EP3147918B1 - Dispositif et procede de fabrication d'aimants annulaires permanents - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de fabrication d'aimants annulaires permanents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3147918B1
EP3147918B1 EP16001814.9A EP16001814A EP3147918B1 EP 3147918 B1 EP3147918 B1 EP 3147918B1 EP 16001814 A EP16001814 A EP 16001814A EP 3147918 B1 EP3147918 B1 EP 3147918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
powder
compression
core
force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16001814.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3147918A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Krengel
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Wilo SE
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Wilo SE
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1035—Liquid phase sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing annular permanent magnets by electrical discharge sintering, comprising a plurality of, an annular cavity for receiving a magnetizable metallic powder defining tool parts and a controllable electric pulse generator, wherein at least two of the tool parts form electrodes and are electrically connected to the pulse generator, and the Tool parts at least one of the cavity in the radial direction outwardly limiting outer shape, as well as two the cavity in the axial direction limiting, relatively axially movable compression means comprise, wherein at least one of the compression means in the direction of the cavity is subjected to force or kraftbeetzschlagbar.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing annular permanent magnets by electrical discharge sintering, in particular using the aforementioned device, in which a magnetizable metallic powder is introduced into the cavity and exposed to an electric pulse current flowing between the electrodes such that the powder is at least partially melted at the same time a force is exerted in the direction of the cavity on the powder to compress the powder in the melt state.
  • Ring-shaped permanent magnets are used, for example, for rotors of modern permanent-magnet electric motors. Their production is comparatively complex, long-lasting and expensive.
  • the preparation is usually carried out by conventional sintering of magnetic powder, wherein a heating of the powder under Mechanical pressure in a conventional manner, in particular by electrical heating elements, which are integrated in a form containing the powder.
  • the heating to sintering temperature lasts comparatively long. Furthermore, the cooling of the sintered workpiece also takes time.
  • the EDS method is used to achieve densification of iron powder or a cemented carbide powder, such as tungsten carbide, by the pulsed discharge of electrical energy into the powder.
  • a corresponding device 1 for this according to the prior art shows FIG. 1 ,
  • the device comprises a plurality of tool parts 3, 4, 5, which delimit a cylindrical cavity 11, and a controllable electrical pulse current generator, which has a capacitor 9 and a pulse current transformer 8.
  • FIG. 1 is located in the cavity already to be compacted, electrically conductive powder 2.
  • the cavity 11 is limited in the radial direction to the outside by a hollow cylindrical outer mold 3 and in the axial direction by two compression means 4, 5, at least partially in the axial direction in the the cavity comprising the cavity outer shape form fit into extend.
  • At least the upper compression means 4 is axially movable and is of a mechanical force F applied, which is generated for example by a hydraulic system 10 and transmitted via a pressure pin 7a on the compression means 4.
  • the powder 2 is thereby pressed against the lower compression means 5, which is supported against a further pressure pin 7b and receives the pressure force accordingly.
  • the two force-transmitting or force-absorbing compression means 4, 5 are designed to be electrically conductive and simultaneously constitute the electrodes.
  • the current flow I and the power transmission direction are thus parallel.
  • tools and punch arrangements in EDS systems generally work with a current flow in the pressing direction.
  • the shape of the permanent magnets so produced however, one is limited to thin or flat workpieces, since the resistance of the powder with their length increases. As a result, the current decreases with increasing thickness. The melting effect of the pulse current and the degree of melting at the powder particle contact points is thus the smaller, the greater the distance between the electrodes introducing the current. The fusion is incomplete with long expansions in the pressing direction. Thus, in the case of thick workpieces, the case arises that the powder particles do not melt together well in the middle of the powder quantity. The workpieces crumble apart. Thus, only permanent magnets in the form of simple round flat slices or cuboids can be produced. By contrast, the ring-shaped permanent magnets used in the construction of permanent-magnet electric motors for the rotors can not readily be produced by the EDS method according to the prior art.
  • an apparatus for producing annular permanent magnets by means of electrical discharge sintering is proposed in which the magnetic powder receiving cavity in the radial direction outwardly by the outer shape, in the radial direction inwardly delimited by a coaxially extending to the outer core and in the axial direction by the compression means is, wherein the outer mold and the core form the electrodes and the compression means electrically isolate the electrodes from each other.
  • a method is proposed in which the pulse flow within the cavity in the radial direction between the outer mold and the core flows, and the force of at least one of the two axially limiting the compression means in the axial direction is transmitted to the powder, wherein the Compression means electrically isolate the outer mold and the core from each other.
  • the permanent magnets to be produced are in their axial height, and is correspondingly the height of the cavity, not fixed.
  • the cavity may be formed flat, i. that their radial width is greater than or equal to their axial length, so that annular disk-shaped permanent magnets can be produced.
  • the cavity can also be higher than wide, so that it increasingly has the shape of a hollow cylinder with increasing height.
  • the inventive method is thus particularly suitable for producing high hollow cylindrical permanent magnets, preferably just those in which the axial length is equal to or greater than the radial thickness. Accordingly, for the production of these permanent magnets, the cavity may have an axial length which is greater than the distance between the core and the outer wall.
  • the contour of the annular permanent magnets can basically be arbitrary. Accordingly, the geometric shape of the cavity forming the annular space is not fixed. This applies both to the outer contour of the permanent magnets or to the inner contour of the outer contour that defines the cavity outwardly, as well as to its inner contour or the outer contour of the inner cavity defining the cavity.
  • the outer contour of the core in cross section may correspond to a circular, oval, square or polygonal basic shape. Of technically greatest importance here is also a circular outer contour of the core, but also an angular outer contour is advantageous because it can form a rotation.
  • the core is pin-shaped, so that it is possible to produce permanent magnets in the form of a hollow profile.
  • At least one of the compression means has a central opening into which the core is retractable due to the relative movement of the compression means.
  • the outer mold and the core are stationary tool parts. As a result, the electrodes can be contacted better and easier. Because in contrast to the prior art no moving tool parts must be electrically contacted in this case. While in the device according to FIG. 1 the compression means 4, 5 form the electrodes, of which at least one is axially movable, the tool parts now used as electrodes outer mold and core can form immovable tool parts. This simplifies electrical contacting because the electrical connection between the movable electrode and the supply current from the pulse generator does not endure the mechanical shock experienced by the movable compression means due to extrusion of the molten powder particles or at least their surface into the interparticle spaces.
