EP3133238B1 - Tunnel construction system - Google Patents

Tunnel construction system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3133238B1
EP3133238B1 EP16163987.7A EP16163987A EP3133238B1 EP 3133238 B1 EP3133238 B1 EP 3133238B1 EP 16163987 A EP16163987 A EP 16163987A EP 3133238 B1 EP3133238 B1 EP 3133238B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
milling
tunnel
rollers
milling rollers
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EP16163987.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3133238A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Zehnder
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Zehmei AG
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Zehmei AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunneling system with a milling machine for trenchless construction of a tunnel through the ground.
  • a system for building a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements one behind the other is a milling machine for trenchless construction of a tunnel through the ground.
  • a tunneling system for trenchless construction of a tunnel is in CH708408 disclosed.
  • There a method and a device for pulling in tunnel elements by means of threaded tension rods are described, which run outside the tunnel elements in bores from a starting portal through the ground to a destination portal.
  • a jacking part and tunnel elements are pulled into the ground using press cylinders at the start portal.
  • Milling machines for tunnel construction are known.
  • a machine for excavating soil when driving tunnels with several scraper rollers is disclosed. These are arranged offset one above the other in that the axes of rotation of one scraper drum are in a first front plane and the axes of rotation of further scraper drums are in a second rear plane.
  • the scraper rollers can be rotated in both directions and moved horizontally forwards and backwards.
  • DE 1 205 576 discloses a tunneling system with rollers for excavating soil which are arranged vertically offset from one another. In addition, the rollers can be moved horizontally forwards and backwards.
  • a system for trenchless construction of a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements, in particular rectangular reinforced concrete pipes is disclosed.
  • the tunneling system has a start portal and a destination portal, which are connected to tie rods, in particular threaded tie rods, which are arranged in bores through the ground.
  • the bores run through the ground outside the cross-sectional area of the tunnel elements to be pulled in.
  • Several press cylinders or electric motors with screw drives are arranged on the side of the start portal and are in operative connection with the destination portal via the clamping elements.
  • the tunnel elements are pulled into the ground by means of the press cylinder or electric motors with screw drives.
  • the target portal can be used as an anchor when building the tunnel.
  • a milling machine preferably a full-cut milling machine, is arranged on the system in operative connection with the first tunnel element in the advance direction of the system.
  • the milling machine as a whole has several individually controllable drilling milling drums, all of which are arranged in a plane at the front end of the first tunnel element.
  • Several drilling milling drums are arranged one above the other, in that the shafts of the rollers run vertically one above the other and parallel to one another.
  • Each of the drilling milling drums has a drive assigned to it.
  • the milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially and next to one another have arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed. Each of the roller parts forms a roller for itself.
  • the milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed, and a drive box or an empty box is arranged between the individual roller parts of each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other and the drilling milling drums are each laterally horizontally oscillating in the direction of their shafts, wherein the drilling milling drums for removing soil can be moved laterally in a horizontally oscillating manner at least in the area of the drive box and empty box.
  • the tunnel elements consist, for example, of a reinforced concrete pipe, for example in a square shape.
  • each boring milling drum consists of several individual drum parts arranged next to one another, the milling machine as such has a modular structure, with each individual drum part representing a module.
  • a modular structure of this type enables the individual modules to be set up and, in particular, also expanded by two people using a lifting crane or the like. This allows, for example, the removal of a single boring milling drum in the event that an obstacle such as a boulder is in the ground. After removing the roller, the obstacle can be removed manually and the roller can then be reinserted to continue working in full milling mode.
  • the roller parts are each made up of two half-shells without a continuous drive shaft. This further facilitates the removal and installation of a roller.
  • the drives for the drilling milling drums are each arranged between two of the drum parts in a drive box. So in the area of the drives none can Milling function are carried out. In order to achieve milling over as large an area as possible, in particular also in the area of the drives and thus a full-cut milling function, in one embodiment of the invention the individual drilling milling drums can be moved laterally in the direction of their shafts, horizontally oscillating. This means that the soil can also be removed in the area of the drives and thus over the entire width of the milling machine and the tunneling system.
  • the laterally oscillating mobility is realized by means of a drive, a thread and a guide, which are designed to move all the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other as a whole over at least the area of a drive of the drilling milling drums laterally horizontally.
  • the plurality of drilling milling drums arranged one above the other can each be driven individually at a respective individual speed. This enables an individual adjustment of the speed of each individual roller according to the nature and density of the soil in the area of each roller.
  • the modular design enables any necessary expansion of a single roller to remove boulders, after which the roller in question is reinstalled and the full cut function can be continued. After such interruptions have ended, the individual drive of the individual drilling milling drums, together with the oscillating horizontal mobility of the drums, enables an especially continuous full-cut milling function, which can be carried out continuously by a single operator, even with irregular soil, by keeping the drives of the individual drums visually and audibly be regulated.
  • the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated downwards, in that the roller can be rotated downwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil is rotatable downwards and then downwards is transported to the rear of the roller. This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the ground is hard and tight.
  • the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated upwards, in that the roller can be rotated upwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil upwards and then backwards to the rear the roller is transported.
  • This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the soil is loose and soft.
  • This direction of rotation has multiple advantages.
  • most of the milled soil falls into the interior of the tunneling system, i.e. the material is moved up on the outer side of each roller and then backwards and then falls to the ground on the inner side of the respective roller. This means that no or very little material falls on the outer side of the milling cutter.
  • the removal of the milled material is therefore much easier.
  • mining material is prevented from sliding down.
  • the upward movement of the milled earth material creates an upward pressure, so that the material above the drilling milling drums, which forms the material of the cover, is compacted.
  • the tunnel construction with the system according to the invention results in fewer subsidence of the material of the covering. Should subsidence nevertheless arise, such subsidence would be discovered quickly and even while the tunnel was being built, because the thickness of the cover of the tunnel being constructed is relatively small. These subsidence can then be corrected while the tunnel is being built.
  • known tunneling systems on the other hand, a relatively large covering of the tunnel is necessary, and subsidence can only be recognized much later. These then have to be remedied by opening a new construction site, which causes additional work and a possible interruption of traffic through the tunnel.
  • the individual drilling and milling drums each have round chisels that are oriented at an angle to the radial line of the roll, so that they are directed upwards on their outermost surface facing the ground.
  • the drives for the drilling milling drums and drives for the horizontal movement of the drums are implemented by electric motors. These enable the rollers to be driven, the sensitivity of which is equal to that of a hydraulic motor.
  • the use of electric motors also has the significant advantage that contamination of the soil by leaking oil is completely prevented and risks of contamination are excluded and there is no effort to remedy the contamination.
  • a conveyor belt system is arranged in the interior of the tunnel construction system for transporting away the milled soil.
  • this conveyor belt system consists of several belts running in parallel.
  • the gaps between the individual belts are covered by a T-profile to prevent the system from clogging with falling material.
  • the tunneling system comprises rolls of flat material, e.g. in the form of sheet metal that can be pulled in between the ground and tunnel elements when driving.
  • the rolls of sheet material are located on the top or bottom of the building system, or both. In this way the pull-in resistance can be minimized, as, among other things, it prevents earth material from being pushed in when the tunnel elements are drawn in.
  • the tunneling system also has a device for injecting and distributing lubricant between the flat material and the tunnel element.
  • the tunneling system has a guide roller which is non-positively mounted on the start portal above the upper ceiling wall and below the lower floor wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel elements. This serves to avoid deviations in escape, fallen or Avoid inclines if possible.
  • the tunnel construction system has a steel structure with steel brackets running transversely to the direction in which the tunnel elements are drawn in, which is firmly anchored to a concrete floor slab made by the customer on which the start portal stands.
