EP3151630B1 - Ceramic heater and ignition device provided with same - Google Patents
Ceramic heater and ignition device provided with same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3151630B1 EP3151630B1 EP15798970.8A EP15798970A EP3151630B1 EP 3151630 B1 EP3151630 B1 EP 3151630B1 EP 15798970 A EP15798970 A EP 15798970A EP 3151630 B1 EP3151630 B1 EP 3151630B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- ceramic
- generating resistor
- lead
- ceramic heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 116
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007101 Muscle Cramp Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/027—Heaters specially adapted for glow plug igniters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ceramic heater and an ignition device provided with the ceramic heater.
- a ceramic heater is known as an example of a heater for use in a gas stove, an on-vehicle heating device, a kerosene fan heater, a glow plug of an automobile engine, a heater for preheating of fuel, or the like.
- An example of a ceramic heater is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-156275 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1).
- the ceramic heater disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a ceramic structure, a heat-generating resistor embedded in the ceramic structure, and feeder lines connected to the heat-generating resistor and extending to a surface of the ceramic structure.
- the ceramic heater disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a risk that cracks will be formed in connection portions between the feeder lines and the heat-generating resistor as a thermal stress is generated in the feeder lines and the heat-generating resistor when the ceramic heater is repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment. Thus, it is difficult to increase the long-term reliability when the ceramic heater is repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment.
- JP 2013038003 describes a heater comprising an insulation base body; a resistor buried in the insulation base body and having a folded shape and a pair of leads buried in the insulation base body of which tip sides are connected to the insulation base body and of which rear end sides are lead out of the insulation base body, wherein two interfaces between the resistor and each of the pair of leads are perpendicular to a plane including both axis of the pair of leads, and have the tip sides inclined towards an inner side or outer side in different angles to each other.
- EP2117280 A1 describes a ceramic heater comprising a heat-generating resistor, configured for supplying power to the heat-generating resistor, a ceramic body containing the heat-generating resistor and the lead therein, wherein the heat-generating resistor comprises a connecting portion being connected to the lead and having a width less than the width of the lead, and a main heat-generating portion other than the connecting portion, wherein the lead comprises a recessed portion being located at end portion of the lead, being connected to the connecting portion, and being open at an only one side of the longitudinal direction of the lead and an only one side of the thickness direction of the lead, and wherein at least a part of the connecting portion is located inside the recessed portion.
- the invention is directed at a ceramic heater according to claim 1 and at an ignition device according to claim 7.
- a ceramic heater 10 will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the ceramic heater 10 includes a ceramic body 1, a heat-generating resistor 2 disposed in the ceramic body 1, and leads 3 disposed in the ceramic body 1 and connected to the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the ceramic heater 10 may be used, for example, in a glow plug of an automobile engine, for preheating a fuel, or for igniting a gas stove.
- the ceramic body 1 is a member in which the leads 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 are embedded.
- the durability of the leads 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 can be increased by placing the leads 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 in the ceramic body 1.
- the ceramic body 1 is a member having, for example, a rod shape or a plate shape (each of which may be regarded as a columnar shape).
- the ceramic body 1 includes, for example, a plurality of ceramic layers 11.
- the ceramic body 1 of the ceramic heater 10 is a multilayer body including the plurality of ceramic layers 11.
- the ceramic body 1 is not limited to this. That is, the ceramic body 1 may be integrally formed. Examples of a method for integrally forming the ceramic body 1 include injection molding.
- the ceramic body 1 is made of an electrically insulative ceramic, such as an oxide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, or a carbide ceramic. More specifically, the ceramic body 1 is made of, for example, an alumina ceramic, a silicon nitride ceramic, an aluminum nitride ceramic, or a silicon carbide ceramic.
- the ceramic body 1 made of a silicon nitride ceramic may be obtained by the following method.
- silicon nitride which is the main component, is mixed with 5 to 15 mass% of rare earth oxide, such as Y2O3, Yb203, or Er2O3, which functions as a sintering additive; 0.5 to 5 mass% of Al2O3; and SiO2, the amount of which is adjusted so that the amount of SiO2 in the sintered body is 1.5 to 5 mass%.
- the thus-obtained material is formed in a predetermined shape, and is then fired at a temperature of 1650°C to 1780°C.
- a hot press method for example, may be used in the firing process.
- the length of the ceramic body 1 is set to, for example, 20 to 100 mm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the ceramic body 1 is set to, for example, a rectangle having a thickness of 1 to 6 mm and a width of 2 to 40 mm.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is a member that has a belt shape and that generates heat when a voltage is applied thereto.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is embedded between two ceramic layers 11 of the ceramic body 1 adjacent to each other.
