the piston (104) and/or at an inner cylinder wall (103), and
    - with the slide layer (121) being at least regionally applied to the inner cylinder wall (103) and/or to the piston (104).
  4. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene material has a portion of polyimide particles of between 1 and 25% by weight, preferably between 5 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 7 and 15% by weight, in particular between 8 and 12% by weight, with respect to the dry weight of the material.
  5. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the polyimide particles have an average particle size of between 1 and 50 µm, preferably between 5 and 40 µm, particularly preferably between 10 and 30 µm, in particular between 15 and 25 µm.
  6. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the polyamide particles are included in the polytetrafluoroethylene material in a finely distributed, substantially non-agglomerated form.
  7. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene material has a porosity of between 0.1 and 5%, preferably of between 0.1 and 2%, particularly preferably of less than 1%.
  8. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the slide layer (21, 121) has a layer thickness of between 10 and 50 µm, preferably between 15 and 40 µm, particularly preferably between 20 and 30 µm.
  9. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the slide layer (21, 121) is coated and/or impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  10. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the slide layer (21, 121) has an apparent hardness of between 400 and 600 HV 0.025, preferably between 500 and 550 HV 0.025.
  11. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the coefficient of friction of the slide layer (21, 121) determined by a pin-on-disk tribometer amounts to less than 0.9, preferably to less than 0.8, particularly preferably to approximately 0.73.
  12. A pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the conveying elements (13, 16, 102, 104) comprise a base material which is at least partly formed from aluminum or from an aluminum alloy and to which the slide layer (21, 121) is applied.
  13. A pump in accordance with claim 12,
    characterized in that the base material is an aluminum alloy of the AIMgSi type.
  14. Use of
    - one or more seals (20, 120) composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene material, which includes polyimide particles and which is manufactured by hot compression molding and sintering, and
    - of components which are at least regionally coated by a slide layer formed by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte including oxalic acid
    for the manufacture of sealingly cooperating conveying elements (13, 16, 102, 104) for pumps (10, 100), in particular for vacuum pumps, in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.
EP15188477.2A 2015-10-06 2015-10-06 Pump Active EP3153706B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15188477.2A EP3153706B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2015-10-06 Pump
JP2016196997A JP6509176B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2016-10-05 pump

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15188477.2A EP3153706B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2015-10-06 Pump

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3153706A1 EP3153706A1 (en) 2017-04-12
EP3153706B1 true EP3153706B1 (en) 2020-06-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4174285A1 (en) 2022-12-22 2023-05-03 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Scroll vacuum pump
EP4270732A2 (en) 2023-08-22 2023-11-01 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Scroll vacuum pump with permanent magnet synchronous motor and method for producing scroll vacuum pump

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7166075B2 (en) * 2018-05-31 2022-11-07 サンデン株式会社 scroll compressor
EP3617512B1 (en) * 2018-08-28 2022-11-30 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Rotary vane vacuum pump
EP3940234B1 (en) 2021-09-29 2023-08-23 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pump and method for producing a sliding layer
EP4390130A1 (en) 2022-12-21 2024-06-26 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pump and method for forming seal

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Cited By (2)

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EP4174285A1 (en) 2022-12-22 2023-05-03 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Scroll vacuum pump
EP4270732A2 (en) 2023-08-22 2023-11-01 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Scroll vacuum pump with permanent magnet synchronous motor and method for producing scroll vacuum pump

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JP6509176B2 (en) 2019-05-08
JP2017101655A (en) 2017-06-08

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