  • two U-profiles adjustable in height and laterally are mounted on the steel consoles. These enable corrections of lateral deviations as well as deviations in the height of the tunnel elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the tunnel construction system T with a pull-in device for tunnel construction elements, as it appears when prefabricated tunnel elements 5 are pulled into the ground E.
  • the tunnel to be constructed as an underpass or accessible media channel under a railway line or road is located between a start portal 1 and the destination portal 2, which each have recesses for the tunnel elements 5 made of rectangular concrete pipes and for clamping elements 3. These extend from the destination portal 2 to beyond the start portal 1 and make it possible to use the destination portal 2 as counter anchoring when the tunnel elements 5 are pulled in by pull-in drives 11.
  • the start portal 1 stands on a reinforced concrete slab.
  • the clamping elements 3 are screwed to the destination portal 2 and to the start portal 1 via steel girders 4. Suitable clamping elements include Bars, e.g. Prestressing steel bars.
  • the end of a respective clamping element 5 at the start portal 1 is in operative connection with a draw-in drive 11.
  • the draw-in drive 11 each comprises a press cylinder or electric motor with a screw drive 11, which are connected to the machine unit (not shown) and can be controlled individually.
  • the electric motors with screw drives or press cylinders act so that the end of a tensioning element 3 can be passed through, with press cylinders e.g. are hydraulic and designed as a cavity cylinder.
  • the end of the tensioning element 3 can be fixedly connected to the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a detachable connection.
  • the end has a thread which can be secured on the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a screwable retaining plate.
  • the tunnel construction system T has a milling machine 8 with an electric drive as the driving part, which is fastened to the first tunnel construction element 5 by means of support elements 7 shown schematically here.
  • the milling machine 8 is in particular a full-cut milling machine and has a plurality of drilling milling drums 20 with shafts 21 arranged one above the other.
  • the earth material milled off by the milling machine 8 is conveyed by the rollers 20 to the rear into the interior of the tunneling system, where it falls down onto a conveyor belt system 50 and is conveyed by this to the outside for removal.
  • the tunneling system T also has two sheet metal rollers 6, which are attached to the first tunnel element 5 at the top and bottom and during the moving in of the Tunnel element are unrolled so that a sheet 6 'comes to lie between the soil E and the upper ceiling wall and the bottom of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 and there significantly reduces the resistance of the pull-in.
  • the system has a lubricant device with lubricant channels 9.
  • Figure 2 shows a rectangular tunnel element 5 and the tensioning elements 3 laid in the ground E.
  • the sheet metal 6 'of sheet metal rolls 6 in Figure 1 is rolled over the top wall and under the bottom of the tunnel element 5 on rollers 6a.
  • a lubricant is pressed into the space between the sheet metal and the concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 via channels 9.
  • Figures 3a and b show the lubricant device 9 in detail with a lubricant pump, lubricant supply pipes 16, vertical lubricant supply pipes 17 through the concrete ceiling or through the concrete floor and horizontal distribution channels 17 'parallel to the surface of the horizontally lying metal sheets.
  • FIGS 4a and b , 5 and 6a , b show in detail an embodiment of a milling machine 8 of the tunneling system according to the invention from different angles.
  • it has four rollers 20 arranged one above the other, the number of rollers being arbitrary. They are mounted on shafts 21 which run parallel to one another and are arranged vertically one above the other so that they cover the entire flat, vertical surface to be milled.
  • Each of the four rollers 20 has, as in FIG Figures 4a , b , and 6a , b shown, a drive associated with it with an electric motor 22-25, which can rotate the rollers 20 in both directions.
  • the gears for rotating the rollers are each housed in gear box 26. These are in Figure 4a visible for the two middle rollers 20.
  • FIG. 5 shows the rollers 20 of the milling machine 8 in a view from the front and in particular the modular structure of the rollers 20 and the gear box 26.
  • the rollers 20 each consist of three on the side arranged roller parts 20a, b, c, which are equipped with round chisels 27.
  • the arrangement of the drives and empty boxes 26 ' is in connection with Figures 6a , b explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 5 also shows the housing 28 of the milling machine, the housing 28 being shown cut out in the area of the milling, in order to show the milling as a whole.
  • the milling machine 8 is fastened to the housing 28 of the driving part, the fastening being realized by means of the drive boxes 26 and empty boxes 26 'and to the boxes 26, 26' and the support elements 7.
  • the support elements 7 are screwed to the lateral housing wall 28 by screw connections 7a and the housing wall 28 is in turn made in the side wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 Figure 1 anchored, which is drawn into the ground with the tunneling system.
  • the shafts 21 are each also attached to the side wall of the housing 28.
  • the electric motors for the drives 22 and 25 for the top and bottom rollers 20 are each arranged at an angle for reasons of space, as in FIG Figure 4a and 6a , b shown. Due to the inclined arrangement of the lowest and uppermost motors 22 and 25, the electric motors 23 and 24 of the drives for the two middle rollers 20 are arranged laterally offset relative to the motors 22 and 25, as in FIG Figures 6a , b shown.
  • Figure 6a shows the oblique arrangement of the motors 22 for the top and bottom rollers 20 and their gear boxes 26. Empty boxes 26 ′ are arranged between the roller parts 20 a and b of the two middle rollers 20 in the vertical between these two motors 22 and 25. The gear box 26 and empty box 23 'in a vertical line are each connected to one another.
  • Figure 6b shows the motors 23 and 24 for the two middle rollers 20, which are arranged between the roller parts 20c and b.
  • Figure 6b also shows the connection of the gear box 26 and the empty box 26 'with the support elements 7, which, as mentioned, are connected to the housing wall and the concrete wall of the tunnel element.
  • the support elements 7 also serve as a guide for the laterally horizontal oscillating movement of all drilling milling drums 20 as a whole.
  • a drive with motor 30 and thread 31 is connected to the upper support element 7.
  • FIGS. 4a , b , and 6a , b also show the chassis 40 of the drive part with milling machine. This comprises support elements 41 and 42, the support elements 42 being connected to the housing wall 28.
  • the round chisels 27 of the rollers 20 are directed upwards, ie they are oriented at an angle from the radial line of the rollers so that they are directed upwards on the outer side facing the ground.
  • These rollers are oriented to rotate upwards, ie upwards on the outer side of the roller. This pushes the milled material upwards, compacting the soil above the tunneling system. This leads to the advantages as described above.
  • the material is pushed upwards and then backwards into the interior of the machine, where it falls down and from there is transported by the conveyor belt system 50 to the outside to the start portal, as in FIG Figure 1 shown.
  • the milled material from each roller is moved downwards and onto theirs
  • the bottom is conveyed to the rear, where it falls on the inner side of the roller down onto the conveyor belts and is conveyed from there to the start portal.
  • the tunnel construction system has a conveyor belt system 50 for the removal of the milled off material, which is arranged in the lower region of the driving part, as in FIG Figures 4a , b and 6a , b shown.
  • the plant 50 as in Figure 7 shown in detail, has three longitudinally and parallel arranged horizontal conveyor belts 51, 52, which convey material to the rear. Material from the two outer belts 51 is transported laterally towards the center onto the centrally arranged conveyor belt 52 by means of two further conveyor belts 53, the conveyor belts 53 being perpendicular to the conveyor belts 51 and 52.
  • the conveyor belt system 50 is operated by an electric motor 54.
  • the milling machine 8 has deflector plates 55 which are arranged at the level of the lateral ends of the rollers 20 and serve to direct falling material onto the lateral conveyor belts 51 and to prevent material from falling outside the belts.
  • T-profiles 56 are arranged between the outer conveyor belts 51 and the central conveyor belt 52, as in FIG Figures 8a and b shown, which prevent the milling material from falling between the individual longitudinal conveyor belts 51, 52, in particular when the material is being transported laterally from the outer conveyor belts 52 onto the central conveyor belt 51, and preventing the system from clogging.
  • One side 56 'of the T-profile is arranged below the movable belt 51' of the outer conveyor belt 51 while the other side 56 "of the T-profile is arranged above the movable belt 52 'of the central conveyor belt 52.
  • the T-profile 56 is firmly mounted so that it does not move with the movable belts 51 'and 52'.
  • the sheet metal rollers 6 are shown, of which a sheet metal 6' each over a roller 6a between the concrete ceiling or the concrete floor of the square tunnel element and is drawn into the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Tunnelbausystem mit einer Fräsmaschine zur grabenlosen Erstellung eines Tunnels durch ein Erdreich. Es betrifft insbesondere ein System zum Bau eines Tunnels durch Einziehen von mehreren Tunnelelementen hintereinander.The invention relates to a tunneling system with a milling machine for trenchless construction of a tunnel through the ground. In particular, it relates to a system for building a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements one behind the other.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Ein Tunnelbausystem zur grabenlosen Erstellung eines Tunnels ist in CH708408 offenbart. Dort sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einziehen von Tunnelelementen mittels Gewinde-Spannstäben beschrieben, die ausserhalb der Tunnelelemente in Bohrungen von einem Startportal durch das Erdreich zu einem Zielportal verlaufen. Mittels Presszylindern am Startportal werden ein Vortriebsteil und Tunnelelemente ins Erdreich eingezogen.A tunneling system for trenchless construction of a tunnel is in CH708408 disclosed. There a method and a device for pulling in tunnel elements by means of threaded tension rods are described, which run outside the tunnel elements in bores from a starting portal through the ground to a destination portal. A jacking part and tunnel elements are pulled into the ground using press cylinders at the start portal.