  • compression means merely expresses an involvement in the compression of the powder, but does not imply that a Force is exerted on the powder.
  • only one of the compression means actively exert a force on the powder and the other compression means passively absorb this force, so that only one-sided pressing takes place.
  • both compression means can also be subjected to a force of force in the axial direction and independently of one another in the direction of the cavity, ie. actively exert a force on the powder.
  • the two-sided pressing has the advantage that a higher total pressure acts on the powder and the powder is better compressed because the above-described press cone is reduced or becomes a double cone.
  • the compression means can consist of a ceramic material.
  • the outer mold and / or the core may be made of copper.
  • the powder can be introduced into the cavity as a loose powder bed or as a mechanically pre-pressed powder compact.
  • the compression means cause mechanical pre-compression prior to electrical discharge sintering.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an inventive device 1 for the production of permanent magnets with a ring shape.
  • the device 1 makes it possible to produce ring magnets of any axial length using electrical discharge sintering.
  • the device 1 provides an annular cavity 11, which serves to receive a magnetic powder 2, which is introduced into the cavity 11 as a loose powder bed or as a mechanically precompressed powder compact.
  • a magnetic powder 2 is already present in the cavity 11.
  • the cavity is delimited by four tool parts 3, 4, 5, 6, namely in the radial direction outwards by an outer mold 3, in the radial direction inwards by a core 6, and in the axial direction by two compression means 4, 5.
  • the outer mold 3 has the shape of a hollow cylinder, although it may have any outer contour. Within the outer mold 3, a cylindrical cavity is formed, which comprises the cavity 11. Coaxial with the outer mold 3, the core 6 extends through this cavity and thus forms it or the cavity 11 to form an annular space. The core 6 is pin-shaped. The distance between the core and outer shape defines the thickness D of the permanent magnet to be produced.
  • one of the two compression means 4, 5 extends at least partially positively into the cavity and thus limits it in the axial direction.
  • the distance between these compression means 4, 5 defines the height or axial length L of the permanent magnet to be produced.
  • the cavity thus has an axial length L that is greater than the thickness D.
  • the compression means 4, 5 are cylindrical and have a coaxial opening 13 either in the form of a bore over the entire axial length as in the case of the lower compression means 5 or in the form of a blind hole as in the case of the upper compression means 4, to accommodate the core 6 ,
  • the inner diameter of the opening 13 is thus adapted to the outer diameter of the core 6, so that core 6 and compression means 4, 5, can be positively inserted into each other or driven.
  • Both compression means 4, 5 are arranged axially movable. They are acted upon independently of each other in the direction of the cavity 11 by a force F and thus form against the powder 2 pressing punch.
  • the force F is generated by a respective hydraulic system 10 and transmitted via bolts 7a, 7b to the respective compression means 4, 5.
  • only one of the compression means 4, 5, is axially movable and kraftbeaufschlagt, as in the device 1 in FIG. 1 the case is.
  • the outer mold 3 and the core 6 are electrically conductive, designed for example consisting of copper. They form electrodes and are connected via a connecting cable with a controllable pulse current generator 8, 9, which is represented here schematically by a pulse transformer 8 and a capacitor 9.
  • a controllable pulse current generator 8 which is represented here schematically by a pulse transformer 8 and a capacitor 9.
  • outer mold 3 and core 6 are fixed, i. not immovable. They can be contacted better and there is no risk that the connection line 12 dissolves.
  • the pulse transformer 8 generates from the charge stored in the capacitor 9, a current pulse I of about 300kA and a few milliseconds in length, as in FIG. 1a is shown.
  • the compression means 4, 5 are made of a non-conductive material, such as a ceramic, and thus isolate outer mold 3 and core 6 from each other.
  • the current pulse I flows between outer mold 3 and core 6 through the powder 2, i. in the radial direction and thus perpendicular to the force F. This results in a short current path and a homogeneous compression by the discharge sintering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif (1) pour la fabrication d'aimants permanents annulaires par frittage par décharge électrique, comprenant plusieurs parties d'outil (3, 4, 5, 6) formant une cavité annulaire (11) destinée à recevoir une poudre métallique aimantable (2) et un générateur d'impulsions de courant électrique commandable (8, 9), sachant qu'au moins deux des parties d'outil (3, 4, 5, 6) forment des électrodes et sont reliées électriquement au générateur d'impulsions de courant (8, 9), et les parties d'outil (3, 4, 5, 6) comprenant au moins d'une part une forme externe (3) limitant la cavité (11) en direction radiale vers l'extérieur et d'autre part deux moyens de compression (4, 5) limitant la cavité (11) en direction axiale et se déplaçant axialement l'un par rapport à l'autre, sachant qu'au moins un des moyens de compression (4, 5) est ou peut être soumis à une force en direction de la cavité (11), caractérisé en ce que la cavité (11) est limitée en direction radiale vers l'intérieur par un noyau (6) placé coaxialement à la forme externe (3), sachant que la forme externe (3) et le noyau (6) forment les électrodes et les moyens de compression (4, 5) isolent électriquement les électrodes les unes des autres.
  2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (11) présente une longueur axiale (L) supérieure ou égale à l'écart entre le noyau (6) et la paroi extérieure (3).
  3. Dispositif (1) selon les revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le noyau (6) est en forme de tige.
  4. Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (11) est un cylindre creux et, en particulier, forme un cylindre circulaire creux.
  5. Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des moyens de compression (5, 6) présente une ouverture centrale (13) recevant le noyau (6) lorsque les moyens de compression (5, 6) se déplacent relativement l'un vers l'autre.
  6. Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux moyens de compression (4, 5) sont ou peuvent être soumis à une force et se déplacent axialement et indépendamment l'un de l'autre en direction de la cavité (11).
  7. Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de compression (4, 5) sont composés d'un matériau céramique.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'aimants permanents annulaires par frittage par décharge électrique, par lequel une poudre métallique aimantable (2) est déposée dans une cavité (11) annulaire définie par plusieurs parties d'outil (3, 4, 5, 6) et soumise de telle façon à des impulsions de courant électrique (I) passant entre au moins deux des parties d'outil (3, 4, 5, 6), que la poudre (2) est au moins fondue en partie, sachant que simultanément au moins une des parties d'outil (5, 6) applique à la poudre (2) une force (F) en direction de la cavité, pour compacter la poudre (2) à l'état fondu, caractérisé en ce que l'impulsion de courant (I) coule en direction radiale entre une forme externe (3) limitant la cavité (11) vers l'extérieur et un noyau dirigé coaxialement vers la forme externe (3) limitant la cavité (11) vers l'intérieur, et la force (F) d'au moins un des moyens de compression (4, 5) limitant en direction axiale la cavité (11) est appliquée à la poudre (2), sachant que les moyens de compression (4, 5) isolent électriquement l'un de l'autre la forme externe (3) et le noyau (6).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la poudre (2) est précompactée mécaniquement avant d'être introduite dans la cavité (11).
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une force (F) en direction axiale est transmise à la poudre (2) par les deux moyens de compression (4, 5).
EP16001814.9A 2015-09-25 2016-08-18 Dispositif et procede de fabrication d'aimants annulaires permanents Active EP3147918B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015012412.9A DE102015012412A1 (de) 2015-09-25 2015-09-25 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung ringförmiger Permanentmagnete

