EP3129737A1 - Brazed heat exchanger - Google Patents
Brazed heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- EP3129737A1 EP3129737A1 EP15777383.9A EP15777383A EP3129737A1 EP 3129737 A1 EP3129737 A1 EP 3129737A1 EP 15777383 A EP15777383 A EP 15777383A EP 3129737 A1 EP3129737 A1 EP 3129737A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- ducts
- endpieces
- hole
- brazed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
- F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
- F28F9/268—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators by permanent joints, e.g. by welding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
- F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/089—Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0049—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for lubricants, e.g. oil coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a brazed heat exchanger which is arranged in a housing and which has a stack of heat exchanger plates.
- Endpieces are metal parts which are inserted into the flow ducts and which occupy only a small part of the flow ducts.
- the endpieces occupy only two opposite ends of the flow ducts. In the case of approximately rectangular heat exchanger plates, these are generally the relatively short sides of the plates or of the flow ducts formed by means of the plates.
- a heat exchanger of the specific generic type is known from EP 470 200 Bl .
- Said heat exchanger is situated in a housing (not shown in said document) with at least one inflow opening and one outflow opening for the medium flowing through the open flow ducts of the heat exchanger.
- the endpieces are solid metal plates, the thickness of which corresponds to the height of the flow ducts.
- the endpieces have been arranged in the open and in the closed flow ducts. The endpieces firstly considerably increase the weight of the heat exchanger, but secondly lead to an extremely stable heat exchanger which can be fastened in the housing in an advantageous manner using the solid endpieces. However, owing to the endpieces, the size of the heat-exchanging surface area is reduced.
- Another heat exchanger of said generic type is known for example from EP 1 083 398 Al .
- Said heat exchanger has lamellae which are arranged both in the open flow ducts and in the closed flow ducts and which increase the efficiency of the heat exchange.
- a corrugated sheet-metal strip of circular form has been placed into the closed flow ducts so as to encircle said openings.
- Semicircular solid endpieces that have hitherto been provided are thus replaced.
- a more lightweight heat exchanger, which exhibits higher performance, is likewise realized.
- the heat exchangers are brazed in a brazing furnace and subsequently inserted into the housing, in which they can perform their function per se.
- One object of the invention consists in providing an advantageous alternative which likewise realizes a relatively lightweight brazed heat exchanger in a housing, with high heat exchange performance, without the stability of the heat exchanger being significantly reduced, wherein the quality of the brazed connections should be ensured.
- the endpieces are deformed metal sheets with corrugations which form ducts, which metal sheets are provided with flow openings for the medium flowing through the open flow ducts.
- the sheet-metal thickness of the deformed metal sheets approximately corresponds to the sheet-metal thickness of the heat exchanger plates. In one exemplary embodiment, said thickness is approximately 0.2 - 0.5 mm.
- a deformed hole edge of the hole of the deformed metal sheet has a height approximately corresponding to a height of the open flow duct.
- a braze gap of a size of approximately 0.2 mm is situated between the approximately vertically standing hall edge and the edge of the inflow hole or of the outflow hole respectively.
- Such braze gaps impart a capillary action on the molten braze.
- the edge of the inflow hole and of the outflow hole respectively has been deformed.
- Said edge has rim holes.
- the rim holes each point into the open flow ducts, in which the deformed metal sheets are situated.
- the rim hole of one plate of one plate pair is connected to a rim hole of the next plate of the next plate pair.
- the rim holes have been plugged one inside the other.
- the brazing process is performed in a brazing furnace, wherein a weight or a force acts on the heat exchanger during the brazing process.
- the heat exchanger must firstly be preassembled and prepared for the brazing process. It has been found that, in particular, the special hole edge design of the deformed metal sheet and the arrangement thereof close to the inflow hole or to the outflow hole respectively generates stability comparable to that obtained with solid endpieces. Furthermore, it is possible to produce sealed and durable brazed
- a housing in one embodiment, is a structure which at least substantially encompasses the brazed heat exchanger and which has at least one inlet for the medium flowing through the open flow ducts and with an outlet through which the medium passes after flowing through the open flow ducts.
- a housing of said type may accordingly likewise be regarded as a flow duct into which the stack of heat exchanger plates, with endpieces in the open flow ducts and with lamellae in the closed flow ducts, is inserted after the brazing process.
- Closed flow ducts are flow ducts which are characterized by a sealed, closed connection extending in encircling fashion around the edges of in each case two heat exchanger plates and which have two holes in the heat exchanger plates, wherein one hole constitutes an inflow hole, and the other hole constitutes an outflow hole.
- the closed flow duct is situated in each case between the two plates that can be regarded as the above-mentioned plate pair.
- the inflow hole of one plate is connected in each case to the inflow hole of an adjacent plate of the next plate pair by virtue of an open flow duct arranged in each case in between being bridged, so as to ensure the separation between the media.
- an open flow duct arranged in each case in between being bridged, so as to ensure the separation between the media.