Fräsmaschinen für den Tunnelbau sind bekannt. In der DE 1534632 ist beispielsweise eine Maschine zum Abbau von Erdreich beim Vortrieb von Tunneln mit mehreren Schürfwalzen offenbart. Diese sind versetzt übereinander angeordnet, indem die Drehachsen der einen Schürfwalzen in einer ersten vorderen Ebene und die Drehachsen von weiteren Schürfwalzen in einer zweiten hinteren Ebene liegen. Die Schürfwalzen sind dabei in beiden Richtungen drehbar und waagerecht vor- und rückwärts verschiebbar.Milling machines for tunnel construction are known. In the DE 1534632 For example, a machine for excavating soil when driving tunnels with several scraper rollers is disclosed. These are arranged offset one above the other in that the axes of rotation of one scraper drum are in a first front plane and the axes of rotation of further scraper drums are in a second rear plane. The scraper rollers can be rotated in both directions and moved horizontally forwards and backwards.

DE 1 205 576 offenbart ein Tunnelbausystem mit Walzen zum Abbau von Erdreich die vertikal versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. Zudem sind die Walzen waagerecht vor- und rückwärts verschiebbar. DE 1 205 576 discloses a tunneling system with rollers for excavating soil which are arranged vertically offset from one another. In addition, the rollers can be moved horizontally forwards and backwards.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Tunnelbausystem der eingangs erläuterten Art zu schaffen, das eine dafür geeignete Fräsmaschine umfasst, um einen möglichst kosten- und aufwandseffizienten Tunnelbau zu realisieren.It is the object of the present invention to create a tunnel construction system of the type explained at the beginning, which comprises a milling machine suitable for this, in order to realize a tunnel construction which is as cost-effective and efficient as possible.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Gemäss Anspruch 1 ist ein System zum grabenlosen Bau eines Tunnels mittels Einziehen von mehreren Tunnelelementen, insbesondere Rechteck-Stahlbetonrohre offenbart. Das Tunnelbausystem weist ein Startportal sowie ein Zielportal auf, die mit Spannstäben, insbesondere Gewinde-Spannstäben verbunden sind, die in Bohrungen durch das Erdreich angeordnet sind. Dabei verlaufen die Bohrungen durch das Erdreich ausserhalb des Querschnittsbereichs der einzuziehenden Tunnelelemente. Mehrere Presszylinder oder Elektromotoren mit Gewindegetriebe sind auf der Seite des Startportals angeordnet und stehen über die Spannelemente in Wirkverbindung mit dem Zielportal. Mittels der Presszylinder oder Elektromotoren mit Gewindegetriebe werden die Tunnelelemente ins Erdreich eingezogen. Das Zielportal ist bei der Errichtung des Tunnels als Verankerung einsetzbar. Dadurch werden die Tunnelelemente nicht eingepresst sondern eingezogen, wodurch u.a. Baulärm und Erschütterungen in reduziertem Masse auftreten.
Gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Fräsmaschine, vorzugsweise Vollschnittfräsmaschine, in Wirkverbindung mit dem in Vortriebsrichtung des Systems ersten Tunnelelement an diesem angeordnet.According to claim 1, a system for trenchless construction of a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements, in particular rectangular reinforced concrete pipes, is disclosed. The tunneling system has a start portal and a destination portal, which are connected to tie rods, in particular threaded tie rods, which are arranged in bores through the ground. The bores run through the ground outside the cross-sectional area of the tunnel elements to be pulled in. Several press cylinders or electric motors with screw drives are arranged on the side of the start portal and are in operative connection with the destination portal via the clamping elements. The tunnel elements are pulled into the ground by means of the press cylinder or electric motors with screw drives. The target portal can be used as an anchor when building the tunnel. As a result, the tunnel elements are not pressed in but pulled in, which among other things reduces construction noise and vibrations.
According to the present invention, a milling machine, preferably a full-cut milling machine, is arranged on the system in operative connection with the first tunnel element in the advance direction of the system.

Die Fräsmaschine weist als Ganzes mehrere einzeln ansteuerbare Bohrfräswalzen auf, die sämtliche in einer Ebene am vorderen Ende des ersten Tunnelelements angeordnet sind. Dabei sind mehrere Bohrfräswalzen übereinander angeordnet, indem die Wellen der Walzen vertikal übereinander und parallel zueinander verlaufen. Jede der Bohrfräswalzen weist einen ihr zugeordneten Antrieb auf. Zudem ist die Fräsmaschine modular aufgebaut, indem jede der übereinander angeordneten Bohrfräswalzen mindestens drei nebeneinander und koaxial angeordnete Walzenteile aufweisen, die einzeln aus- und einbaubar sind. Dabei bildet jedes der Walzenteile eine Walze für sich.
Die Fräsmaschine ist modular aufgebaut, indem jede der übereinander angeordneten Bohrfräswalzen mindestens drei koaxial angeordnete Walzenteile aufweisen, die einzeln aus- und einbaubar sind, und zwischen den einzelnen Walzenteilen jeder der übereinander angeordneten Bohrfräswalzen jeweils ein Antriebskasten oder ein leerer Kasten angeordnet ist
und die Bohrfräswalzen jeweils in Richtung ihrer Wellen seitlich horizontal oszillierend bewegbar sind, wobei
die Bohrfräswalzen zur Abtragung von Erde mindestens im Bereich der Antriebskasten und leeren Kasten seitlich horizontal oszillierend bewegbar sind.The milling machine as a whole has several individually controllable drilling milling drums, all of which are arranged in a plane at the front end of the first tunnel element. Several drilling milling drums are arranged one above the other, in that the shafts of the rollers run vertically one above the other and parallel to one another. Each of the drilling milling drums has a drive assigned to it. In addition, the milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially and next to one another have arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed. Each of the roller parts forms a roller for itself.
The milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed, and a drive box or an empty box is arranged between the individual roller parts of each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other
and the drilling milling drums are each laterally horizontally oscillating in the direction of their shafts, wherein
the drilling milling drums for removing soil can be moved laterally in a horizontally oscillating manner at least in the area of the drive box and empty box.

Die Tunnelelemente bestehen zum Beispiel aus einem Stahlbetonrohr, zum Beispiel in viereckiger Form.The tunnel elements consist, for example, of a reinforced concrete pipe, for example in a square shape.

Indem jede Bohrfräswalze aus mehreren einzelnen nebeneinander angeordneten Walzenteilen besteht, ist die Fräsmaschine als solche modular aufgebaut, wobei jedes einzelne Walzenteil ein Modul darstellt. Ein derartiger modularer Aufbau ermöglicht einen Aufbau und insbesondere auch einen Ausbau der einzelnen Module durch zwei Personen mithilfe eines Hebekrans oder ähnlichem. Dies ermöglicht zum Beispiel den Ausbau einer einzelnen Bohrfräswalze im Fall, dass sich ein Hindernis wie ein Findling im Erdreich befindet. Nach Ausbau der Walze, kann das Hindernis manuell entfernt werden und die Walze sodann wieder eingesetzt werden, um in Vollfräsfunktion weiter zu arbeiten.Since each boring milling drum consists of several individual drum parts arranged next to one another, the milling machine as such has a modular structure, with each individual drum part representing a module. A modular structure of this type enables the individual modules to be set up and, in particular, also expanded by two people using a lifting crane or the like. This allows, for example, the removal of a single boring milling drum in the event that an obstacle such as a boulder is in the ground. After removing the roller, the obstacle can be removed manually and the roller can then be reinserted to continue working in full milling mode.

In einer Ausführung des Tunnelbausystems sind die Walzenteile jeweils aus zwei Halbschalen ohne durchgehende Antriebswelle aufgebaut. Dies erleichtert den Aus- und Einbau einer Walze weiter.In one version of the tunneling system, the roller parts are each made up of two half-shells without a continuous drive shaft. This further facilitates the removal and installation of a roller.

Die Antriebe der Bohrfräswalzen sind jeweils zwischen zwei der Walzenteile in einem Antriebskasten angeordnet. Im Bereich der Antriebe kann also keine Fräsfunktion ausgeführt werden. Um ein Fräsen über eine möglichst grosse Fläche, insbesondere auch im Bereich der Antriebe und somit eine Vollschnittfräsfunktion zu realisieren, sind in einer Ausführung der Erfindung die einzelnen Bohrfräswalzen seitlich jeweils in Richtung ihrer Wellen horizontal oszillierend bewegbar. Dadurch kann das Erdreich auch im Bereich der Antriebe und somit über die gesamte Breite der Fräsmaschine und des Tunnelbausystems abgetragen werden.The drives for the drilling milling drums are each arranged between two of the drum parts in a drive box. So in the area of the drives none can Milling function are carried out. In order to achieve milling over as large an area as possible, in particular also in the area of the drives and thus a full-cut milling function, in one embodiment of the invention the individual drilling milling drums can be moved laterally in the direction of their shafts, horizontally oscillating. This means that the soil can also be removed in the area of the drives and thus over the entire width of the milling machine and the tunneling system.