- a voltage is applied to the heat-generating resistor 2
- a current flows through the heat-generating resistor 2
- the heat-generating resistor 2 generates heat.
- the generated heat is transferred through the ceramic body 1, so that the temperature of the surface of the ceramic body 1 increases.
- the heat is transferred from the surface of the ceramic body 1 to an object to be heated, thereby providing the function of the ceramic heater 10.
- the object to be heated that receives the heat from the surface of the ceramic body 1 is, for example, diesel oil to be supplied to a fuel injection device of an automobile diesel engine.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is disposed in a region near the front end of the ceramic body 1.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 has, for example, a bent shape in longitudinal cross section (cross section parallel to the length direction of the heat-generating resistor 2). More specifically, the heat-generating resistor 2 includes two parallel linear portions 21 and a connecting portion 22 that has substantially semicircular or substantially semielliptical inner and outer peripheries and that is bent so as to connect the two linear portions 21.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is bent at a location near the front end of the ceramic body 1.
- the length from the front end of the heat-generating resistor 2 (the front end of the connecting portion 22) to the rear end of the heat-generating resistor 2 (the rear end of each of the linear portions 21) is set to, for example, 2 to 15 mm in the length direction of the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is made of, for example, a material having a carbide, nitride, silicide, etc., of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), etc., as the main component.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 is preferably made of a material having tungsten carbide as the main component. In this case, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic body 1 and that of the heat-generating resistor 2 can be made close to each other.
- Each of the leads 3 is a member that has a belt shape, that is embedded in the ceramic body 1, and one end of which is at a corresponding one of side surfaces of the ceramic body 1.
- the leads 3 are located between two ceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other.
- the leads 3 are electrically connected to the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the leads 3 are used to electrically connect the heat-generating resistor 2 to an external electric power source.
- the number of the leads 3 is two.
- the two leads 3 extend in the length direction of the ceramic body 1 so as to correspond to the two linear portions 21 of the heat-generating resistor 2.
- Each of the leads 3 is bent in a rear end portion of the ceramic body 1 so as to extend to a corresponding one of side surfaces of the ceramic body 1.
- the lead 3 is bent in the rear end portion of the ceramic body 1 by an angle of 90° so as to extend to the corresponding one of side surfaces of the ceramic body 1.
- the leads 3 are made of, for example, a highly heat-resistant metal material, such as W or Mo.
- the leads 3 are made of tungsten carbide, which is the same as the heat-generating resistor 2, in consideration of the coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the width of each of the leads 3 is set to about 1 to 20 mm; the length of a part of the lead 3 extending in the length direction of the heat-generating resistor 2 is set to about 10 to 80 mm; the length of a part of the lead 3 extending, in a direction perpendicular to the heat-generating resistor 2, to a corresponding one of the side surfaces of the ceramic body 1 is set to about 2 to 30 mm; and the thickness the lead 3 is set to about 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ceramic heater 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 taken along line A-A', which passes through connection portions between the heat-generating resistor 2 and the leads 3.
- Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the heat-generating resistor 2.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the resistor 2 and one of the leads 3 illustrated in Fig. 2 .
- each of the leads 3 includes a first portion 31, covering a corresponding end portion of the heat-generating resistor 2, and second portions 32, extending sideways from both sides of the end portion.
- the boundary between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 is not planar, since the lead 3 covers the end portion of the heat-generating resistor 2 and extends sideways from both sides of the end portion in this way. Therefore, cracks are not easily formed in the boundary between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the sideway length W of each of extending portions is greater than the thickness T (shown by a broken line in Fig. 3 ) of the lead 3 at the end portion of an overlapping portion (the first portion 31) in which the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 overlap.
- the end portion of the lead 3 can be located sufficiently far from the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the sideway length W of the second portion 32 may be greater than or equal to twice the thickness T of the lead 3 at the end portion of the first portion 31.
- the second portion 32 can extend thinly in the ceramic body 1. As a result, a thermal stress generated in the ceramic body 1 when the second portion 32 thermally expands can be reduced.
- each of the extending portions (each of the second portions 32) of the lead 3 is smaller than the thickness of the overlapping portion (the first portion 31) of the lead 3 overlapping the heat-generating resistor 2.
