EP3125265B1 - Gas circuit-breaker - Google Patents
Gas circuit-breaker Download PDFInfo
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- EP3125265B1 EP3125265B1 EP15769921.6A EP15769921A EP3125265B1 EP 3125265 B1 EP3125265 B1 EP 3125265B1 EP 15769921 A EP15769921 A EP 15769921A EP 3125265 B1 EP3125265 B1 EP 3125265B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- gas
- pressure
- electrode
- arc discharge
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
- H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
- H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
- H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
Definitions
- the arc-extinguishing gas 1 filled in the sealed container is normally an SF 6 gas (sulfur hexafluoride gas) that has excellent arc breaking performance (arc extinguishing performance) and electrical insulation performance, however other media are also applicable.
- SF 6 gas sulfur hexafluoride gas
- the opposing arc electrode 2 and the opposing current-flowing electrode 3 are formed integrally by a rib 20 formed of a conductive metal, and electrically connected to a terminal 18a.
- the movable arc electrode 4 and the movable current-flowing electrode 5 are also formed integrally by a link 19 formed of a conductive metal, and are electrically connected to a terminal 18b via a slide contact 17.
- the pressure of the heat exhaust gas reserving chamber 44 relatively increases.
- the pressure of the heat exhaust gas 14 in the heat exhaust gas reserving chamber 44 may as well be utilized as the assist force for the drive and actuation.
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- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
Description
- Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas circuit breaker that includes an accumulating space for an arc-extinguishing gas.
- In power systems, in general, a gas circuit breaker is applied to break currents including an excessive fault current. As for a type of gas circuit breakers, a puffer-type gas circuit breaker that blows an arc-extinguishing gas to extinguish an arc discharging has become popular (see, for example, Patent Document 1). A puffer-type gas circuit breaker will be explained in detail with reference to
FIGs. 7A-7C. FIGs. 7A-7C illustrate a rotationally symmetric shape around a center line as a rotational axis, andFIG. 7A illustrates a current-flowing state,FIG. 7B illustrates a first half stage of a current break action, and,FIG. 7C illustrates a latter half stage of the current break action. - As illustrated in
FIGs. 7A-7C , a puffer-type gas circuit breaker is provided with an opposingarc electrode 2 and an opposing current-flowingelectrode 3, and a movable arc electrode 4 and a movable current-flowingelectrode 5 are disposed on the same axes as those of theelectrodes electrode gas 1. In these electrodes, thearc electrodes 2, 4 that form a pair are capable of electrically flowing a current, and when the current break action is performed by the gas circuit breaker, anarc discharge 7 is produced between bothelectrodes 2, 4. The arc-extinguishinggas 1 filled in the sealed container (unillustrated) is normally an SF6 gas (sulfur hexafluoride gas) that has excellent arc breaking performance (arc extinguishing performance) and electrical insulation performance, however other media are also applicable. - The movable arc electrode 4 is attached to the tip of a
hollow drive rod 6, and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 is attached to the tip of apuffer cylinder 9. In addition, aninsulation nozzle 8 is also attached inside the movable currentflowing electrode 5 on the tip of thepuffer cylinder 9. The movable arc electrode 4, the movable current-flowingelectrode 5, thedrive rod 6, theinsulation nozzle 8, and thepuffer cylinder 9 are formed integrally. This integral part is driven together with themovable electrodes 4, 5, thus collectively referred to as a movable component. - The movable component is driven by an unillustrated drive device. In addition, a stationary piston 11 is placed in the
puffer cylinder 9 so as to be relatively slidable to such a piston. The stationary piston 11 is fixed in the sealed space to be independent from the movable component. The stationary piston 11 is provided with anintake port 12 and anintake valve 13. - The opposing