In einer Ausführung ist die seitlich oszillierende Bewegbarkeit mittels einem Antrieb, einem Gewinde und einer Führung realisiert, die dafür ausgelegt sind, alle übereinander angeordneten Bohrfräswalzen insgesamt über mindestens den Bereich eines Antriebs der Bohrfräswalzen seitlich horizontal zu bewegen.In one embodiment, the laterally oscillating mobility is realized by means of a drive, a thread and a guide, which are designed to move all the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other as a whole over at least the area of a drive of the drilling milling drums laterally horizontally.

In einer Ausführung des Tunnelbausystems sind die mehreren übereinander angeordneten Bohrfräswalzen jeweils einzeln bei jeweils individueller Drehzahl antreibbar. Dies ermöglicht eine individuelle Anpassung der Drehzahl jeder einzelnen Walze entsprechend der Beschaffenheit und Dichte des Erdreichs im Bereich jeder Walze.In one embodiment of the tunneling system, the plurality of drilling milling drums arranged one above the other can each be driven individually at a respective individual speed. This enables an individual adjustment of the speed of each individual roller according to the nature and density of the soil in the area of each roller.

Der modulare Aufbau ermöglicht den allenfalls notwendigen Ausbau einer einzelnen Walze zur Entfernung von Findlingen, wonach die betreffende Walze wieder eingebaut wird und die Vollschnittfunktion fortgesetzt werden kann. Nach Beenden von solchen Unterbrüchen, ermöglicht der individuelle Antrieb der einzelnen Bohrfräswalzen zusammen mit der oszillierenden horizontalen Bewegbarkeit der Walzen eine insbesondere kontinuierliche Vollschnittfräsfunktion, die auch bei unregelmässigem Erdreich kontinuierlich durch eine einzige Betriebsperson ausgeführt werden kann, indem die Antriebe der einzelnen Walzen auf Sicht und Gehör reguliert werden.
In einer Ausführung des Tunnelbausystems sind die Bohrfräswalzen und ihre Antriebe derart ausgestaltet, dass die Bohrfräswalzen nach unten drehbar sind, indem die Walze an ihrer äussersten, dem Erdreich zugewandten Fläche nach unten drehbar ist und das abgefräste Erdreich dabei nach unten und dann nach hinten zur Rückseite der Walze transportiert wird. Diese Drehrichtung ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn das Erdreich hart und dicht ist.The modular design enables any necessary expansion of a single roller to remove boulders, after which the roller in question is reinstalled and the full cut function can be continued. After such interruptions have ended, the individual drive of the individual drilling milling drums, together with the oscillating horizontal mobility of the drums, enables an especially continuous full-cut milling function, which can be carried out continuously by a single operator, even with irregular soil, by keeping the drives of the individual drums visually and audibly be regulated.
In one embodiment of the tunneling system, the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated downwards, in that the roller can be rotated downwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil is rotatable downwards and then downwards is transported to the rear of the roller. This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the ground is hard and tight.

In einer Ausführung des Tunnelbausystems sind die Bohrfräswalzen und ihre Antriebe derart ausgestaltet, dass die Bohrfräswalzen nach oben drehbar sind, indem die Walze an ihrer äussersten, dem Erdreich zugewandten Fläche nach oben drehbar ist und das abgefräste Erdreich dabei nach oben und dann nach hinten zur Rückseite der Walze transportiert wird. Diese Drehrichtung ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn das Erdreich locker und weich ist. Durch diese Drehrichtung entstehen vielfache Vorteile. Einerseits fällt das abgefräste Erdreich grösstenteils ins Innere des Tunnelbausystems, d.h. das Material wird auf der äusseren Seite jeder Walze nach oben und dann nach hinten bewegt und fällt sodann auf der inneren Seite der jeweiligen Walze zu Boden hinunter. Somit fällt kein oder sehr wenig Material auf die äussere Seite der Fräsen. Der Abtransport des abgefrästen Materials gestaltet sich dadurch sehr viel einfacher. Anderseits wird ein Nachrutschen von Abbaumaterial verhindert. Zudem entsteht durch die AufwärtsBewegung des abgefrästen Erdmaterials ein Druck nach oben, sodass das Material oberhalb der Bohrfräswalzen, welches das Material der Überdeckung bildet, verdichtet wird. Dadurch entstehen durch den Tunnelbau mit der erfindungsgemässen Anlage weniger Senkungen des Materials der Überdeckung. Sollten trotzdem Senkungen entstehen, würden solche Senkungen schnell und noch während des Tunnelbaus entdeckt werden, weil die Dicke der Überdeckung des errichteten Tunnels relativ klein ist. Diese Senkungen können dann noch während dem Bau des Tunnels behoben werden. Bei bekannten Tunnelbausystemen anderseits ist eine relativ grosse Überdeckung des Tunnels notwendig, und Senkungen können erst viel später erkannt werden. Diese müssen dann durch Eröffnung einer erneuten Baustelle behoben werden, was einen Zusatzaufwand und eine mögliche Unterbrechung des Verkehrs über den Tunnel verursacht.In one embodiment of the tunneling system, the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated upwards, in that the roller can be rotated upwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil upwards and then backwards to the rear the roller is transported. This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the soil is loose and soft. This direction of rotation has multiple advantages. On the one hand, most of the milled soil falls into the interior of the tunneling system, i.e. the material is moved up on the outer side of each roller and then backwards and then falls to the ground on the inner side of the respective roller. This means that no or very little material falls on the outer side of the milling cutter. The removal of the milled material is therefore much easier. On the other hand, mining material is prevented from sliding down. In addition, the upward movement of the milled earth material creates an upward pressure, so that the material above the drilling milling drums, which forms the material of the cover, is compacted. As a result, the tunnel construction with the system according to the invention results in fewer subsidence of the material of the covering. Should subsidence nevertheless arise, such subsidence would be discovered quickly and even while the tunnel was being built, because the thickness of the cover of the tunnel being constructed is relatively small. These subsidence can then be corrected while the tunnel is being built. In known tunneling systems, on the other hand, a relatively large covering of the tunnel is necessary, and subsidence can only be recognized much later. These then have to be remedied by opening a new construction site, which causes additional work and a possible interruption of traffic through the tunnel.

In einer Ausführung der Erfindung weisen die einzelnen Bohrfräswalzen jeweils Rundmeissel auf, die in einem Winkel zur Radialen der Walze ausgerichtet sind, sodass sie an ihrer äussersten, dem Erdreich zugewandten Fläche nach oben gerichtet sind.In one embodiment of the invention, the individual drilling and milling drums each have round chisels that are oriented at an angle to the radial line of the roll, so that they are directed upwards on their outermost surface facing the ground.

In einer Ausführung des erfindungsgemässen Tunnelbausystems sind die Antriebe der Bohrfräswalzen und Antriebe für die horizontale Bewegung der Walzen durch Elektromotoren realisiert. Diese ermöglichen einen Antrieb der Walzen, der in der Empfindlichkeit des Antriebs dem Antrieb durch einen Hydraulikmotor ebenbürtig ist. Der Einsatz von Elektromotoren erbringt zudem den heute gewichtigen Vorteil, dass eine Verschmutzung des Erdreichs durch auslaufendes Öl gänzlich verhindert wird und Risiken einer Verunreinigung ausgeschlossen sind und kein Aufwand einer Behebung von Verunreinigungen entsteht.In one embodiment of the tunnel construction system according to the invention, the drives for the drilling milling drums and drives for the horizontal movement of the drums are implemented by electric motors. These enable the rollers to be driven, the sensitivity of which is equal to that of a hydraulic motor. The use of electric motors also has the significant advantage that contamination of the soil by leaking oil is completely prevented and risks of contamination are excluded and there is no effort to remedy the contamination.