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3147918A1 EP3147918A1 (fr) 2017-03-29
EP3147918B1 true EP3147918B1 (fr) 2019-10-30

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EP16001814.9A Active EP3147918B1 (fr) 2015-09-25 2016-08-18 Dispositif et procede de fabrication d'aimants annulaires permanents

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EP (1) EP3147918B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015012412A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109894615A (zh) * 2019-04-19 2019-06-18 扬州海昌新材股份有限公司 脉冲放电闪速烧结金属基零部件近净成形工艺方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3241956A (en) 1963-05-30 1966-03-22 Inoue Kiyoshi Electric-discharge sintering
JPS59216453A (ja) 1983-05-20 1984-12-06 Hitachi Metals Ltd 円筒状永久磁石の製造方法
JP3490228B2 (ja) * 1996-03-25 2004-01-26 アルプス電気株式会社 硬磁性合金圧密体およびその製造方法
US6612826B1 (en) 1997-10-15 2003-09-02 Iap Research, Inc. System for consolidating powders
EP2198993B1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2012-09-26 EPoS S.r.L. Procédé de frittage et dispositif
US20130266473A1 (en) * 2012-04-05 2013-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method of Producing Sintered Magnets with Controlled Structures and Composition Distribution

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DE102015012412A1 (de) 2017-03-30

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