EP3137217B1 - Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron - Google Patents

Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3137217B1
EP3137217B1 EP15737962.9A EP15737962A EP3137217B1 EP 3137217 B1 EP3137217 B1 EP 3137217B1 EP 15737962 A EP15737962 A EP 15737962A EP 3137217 B1 EP3137217 B1 EP 3137217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hammer
insert
hammer strike
anvil
insert piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15737962.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3137217A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Koslow
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Akai & Co KG GmbH
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Akai & Co KG GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102014016322.9A external-priority patent/DE102014016322A1/en
Application filed by Akai & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Akai & Co KG GmbH
Priority to PL15737962T priority Critical patent/PL3137217T3/en
Priority claimed from PCT/DE2015/000198 external-priority patent/WO2015165433A1/en
Publication of EP3137217A1 publication Critical patent/EP3137217A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/16—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters hinged to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/04—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B02C2013/2808—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements are attached to disks mounted on a shaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hammer irons for a comminuting machine with a fixed anvil, comminuting machines with such hammer irons and methods for operating such comminuting machines
  • Such a crusher is from US1686128 known.
  • the most protruding part of the hammer must neither fall below nor exceed a predetermined minimum or maximum. Avoid touching the hammer head and anvil, as this would destroy the machine. Exceeding the maximum permissible gap or distance between the hammer head and anvil would also significantly impair the functionality of the machine. In such a case, the size of the material to be comminuted would no longer correspond to the desired grain size.
  • the size of the gap between hammer head and anvil is therefore of crucial importance for proper operation of such a size reduction machine.
  • a worn hammer had to be replaced with a new hammer. This is very time-consuming, as until now the only solution was to get a new hammer.
  • a new hammer is very expensive. It is therefore an endeavor of the professional world to extend the service life (service life) of a hammer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide improved hammer hammers for a comminuting machine of the type mentioned at the outset, which have a longer service life in order to reduce operating costs without negatively affecting the quality of the comminuted product.
  • the invention discloses hammer irons for a size reduction machine with a fixed anvil, the hammer irons being attached to a rotor of the size reduction machine in a pivotable manner via a pivot pin.
  • An insert with a receiving opening for the pivot pin is provided in the hammer, which can be installed in a first orientation or in a second orientation.
  • the receiving opening defines a first contact surface for the pivot pin in the first orientation of the insert and a second contact surface for the pivot pin in the second orientation of the insert.
  • the first contact surface in the first orientation of the insert has a different distance to the hammer head (and thus to the anvil) than the second contact surface in the second orientation of the insert.
  • the pivot pin is guided through an elongated slot which is attached eccentrically in the longitudinal direction of the insert and defines opposing contact surfaces.
  • the elongated insert is interchangeably installed in the longitudinal extension of the hammer.
  • the position of the oblong hole introduced in the longitudinal direction eccentrically in the insert for receiving the pivot pin determines the different thicknesses of the two end-side cheeks of the insert; the inside of the elongated hole facing the hammer head forms a contact surface on which the pivot pin rests when the hammer is in the swiveled-out operating state.
  • the two cheeks are located in the longitudinal direction at the respective end of an insert piece.
  • the eccentric elongated hole is to be designed in such a way that the distance between the elongated hole inner wall and the adjacent end point of the insert piece is different, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the insert piece and the centrifugal force occurring during rotation.
  • the decisive factor here is that when the insert piece is rotated in the hammer by 180 °, the distance between the hammer head and the contact surface is changed, and thus also the distance between the hammer head and anvil when the hammer is installed.
  • the insert has cheeks of different thicknesses at opposite ends.
  • the contact surface of one cheek of the insert rests against the pivot pin and determines the distance between the hammer head and the anvil.
  • the movement of the hammer in the direction of the anvil is limited by the contact of one cheek of the insert on the pivot pin.
  • the two opposite cheeks of the insert are of different thicknesses. In this way, they define different distances for the hammer head to the anvil, depending on which cheek of the insert the pivot pin comes into contact with.
  • the insert is provided interchangeably in the hammer, either in a snug fit or fastened by conventional fasteners.
  • the hammer can then be thrown so close to the anvil that a gap is formed between the anvil and hammer head that corresponds to the nominal size that would be formed by a new hammer.
  • an adequate response to hammer wear can be achieved. It is useful to keep inserts with different wall thicknesses of the cheeks in stock so that the area of use of an individual hammer and its service life can be optimally exploited.
  • the invention not only results in a longer service life for a hammer, but also has a not inconsiderable influence on the safety of the machine in the case of inserts with an elongated hole. If oversized or hard components are fed to the machine for shredding, the hammer guided in the elongated hole can move away from the anvil against the centrifugal forces, increasing the gap between the anvil and the hammer head. This is the additional advantage when the pivot pin around which the hammer rotates is arranged in an elongated hole of an insert in the hammer.
  • the Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a hammer for a shredding machine.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a vertical shredding machine, in which the drive axis 3a of the rotor 3 runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • disks 3b are arranged one above the other, each of which has openings for fastening the pivot bolts 6.
  • One or more hammers 4 are each suspended between two disks on a pivot pin, possibly with the use of spacer rings. Corresponding arrangements can also be used in shredding machines with a horizontally arranged drive shaft of the rotor.
  • the anvil 2 fixedly mounted on a machine frame 1 interacts with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 4 during operation.
  • a gap 10 is left between the anvil 2 and the hammer head 5. This gap 10 increases as the hammer head 5 is worn away. This gap 10 is important for the degree of fineness of the comminuted material.
  • the thickness (b) of the cheek 12, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 7, is greater than the thickness (a) of the opposite cheek 8, also measured to the end of the insert 7 adjacent to this cheek 8 two opposite cheeks 8; 12 corresponds to the amount of wear on the hammer head 5 at which it would have been necessary to replace the hammer 4 with a new hammer.
  • the insert 7 is interchangeably connected to the hammer 4 via fastening means 9 or via a snug fit.
  • the insert 7 has along its center line an elongated hole 11 through the cheeks 8; 12 is limited at the end of the insert and the pivot pin 6 receives.
  • the pivot pin 6 is in turn firmly connected to two adjacent disks 3 b of the rotor 3. In a new hammer, the pivot pin 6 rests on the thicker cheek 12 with the thickness (b) of the insert 7 and a gap 10 with nominal dimensions is created between the hammer head 5 and anvil 2.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the insert 7 with the orientation corresponding to a new hammer, so that the pivot pin rests against the thicker cheek 12 during operation
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of a hammer according to the invention for a comminuting machine of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • An anvil 12 is fixedly mounted on a machine frame and interacts with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 14 during operation.
  • a gap 010 is left between the anvil 12 and the hammer head 5. This gap 010 increases when the hammer head 5 is worn. This gap 010 is important for the degree of fineness of the comminuted material.
  • the pivot pin 16 When operating when the hammer is new, the pivot pin 16 rests against the thicker cheek 012 of the insert 17.
  • the cheek 18 opposite this cheek 012 in the insert 17 is unloaded.
  • the thickness (bb) of the cheek 012, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17, is greater than the thickness (aa) of the opposite cheek 18, also measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17.
  • the difference in the thickness of the two cheeks 18; 012 corresponds to the amount of wear on hammer head 5 at which replacement of hammer 14 with a new hammer 14 would have been necessary.
  • the insert 17 is exchangeable and fixed in the hammer 14 with a precise fit, for example with fastening means.
  • the insert 17 has a cylindrical bore 011, which is provided eccentrically in the longitudinal direction of the insert 17, so that the respective cheek 18; 012 of different thickness, the distance between the hammer head 5 and the anvil 12 can be changed when the replaceable elongated insert 17 is rotated 180 °.
  • the pivot pin 16, which is fastened to the rotor disks 13b of the rotor, is guided through the cylindrical bore 011.
  • the pivot pin 16 rests on the inside of the cheek 012 of the insert 17 and creates a gap 010 between hammer head 5 and anvil 12 with nominal dimensions, corresponding to a cheek thickness (bb) in the insert 17.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the insert 17 with an orientation corresponding to a hammer with wear, so that the pivot pin rests on the thinner cheek 18 during operation.
  • the insert (7) is preferably made of high-strength steel.
  • the contact surfaces for the pivot pin (6) can also be hardened.
  • Lubricating bores which can be connected to a central lubricating device, are preferably provided in the contact surfaces.
  • hammer irons 4 are mounted so tightly on a pivot pin that an adjacent hammer irons 4 prevents the insert 7 from falling out.
  • the hammers 4; 14 can be used optimally until they are finally worn out and the operating costs of the shredding machine can be reduced significantly.
  • the size of the gap between the anvil and the hammer head can be adjusted over a wide range and with an accuracy in the sub-millimeter range.
  • the hammer iron according to the invention are with with little additional effort.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Hammerschlageisen für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit feststehendem Amboss, Zerkleinerungsmaschinen mit derartigen Hammerschlageisen und Verfahren zum Betrieb derartiger ZerkleinerungsmaschinenThe invention relates to hammer irons for a comminuting machine with a fixed anvil, comminuting machines with such hammer irons and methods for operating such comminuting machines

Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsmaschine ist von US1686128 bekannt.Such a crusher is from US1686128 known.

Für die Zerkleinerung von Metallschrott oder anderem Mischgut stehen der Fachwelt heute Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, wie z. B. Hammermühlen oder Shredder, zur Verfügung. Derartige Maschinen sind so aufgebaut, dass Hammerschlageisen (im Folgenden auch als Hammer bezeichnet) mit einem Schwenkbolzen schwenkbar an einem Rotor befestigt sind und beim Rotieren des Rotors radial nach außen durch die bei der Rotation entstehenden Fliehkräfte in Richtung eines feststehenden, mit einem Maschinengestell fest verbundenen Ambosses geschleudert werden. Durch den zwischen dem Amboss und den Hammerschlagleisten festgelegten Spalt wird der Feinheitsgrad des zerkleinerten Materials bestimmt. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass bei maximaler Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors der Abstand zwischen Amboss und dem Hammerkopf (d.h. der am weitesten vorragende Teil des Hammers) ein vorher bestimmtes Minimum bzw. Maximum weder unter- noch überschreiten darf. Eine Berührung von Hammerkopf und Amboss ist zu vermeiden, da sie zur Zerstörung der Maschine führen würde. Ebenso würde eine Überschreitung des maximal zulässigen Spalts bzw. Abstands zwischen Hammerkopf und Amboss die Funktionsfähigkeit der Maschine wesentlich beeinträchtigen. In einem solchen Falle würde das Zerkleinerungsgut in seiner Größe nicht mehr der gewünschten Korngröße entsprechen.For the crushing of scrap metal or other mixed material, the experts today have crushing machines, such as B. hammer mills or shredders are available. Such machines are constructed in such a way that hammer irons (hereinafter also referred to as hammer) are pivotably attached to a rotor with a pivot pin and when the rotor rotates radially outward due to the centrifugal forces generated during rotation in the direction of a stationary one firmly connected to a machine frame Anvil. The fineness of the shredded material is determined by the gap established between the anvil and the hammer blow bars. It should be noted that at the maximum rotational speed of the rotor, the distance between the anvil and the hammer head (i.e. the most protruding part of the hammer) must neither fall below nor exceed a predetermined minimum or maximum. Avoid touching the hammer head and anvil, as this would destroy the machine. Exceeding the maximum permissible gap or distance between the hammer head and anvil would also significantly impair the functionality of the machine. In such a case, the size of the material to be comminuted would no longer correspond to the desired grain size.