In einer Ausführung des erfindungsgemässen Tunnelbausystems ist im Innern des Tunnelbausystems eine Förderbandanlage zum Abtransportieren des abgefrästen Erdreichs angeordnet. In einer Ausführung besteht diese Förderbandanlage aus mehreren parallel laufenden Bändern. In einer besonderen Ausführung sind die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Bändern mittels eines T-Profils abgedeckt, um ein Verstopfen der Anlage durch herunterfallendes Material zu verhindern.In one embodiment of the tunnel construction system according to the invention, a conveyor belt system is arranged in the interior of the tunnel construction system for transporting away the milled soil. In one version, this conveyor belt system consists of several belts running in parallel. In a special embodiment, the gaps between the individual belts are covered by a T-profile to prevent the system from clogging with falling material.

In einer Ausführung des Tunnelbausystems weist das Tunnelbausystem Rollen von Flachmaterial auf, z.B. in Form von Blech, das beim Vortrieb zwischen Erdreich und Tunnelelementen miteingezogen werden kann. Die Rollen von Flachmaterial sind an der Oberseite oder Unterseite des Bausystems oder beides angeordnet. Dadurch kann der Einzugswiderstand minimiert werden, da u.a. verhindert wird, dass Erdmaterial beim Einziehen der Tunnelelemente mitgestossen wird. Das Tunnelbausystem weist zudem eine Vorrichtung zum Einpressen und Verteilen von Schmiermittel zwischen dem Flachmaterial und dem Tunnelelement.In one embodiment of the tunneling system the tunneling system comprises rolls of flat material, e.g. in the form of sheet metal that can be pulled in between the ground and tunnel elements when driving. The rolls of sheet material are located on the top or bottom of the building system, or both. In this way the pull-in resistance can be minimized, as, among other things, it prevents earth material from being pushed in when the tunnel elements are drawn in. The tunneling system also has a device for injecting and distributing lubricant between the flat material and the tunnel element.

In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung weist das Tunnelbausystem eine Führungsrolle auf, die über der oberen Deckenwand und unter der unteren Bodenwand des rechteckigen Betonrohrs der Tunnelelemente am Startportal kraftschlüssig montiert ist. Diese dient dazu, Abweichungen in Flucht, Gefällte oder Steigung möglichst zu vermeiden. Zudem weist das Tunnelbausystem eine Stahlkonstruktion mit quer zur Einzugsrichtung der Tunnelelemente verlaufenden Stahlkonsolen auf, die auf eine bauseits erstellte Betonbodenplatte auf der das Startportal steht, kraftschlüssig verankert ist. Zudem sind auf den Stahlkonsolen zwei in der Höhe und seitlich verstellbare U-Profile montiert. Diese ermöglichen Korrekturen von seitlichen Abweichungen sowie Abweichungen in der Höhe der Tunnelelemente.In a further embodiment of the invention, the tunneling system has a guide roller which is non-positively mounted on the start portal above the upper ceiling wall and below the lower floor wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel elements. This serves to avoid deviations in escape, fallen or Avoid inclines if possible. In addition, the tunnel construction system has a steel structure with steel brackets running transversely to the direction in which the tunnel elements are drawn in, which is firmly anchored to a concrete floor slab made by the customer on which the start portal stands. In addition, two U-profiles adjustable in height and laterally are mounted on the steel consoles. These enable corrections of lateral deviations as well as deviations in the height of the tunnel elements.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen vorteilhaften Bau eines Tunnels

  • ohne die Erstellung eines Grabens und somit ohne Umleitung von Verkehr, was die Kosten massgebend vermindert,
  • bei verminderter Erschütterung und Lärm,
  • bei verminderter Minimalüberdeckung des Tunnels,
  • in relativ kurzer Zeit aufgrund des gleichzeitigen Fräsens und Einziehens der Tunnelelemente sowie Abtransportierens des abgetragenen Erdreichs.
The invention enables an advantageous construction of a tunnel
  • without creating a trench and thus without diversion of traffic, which significantly reduces costs,
  • with reduced vibration and noise,
  • with reduced minimum coverage of the tunnel,
  • in a relatively short time due to the simultaneous milling and pulling in of the tunnel elements as well as removal of the excavated soil.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung folgen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in welcher die Erfindung anhand eines in den schematischen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert wird. Es zeigt:Further advantages of the invention follow from the dependent patent claims and from the following description, in which the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown in the schematic drawings. It shows:

Kurze Beschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Fig. 1Fig. 1
eine gesamte Seitenansicht des Tunnelbausystems gemäss der Erfindung.an overall side view of the tunneling system according to the invention.
Fig. 2Fig. 2
eine Querschnittsansicht eines Tunnelelements gemäss II-II in Figur 1 mit den Spannelementen ausserhalb dieses Querschnitts.a cross-sectional view of a tunnel element according to II-II in Figure 1 with the clamping elements outside this cross-section.
Fig. 3Fig. 3
a) und b) eine schematische Darstellung einer Schmiermitteleinrichtung zur Verminderung der Reibung zwischen Tunnelelement und horizontalem Flachmaterial bzw. Blech.a) and b) a schematic representation of a lubricant device for reducing the friction between the tunnel element and the horizontal flat material or sheet metal.
Fig. 4a bis 6bFigures 4a to 6b
die Fräsmaschine des erfindungsgemässen Tunnelbausystems als Ganzes, wovonthe milling machine of the tunneling system according to the invention as a whole, of which
Fig. 4aFigure 4a
eine Seitenansicht der Fräsmaschinea side view of the milling machine
Fig. 4bFigure 4b
Perspektivansicht der Fräsmaschine,Perspective view of the milling machine,
Fig. 5Fig. 5
eine Perspektivansicht der Fräsmaschine von vorne aus Sicht vom Zielportal mit Befestigung an der Seitenwand des Vortriebsteils,a perspective view of the milling machine from the front as seen from the target portal with attachment to the side wall of the driving part,
Fig. 6a, bFig. 6a, b
je eine Perspektivansicht der Fräsmaschine von hinten aus Sicht vom Startportal,a perspective view of the milling machine from the rear as seen from the start portal,
Fig. 7Fig. 7
eine Förderbandanlage zur Beförderung des abgefrästen Materials aus dem Tunnelbausystem heraus.a conveyor belt system to transport the milled material out of the tunneling system.
Fig. 8aFigure 8a
eine Ansicht der Förderbandanlage im Querschnitt gemäss VIIIa,b-VIIIa,b aus Fig. 7, insbesondere der Übergangsbereiche zwischen den Förderbändern,a view of the conveyor belt system in cross section according to VIIIa, b-VIIIa, b from Fig. 7 , especially the transition areas between the conveyor belts,
Fig. 8bFigure 8b
eine Detailansicht gemäss Vlllb-Vlllb in Figur 8a eines T-Profils zwischen den Förderbändern.a detailed view according to Vlllb-Vlllb in Figure 8a a T-profile between the conveyor belts.

In den Figuren sind für dieselben Elemente jeweils dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet worden und erstmalige Erklärungen betreffen alle Figuren, wenn nicht ausdrücklich anders erwähnt.In the figures, the same reference numerals have been used for the same elements and explanations for the first time relate to all figures, unless expressly stated otherwise.

Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt eine mögliche Ausführungsform des Tunnelbausystems T mit Einzugsvorrichtung für Tunnelbauelemente, wie sie sich beim Einzug von vorgefertigten Tunnelelementen 5 im Erdreich E darstellt. Der zu errichtende Tunnel als Unterführung oder begehbarer Medienkanal unter einer Bahnlinie oder Autostrasse befindet sich zwischen einem Startportal 1 und dem Zielportal 2, welche jeweils Aussparungen für die Tunnelelemente 5 aus rechteckigen Betonrohren sowie für Spannelemente 3 aufweisen. Diese erstrecken sich vom Zielportal 2 bis über das Startportal 1 hinaus und ermöglichen es, das Zielportal 2 als Gegenverankerung beim Einzug der Tunnelelemente 5 durch Einzugsantriebe 11 einsetzen zu können. Das Startportal 1 steht auf einer armierten Betonplatte. Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the tunnel construction system T with a pull-in device for tunnel construction elements, as it appears when prefabricated tunnel elements 5 are pulled into the ground E. The tunnel to be constructed as an underpass or accessible media channel under a railway line or road is located between a start portal 1 and the destination portal 2, which each have recesses for the tunnel elements 5 made of rectangular concrete pipes and for clamping elements 3. These extend from the destination portal 2 to beyond the start portal 1 and make it possible to use the destination portal 2 as counter anchoring when the tunnel elements 5 are pulled in by pull-in drives 11. The start portal 1 stands on a reinforced concrete slab.