arc electrode 2 and the opposing current-flowingelectrode 3 are formed integrally by arib 20 formed of a conductive metal, and electrically connected to a terminal 18a. On the other hand, the movable arc electrode 4 and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 are also formed integrally by alink 19 formed of a conductive metal, and are electrically connected to a terminal 18b via aslide contact 17. - A
puffer chamber 16 is formed by a space surrounded by thedrive rod 6, thepuffer cylinder 9, and the stationary piston 11. Thepuffer cylinder 9 and the stationary piston 11 serve to increase the pressure of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in thepuffer chamber 16, while thepuffer chamber 16 serves as an accumulating space that reserves the arc-extinguishinggas 1 that have undergone the pressure increase. Theinsulation nozzle 8 serves to adjust and blow the flow of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 toward thearc discharge 7. As illustrated inFIG. 7B , when the opposingarc electrode 2 and the movable arc electrode 4 which have been in contact with each other are disconnected, thearc discharge 7 is produced therebetween. - According to the puffer-type gas circuit breaker employing the above structure, in the closing state, the
arc electrode 2 and the opposing current flowingelectrode 3 are in contact with the movable arc electrode 4 and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5, respectively, and thus a current-flowing state is obtained (seeFIG. 7A ). When a current break action is performed from this current-flowing state, the movable arc electrode 4 and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 are driven by thedrive rod 6 toward the right side inFIGs. 7A-7C . - When the drive by the
drive rod 6 advances, and the opposingarc electrode 2 and the movable arc electrode 4 are disconnected, thearc discharge 7 is produced between thearc electrodes 2, 4. Simultaneously, with the current break action, thepuffer cylinder 9 and the stationary piston 11 come close relatively to each other, the volume in thepuffer chamber 16 decreases, and thus the arc-extinguishinggas 1 is mechanically compressed (seeFIG. 7B ). - Also, simultaneously, a
heat exhaust gas 14 produced by the heat of the high-temperature arc discharge 7 is captured in thepuffer chamber 16, and thus a pressure-increase effect by the arc heat can also be expected (seeFIG. 7B ) along with the mechanical compression explained above. This will be referred to as a self-pressure-increase action. Theinsulation nozzle 8 adjusts the flow of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 compressed in thepuffer chamber 16, blows the arc-extinguishinggas 1 as a blowngas 15a to thearc discharge 7, thereby extinguishing the arc discharge 7 (seeFIG. 7C ). At this time, since the blowngas 15a is heated by theheat exhaust gas 14 from thearc discharge 7, this gas will be referred to as a high-temperature blowngas 15a hereafter. - On the other hand, when the puffer-type gas circuit breaker performs an making action, at a timing when the pressure inside the
puffer chamber 16 becomes lower than the filling pressure of the arc-extinguishinggas 1, theintake valve 13 provided at the stationary piston 11 is actuated to open theintake port 12, and thus the arc-extinguishinggas 1 is supplementary provided to thepuffer chamber 16. Hence, at the time of loading action immediately after the current break action, the arc-extinguishinggas 1 is quickly taken in thepuffer chamber 16. Hence, even when the puffer-type gas circuit breaker performs a fast-speed circuit re-closing action, the sufficient gas flow rate of the high-temperature blowngas 15a is ensured at the time of the second currenvt break action, thereby surely extinguishing thearc discharge 7. - Patent Document 1:
JPH07-109744 A -
EP0836209 (A2 ) discloses a circuit-breaker according to the preamble ofindependent claim 1 having a rotationally symmetrical arc-extinction chamber, with a pair of diametrically opposing spaced contact devices aligned with its central axis, which can be bridged by a bridging contact extending along this axis. The annular gap between the contact devices is enclosed by an annular heating volume, directly communicating with the annular gap. - However, conventional gas circuit breakers explained above have the following technical problems.