- the thickness of the first portion 31 of the lead 3 is set to 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the second portion 32 of the lead 3 is set to 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first portion 31 and the thickness of the second portion 32 can be compared with each other by, for example, comparing the average thickness of the first portion 31 and the average thickness of the second portion 32 with each other.
- the average thicknesses of the first portion 31 and the second portion 32 can be obtained by using, for example, the following method. To be specific, three imaginary lines that quarter each of the first portion 31 and the second portion 32 are drawn in each of the first portion 31 and the second portion 32. Then, the averages of the thicknesses of the first portion 31 and the second portion 32 at positions where the three imaginary lines are drawn are calculated. The averages can be regarded as the average thickness of the first portion 31 and the average thickness of the second portion 32.
- the thickness of each of the second portions 32 gradually decreases as further it gets sideways from the lead 3 at the connection portion between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2.
- a thermal stress is easily concentrated on a part of the second portion 32 near the end thereof, since the thickness of each of the second portions 32 gradually decreases as further it gets sideways.
- the positions where cracks may be formed in the lead 3 can be located away from the heat-generating resistor 2 and the first portion 31. Therefore, the risk that the connection reliability between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 will decrease can be reduced.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 may be disposed between two ceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other.
- cracks that may be formed in the ceramic body 1 can be reduced.
- a stress is easily concentrated on a region between the ceramic layers 11.
- the second portion 32 can absorb the stress generated between the ceramic layers 11 by disposing the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3, which can concentrate the stress on the second portion 32 as described above, between the ceramic layers 11. Therefore, the risk that cracks will be formed between the ceramic layers 11 in the ceramic body 1 can be reduced.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 and each of the second portions 32 may be in contact with one surface of one of the two ceramic layers 11 in the connection portion between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2.
- both the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 can absorb a force when a thermal stress is generated in the ceramic body 1, since the heat-generating resistor 2 and each of the second portions 32 are in contact with the same surface.
- the risk that a force will be applied to only the heat-generating resistor 2 or only the lead 3 can be reduced. Therefore, for example, the risk that cracks will be formed at the interface between the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 can be reduced.
- the heat-generating resistor 2 and each of the second portions 32 may be continuous on one surface.
- the phrase "continuous on one surface” means that, when a cross section passing through the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 is viewed, the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 are in contact with each other on one surface of one of two ceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other.
- gaps from which cracks may develop can be reduced at the interface between the heat-generating resistor 2 and each of the second portions 32, and therefore the risk that cracks will be formed at the interface between the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 can be reduced.
- one of main surfaces of each of the second portions 32 of the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 may be in contact with one surface of one of two ceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other, and the other main surface of the second portion 32 may be convexly curved inward.
- stress can be more easily concentrated on the end portion of the second portion 32.
- positions where cracks may be formed in the lead 3 can be located away from the first portion 31. Therefore, the reliability of connection between the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 can be increased.
- the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2 may be made of a metal material and a ceramic material mixed in the metal material.
- the metal material include WC.
- the ceramic material include Si3N4 and BN.
- the ceramic material content of the second portion 32 may be greater than the ceramic material content of the first portion 31.
- the second portion 32 can be elastically deformed less easily than the first portion 31 when the metal material content of the second portion 32 is smaller than that of the first portion 31 and the ceramic material content of the second portion 32 is greater than that of the first portion 31.
- Examples of a method for making the compositions of the first portion 31 and the second portion 32 differ from each other include a method of forming the first portion 31 and the second portion 32 from different green sheets.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generating resistor 2 may be smaller than that of the lead 3. In this case, after firing, a residual stress remains in such a way that the lead 3 cramps the heat-generating resistor 2. Therefore, the risk that peeling will occur between the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 can be reduced.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generating resistor 2 can be made smaller than that of the lead 3 by using, for example, the following method. To be specific, WC is used as the main component of the lead 3 and the heat-generating resistor 2, and Si3N4, which has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than WC, is added as a subcomponent. In this case, by adding a larger amount of Si3N4 to the heat-generating resistor 2 than to the lead 3, the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generating resistor 2 can be made smaller than that of the lead 3.
- the ceramic heater 10 described above can be made, for example, by using a hot press method.
- a paste which is to become the heat-generating resistor 2 and the leads 3, is stacked on a green sheet, which is to become a part of the ceramic layer 11.
- a part of the paste to become the second portions 32 of the lead 3 and a green paste are made to closely contact each other by applying a small pressure to the part to become the second portion 32.
- another green sheet is stacked on the green sheet so that the heat-generating resistor 2 and the lead 3 are disposed between the green sheets, thereby obtaining a multilayer body.