Die Spannelemente 3 sind via Stahlträger 4 am Zielportal 2 sowie am Startportal 1 verschraubt. Als Spannelemente eignen sich u.a. Stäbe, z.B. Spannstahlstäbe. Das Ende eines jeweiligen Spannelements 5 beim Startportal 1 steht mit einem Einzugsantrieb 11 in Wirkverbindung. Der Einzugsantrieb 11 umfasst jeweils einen Presszylinder oder Elektromotor mit Gewindegetriebe 11, welche mit der (nicht dargestellten) Maschineneinheit verbunden und einzeln ansteuerbar sind. Die Elektromotoren mit Gewindegetriebe oder Presszylinder wirken, so dass das Ende eines Spannelements 3 hindurchführbar ist, wobei Presszylinder z.B. hydraulisch und als Hohlraumzylinder ausgebildet sind. Das Ende des Spannelements 3 ist mittels lösbarer Verbindung fest mit dem Gehäuse des Gewindegetriebes oder Presszylinders verbindbar. Zu diesem Zweck weist z.B. das Ende ein Gewinde auf, welches am Gehäuse des Gewindegetriebes oder Presszylinders mittels schraubbarer Rückhalteplatte gesichert werden kann.The clamping elements 3 are screwed to the destination portal 2 and to the start portal 1 via steel girders 4. Suitable clamping elements include Bars, e.g. Prestressing steel bars. The end of a respective clamping element 5 at the start portal 1 is in operative connection with a draw-in drive 11. The draw-in drive 11 each comprises a press cylinder or electric motor with a screw drive 11, which are connected to the machine unit (not shown) and can be controlled individually. The electric motors with screw drives or press cylinders act so that the end of a tensioning element 3 can be passed through, with press cylinders e.g. are hydraulic and designed as a cavity cylinder. The end of the tensioning element 3 can be fixedly connected to the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a detachable connection. For this purpose e.g. the end has a thread which can be secured on the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a screwable retaining plate.

Das Tunnelbausystem T weist gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Fräsmaschine 8 mit Elektroantrieb als Vortriebsteil auf, die mittels hier schematisch dargestellten Tragelementen 7 am ersten Tunnelbauelement 5 befestigt ist. Die Fräsmaschine 8 ist insbesondere eine Vollschnittfräsmaschine und weist mehrere übereinander angeordnete Bohrfräswalzen 20 mit Wellen 21 auf.
Das von der Fräsmaschine 8 abgefräste Erdmaterial wird durch die Walzen 20 nach hinten ins Innere des Tunnelbausystems befördert, wo es nach unten auf eine Förderbandanlage 50 fällt und durch diese für Abtransport nach aussen befördert wird.According to the present invention, the tunnel construction system T has a milling machine 8 with an electric drive as the driving part, which is fastened to the first tunnel construction element 5 by means of support elements 7 shown schematically here. The milling machine 8 is in particular a full-cut milling machine and has a plurality of drilling milling drums 20 with shafts 21 arranged one above the other.
The earth material milled off by the milling machine 8 is conveyed by the rollers 20 to the rear into the interior of the tunneling system, where it falls down onto a conveyor belt system 50 and is conveyed by this to the outside for removal.

Das Tunnelbausystem T weist zudem zwei Blechrollen 6 auf, die am ersten Tunnelelement 5 oben und unten befestigt sind und während des Einzugs des Tunnelelements abgerollt werden, sodass ein Blech 6' zwischen dem Erdreich E und der oberen Deckenwand und dem Boden des rechteckigen Betonrohrs des Tunnelelements 5 zu liegen kommt und dort den Widerstand des Einzugs massgeblich vermindert. Um den Widerstand weiter zu vermindern, weist das System eine Schmiermitteleinrichtung mit Schmiermittelkanälen 9 auf.The tunneling system T also has two sheet metal rollers 6, which are attached to the first tunnel element 5 at the top and bottom and during the moving in of the Tunnel element are unrolled so that a sheet 6 'comes to lie between the soil E and the upper ceiling wall and the bottom of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 and there significantly reduces the resistance of the pull-in. In order to further reduce the resistance, the system has a lubricant device with lubricant channels 9.

Figur 2 zeigt ein rechteckiges Tunnelelement 5 und die im Erdreich E verlegten Spannelemente 3. Das Blech 6' von Blechrollen 6 in Figur 1 wird über die Deckenwand und unter dem Boden des Tunnelelements 5 über Rollen 6a abgerollt. Ein Schmiermittel wird über Kanäle 9 in den Raum zwischen Blech und Betonrohr des Tunnelelements 5 eingepresst.
Figuren 3a und b zeigen die Schmiermitteleinrichtung 9 im Detail mit Schmiermittelpumpe, Schmiermittelzufuhrrohren 16, vertikalen Schmiermittelzufuhrrohren 17 durch die Betondecke oder durch den Betonboden und horizontale Verteilrinnen 17' parallel zur Fläche der horizontal liegenden Bleche. Figure 2 shows a rectangular tunnel element 5 and the tensioning elements 3 laid in the ground E. The sheet metal 6 'of sheet metal rolls 6 in Figure 1 is rolled over the top wall and under the bottom of the tunnel element 5 on rollers 6a. A lubricant is pressed into the space between the sheet metal and the concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 via channels 9.
Figures 3a and b show the lubricant device 9 in detail with a lubricant pump, lubricant supply pipes 16, vertical lubricant supply pipes 17 through the concrete ceiling or through the concrete floor and horizontal distribution channels 17 'parallel to the surface of the horizontally lying metal sheets.

Figuren 4a und b, 5 und 6a, b zeigen im Detail ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Fräsmaschine 8 des erfindungsgemässen Tunnelbausystems aus verschiedenen Winkeln. Sie weist in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel vier übereinander angeordnete Walzen 20 auf, wobei die Anzahl Walzen beliebig sein kann. Sie sind auf Wellen 21 gelagert, die parallel zueinander verlaufen und vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind, sodass sie die gesamte abzufräsende ebene, vertikale Fläche abdecken. Jede der vier Walzen 20 weist, wie in Figuren 4a, b, und 6a,b gezeigt, einen ihr zugeordneten Antrieb mit Elektromotor 22-25 auf, der jeweils die Walzen 20 in beiden Richtungen drehen kann. Die Getriebe für die Drehung der Walzen sind jeweils in Getriebekasten 26 untergebracht. Diese sind in Figur 4a für die beiden mittleren Walzen 20 sichtbar. Figures 4a and b , 5 and 6a , b show in detail an embodiment of a milling machine 8 of the tunneling system according to the invention from different angles. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it has four rollers 20 arranged one above the other, the number of rollers being arbitrary. They are mounted on shafts 21 which run parallel to one another and are arranged vertically one above the other so that they cover the entire flat, vertical surface to be milled. Each of the four rollers 20 has, as in FIG Figures 4a , b , and 6a , b shown, a drive associated with it with an electric motor 22-25, which can rotate the rollers 20 in both directions. The gears for rotating the rollers are each housed in gear box 26. These are in Figure 4a visible for the two middle rollers 20.