- At the time of current break action by conventional gas circuit breakers, since the high-temperature blown
gas 15a has been heated by theheat exhaust gas 14 from thearc discharge 7, the blown gas would inevitably be at high-temperature state. This may reduce the cooling efficiency for thearc discharge 7, reducing the current breaking performance. - In addition, by blowing the high-temperature blown
gas 15a that is at high temperature to thearc discharge 7, the surrounding temperature around thearc discharge 7 further rises. Consequently, thearc electrodes 2, 4 and theinsulation nozzle 8 are exposed under the high temperature environment to deteriorate easily. Hence, a frequent maintenance is needed. This opposes user's needs to improve the durability and to reduce of maintenance. - Still further, since the pressure inside the
puffer chamber 16 is increased also by the self-pressure-increase action, it is necessary to capture theheat exhaust gas 14 in thepuffer chamber 16, but in order to capture theheat exhaust gas 14 in, a certain amount of time is needed. Hence, a time to complete the current breaking action may become long. Since the gas circuit breaker is a device to promptly break an excessive fault current, in terms of the basic performance of the gas circuit breaker, there is always a demand to reduce the time to complete the current breaking. - In addition, it is important to reduce the drive and actuation energy in the actuation mechanism of the movable component in order to reduce the costs of a gas circuit breaker. In order to reduce the drive and actuation energy in a gas circuit breaker, it is important to achieve a weight reduction of the movable component.
- According to conventional puffer-type gas circuit breakers, however, since the large-
size puffer cylinder 9, theinsulation nozzle 8, the movable arc electrode 4, etc., are all included in the movable component, reduction of the weight thereof has a limit. In puffer-type gas circuit breakers that have a heavy movable component, in order to obtain a necessary opening and disconnecting speed to break the current, large drive and actuation energy is inevitably needes. - Still further, since the
heat exhaust gas 14 flows into thepuffer chamber 16, excessive pressure as a compression and drive repulsion force may be applied to the stationary piston 11 depending on the break current condition. Hence, in order to get over this compression and drive repulsion force, a large drive and actuation energy may be needed. Hence, conventional gas circuit breakers need a large drive and actuation energy in some cases as explained above. - Yet still further, according to puffer-type gas circuit breakers that utilize the self-pressure-increase action, when the thermal energy of arc heat changes in accordance with the magnitude of a current to be broken and the phase condition of an AC current, the blowing force varies. That is, since the arc heat is utilized for increasing the pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1, the arc heat itself affects the arc-extinguishing performance. Consequently, when the magnitude of the current to be broken and the phase condition of the AC current change, the blowing force also changes, failing to always obtain stable flow of the high-temperature blowngas 15a. - Embodiments of the present disclosure have been proposed in order to address the foregoing technical problems. That is, a gas circuit breaker according to an embodiment is to achieve a temperature reduction of a blown gas, an improvement of a durability, and a reduction of a maintenance frequency, a reduction of a current breaking time, a reduction of drive and actuation energy, and a stabilization of a gas flow.
- In order to achieve the above objective, a gas circuit breaker including the features of
independent claim 1 is provided. Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. -
-
FIGs. 1A-1E are each cross-sectional views illustrating a structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a center line illustrating an arrangement of alink 31 and asupport 21 according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a structure around apressure relief 47 according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure according to a second embodiment; -
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a change in stroke relating to compression repulsion force and movable-component acceleration in the case of a flat drive and output characteristic; -
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a change in stoke relating to compression repulsion force and movable-component acceleration in the case of a monotonic decrease drive and output characteristic; and -
FIGs. 7A-7C are diagrams illustrating a structure of a conventional puffer-type gas circuit breaker. - A structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained with reference to