Für einen einwandfreien Betrieb einer derartigen Zerkleinerungsmaschine ist daher die Größe des Spalts zwischen Hammerkopf und Amboss von entscheidender Bedeutung. Um die Größe des Spalts zwischen Hammerkopf und Amboss innerhalb vorgegebener Toleranzen zu halten, auch bei Verschleiß am Hammerkopf, muss bisher ein verschlissener Hammer durch einen neuen Hammer ersetzt werden. Dies ist sehr zeitaufwendig, da bisher nur die Beschaffung eines neuen Hammers Abhilfe schaffen konnte. Außerdem ist ein neuer Hammer sehr teuer. Es ist daher ein Bestreben der Fachwelt die Nutzungsdauer (Standzeit) eines Hammers zu verlängern.The size of the gap between hammer head and anvil is therefore of crucial importance for proper operation of such a size reduction machine. In order to keep the size of the gap between the hammer head and anvil within specified tolerances, even if the hammer head is worn, a worn hammer had to be replaced with a new hammer. This is very time-consuming, as until now the only solution was to get a new hammer. In addition, a new hammer is very expensive. It is therefore an endeavor of the professional world to extend the service life (service life) of a hammer.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, verbesserte Hammerschlageisen für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die eine längere Nutzungsdauer aufweisen, um Betriebskosten zu senken, ohne die Qualität des zerkleinerten Produkts negativ zu beeinflussen.The object of the invention is to provide improved hammer hammers for a comminuting machine of the type mentioned at the outset, which have a longer service life in order to reduce operating costs without negatively affecting the quality of the comminuted product.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst, die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen definiert ist; Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.This object is achieved by the invention which is defined in the independent claims; Refinements of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe offenbart die Erfindung Hammerschlageisen für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine mit feststehendem Amboss, wobei das Hammerschlageisen über einen Schwenkbolzen schwenkbar an einem Rotor der Zerkleinerungsmaschine befestigt wird. Im Hammerschlageisen ist ein Einsatzstück mit einer Aufnahmeöffnung für den Schwenkbolzen vorgesehen, das in einer ersten Orientierung oder in einer zweiten Orientierung eingebaut werden kann. Die Aufnahmeöffnung definiert eine erste Anlagefläche für den Schwenkbolzen in der ersten Orientierung des Einsatzstücks und eine zweite Anlagefläche für den Schwenkbolzen in der zweiten Orientierung des Einsatzstücks. Die erste Anlagefläche in der ersten Orientierung des Einsatzstücks hat einen anderen Abstand zum Hammerkopf (und damit zum Amboss) als die zweite Anlagefläche in der zweiten Orientierung des Einsatzstücks.In order to achieve this object, the invention discloses hammer irons for a size reduction machine with a fixed anvil, the hammer irons being attached to a rotor of the size reduction machine in a pivotable manner via a pivot pin. An insert with a receiving opening for the pivot pin is provided in the hammer, which can be installed in a first orientation or in a second orientation. The receiving opening defines a first contact surface for the pivot pin in the first orientation of the insert and a second contact surface for the pivot pin in the second orientation of the insert. The first contact surface in the first orientation of the insert has a different distance to the hammer head (and thus to the anvil) than the second contact surface in the second orientation of the insert.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Schwenkbolzen durch einen Langlochschlitz geführt, der in Längsrichtung des Einsatzstückes außermittig angebracht ist und einander gegenüberliegende Anlageflächen definiert.According to the invention, the pivot pin is guided through an elongated slot which is attached eccentrically in the longitudinal direction of the insert and defines opposing contact surfaces.

Das längliche Einsatzstück ist in Längs- erstreckung des Hammers auswechselbar eingebaut. Die Lage der in Längsrichtung außermittig in das Einsatzstück zur Aufnahme des Schwenkbolzens eingebrachten Langlochs bestimmt die unterschiedlichen Dicken der beiden endseitigen Wangen des Einsatzstücks; die auf den Hammerkopf zuweisende Innenseite des Langlochs bildet eine Anlagefläche, an der der Schwenkbolzen im ausgeschwenktem Betriebszustand des Hammers anliegt. Die beiden Wangen befinden sich in Längsrichtung am jeweiligen Ende eines Einsatzstückes.The elongated insert is interchangeably installed in the longitudinal extension of the hammer. The position of the oblong hole introduced in the longitudinal direction eccentrically in the insert for receiving the pivot pin determines the different thicknesses of the two end-side cheeks of the insert; the inside of the elongated hole facing the hammer head forms a contact surface on which the pivot pin rests when the hammer is in the swiveled-out operating state. The two cheeks are located in the longitudinal direction at the respective end of an insert piece.