Figur 5 zeigt die Walzen 20 der Fräsmaschine 8 in einer Ansicht von vorne und insbesondere den modularen Aufbau der Walzen 20 sowie die Getriebekasten 26. In dem dortigen Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die Walzen 20 je aus drei seitlich angeordneten Walzenteile 20a, b, c, die mit Rundmeisseln 27 ausgerüstet sind. Zwischen den Walzenteilen 20a,b,c sind die Getriebekasten 26 sowie weitere Kasten 26' angeordnet, wobei die Kasten 26 je ein Getriebe für die Drehung der betreffenden Walzenteil 20a,b,c enthalten und die Kasten 26' leer sind. Die Anordnung der Antriebe und leeren Kasten 26' wird im Zusammenhang mit Figuren 6a, b näher erläutert.
Da im vertikalen Flächenbereich der Getriebekasten 26 und den leeren Kasten 26' keine Rundmeissel vorhanden sind, kann dort nicht gefräst werden. Die erfindungsgemässe horizontale Bewegbarkeit der Bohrfräswalzen 20 bewirkt jedoch, dass die Walzenteile 20a,b,c aller vier Walzen gesamthaft hin und her bewegt werden können und zwar über eine Distanz von mindestens der Breite eines Getriebekastens 26 oder leeren Kastens 26', sodass der Bereich der Kasten 26 und 26' ebenfalls durch die Walzenteile 20a,b,c mit den Rundmeisseln 27 bearbeitet wird und ein Vollschnitt erreicht wird.
Figur 5 zeigt zudem das Gehäuse 28 der Fräsmaschine, wobei das Gehäuse 28 im Bereich der Fräsen ausgespart dargestellt ist, um die Fräsen gesamthaft zu zeigen. Die Fräsmaschine 8 ist an dem Gehäuse 28 des Vortriebsteils befestigt, wobei die Befestigung mittels der Antriebskasten 26 und leeren Kasten 26' und an den Kasten 26, 26' und der Tragelemente 7 realisiert ist. Die Tragelemente 7 sind mit der seitlichen Gehäusewand 28 durch Schraubverbindungen 7a verschraubt und die Gehäusewand 28 ist wiederum in der Seitenwand des rechteckigen Betonrohrs des Tunnelelements 5 aus Figur 1 verankert, das mit dem Tunnelbausystem ins Erdreich eingezogen wird. Die Wellen 21 sind jeweils ebenfalls an der Seitenwand des Gehäuses 28 befestigt. Figure 5 shows the rollers 20 of the milling machine 8 in a view from the front and in particular the modular structure of the rollers 20 and the gear box 26. In the exemplary embodiment there, the rollers 20 each consist of three on the side arranged roller parts 20a, b, c, which are equipped with round chisels 27. The gear boxes 26 and further boxes 26 'are arranged between the roller parts 20a, b, c, the boxes 26 each containing a gearbox for rotating the relevant roller parts 20a, b, c and the boxes 26' being empty. The arrangement of the drives and empty boxes 26 'is in connection with Figures 6a , b explained in more detail.
Since there are no round chisels in the vertical surface area of the gear box 26 and the empty box 26 ', it cannot be milled there. The inventive horizontal mobility of the drilling milling drums 20, however, has the effect that the drum parts 20a, b, c of all four drums can be moved back and forth as a whole over a distance of at least the width of a gear box 26 or empty box 26 'so that the area of the Box 26 and 26 'is also processed by the roller parts 20a, b, c with the round chisels 27 and a full cut is achieved.
Figure 5 also shows the housing 28 of the milling machine, the housing 28 being shown cut out in the area of the milling, in order to show the milling as a whole. The milling machine 8 is fastened to the housing 28 of the driving part, the fastening being realized by means of the drive boxes 26 and empty boxes 26 'and to the boxes 26, 26' and the support elements 7. The support elements 7 are screwed to the lateral housing wall 28 by screw connections 7a and the housing wall 28 is in turn made in the side wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 Figure 1 anchored, which is drawn into the ground with the tunneling system. The shafts 21 are each also attached to the side wall of the housing 28.

Die Elektromotoren für die Antriebe 22 und 25 für die oberste und unterste Walze 20 sind aus Platzgründen jeweils schräg angeordnet, wie in Figur 4a und 6a, b gezeigt. Aufgrund der schrägen Anordnung des untersten und obersten Motors 22 und 25 sind die Elektromotoren 23 und 24 der Antriebe für die beiden mittleren Walzen 20 relativ zu den Motoren 22 und 25 seitlich versetzt angeordnet, wie in Figuren 6a, b gezeigt.The electric motors for the drives 22 and 25 for the top and bottom rollers 20 are each arranged at an angle for reasons of space, as in FIG Figure 4a and 6a , b shown. Due to the inclined arrangement of the lowest and uppermost motors 22 and 25, the electric motors 23 and 24 of the drives for the two middle rollers 20 are arranged laterally offset relative to the motors 22 and 25, as in FIG Figures 6a , b shown.

Figur 6a zeigt die schräge Anordnung der Motoren 22 für die oberste und unterste Walze 20 und deren Getriebekasten 26. In der Senkrechten zwischen diesen beiden Motoren 22 und 25 sind leere Kasten 26' zwischen den Walzenteilen 20a und b der beiden mittleren Walzen 20 angeordnet. Die Getriebekasten 26 und leeren Kasten 23' in einer Senkrechten sind jeweils miteinander verbunden.
Figur 6b zeigt die die Motoren 23 und 24 für die beiden mittleren Walzen 20, die zwischen den Walzenteilen 20c und b angeordnet sind. Figur 6b zeigt auch die Verbindung der Getriebekasten 26 und der leeren Kasten 26' mit den Tragelementen 7, welche wie erwähnt mit der Gehäusewand und der Betonwand des Tunnelelements verbunden sind.
Die Tragelemente 7 dienen zugleich auch als Führung für die seitlich horizontale oszillierende Bewegung aller Bohrfräswalzen 20 als Ganzes. Für die seitliche Bewegung ist ein Antrieb mit Motor 30 und Gewinde 31 mit dem oberen Tragelement 7 verbunden angeordnet. Figure 6a shows the oblique arrangement of the motors 22 for the top and bottom rollers 20 and their gear boxes 26. Empty boxes 26 ′ are arranged between the roller parts 20 a and b of the two middle rollers 20 in the vertical between these two motors 22 and 25. The gear box 26 and empty box 23 'in a vertical line are each connected to one another.
Figure 6b shows the motors 23 and 24 for the two middle rollers 20, which are arranged between the roller parts 20c and b. Figure 6b also shows the connection of the gear box 26 and the empty box 26 'with the support elements 7, which, as mentioned, are connected to the housing wall and the concrete wall of the tunnel element.
The support elements 7 also serve as a guide for the laterally horizontal oscillating movement of all drilling milling drums 20 as a whole. For the lateral movement, a drive with motor 30 and thread 31 is connected to the upper support element 7.

Die Figuren 4a, b, und 6a, b zeigen zudem das Chassis 40 des Vortriebteils mit Fräsmaschine. Dieses umfasst Tragelemente 41 und 42, wobei die Tragelemente 42 mit der Gehäusewand 28 verbunden sind.The Figures 4a , b , and 6a , b also show the chassis 40 of the drive part with milling machine. This comprises support elements 41 and 42, the support elements 42 being connected to the housing wall 28.

In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Rundmeissel 27 der Walzen 20 nach oben gerichtet, d.h. sie sind in einem Winkel von der Radialen der Walzen ausgerichtet, sodass sie an der äusseren Seite, die dem Erdreich zugewandt ist, nach oben gerichtet ist. Diese Walzen sind für eine Drehung nach oben, d.h. nach oben an der äusseren Seite der Walze, ausgerichtet. Das abgefräste Material wird dadurch nach oben gedrückt, wodurch das Erdreich über dem Tunnelbausystem verdichtet wird. Dies führt zu den Vorteilen wie eingangs beschrieben. Das Material wird nach oben gedrückt und danach nach hinten ins Innere der Maschine, wo es hinunterfällt und von dort durch die Förderbandanlage 50 nach aussen zum Startportal transportiert wird, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt.
Werden die Walzen im Fall von dichterem und härteren Erdreich nach unten gedreht, das heisst an der äusseren dem Zielportal zugewandten Seite nach unten bewegt, so wird das abgefräste Material von jeder Walze nach unten und auf deren Unterseite nach hinten befördert, wo es an der inneren Seite der Walze nach unten auf die Förderbänder fällt und von dort zum Startportal hin befördert wird.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the round chisels 27 of the rollers 20 are directed upwards, ie they are oriented at an angle from the radial line of the rollers so that they are directed upwards on the outer side facing the ground. These rollers are oriented to rotate upwards, ie upwards on the outer side of the roller. This pushes the milled material upwards, compacting the soil above the tunneling system. This leads to the advantages as described above. The material is pushed upwards and then backwards into the interior of the machine, where it falls down and from there is transported by the conveyor belt system 50 to the outside to the start portal, as in FIG Figure 1 shown.
If the rollers are rotated downwards in the case of denser and harder soil, that is to say moved downwards on the outer side facing the target portal, the milled material from each roller is moved downwards and onto theirs The bottom is conveyed to the rear, where it falls on the inner side of the roller down onto the conveyor belts and is conveyed from there to the start portal.