FIGs. 1A-3 . The major components in the first embodiment are similar to those of a conventional gas circuit breaker illustrated inFIGs. 7A-7C . Hence, the same component as that of the conventional gas circuit breaker illustrated inFIG. 7 will be denoted by the same reference numeral, and the duplicated explanation thereof will be omitted.FIGs. 1A-1E illustrate a rotationally symmetric shape around a rotation axis that is the center line, likeFIGs. 7A-7C .FIG. 1A illustrates a current-flowing state,FIG. 1B illustrates a first half stage of a current breaking action,FIGS. 1C, 1D illustrate a latter half stage of the current breaking action, andFIG. 1E illustrates a state after the current breaking action is completed. - In the first embodiment, the gas pressure in an unillustrated sealed container is the filling pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1 at any sites in a normal actuation condition. In the first embodiment, astationary arc electrode 35a is provided instead of the opposingarc electrode 2, and astationary arc electrode 35b is disposed facing thestationary arc electrode 35a. Thearc electrodes arc discharge 7 is produced between bothelectrodes heat exhaust gas 14 is produced by the heat of thearc discharge 7. - The pair of
arc electrodes electrode 5, etc., but is a pair of electrodes fixed inside the sealed container (unillustrated) . Thearc electrode 35a and the opposing current-flowingelectrode 3 are formed integrally by arib 32 formed of a conductive metal, and are connected to a terminal 18a. - A
trigger electrode 34 in a rod shape having a smaller diameter than those of thestationary electrodes stationary arc electrodes stationary arc electrodes trigger electrode 34 is always electrically connected to thestationary arc electrode 35b, the movable current-flowingelectrode 5, and a terminal 18b, it is unnecessary that thetrigger electrode 34 is always in contact with thestationary arc electrode 35b. - In the current-flowing state, the
trigger electrode 34 contacts with thestationary arc electrode 35a, thereby achieve the current-flowing state. In addition, at the time of current break, thearc discharge 7 is produced between thetrigger electrode 34 and thestationary arc electrode 35a, and is eventually transferred to thestationary arc electrode 35b from thetrigger electrode 34. That is, the actuation of thetrigger electrode 34 ignites an arc between thestationary arc electrodes -
Such trigger electrode 34 is one of featuring components in the embodiment, and when the current breaking is completed, gaps are formed between thestationary arc electrode 35b and thetrigger electrode 34, and between anozzle throat 37 of aninsulation nozzle 81 to be explained later and the trigger electrode 34 (seeFIGs. 1D, 1E ). The gaps form an switch that causes an accumulatingchamber 42 to be released in terms of pressure. - In addition, when the
trigger electrode 34 is inserted to thestationary arc electrode 35b and thenozzle throat 37 of theinsulation nozzle 81, the gaps would be in a closed tate. Portions that make the gaps closed will be referred to as a closing component 45 (seeFIGs. 1A and 1B ) . The closed portion makes an accumulatingchamber 42 to be in closed state when thetrigger electrode 34 moves and forms theclosing component 45 to make the gap portion to be in closed state.switch Still further, when thetrigger electrode 34 is moved in the opposite direction, theclosing component 45 is opened, and the gaps are opened, the switch causes the accumulatingchamber 42 to be in a released state in terms of pressure. - The accumulating
chamber 42 is an accumulating space to reserve the pressure-increased gas. The pressure-increased gas is the arc-extinguishinggas 1 having undergone pressure increase, and is produced by a pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41 and a movable piston 38 (to be explained later), which form a pressure increaser. The accumulatingchamber 42 is formed so as to be surrounded by an accumulating-chamber cylinder 43, a pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41, thestationary arc electrode 35b, theinsulation nozzle 81, and aflange 22. The accumulating-chamber cylinder 43 and the pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41 are integrally attached to theflange 22. - The accumulating
chamber 42 has, as a whole, an L-shaped space (U-shape as a whole) that is a half cross-section relative to the center line. The accumulating-chamber cylinder 43 is disposed at the upper-surface side of the accumulatingchamber 43 among the three long sides in the L-shape, the accumulating-chamber cylinder 41 is disposed at the lower-surface side of the accumulatingchamber 42, and theflange 22 is disposed at the right-surface side of the accumulatingchamber 42. In addition, at the short side of the L-shape, thestationary arc electrode 35b and theinsulation nozzle 81 face with each other, thestationary arc electrode 35b is disposed at the right-surface side of the accumulatingchamber 42, and theinsulation nozzle 81 is disposed at the left-surface side of the accumulatingchamber 42. - As explained above, the switch causes the accumulating