Das außermittige Langloch ist derart auszuführen, dass der Abstand der Langlochsinnenwand zum benachbarten Endpunkt des Einsatzstückes unterschiedlich groß ist, gesehen in der Längsrichtung des Einsatzstückes und der bei der Rotation auftretenden Zentrifugalkraft. Entscheidend hierbei ist, dass beim Drehen des Einsatzstückes im Hammer um 180°die Distanz zwischen Hammerkopf und Anlagefläche verändert wird, und damit bei eingebautem Hammer auch die Distanz zwischen Hammerkopf und Amboss.The eccentric elongated hole is to be designed in such a way that the distance between the elongated hole inner wall and the adjacent end point of the insert piece is different, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the insert piece and the centrifugal force occurring during rotation. The decisive factor here is that when the insert piece is rotated in the hammer by 180 °, the distance between the hammer head and the contact surface is changed, and thus also the distance between the hammer head and anvil when the hammer is installed.

Dazu weist das Einsatzstück an gegenüber liegenden Enden Wangen unterschiedlicher Dicke auf. Bei ausgeschleudertem Hammer liegt die Anlagefläche einer Wange des Einsatzstücks am Schwenkbolzen an und bestimmt den Abstand des Hammerkopfes zum Amboss. Durch das Anliegen der einen Wange des Einsatzstückes am Schwenkbolzen ist die Bewegung des Hammers in Richtung Amboss begrenzt. Die beiden gegenüberliegenden Wangen des Einsatzstückes sind von unterschiedlicher Dicke. Damit definieren sie unterschiedliche Abstände für den Hammerkopf zum Amboss, je nachdem an welcher Wange des Einsatzstücks der Schwenkbolzen zur Anlage kommt.For this purpose, the insert has cheeks of different thicknesses at opposite ends. When the hammer is thrown out, the contact surface of one cheek of the insert rests against the pivot pin and determines the distance between the hammer head and the anvil. The movement of the hammer in the direction of the anvil is limited by the contact of one cheek of the insert on the pivot pin. The two opposite cheeks of the insert are of different thicknesses. In this way, they define different distances for the hammer head to the anvil, depending on which cheek of the insert the pivot pin comes into contact with.

Dadurch, dass die beiden Wangen ein außermittiges Langloch in einem Einsatzstück begrenzt genügt eine 180° Drehung des Einsatzstückes im Hammer, um die Distanz zwischen Hammerkopf und Amboss zu variieren. Entspricht daher im Neuzustand des Hammers eine größere Dicke einer Wange des Einsatzstückes dem gewünschten Spalt zwischen Amboss und Hammerkopf, dann entspricht nach dem Drehen des Einsatzstücks um 180° das Anliegen des Schwenkbolzens an der anderen, dünneren Wange wieder dem gewünschten Nenn-Abstand zwischen Amboss und Hammerkopf auch nach einem Verschleiß am Hammerkopf.Because the two cheeks delimit an eccentric elongated hole in an insert, a 180 ° rotation of the insert in the hammer is sufficient to vary the distance between the hammer head and anvil. If, therefore, when the hammer is new, a greater thickness of one cheek of the insert corresponds to the desired gap between the anvil and hammer head, then after rotating the insert by 180 °, the pivot pin rests against the other, thinner cheek again corresponds to the desired nominal distance between the anvil and the hammer Hammer head even after the hammer head is worn.

Das Einsatzstück ist auswechselbar im Hammer vorgesehen, entweder in einem Passsitz oder befestigt durch übliche Befestigungsmittel. Um die Zuordnung von Schwenkbolzen und Wange, bzw. Anlagefläche den Notwendigkeiten zwischen Neuzustand und abgenutztem Hammer anzupassen, genügt es nach der Erfindung, das Einsatzstück auszubauen und um 180° gedreht wieder in den Hammer einzubauen. Infolge einer dünneren Wange kann der Hammer dann wiederum so nahe an den Amboss geschleudert werden, dass ein Spalt zwischen Amboss und Hammerkopf gebildet wird, der dem Nennmaß entspricht, das von einem neuen Hammer gebildet würde. Bei entsprechender Anzahl von Einsatzstücken mit unterschiedlichen Wangendicken kann somit adäquat auf Hammerverschleiß reagiert werden. Es ist zweckmäßig, Einsatzstücke mit unterschiedlichen Wanddicken der Wangen vorrätig zu halten, damit der Einsatzbereich eines einzelnen Hammers und seiner Standzeit optimal ausgeschöpft werden können.The insert is provided interchangeably in the hammer, either in a snug fit or fastened by conventional fasteners. In order to adapt the assignment of pivot pin and cheek or contact surface to the requirements between the new condition and the worn hammer, it is sufficient according to the invention to remove the insert and install it again in the hammer rotated by 180 °. As a result of a thinner cheek, the hammer can then be thrown so close to the anvil that a gap is formed between the anvil and hammer head that corresponds to the nominal size that would be formed by a new hammer. With a corresponding number of inserts with different cheek thicknesses, an adequate response to hammer wear can be achieved. It is useful to keep inserts with different wall thicknesses of the cheeks in stock so that the area of use of an individual hammer and its service life can be optimally exploited.