- the ceramic heater 10 is produced by firing the multilayer body by using a hot-press method.
- the ceramic heater 10 is used in, for example, an ignition device 100 illustrated in Fig. 4 .
- the ignition device 100 includes the ceramic heater 10 and a channel 20 through which a fuel gas is supplied to the ceramic heater 10.
- the channel 20 includes, for example, a gas valve 21 and a gas flow pipe 22 having ejection holes 23.
- the gas valve 21 has a function of controlling the flow rate of the fuel gas.
- the fuel gas supplied from the gas valve 21 is, for example, natural gas or propane gas.
- the gas flow pipe 22 ejects the fuel gas, which is supplied from the gas valve 21, toward the ceramic heater 10 through the ejection holes 23.
- the ejected fuel gas can be ignited by heating the fuel gas with the heater 10.
- the ignition device 100 which includes the ceramic heater 10 having improved long-term reliability, has improved fuel-gas ignition stability. Reference Signs List
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a ceramic heater and an ignition device provided with the ceramic heater.
- A ceramic heater is known as an example of a heater for use in a gas stove, an on-vehicle heating device, a kerosene fan heater, a glow plug of an automobile engine, a heater for preheating of fuel, or the like. An example of a ceramic heater is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2000-156275 - The ceramic heater disclosed in
Patent Document 1 includes a ceramic structure, a heat-generating resistor embedded in the ceramic structure, and feeder lines connected to the heat-generating resistor and extending to a surface of the ceramic structure. - The ceramic heater disclosed in
Patent Document 1 has a risk that cracks will be formed in connection portions between the feeder lines and the heat-generating resistor as a thermal stress is generated in the feeder lines and the heat-generating resistor when the ceramic heater is repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment. Thus, it is difficult to increase the long-term reliability when the ceramic heater is repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment. -
JP 2013038003 -
EP2117280 A1 describes a ceramic heater comprising a heat-generating resistor, configured for supplying power to the heat-generating resistor, a ceramic body containing the heat-generating resistor and the lead therein, wherein the heat-generating resistor comprises a connecting portion being connected to the lead and having a width less than the width of the lead, and a main heat-generating portion other than the connecting portion, wherein the lead comprises a recessed portion being located at end portion of the lead, being connected to the connecting portion, and being open at an only one side of the longitudinal direction of the lead and an only one side of the thickness direction of the lead, and wherein at least a part of the connecting portion is located inside the recessed portion. - The invention is directed at a ceramic heater according to
claim 1 and at an ignition device according to claim 7. - Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
-
-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a ceramic heater. -
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ceramic heater illustrated inFig. 1 taken along line A-A'. -
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a resistor and a lead of the ceramic heater illustrated inFig. 2 . -
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an ignition device including the ceramic heater illustrated inFig. 1 . Description of Embodiments - A
ceramic heater 10 will be described with reference to the drawings. - As illustrated in
Fig. 1 , theceramic heater 10 includes aceramic body 1, a heat-generatingresistor 2 disposed in theceramic body 1, and leads 3 disposed in theceramic body 1 and connected to the heat-generatingresistor 2. Theceramic heater 10 may be used, for example, in a glow plug of an automobile engine, for preheating a fuel, or for igniting a gas stove. - The
ceramic body 1 is a member in which the leads 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 are embedded. The durabilities of theleads 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be increased by placing theleads 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 in theceramic body 1. Theceramic body 1 is a member having, for example, a rod shape or a plate shape (each of which may be regarded as a columnar shape). Theceramic body 1 includes, for example, a plurality ofceramic layers 11. In the example described below, theceramic body 1 of theceramic heater 10 is a multilayer body including the plurality ofceramic layers 11. However, theceramic body 1 is not limited to this. That is, theceramic body 1 may be integrally formed. Examples of a method for integrally forming theceramic body 1 include injection molding. - The
ceramic body 1 is made of an electrically insulative ceramic, such as an oxide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, or a carbide ceramic. More specifically, theceramic body 1 is made of, for example, an alumina ceramic, a silicon nitride ceramic, an aluminum nitride ceramic, or a silicon carbide ceramic. - The
ceramic body 1 made of a silicon nitride ceramic may be obtained by the following method. For example, silicon nitride, which is the main component, is mixed with 5 to 15 mass% of rare earth oxide, such as Y2O3, Yb203, or Er2O3, which functions as a sintering additive; 0.5 to 5 mass% of Al2O3; and SiO2, the amount of which is adjusted so that the amount of SiO2 in the sintered body is 1.5 to 5 mass%. The thus-obtained material is formed in a predetermined shape, and is then fired at a temperature of 1650°C to 1780°C. Thus, theceramic body 1 made of a silicon nitride ceramic is obtained. A hot press method, for example, may be used in the firing process. - When the