chamber 43 to be in the closed state or the released state in accordance with the actuation of thetrigger electrode 34. More specifically, at the first half stage of the current breaking action, thetrigger electrode 34 seals the flow channel in thenozzle throat 37 and thestationary arc electrode 35b to form theclosing component 45, thereby causing the accumulatingchamber 42 to be in the closed state. Hence, the flow-in of theheat exhaust gas 14 produced by the heat of thearc discharge 7 to the interior of the accumulatingchamber 42 is restricted. In addition, the flow-out of the pressure-increased gas from the accumulatingchamber 42 is also restricted . - At the latter half stage of the current breaking action, the movement of the
trigger electrode 34 transfers thearc discharge 7 from thetrigger electrode 34 to thestationary arc electrode 35b, and the flow-channel sealing of thenozzle throat 37 and thestationary arc electrode 35b are canceled. That is, the gaps are formed between thestationary arc electrode 35b and thetrigger electrode 34, and between thenozzle throat 37 and thetrigger electrode 34, and thus the accumulatingchamber 42 would be in the released state in terms of pressure. The accumulatingchamber 42 that has become the released state causes the pressure-increased gas in the accumulatingchamber 42 to be delivered to thearc discharge 7 through theinsulation nozzle 81. - The
trigger electrode 34 and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 are integrally provided with thesupport 21, themovable piston 38, adrive rod 36, and alink 31 all formed of a conductive metal, and these components form the movable component. Aheat dissipation hole 49 is provided in the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 so as to ensure the required current-flowing capacity. Theheat dissipation hole 49 is to dissipate heat generated at the contacting and current-flowing portion between the movable current-flowingelectrode 5 and the opposing current-flowingelectrode 3. - In addition, the movable component is always electrically connected to the
stationary arc electrode 35b and the terminal 18b via theslide contact 17. Hence, an very small gap is provided between thetrigger electrode 34 and thestationary arc electrode 35b, and thus the production of metal wear powders that adversely effects the electrical insulation performance by sliding are not to be produced. - The insulation nozzle 18 is disposed so as to surround the
trigger electrode 34. Theinsulation nozzle 81 , like theinsulation nozzle 8 of a conventional gas circuit breaker illustrated inFIGs. 7A-7C , delivers the arc-extinguishinggas 1 having undergone pressure increase from the accumulatingchamber 42 to thearc discharge 7. However, theinsulation nozzle 81 is formed so as to blow the arc-extinguishinggas 1 to thearc discharge 7 substantially vertically from the surrounding of thearc discharge 7 toward the center thereof. - The
insulation nozzle 81 is an immobilized component that does not move at the time of current breaking action. That is, theinsulation nozzle 81 is fixed not to the movable-component side but in the sealed container. This is the difference from theconventional insulation nozzle 8 illustrated inFIG. 7 . In addition, at the time of current breaking action, thetrigger electrode 34 moves inside theinsulation nozzle 81. Hence, thearc discharge 7 is produced inside theinsulation nozzle 81. - The
insulation nozzle 81 is formed with thenozzle throat 37 that is defined as the minimum cross-sectional area of the gas flow channel inside theinsulation nozzle 81. Both open ends of thenozzle throat 37 have increased diameters, and thus the cross-sectional area becomes widespread. In this case, since both open ends of thenozzle throat 37 have increased diameters, the flow channel area for the gas flowing in from the exterior of thearc discharge 7 is designed to be larger than the total cross-sectional area of the internal diameter part of thenozzle throat 37 and that of thestationary arc electrode 35b. - The space surrounded by the pressure-increase-
chamber cylinder 41, thedrive rod 36, themovable piston 38, and theflange 22 is defined as the pressure increasechamber 40. The pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41 is disposed at the upper-surface side of the pressure increasechamber 40, thedrive rod 36 is disposed at the lower-surface side of the pressure increasechamber 40, themovable piston 38 is disposed at the left-surface side of the pressure increasechamber 40, and theflange 22 is disposed at the right-surface side of the pressure increasechamber 40. - Hence, when the