Darüber hinaus bewirkt die Erfindung nicht nur eine verlängerte Standzeit für einen Hammer, sondern hat auch bei Einsatzstücken mit Langloch einen nicht unerheblichen Einfluss auf die Sicherheit der Maschine. Werden der Maschine übergroße oder harte Bauteile zum Zerkleinern zugeführt, so kann sich der im Langloch geführte Hammer, den Spalt zwischen Amboss und Hammerkopf vergrößernd, gegen die Fliehkräfte vom Amboss wegbewegen. Dies ist der zusätzliche Vorteil, wenn der Schwenkbolzen, um den sich der Hammer dreht, in einem Langloch eines Einsatzstückes im Hammer angeordnet ist.In addition, the invention not only results in a longer service life for a hammer, but also has a not inconsiderable influence on the safety of the machine in the case of inserts with an elongated hole. If oversized or hard components are fed to the machine for shredding, the hammer guided in the elongated hole can move away from the anvil against the centrifugal forces, increasing the gap between the anvil and the hammer head. This is the additional advantage when the pivot pin around which the hammer rotates is arranged in an elongated hole of an insert in the hammer.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun anhand der beigelegten Figuren genauer beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 in einer Aufsicht den schematischen Aufbau einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine, in der Hammerschlageisen nach der Erfindung verwendet werden können.
  • Fig. 2 eine Aufsicht eines Hammers nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen Hammer nach Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt eines Hammers nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine nach Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 5 eine Aufsicht des Hammers nach Fig. 4.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 in a plan view the schematic structure of a comminuting machine in which hammer hammers according to the invention can be used.
  • Fig. 2 a top view of a hammer according to a first embodiment of the invention for a shredding machine Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 a cross section through a hammer Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 a cross section of a hammer according to a second embodiment for a crushing machine according to Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 5 a supervision of the hammer after Fig. 4 .

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Hammers für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine.The Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a hammer for a shredding machine.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine vertikale Zerkleinerungsmaschine, bei der die Antriebsachse 3a des Rotors 3 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verläuft. An der Antriebsachse des Rotors sind Scheiben 3b übereinander angeordnet, die jeweils Öffnungen zur Befestigung der Schwenkbolzen 6 aufweisen. Ein oder mehrere Hämmer 4 sind jeweils zwischen zwei Scheiben an einem Schwenkbolzen eingehängt, gegebenenfalls unter Einsatz von Distanzringen. Entsprechende Anordnungen sind auch bei Zerkleinerungsmaschinen mit horizontal angeordneter Antriebsachse des Rotors einsetzbar. Figure 1 shows a plan view of a vertical shredding machine, in which the drive axis 3a of the rotor 3 runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. On the drive shaft of the rotor, disks 3b are arranged one above the other, each of which has openings for fastening the pivot bolts 6. One or more hammers 4 are each suspended between two disks on a pivot pin, possibly with the use of spacer rings. Corresponding arrangements can also be used in shredding machines with a horizontally arranged drive shaft of the rotor.

Der an einem Maschinengestell 1 fest montierte Amboss 2 wirkt im Betrieb mit dem Hammerkopf 5 eines Hammers 4 zusammen. Entsprechend Fig. 3 ist zwischen Amboss 2 und dem Hammerkopf 5 ein Spalt 10 belassen. Dieser Spalt 10 vergrößert sich durch Abnutzung des Hammerkopfs 5. Dieser Spalt 10 ist für den Feinheitsgrad des zerkleinerten Materials von Bedeutung. Im Neuzustand des Hammers ist das Einsatzstück so montiert, dass im Betrieb der Schwenkbolzen 6 an der Innenseite der dickeren Wange 12 des Einsatzstücks 7 anliegt. Die dieser Wange 12 gegenüberliegende dünnere Wange 8 im Einsatzstück 7 ist dabei unbelastet.The anvil 2 fixedly mounted on a machine frame 1 interacts with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 4 during operation. Corresponding Fig. 3 a gap 10 is left between the anvil 2 and the hammer head 5. This gap 10 increases as the hammer head 5 is worn away. This gap 10 is important for the degree of fineness of the comminuted material. When the hammer is new, the insert is mounted in such a way that the pivot pin 6 rests against the inside of the thicker cheek 12 of the insert 7 during operation. The thinner cheek 8 opposite this cheek 12 in the insert 7 is unloaded.

Die Dicke (b) der Wange 12, gemessen zum benachbarten Ende des Einsatzstückes 7, ist grösser als die Dicke (a) der gegenüber liegenden Wange 8, ebenfalls gemessen zu dem dieser Wange 8 benachbarten Ende des Einsatzstückes 7. Der Unterschied in der Dicke der beiden gegenüberliegenden Wangen 8; 12 entspricht dem Maß an Verschleiß am Hammerkopf 5, bei dem ein Ersetzen des Hammers 4 durch einen neuen Hammer notwendig gewesen wäre.The thickness (b) of the cheek 12, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 7, is greater than the thickness (a) of the opposite cheek 8, also measured to the end of the insert 7 adjacent to this cheek 8 two opposite cheeks 8; 12 corresponds to the amount of wear on the hammer head 5 at which it would have been necessary to replace the hammer 4 with a new hammer.