ceramic body 1 has a rod shape, more specifically, a rectangular-prism shape, the length of theceramic body 1 is set to, for example, 20 to 100 mm. The cross-sectional shape of theceramic body 1 is set to, for example, a rectangle having a thickness of 1 to 6 mm and a width of 2 to 40 mm. - The heat-generating
resistor 2 is a member that has a belt shape and that generates heat when a voltage is applied thereto. The heat-generatingresistor 2 is embedded between twoceramic layers 11 of theceramic body 1 adjacent to each other. When a voltage is applied to the heat-generatingresistor 2, a current flows through the heat-generatingresistor 2, and the heat-generatingresistor 2 generates heat. The generated heat is transferred through theceramic body 1, so that the temperature of the surface of theceramic body 1 increases. The heat is transferred from the surface of theceramic body 1 to an object to be heated, thereby providing the function of theceramic heater 10. The object to be heated that receives the heat from the surface of theceramic body 1 is, for example, diesel oil to be supplied to a fuel injection device of an automobile diesel engine. - The heat-generating
resistor 2 is disposed in a region near the front end of theceramic body 1. The heat-generatingresistor 2 has, for example, a bent shape in longitudinal cross section (cross section parallel to the length direction of the heat-generating resistor 2). More specifically, the heat-generatingresistor 2 includes two parallellinear portions 21 and a connectingportion 22 that has substantially semicircular or substantially semielliptical inner and outer peripheries and that is bent so as to connect the twolinear portions 21. The heat-generatingresistor 2 is bent at a location near the front end of theceramic body 1. The length from the front end of the heat-generating resistor 2 (the front end of the connecting portion 22) to the rear end of the heat-generating resistor 2 (the rear end of each of the linear portions 21) is set to, for example, 2 to 15 mm in the length direction of the heat-generatingresistor 2. - The heat-generating
resistor 2 is made of, for example, a material having a carbide, nitride, silicide, etc., of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), etc., as the main component. When theceramic body 1 is made of a silicon nitride ceramic, the heat-generatingresistor 2 is preferably made of a material having tungsten carbide as the main component. In this case, the coefficient of thermal expansion of theceramic body 1 and that of the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be made close to each other. - Each of the
leads 3 is a member that has a belt shape, that is embedded in theceramic body 1, and one end of which is at a corresponding one of side surfaces of theceramic body 1. Theleads 3 are located between twoceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other. Theleads 3 are electrically connected to the heat-generatingresistor 2. Theleads 3 are used to electrically connect the heat-generatingresistor 2 to an external electric power source. - The number of the
leads 3 is two. The two leads 3 extend in the length direction of theceramic body 1 so as to correspond to the twolinear portions 21 of the heat-generatingresistor 2. Each of theleads 3 is bent in a rear end portion of theceramic body 1 so as to extend to a corresponding one of side surfaces of theceramic body 1. Thelead 3 is bent in the rear end portion of theceramic body 1 by an angle of 90° so as to extend to the corresponding one of side surfaces of theceramic body 1. - The
leads 3 are made of, for example, a highly heat-resistant metal material, such as W or Mo. In particular, preferably, theleads 3 are made of tungsten carbide, which is the same as the heat-generatingresistor 2, in consideration of the coefficient of thermal expansion. For example, the width of each of theleads 3 is set to about 1 to 20 mm; the length of a part of thelead 3 extending in the length direction of the heat-generatingresistor 2 is set to about 10 to 80 mm; the length of a part of thelead 3 extending, in a direction perpendicular to the heat-generatingresistor 2, to a corresponding one of the side surfaces of theceramic body 1 is set to about 2 to 30 mm; and the thickness thelead 3 is set to about 10 to 50 µm. -
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of theceramic heater 10 illustrated inFig. 1 taken along line A-A', which passes through connection portions between the heat-generatingresistor 2 and theleads 3.Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section perpendicular to the main surface of the heat-generatingresistor 2. InFig. 2 , the boundaries between the plurality ofceramic layers 11 are shown by dotted lines.Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of theresistor 2 and one of theleads 3 illustrated inFig. 2 . As illustrated inFigs. 2 and3 , each of theleads 3 includes afirst portion 31, covering a corresponding end portion of the heat-generatingresistor 2, andsecond portions 32, extending sideways from both sides of the end portion. The boundary between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 is not planar, since thelead 3 covers the end portion of the heat-generatingresistor 2 and extends sideways from both sides of the end portion in this way. Therefore, cracks are not easily formed in the boundary between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2. In particular, the sideway length W of each of extending portions (each of the second portions 32) is greater than the thickness T (shown by a broken line inFig. 