Das Tunnelbausystem gemäss der Erfindung weist für den Abtransport des abgefrästen Materials eine Förderbandanlage 50 zum Abtransport des abgefrästen Erdreichs auf, die im unteren Bereich des Vortriebteils angeordnet ist, wie in Figuren 4a, b und 6a,b gezeigt. Die Anlage 50, wie in Figur 7 im Detail gezeigt, weist drei längs und parallel angeordnete horizontale Förderbänder 51, 52, die Material nach hinten befördern. Material von den beiden äusseren Bändern 51 wird mittels zwei weiteren Förderbändern 53 seitlich zur Mitte hin auf das mittig angeordnete Förderband 52 transportiert, wobei die Förderbänder 53 senkrecht zu den Förderbändern 51 und 52 stehen. Die Förderbandanlage 50 wird durch einen Elektromotor 54 betrieben. Zudem weist die Fräsmaschine 8 Ablenkbleche 55 auf, die auf Höhe der seitlichen Enden der Walzen 20 angeordnet sind, und dazu dienen, herabfallendes Material auf die seitlichen Förderbänder 51 zu lenken und ein Herabfallen von Material ausserhalb der Bänder zu verhindern.
Zwischen den äusseren Förderbändern 51 und dem mittigen Förderband 52 sind T-Profile 56 angeordnet, wie in Figuren 8a und b gezeigt, die ein Herabfallen des Fräsmaterials zwischen die einzelnen Längsförderbändern 51, 52, insbesondere beim seitlichen Transportieren des Materials von den äusseren Förderbändern 52 auf das mittlere Förderband 51, und ein Verstopfen der Anlage verhindern. Dabei ist die eine Seite 56' des T-Profils unter dem beweglichen Band 51' des äusseren Förderbands 51 angeordnet während die andere Seite 56" des T-Profils über dem beweglichen Band 52' des mittigen Förderbands 52 angeordnet. Das T-Profil 56 ist fest montiert, sodass es sich mit den beweglichen Bändern 51' und 52' nicht mitbewegt.The tunnel construction system according to the invention has a conveyor belt system 50 for the removal of the milled off material, which is arranged in the lower region of the driving part, as in FIG Figures 4a , b and 6a , b shown. The plant 50, as in Figure 7 shown in detail, has three longitudinally and parallel arranged horizontal conveyor belts 51, 52, which convey material to the rear. Material from the two outer belts 51 is transported laterally towards the center onto the centrally arranged conveyor belt 52 by means of two further conveyor belts 53, the conveyor belts 53 being perpendicular to the conveyor belts 51 and 52. The conveyor belt system 50 is operated by an electric motor 54. In addition, the milling machine 8 has deflector plates 55 which are arranged at the level of the lateral ends of the rollers 20 and serve to direct falling material onto the lateral conveyor belts 51 and to prevent material from falling outside the belts.
T-profiles 56 are arranged between the outer conveyor belts 51 and the central conveyor belt 52, as in FIG Figures 8a and b shown, which prevent the milling material from falling between the individual longitudinal conveyor belts 51, 52, in particular when the material is being transported laterally from the outer conveyor belts 52 onto the central conveyor belt 51, and preventing the system from clogging. One side 56 'of the T-profile is arranged below the movable belt 51' of the outer conveyor belt 51 while the other side 56 "of the T-profile is arranged above the movable belt 52 'of the central conveyor belt 52. The T-profile 56 is firmly mounted so that it does not move with the movable belts 51 'and 52'.

Unter der Förderbandanlage 50 sowie über den Tragelementen 42, 41 des Chassis' der Fräsmaschine sind jeweils die Blechrollen 6 gezeigt, von der während des Einziehens der Tunnelelemente ein Blech 6' jeweils über eine Rolle 6a zwischen der Betondecke bzw. dem Betonboden des viereckigen Tunnelelements und dem Erdreich hineingezogen wird.Below the conveyor belt system 50 and above the support elements 42, 41 of the chassis 'of the milling machine, the sheet metal rollers 6 are shown, of which a sheet metal 6' each over a roller 6a between the concrete ceiling or the concrete floor of the square tunnel element and is drawn into the ground.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

TT
TunnelbausystemTunneling system
EE.
Erdreichsoil
11
StartportalStart portal
22
ZielportalTarget portal
33
SpannelementClamping element
44th
StahlträgerSteel beam
55
Tunnelelement, Rechteck-BetonelementTunnel element, rectangular concrete element
66th
BlechrolleSheet metal roll
6a6a
Rollerole
6'6 '
Blechsheet
77th
TragelementSupport element
88th
FräsmaschineMilling machine
99
SchmiermitteleinrichtungLubricant device
1111
Einzugseinrichtung, Presszylinder oder Elektromotor mit GewindegetriebeFeed device, press cylinder or electric motor with screw drive
1616
ZufuhrleitungSupply line
1717th
vertikale Zufuhrleitungvertical supply line
17'17 '
VerteilrinneDistribution channel
2020th
FräswalzeMilling drum
20a,b,c20a, b, c
TeilwalzePartial roller
2121st
Wellewave
22-2522-25
Antriebdrive
2626th
AntriebskastenDrive box
26'26 '
LeerkastenEmpty box
2727
RundmeisselRound chisel
2828
GehäusewandHousing wall
3030th
Antrieb für HorizontalbewegungDrive for horizontal movement
3131
Gewindethread
4040
Chassischassis
4141
Trägercarrier
4242
Trägercarrier
5050
FörderbandanlageConveyor belt system
51,52,51',52',51,52,51 ', 52',
FörderbandConveyor belt
5353
Förderband für seitlichen Materialtransport zum mittleren Förderband 52Conveyor belt for lateral material transport to the middle conveyor belt 52
5454
Antrieb FörderbandanlageDrive conveyor belt system
5555
AblenkblechBaffle
56,56',56"56.56 ', 56 "
T-ProfilT-profile

Claims (10)

  1. System (T) for the trenchless construction of a tunnel by pulling in a plurality of tunnel elements (5) lying one behind the other, comprising
    a start portal (1) and a target portal (2), which are connected to clamping elements (3), which are arranged in bores, wherein the bores extend through soil (E) outside the cross-sectional area of the tunnel elements (5) to be pulled in,
    further comprising a plurality of press cylinders or electric motors with threaded gears (11), which are arranged on the side of the start portal (1) and are in operative connection with the target portal (2) via the clamping elements (3), wherein the tunnel elements (5) are drawn into the soil (E) with threaded gears (11) by means of the press cylinders or electric motors,
    characterized in that
    a milling machine (8) is arranged on the first of the tunnel elements (5) in operative connection therewith, wherein
    the milling machine (8) has a plurality of individually controllable drilling-milling rollers (20) and a plurality of drives (22-25), which are each assigned to one of the drilling-milling rollers (20),
    wherein the plurality of drilling-milling rollers (20) is arranged one above the other wherein the shafts (21) of the rollers (20) extend vertically one above the other and parallel to one another,
    and wherein the milling machine (8) is of modular construction by each of the drilling-milling rollers (20) arranged one above the other having at least three coaxially arranged roller parts (20a,b,c) which can be individually removed and installed, and a drive box (26) or an empty box (26') is arranged in each case between the individual roller parts (20a,b,c) of each of the drilling-milling rollers (20) arranged one above the other,
    and the drilling-milling rollers (20) are each movable in a laterally horizontally oscillating manner in the direction of their shafts, wherein
    the drilling-milling rollers (20) are movable in a laterally horizontally oscillating manner for removing earth at least in the region of the drive boxes and empty boxes.
  2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the roller parts (20a,b,c) consists in each case of two half shells.
  3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the laterally oscillating movability is realized by means of a drive (30), a thread (31) and a guide (7), which are designed to move all the drilling-milling rollers (20) laterally horizontally in total over at least the area of a drive (22-25) of the drilling-milling rollers (20) or the empty box.
  4. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drilling-milling rollers (20) arranged one above the other can each be rotated at an individual speed.
  5. System according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drilling-milling rollers (20) are rotatable in both directions.
  6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the drilling-milling rollers (20) are rotatable in an upward direction and they comprise round bits (27) which are oriented at an angle to the radial of the drilling-milling rollers (20).
  7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drives (22 to 25) comprise an electric motor.
  8. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tunnel construction system (T) comprises a conveyor belt system (50) having several parallel running conveyor belts (51, 52) and a drive (54).
  9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the conveyor belt system (50) comprises at least one conveyor belt (53), which is disposed perpendicularly to the parallel running conveyor belts (51, 52), for the lateral transport of material onto a centrally arranged conveyor belt (52).
  10. System according to claim 9, characterized in that a T-profile (56) each is arranged between the individual conveyor belts (51, 52).
EP16163987.7A 2015-08-20 2016-04-06 Tunnel construction system Active EP3133238B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH11982015 2015-08-20

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3133238A1 EP3133238A1 (en) 2017-02-22
EP3133238B1 true EP3133238B1 (en) 2020-10-07

Family

ID=55970759

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16163987.7A Active EP3133238B1 (en) 2015-08-20 2016-04-06 Tunnel construction system

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3133238B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205576B (en) * 1963-03-30 1965-11-25 Wayss & Freytag Ag Method and device for the mechanical excavation of the face in tunnels or galleries to be driven using shield construction or the pipe penetration method
DE1534632B1 (en) 1966-08-09 1970-01-29 Holzmann Philipp Ag Device for breaking down soil when driving tunnels, tunnels, ditches or the like.
CH708408B1 (en) 2014-05-28 2015-02-13 Anton Zehnder Method and apparatus for building a tunnel.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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