- the corrugations provide a brazed connection to the in each case two plates that delimit an open flow duct, the desired stability is also attained, in particular around said inflow and outflow ducts.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section through an inlet or outlet duct of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention, without showing the housing;
- Figure 2 shows a detail of an endpiece from Figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 shows an endpiece, two of which are arranged in each open flow duct of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 situated in a housing
- Figure 5 shows the heat exchanger from Figure 4, in which the upper plates are shown in an exploded illustration
- Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section through the heat exchanger situated in the housing of Figure 4.
- Figure 7 shows a detail of a lamella situated in the closed flow ducts of a heat exchanger according to some embodiments
- Figure 8 shows details of relevance with regard to the brazing of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 9 shows a further one of several possible alternative designs of a hole edge of the endpiece, similarly to Figure 2.
- the brazed heat exchanger of the embodiment shown which is situated in a housing 40, is an oil cooler by means of which an oil, such as transmission oil, engine oil or the like, is cooled or adjusted to the appropriate temperature by means of cooling liquid.
- the oil flows through the closed flow ducts 2, and the cooling liquid flows through the housing 40 and the open flow ducts 3 of the oil cooler.
- the brazed heat exchanger arranged in the housing 40 has a stack of heat exchanger plates la, lb which are equipped with in each case one inflow hole 10 and one outflow hole 11.
- the housing 40 ( Figures 4 - 6) can be closed by means of a cover (not shown) or the like.
- the housing 40 may however also be a so-called cavity of an engine or transmission housing, wherein the upper, open side points into the interior thereof.
- the plates la, lb are arranged such that closed and open flow ducts 2, 3 for oil and for cooling liquid alternate in a stack direction. In the open flow ducts 3 only, there are arranged two endpieces 20 which each have a hole 21.
- the edge 22 of the hole 21 of one endpiece 20 extends around the inflow hole 10, and the edge of the hole 21 of the second endpiece 20 extends correspondingly around the outflow hole 11. This can be seen most clearly from Figures 1 and 3 in conjunction with Figure 4 or 5.
- the endpieces 20 are deformed metal sheets with corrugations 24 that form ducts 23.
- the thickness of the metal sheets 20 corresponds approximately to the thickness of the heat exchanger plates la, lb.
- “corresponds" is to be understood to mean that the heat exchanger plates la, lb may have for example a metal sheet thickness in the range from 0.2 - 0.5 mm.
- the thickness of the endpieces 20 could then for example even be 0.15 mm or 0.5 - 0.7 mm in order to still lie in the range intended to be covered by "corresponds".
- the duct height of the open flow ducts 2 may, in a practical exemplary embodiment, be approximately 1.5 - 3 mm.
- the closed flow ducts 3 are approximately 2 - 4 mm high ( Figure 1).
- the ducts 23 of the endpieces 20 are provided with flow openings 25 for the cooling liquid flowing through the open flow ducts 3.
- the hole edge 22 is deformed and has a height h which approximately corresponds to a height of the open flow duct 3. Large tolerances should not be permitted with regard to said height h.
- the hole edge 22 is arranged sealingly, in encircling fashion, against a rim hole 12 of the inflow hole 10 or of the outflow hole 11 respectively. This is shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- a braze gap 26 is situated between the approximately vertically standing hole edge 22 and the rim hole 12.
- the braze gap 26 may for example be 0.1 - 0.3 mm in size. During the brazing process, the braze gap 26 will, owing to its capillary action, fill with braze material and thus ensure sealed and durable connections.
- Figure 9 shows that the deformed hole edge 22 may also have an inwardly pointing bent flange 22a for further reinforcement. Reference signs not shown in Figure 9 may be gathered from Figure 2.
- the hole edge 22 extends upward from the heat exchanger plate lb, which is at the bottom in the image, to the upper plate la. In further embodiments that are not shown, the hole edge 22 extends from top to bottom.
- the rim holes 12 at the inflow hole 10 and at the outflow hole 11 engage into one another and bear against one another in opposite directions.
- the rim holes 12 connect the closed flow ducts 2 to one another and, at the same time, each bridge the open flow ducts 3 arranged in between.
- the ducts 23 of the endpieces 20 have different duct lengths. Some of the ducts 23 are provided with a curvature. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the curvature corresponds approximately to a curvature of the hole edge 22. Other, in particular shorter ducts 23 do not have a curvature.
- the direction and form of the ducts 23 may be adapted on a case-by-case basis.
- Some of the ducts 23 are of arcuate form. They extend around a center situated approximately in the middle of the hole 21.
- the ducts 23 have a flow opening 25 at the start of the ducts 23 and another flow opening 25 at the end of the ducts.
- the ducts 23 have been provided with more than two flow openings 25, for example in the flanks of the undulations 24.
- the longest of the ducts 23 is situated close to the hole edge 22 and extends around the major part of the circumference thereof. In this way, in the edge region of the holes - together with the deformed hole edge 22 described above - adequate stability is provided, which is expedient in particular during the course of the brazing process in order to prevent the so-called collapse of the plates la, lb under the action of the brazing temperature.
- the open and closed flow ducts 2, 3 are formed from pairs of heat exchanger plates la, lb.