Das Einsatzstück 7 ist über Befestigungsmittel 9 oder über einen Passsitz auswechselbar mit dem Hammer 4 verbunden. Das Einsatzstück 7 weist längs seiner Mittellinie ein Langloch 11 auf, das durch die Wangen 8; 12 am Ende des Einsatzstücks begrenzt ist und den Schwenkbolzen 6 aufnimmt. Der Schwenkbolzen 6 ist seinerseits fest mit zwei benachbarten Scheiben 3b des Rotors 3 verbunden. Bei einem neuen Hammer liegt der Schwenkbolzen 6 an der dickeren Wange 12 mit der Dicke (b) des Einsatzstücks 7 an und es entsteht ein Spalt 10 mit Nennmaß zwischen Hammerkopf 5 und Amboss 2.Vergrößert sich der Spalt 10 durch Verschleiß am Hammerkopf 5, so kann der Spalt wieder auf Nennmaß zurückgeführt werden, indem man das Einsatzstück 7 ausbaut und um 180° geschwenkt wieder einbaut, sodass der Schwenkbolzen 6 beim Betrieb an der Innenseite der dünneren Wange 8 mit der Dicke (a) anliegt; beträgt beispielsweise der Verschleiß 0,3 mm, so wird ein Einsatzstück gewählt, bei dem sich die Dicken der beiden Wangen entsprechend unterscheiden, d.h. b-a = 0,3 mm.The insert 7 is interchangeably connected to the hammer 4 via fastening means 9 or via a snug fit. The insert 7 has along its center line an elongated hole 11 through the cheeks 8; 12 is limited at the end of the insert and the pivot pin 6 receives. The pivot pin 6 is in turn firmly connected to two adjacent disks 3 b of the rotor 3. In a new hammer, the pivot pin 6 rests on the thicker cheek 12 with the thickness (b) of the insert 7 and a gap 10 with nominal dimensions is created between the hammer head 5 and anvil 2. If the gap 10 increases due to wear on the hammer head 5, see above the gap can be brought back to the nominal size by removing the insert 7 and pivoting it through 180 ° so that the pivot pin 6 rests against the inside of the thinner cheek 8 with the thickness (a) during operation; If, for example, the wear is 0.3 mm, an insert is selected in which the thicknesses of the two cheeks differ accordingly, i.e. b-a = 0.3 mm.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen das Einsatzstück 7 mit Orientierung entsprechend einem neuen Hammer, so dass der Schwenkbolzen beim Betrieb an der dickeren Wange 12 anliegtThe Figures 2 and 3 show the insert 7 with the orientation corresponding to a new hammer, so that the pivot pin rests against the thicker cheek 12 during operation

Anmerkung: Die nachfolgende Ausführungsform gemäß Abb. 4 und Abb. 5 ist nicht Teil der Erfindung.Note: The following embodiment according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is not part of the invention.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Hammers gemäß der Erfindung für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art. An einem Maschinengestell ist ein Amboss 12 fest montiert und wirkt im Betrieb mit dem Hammerkopf 5 eines Hammers 14 zusammen. Zwischen Amboss 12 und dem Hammerkopf 5 ist ein Spalt 010 belassen. Dieser Spalt 010 vergrößert sich durch Abnutzung des Hammerkopfs 5. Dieser Spalt 010 ist für den Feinheitsgrad des zerkleinerten Materials von Bedeutung.The Figures 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of a hammer according to the invention for a comminuting machine of the type mentioned at the beginning. An anvil 12 is fixedly mounted on a machine frame and interacts with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 14 during operation. A gap 010 is left between the anvil 12 and the hammer head 5. This gap 010 increases when the hammer head 5 is worn. This gap 010 is important for the degree of fineness of the comminuted material.

Beim Betrieb im Neuzustand des Hammers liegt der Schwenkbolzen 16 an der dickeren Wange 012 des Einsatzstücks 17 an. Die dieser Wange 012 gegenüberliegende Wange 18 im Einsatzstück 17 ist dabei unbelastet. Die Dicke (bb) der Wange 012, gemessen zum benachbarten Ende des Einsatzstückes 17, ist grösser als die Dicke (aa) der gegenüber liegenden Wange 18, ebenfalls gemessen zum benachbarten Ende des Einsatzstückes 17. Der Unterschied in der Dicke der beiden Wangen 18; 012 entspricht dem Maß an Verschleiß am Hammerkopf 5, bei dem ein Ersetzen des Hammers 14 durch einen neuen Hammer 14 notwendig gewesen wäre.When operating when the hammer is new, the pivot pin 16 rests against the thicker cheek 012 of the insert 17. The cheek 18 opposite this cheek 012 in the insert 17 is unloaded. The thickness (bb) of the cheek 012, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17, is greater than the thickness (aa) of the opposite cheek 18, also measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17. The difference in the thickness of the two cheeks 18; 012 corresponds to the amount of wear on hammer head 5 at which replacement of hammer 14 with a new hammer 14 would have been necessary.