3 ) of thelead 3 at the end portion of an overlapping portion (the first portion 31) in which thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 overlap. Thus, the end portion of thelead 3 can be located sufficiently far from the heat-generatingresistor 2. Therefore, if cracks are formed at an end of thesecond portion 32, the risk that the cracks will extend into a space between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be reduced. In particular, the sideway length W of thesecond portion 32 may be greater than or equal to twice the thickness T of thelead 3 at the end portion of thefirst portion 31. In this case, thesecond portion 32 can extend thinly in theceramic body 1. As a result, a thermal stress generated in theceramic body 1 when thesecond portion 32 thermally expands can be reduced. - The thickness of each of the extending portions (each of the second portions 32) of the
lead 3 is smaller than the thickness of the overlapping portion (the first portion 31) of thelead 3 overlapping the heat-generatingresistor 2. Thus, when a thermal stress is generated in the heat-generatingresistor 2, the thermal stress is easily concentrated on the extending portion. - Therefore, the possibility that cracks will be formed in the overlapping portion (the first portion 31) of the
lead 3 overlapping the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be reduced. As a result, the long-term reliability when theceramic heater 10 is repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment can be increased. For example, the thickness of thefirst portion 31 of thelead 3 is set to 5 to 50 µm, and the thickness of thesecond portion 32 of thelead 3 is set to 0.5 to 10 µm. - The thickness of the
first portion 31 and the thickness of thesecond portion 32 can be compared with each other by, for example, comparing the average thickness of thefirst portion 31 and the average thickness of thesecond portion 32 with each other. The average thicknesses of thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32 can be obtained by using, for example, the following method. To be specific, three imaginary lines that quarter each of thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32 are drawn in each of thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32. Then, the averages of the thicknesses of thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32 at positions where the three imaginary lines are drawn are calculated. The averages can be regarded as the average thickness of thefirst portion 31 and the average thickness of thesecond portion 32. - Preferably, as illustrated in
Figs. 2 and3 , the thickness of each of thesecond portions 32 gradually decreases as further it gets sideways from thelead 3 at the connection portion between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2. In this case, a thermal stress is easily concentrated on a part of thesecond portion 32 near the end thereof, since the thickness of each of thesecond portions 32 gradually decreases as further it gets sideways. Thus, even when a thermal stress is generated in thelead 3, the positions where cracks may be formed in thelead 3 can be located away from the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thefirst portion 31. Therefore, the risk that the connection reliability between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 will decrease can be reduced. - As illustrated in
Figs. 2 and3 , the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 may be disposed between twoceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other. Thus, cracks that may be formed in theceramic body 1 can be reduced. In theceramic body 1, in particular, a stress is easily concentrated on a region between the ceramic layers 11. Thesecond portion 32 can absorb the stress generated between theceramic layers 11 by disposing the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3, which can concentrate the stress on thesecond portion 32 as described above, between the ceramic layers 11. Therefore, the risk that cracks will be formed between theceramic layers 11 in theceramic body 1 can be reduced. - The heat-generating
resistor 2 and each of thesecond portions 32 may be in contact with one surface of one of the twoceramic layers 11 in the connection portion between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2. In this case, both the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 can absorb a force when a thermal stress is generated in theceramic body 1, since the heat-generatingresistor 2 and each of thesecond portions 32 are in contact with the same surface. In other words, the risk that a force will be applied to only the heat-generatingresistor 2 or only thelead 3 can be reduced. Therefore, for example, the risk that cracks will be formed at the interface between the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 can be reduced. - The heat-generating
resistor 2 and each of thesecond portions 32 may be continuous on one surface. The phrase "continuous on one surface" means that, when a cross section passing through the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 is viewed, the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 are in contact with each other on one surface of one of twoceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other. Thus, gaps from which cracks may develop can be reduced at the interface between the heat-generatingresistor 2 and each of thesecond portions 32, and therefore the risk that cracks will be formed at the interface between the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 can be reduced. - As illustrated in