- the closed flow ducts 2 are situated within the plate pairs.
- the open flow ducts 3 are arranged between the plate pairs.
- the closed flow ducts 2 are completely filled with a lamella 27 ( Figures 5 - 7).
- the corrugated lamellae 27 have offset incisions in the corrugation flanks and have two openings which correspond to the inflow hole 10 and to the outflow hole 11 respectively.
- the open flow ducts 3 are provided, at least outside the regions occupied by the endpieces 20, with studs 32 formed into the heat exchanger plates la, lb, or with similar turbulence elements.
- the studs 32 are formed with a height approximately half that of the open flow duct 3, with opposite studs 32 being supported and connected by brazing. In embodiments that are not shown, the studs 32 have a height corresponding to the duct height, such that said studs can be supported on the opposite planar plate la or lb.
- the solid heat exchanger of the exemplary embodiment is composed of a suitable high-grade steel.
- an aluminium alloy or some other steel is used as material.
- braze foils or braze pastes are often made of braze foils or braze pastes, because the coating of high-grade steel sheets with braze containing Cu or Ni is at present associated with high costs.
- braze foil 33 which approximately corresponds to the circumference of the metal sheet 20. It can also be seen that, between the other side of the deformed metal sheet 20 and the other heat exchanger plate lb of the next pair, there is arranged another braze foil 34 which extend approximately over the entire heat exchanger plate lb, including the second deformed metal sheet 20. In embodiments that are not shown, the said braze paste is used instead of the braze foil 33.
- the inventors have formed voids in the other braze foil 34 at the locations at which no brazed connection is provided.
- the corresponding voids are denoted by the reference sign 35.
- connection flanges 14 which form an elongation of the inlet and the outlet duct 10, 11.
- closure disks 13 On the other end of said ducts 10, 11 there are arranged closure disks 13.
- the stack of heat exchanger plates la, lb, endpieces 20, lamellae 27, connection flanges 14 and closure pieces 13 is brazed in a brazing furnace. After the stack is brazed, it is inserted into the housing 40.
- the deformed metal sheets 20 have been configured such that they can admit flow from opposite directions. In this case, the performance- increasing advantages are at least approximately maintained. This can also be explained on the basis of Figure 4 or Figure 5.
- the housing 40 has multiple inlets and outlets 41 - 46. In a practical exemplary embodiment, these will generally not be provided. In general - but not always - there will be only a single inlet, for example 41, 42 or 43, and a single outlet 44, 45 or 46. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the endpieces 20 can admit flow or discharge flow in opposite directions indicated by means of the arrows, without their advantageous effect being impaired. Inlets and outlets on the housing 40 may also be arranged on the top and/or on the bottom, that is to say not in the plate plane as shown in Figures 4 and 5, but perpendicular thereto.
- Circular metal sheets 20 are likewise possible. In general, the shape of said metal sheets is adapted to the plate geometry.
- the deformed metal sheets 20 have a region in which flow is admitted and a region in which flow is discharged.
- the metal sheets 20 are arranged such that, in each open flow duct 3, in the case of the metal sheet 20 arranged at the inlet side, the arcuate region of the D shape of said metal sheet 20 can be regarded as the region in which flow is admitted, and the approximately straight, terminating region can be regarded as the region in which flow is discharged.
- the conditions are the opposite, because in the case of said metal sheet 20, the straight, terminating region constitutes the region in which flow is admitted, and the arcuate region constitutes, in this case, the region in which flow is discharged.
- the ducts 23, with flow openings 25, formed in the metal sheet 20 are now arranged such that approximately identical conditions with regard to pressure losses prevail at both metal sheets 20, even though these admit flow from opposite directions.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014005149.8A DE102014005149B4 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2014-04-08 | Brazed heat exchanger |
PCT/US2015/024838 WO2015157368A1 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2015-04-08 | Brazed heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3129737A1 true EP3129737A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
EP3129737A4 EP3129737A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
Family
ID=54146149
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15777383.9A Withdrawn EP3129737A4 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2015-04-08 | Brazed heat exchanger |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150285572A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3129737A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105229403B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016022863A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014005149B4 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2016013266A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015157368A1 (en) |
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EP3204183B1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2020-05-27 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Brazed heat exchanger |
DE102015010310A1 (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2017-02-09 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Soldered heat exchanger and manufacturing process |
-
2014
- 2014-04-08 DE DE102014005149.8A patent/DE102014005149B4/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-04-08 EP EP15777383.9A patent/EP3129737A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-08 WO PCT/US2015/024838 patent/WO2015157368A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-08 CN CN201580000776.6A patent/CN105229403B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-08 US US14/681,283 patent/US20150285572A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-08 BR BR112016022863A patent/BR112016022863A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-04-08 MX MX2016013266A patent/MX2016013266A/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2015157368A1 * |
Also Published As
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BR112016022863A2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
DE102014005149A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
DE102014005149B4 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
MX2016013266A (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3129737A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
CN105229403B (en) | 2017-10-24 |
CN105229403A (en) | 2016-01-06 |
WO2015157368A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
US20150285572A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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