Das Einsatzstück 17 ist auswechselbar und passgenau im Hammer 14 fixiert, z.B. mit Befestigungsmitteln. Das Einsatzstück 17 weist eine zylindrische Bohrung 011 auf, die außermittig in Längsrichtung des Einsatzstücks 17 vorgesehen ist, sodass durch die jeweilige Wange 18; 012 unterschiedlicher Dicke, der Abstand des Hammerkopfes 5 zum Amboss 12 geändert werden kann, wenn das auswechselbare längliche Einsatzstück 17 um 180° gedreht wird. Durch die zylindrische Bohrung 011 ist der Schwenkbolzen 16 geführt, der an den Rotorscheiben 13b des Rotors befestigt ist. Im Betrieb mit einem neuen Hammer liegt der Schwenkbolzen 16 an der Innenseite der Wange 012 des Einsatzstücks 17 an und erzeugt einen Spalt 010 zwischen Hammerkopf 5 und Amboss 12 mit Nennmaß, entsprechend einer Wangendicke (bb) im Einsatzstück 17. Vergrößert sich der Spalt 010 durch Verschleiß am Hammerkopf 5, so kann der Spalt 010 wieder auf das gewünschte Nennmaß zurückgeführt werden, wenn man das Einsatzstück 17 ausbaut und um 180° geschwenkt wieder einbaut, sodass der Schwenkbolzen 16 bei Betrieb an der Wange 18 mit der geringeren Dicke (aa) anliegt; ein Verschleiß des Hammerkopfes von beispielsweise 0,3 mm kann ausgeglichen werden, wenn ein Einsatzstück mit den Wangendicken (aa), (bb) entsprechend bb-aa= 0,3 mm mit umgekehrter Orientierung wieder eingebaut wird.The insert 17 is exchangeable and fixed in the hammer 14 with a precise fit, for example with fastening means. The insert 17 has a cylindrical bore 011, which is provided eccentrically in the longitudinal direction of the insert 17, so that the respective cheek 18; 012 of different thickness, the distance between the hammer head 5 and the anvil 12 can be changed when the replaceable elongated insert 17 is rotated 180 °. The pivot pin 16, which is fastened to the rotor disks 13b of the rotor, is guided through the cylindrical bore 011. In operation with a new hammer, the pivot pin 16 rests on the inside of the cheek 012 of the insert 17 and creates a gap 010 between hammer head 5 and anvil 12 with nominal dimensions, corresponding to a cheek thickness (bb) in the insert 17. If the gap 010 increases Wear on the hammer head 5, the gap 010 can be brought back to the desired nominal size if the insert 17 is removed and pivoted through 180 °, so that the pivot pin 16 rests against the cheek 18 with the smaller thickness (aa) during operation ; a wear of the hammer head of, for example, 0.3 mm can be compensated if an insert piece with the cheek thicknesses (aa), (bb) corresponding to bb-aa = 0.3 mm is reinstalled with the opposite orientation.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen das Einsatzstück 17 mit Orientierung entsprechend einem Hammer mit Verschleiß, so dass der Schwenkbolzen beim Betrieb an der dünneren Wange 18 anliegt.The Figures 4 and 5 show the insert 17 with an orientation corresponding to a hammer with wear, so that the pivot pin rests on the thinner cheek 18 during operation.

Vorzugsweise wird das Einsatzstück (7) aus hochfestem Stahl gefertigt. Die Anlageflächen für den Schwenkbolzen (6) können zusätzlich gehärtet werden.The insert (7) is preferably made of high-strength steel. The contact surfaces for the pivot pin (6) can also be hardened.

Vorzugsweise werden in den Anlageflächen Schmierbohrungen vorgesehen, die mit einer zentralen Schmiereinrichtung verbindbar sind.Lubricating bores, which can be connected to a central lubricating device, are preferably provided in the contact surfaces.

In einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Zerkleinerungsmaschine werden mehrere Hammerschlageisen 4 so dicht auf einem Schwenkbolzen montiert, dass ein benachbartes Hammerschlageisen 4 das Herausfallen das Einsatzstück 7 verhindert.In an expedient embodiment of the shredding machine, several hammer irons 4 are mounted so tightly on a pivot pin that an adjacent hammer irons 4 prevents the insert 7 from falling out.

Durch Vorhalten mehrerer Einsatzstücke 7;17 mit unterschiedlicher Dicke der Wangen 8;18 und 12;012 und durch einfaches Wechseln der Einsatzstücke können die Hämmer 4;14 bis zum endgültigen Verschleiß optimal genutzt und damit die Betriebskosten der Zerkleinerungsmaschine wesentlich gesenkt werden. Die Größe des Spalts zwischen Amboss und Hammerkopf kann in weiten Bereichen und mit einer Genauigkeit im Submillimeterbereich eingestellt werden. Die Hammerschlageisen gemäß der Erfindung sind mit geringem Mehraufwand herzustellen.By holding several insert pieces 7; 17 with different thicknesses of the cheeks 8; 18 and 12; 012 and by simply changing the insert pieces, the hammers 4; 14 can be used optimally until they are finally worn out and the operating costs of the shredding machine can be reduced significantly. The size of the gap between the anvil and the hammer head can be adjusted over a wide range and with an accuracy in the sub-millimeter range. The hammer iron according to the invention are with with little additional effort.