Figs. 2 and3 , one of main surfaces of each of thesecond portions 32 of thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 may be in contact with one surface of one of twoceramic layers 11 adjacent to each other, and the other main surface of thesecond portion 32 may be convexly curved inward. In this case, stress can be more easily concentrated on the end portion of thesecond portion 32. As a result, even when a thermal stress is generated in thesecond portion 32, positions where cracks may be formed in thelead 3 can be located away from thefirst portion 31. Therefore, the reliability of connection between thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be increased. - The
lead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2 may be made of a metal material and a ceramic material mixed in the metal material. Examples of the metal material include WC. Examples of the ceramic material include Si3N4 and BN. In this case, the ceramic material content of thesecond portion 32 may be greater than the ceramic material content of thefirst portion 31. Thus, when a stress is applied to the entirety of thelead 3, cracks can be allowed to be formed more easily in thesecond portion 32 than in thefirst portion 31. This is because, thesecond portion 32 can be elastically deformed less easily than thefirst portion 31 when the metal material content of thesecond portion 32 is smaller than that of thefirst portion 31 and the ceramic material content of thesecond portion 32 is greater than that of thefirst portion 31. Examples of a method for making the compositions of thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32 differ from each other include a method of forming thefirst portion 31 and thesecond portion 32 from different green sheets. - The thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generating
resistor 2 may be smaller than that of thelead 3. In this case, after firing, a residual stress remains in such a way that thelead 3 cramps the heat-generatingresistor 2. Therefore, the risk that peeling will occur between the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 can be reduced. The thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be made smaller than that of thelead 3 by using, for example, the following method. To be specific, WC is used as the main component of thelead 3 and the heat-generatingresistor 2, and Si3N4, which has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than WC, is added as a subcomponent. In this case, by adding a larger amount of Si3N4 to the heat-generatingresistor 2 than to thelead 3, the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-generatingresistor 2 can be made smaller than that of thelead 3. - The
ceramic heater 10 described above can be made, for example, by using a hot press method. To be specific, a paste, which is to become the heat-generatingresistor 2 and theleads 3, is stacked on a green sheet, which is to become a part of theceramic layer 11. In doing so, in order to make thesecond portions 32 of thelead 3 to extend sideways from both sides of the heat-generatingresistor 2, a part of the paste to become thesecond portions 32 of thelead 3 and a green paste are made to closely contact each other by applying a small pressure to the part to become thesecond portion 32. Subsequently, another green sheet is stacked on the green sheet so that the heat-generatingresistor 2 and thelead 3 are disposed between the green sheets, thereby obtaining a multilayer body. Subsequently, theceramic heater 10 is produced by firing the multilayer body by using a hot-press method. - The
ceramic heater 10 is used in, for example, anignition device 100 illustrated inFig. 4 . Theignition device 100 includes theceramic heater 10 and achannel 20 through which a fuel gas is supplied to theceramic heater 10. Thechannel 20 includes, for example, agas valve 21 and agas flow pipe 22 having ejection holes 23. Thegas valve 21 has a function of controlling the flow rate of the fuel gas. The fuel gas supplied from thegas valve 21 is, for example, natural gas or propane gas. Thegas flow pipe 22 ejects the fuel gas, which is supplied from thegas valve 21, toward theceramic heater 10 through the ejection holes 23. The ejected fuel gas can be ignited by heating the fuel gas with theheater 10. Theignition device 100, which includes theceramic heater 10 having improved long-term reliability, has improved fuel-gas ignition stability. Reference Signs List -
- 1
- ceramic body
- 11
- ceramic layer
- 2
- heat-generating resistor
- 21
- linear portion
- 22
- connecting portion
- 3
- lead
- 31
- first portion
- 32
- second portion
- 10
- ceramic heater
- 100
- ignition device
Claims (7)
- A ceramic heater (10) comprising:a ceramic body (1);a heat-generating resistor (2) embedded in the ceramic body (1) and having an elongated shape; anda lead(3) embedded in the ceramic body (1), connected to an end portion of the heat-generating resistor (2), and having an elongated shape,wherein the lead (3) comprises:a first portion (31) covering the corresponding end portion of the heat-generating resistor (2) at a connection portion between the lead (3) and the heat-generating resistor (2); andsecond portions (32) extending sideways from both sides of the end portion,wherein a thickness of each of the second portions is smaller than a thickness of the first portion; andwherein a sideway length W of the each of the second portions (32) is greater than a thickness T of the first portion (31) at an end portion thereof.
- The ceramic heater (10) according to Claim 1, wherein the thickness of each of the second portions (32) gradually decreases as further it gets sideways from the lead (3) at the connection portion between the lead (3) and the heat-generating resistor (2).