BezugszeichenReference number

11
MaschinengestellMachine frame
22
Ambossanvil
33
Rotorrotor
3a3a
Antriebsachse des RotorsDrive axis of the rotor
3b; 13b3b; 13b
Rotorscheibe zur Befestigung der SchwenkbolzenRotor disk for fastening the pivot bolts
4; 144; 14th
Hammer, HammerschlageisenHammer, hammer iron
55
HammerkopfHammer head
6; 166; 16
SchwenkbolzenPivot pin
7; 177; 17th
EinsatzstückInsert
88th
Wange an einem Ende des Langlochs im EinsatzstückCheek at one end of the elongated hole in the insert
99
Befestigungsmittel für das Einsatzstück im HammerFastening means for the insert in the hammer
10; 01010; 010
Spalt zwischen Amboss und HammerkopfGap between anvil and hammer head
1111
Langloch im Einsatzstück einer AusführungsformLong hole in the insert of one embodiment
011011
Zylindrische Bohrung im Einsatzstück einer zweiten AusführungsformCylindrical bore in the insert of a second embodiment
1212th
Wange gegenüber der Wange 8 des Langlochs im EinsatzstückCheek opposite the cheek 8 of the elongated hole in the insert
012012
Wange an einem Ende der außermittigen zylindrischen Bohrung im EinsatzstückCheek at one end of the eccentric cylindrical bore in the insert
15; 01515; 015
Drehrichtung des RotorsDirection of rotation of the rotor
1818th
Wange gegenüber Wange 012 der außermittigen zylindrischen Bohrung im EinsatzstückCheek opposite cheek 012 of the eccentric cylindrical bore in the insert

Claims (7)

  1. Hammer strike iron for a comminution machine with a stationary anvil (2; 12), wherein the hammer strike iron (4; 14) is mounted pivotably on a rotor (3) of the comminution machine by means of a swivel pin (6; 16),
    wherein an insert piece (7; 17) is provided in the hammer strike iron, which insert piece contains a receiving opening (11; 011) with a first bearing surface (8; 18) and an opposite second bearing surface (12; 012) for the swivel pin and which can be installed in the hammer strike iron in a first orientation or in a second orientation rotated through 180°, wherein the first bearing surface in the first orientation and the second bearing surface in the second orientation are at different distances from the hammer head (5; 15),
    characterized in that the receiving opening is an elongated hole (11) which is formed eccentrically in the insert piece so that cheeks of the insert piece serving as bearing surfaces which are opposite in the longitudinal direction of the hammer head have different wall thicknesses.
  2. Hammer strike iron according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert piece (7; 17) is made of high-strength steel.
  3. Hammer strike iron according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the bearing surfaces have lubrication holes which can be connected to a central lubrication device.
  4. Hammer strike iron according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insert piece (7; 17) is guided for fit in a recess in the hammer strike iron.
  5. Comminution machine with hammer strike irons (4; 14) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, the bearing surfaces of which have defined distances to a stationary anvil (2; 12).
  6. Comminution machine according to claim 5, characterized in that a plurality of hammer strike irons (4; 14) are mounted on the swivel pin so close together that adjacent hammer strike irons (4; 14) prevent the insert piece (7; 17) from falling out.
  7. Method of operating a comminution machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a plurality of insert pieces (7; 17) each having different bearing surfaces are kept in stock so that the width of the gap (10; 010) between anvil (2; 12) and hammer head (5; 15) can be adjusted.
EP15737962.9A 2014-04-30 2015-04-23 Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron Active EP3137217B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15737962T PL3137217T3 (en) 2014-04-30 2015-04-23 Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014006354.2A DE102014006354B4 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Crusher with fixed anvil and rotating hammer (eg hammer mills or shredders)
DE102014016322.9A DE102014016322A1 (en) 2014-07-17 2014-10-28 Crusher with fixed anvil and rotating hammer (eg hammer mills or shredders)
PCT/DE2015/000198 WO2015165433A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2015-04-23 Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3137217A1 EP3137217A1 (en) 2017-03-08
EP3137217B1 true EP3137217B1 (en) 2021-04-14

Family

ID=54325868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15737962.9A Active EP3137217B1 (en) 2014-04-30 2015-04-23 Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US20170065982A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3137217B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6562949B2 (en)
CN (1) CN106488805B (en)
CA (1) CA2947336C (en)
DE (1) DE102014006354B4 (en)
DK (1) DK3137217T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2864724T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3137217T3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019005890A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Trenn- und Sortiertechnik GmbH Impact mill for crushing solids
CN117960303B (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-07-05 安徽省新山鑫环保机械设备有限公司 Sand and stone crushing device
CN118287207A (en) * 2024-06-05 2024-07-05 河南工学院 Waste concrete reclaimed material processingequipment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2947336A1 (en) 2015-11-05
ES2864724T3 (en) 2021-10-14
DK3137217T3 (en) 2021-04-26
JP6562949B2 (en) 2019-08-21
CN106488805A (en) 2017-03-08
DE102014006354A1 (en) 2015-11-05
DE102014006354B4 (en) 2016-12-22
CA2947336C (en) 2022-03-15
PL3137217T3 (en) 2021-07-12
CN106488805B (en) 2018-10-09
US20170065982A1 (en) 2017-03-09
EP3137217A1 (en) 2017-03-08
JP2017514677A (en) 2017-06-08

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