- The ceramic heater (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the ceramic body (1) is a multilayer body comprising a plurality of ceramic layers (11).
- The ceramic heater (10) according to Claim 3, wherein the heat-generating resistor (2) and the lead (3) are disposed between two ceramic layers (11) adjacent to each other.
- The ceramic heater (10) according to Claim 4, wherein the heat-generating resistor (2) and each of the second portions (32) are in contact with one surface of one of the two ceramic layers (11).
- The ceramic heater (10) according to Claim 5, wherein the heat-generating resistor (2) and each of the second portions (32) are continuous on the one surface.
- An ignition device comprising:the ceramic heater (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6; anda channel (20) through which fuel gas flows to the ceramic body (1) included in the ceramic heater (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014109198 | 2014-05-27 | ||
PCT/JP2015/064851 WO2015182535A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-05-25 | Ceramic heater and ignition device provided with same |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3151630A1 EP3151630A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3151630A4 EP3151630A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
EP3151630B1 true EP3151630B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
Family
ID=54698866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15798970.8A Active EP3151630B1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-05-25 | Ceramic heater and ignition device provided with same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3151630B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6027293B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106233819B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015182535A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6673644B2 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2020-03-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01272078A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-31 | Rinnai Corp | Ceramic heater |
JPH03149791A (en) * | 1989-11-04 | 1991-06-26 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ceramic heater |
JPH0429192U (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-03-09 | ||
JPH05182746A (en) * | 1991-12-28 | 1993-07-23 | Rohm Co Ltd | Heater |
JP2000268944A (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-09-29 | Denso Corp | Ceramic heater, its manufacture, and gas sensor |
JP2001227744A (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-24 | Denso Corp | Ceramic glow plug |
JP4605932B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2011-01-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | Contact heating device |
JP4342273B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2009-10-14 | 京セラ株式会社 | Laminated sintered body, ceramic heater, gas sensor element, method for producing laminated sintered body, and method for producing gas sensor element. |
JP4884103B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2012-02-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic heater and gas sensor element |
JP2007227063A (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-09-06 | Kyocera Corp | Ceramic heater |
CN101647314B (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2012-05-23 | 京瓷株式会社 | Ceramic heater, glow plug using the ceramic heater, and ceramic heater manufacturing method |
JP5701979B2 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2015-04-15 | 京セラ株式会社 | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same |
JP5721584B2 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2015-05-20 | 京セラ株式会社 | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same |
JP2013051070A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-14 | Denso Corp | Ceramic heater and gas sensor element |
-
2015
- 2015-05-25 EP EP15798970.8A patent/EP3151630B1/en active Active
- 2015-05-25 WO PCT/JP2015/064851 patent/WO2015182535A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-25 CN CN201580022106.4A patent/CN106233819B/en active Active
- 2015-05-25 JP JP2016523479A patent/JP6027293B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106233819A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
WO2015182535A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
JPWO2015182535A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
JP6027293B2 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP3151630A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
CN106233819B (en) | 2019-07-05 |
EP3151630A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101647314B (en) | Ceramic heater, glow plug using the ceramic heater, and ceramic heater manufacturing method | |
JP6247375B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP5436675B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
US7675005B2 (en) | Ceramic igniter | |
JP6139629B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
EP3151630B1 (en) | Ceramic heater and ignition device provided with same | |
JP6957663B2 (en) | Ceramic heater | |
JP5766282B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP5721584B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
EP3136819B1 (en) | Heater and ignition device | |
JP6835604B2 (en) | heater | |
JP5944815B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP5864301B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP6199951B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP6538467B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug | |
JP6673644B2 (en) | Ceramic heater | |
JP6272519B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP6085050B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
JP5909573B2 (en) | Heater and glow plug equipped with the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20161025 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20180104 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H05B 3/28 20060101ALI20171220BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/48 20060101ALI20171220BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/02 20060101AFI20171220BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/18 20060101ALI20171220BHEP |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H05B 3/48 20060101ALI20180927BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/18 20060101ALI20180927BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/02 20060101AFI20180927BHEP Ipc: H05B 3/28 20060101ALI20180927BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20181113 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: IZUTSU, SHOJI |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1125641 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190515 Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602015028993 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20190424 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190724 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190824 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190724 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190725 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1125641 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190424 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190824 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602015028993 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190531 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20190531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190525 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20200127 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190525 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190531 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20150525 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190424 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230505 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20230331 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20240328 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20240402 Year of fee payment: 10 |