movable piston 38 reciprocates, the lower end of theflange 22 and the upper end of themovable piston 38 slide over the outer circumference of thedrive rod 36 and the inner circumference of the pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41, respectively. However, since apressure relief 47 to be explained later is provided in the outer circumference of thedrive rod 36, when the lower end of theflange 22 is located at this site, a gap is formed therebetween. In addition, theflange 22 is formed with theintake port 12, and theintake valve 13 is attached to theintake port 12. Theintake valve 13 sucks and supplementary supplies the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the pressure increasechamber 40 only when the pressure inside the pressure increasechamber 40 becomes lower than the filling pressure inside the sealed container. - The
movable piston 38 is driven by together with thetrigger electrode 34, thesupport 21, thedrive rod 36, thelink 31, and the movable current-flowingelectrode 5, etc. by an unillustrated drive device. Among these components, the pluralities ofsupports 21 andlinks 31 are provided at a pitch predetermined angle by predetermined angle around the center line so as to suppress an excessive concentration of mechanical force causing an axial displacement (seeFIG. 2 ) .Sealing members 46 are provided at the sliding portions of thedrive rod 36 andmovable piston 38 so as to suppress a pressure leakage from the pressure increasechamber 40, thereby achieving a gas-tightness. - The
movable piston 38 moves apart from thearc discharge 7, and thus the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the pressure increasechamber 40 is compressed and the pressure-increased gas is produced. That is, unlike a conventional extinguishing chamber, themovable piston 38 compresses the arc-extinguishinggas 1 at the back surface of the piston. Suchmovable piston 38 and the pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41 form a pressure increaser. In addition, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , thedrive rod 36 is provided with thepressure relief 47 by, for example, partially decreasing the rod diameter or providing a pressure relief groove. Thepressure relief 47 is to discharge the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the pressure increasechamber 40 to the exterior as adischarge compression gas 48. - The pressure-increase-
chamber cylinder 41 is formed with acommunication hole 39, and the pressure increasechamber 40 is in communication with the accumulatingchamber 42 via thiscommunication hole 39 in terms of pressure in, at least at the first half stage of the current breaking procedure. In the latter half stage of the current breaking procedure, thecommunication hole 39 is blocked by the sealingmembers 46 provided on the outer circumference of the movingmovable piston 38, and the pressure increasechamber 40 is isolated from the accumulatingchamber 42 in terms of pressure. - With the pressure increase
chamber 40 being disposed at the right side of themovable piston 38, a heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 that temporarily reserves theheat exhaust gas 14 is disposed at the left side of themovable piston 38, at a side nearer to a space where thearc discharge 7 is produced than the pressure increasechamber 40. The heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 is a space surrounded by the pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41, thestationary arc electrode 35b, thetrigger electrode 34, and themovable piston 38. The pressure in the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 acts as assist force for the compression of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 by themovable piston 38 and by the pressure-increase-chamber cylinder 41. - An explanation will be given of a current breaking action according to the embodiment that employs the above structure.
- When the
trigger electrode 34 is opened and disconnected from thestationary arc electrode 35a, simultaneously, thearc discharge 7 is produced therebetween. Theheat exhaust gas 14 produced from thearc discharge 7 flows in the direction apart from thearc discharge 7 simultaneously with the production of thearc discharge 7, and is quickly discharged to the space inside the sealed container. - In the first half stage of the current breaking procedure, the
trigger electrode 34 blocks thenozzle throat 37 in theinsulation nozzle 81 and thestationary electrode 35b, and thus theclosing component 45 is formed. In addition, the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42 are in communication with each other via thecommunication hole 39, thus forming an integrated space. Hence, the arc-extinguishinggas 1 present in the sealed space consisting of the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42 is compressed by themovable piston 38, and is subjected to the pressure increase. - At this time, the
closing component 45 restricts the flow-in of theheat exhaust gas 14 from thearc discharge 7 to the sealed space defined by the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42, and also restricts the flow-out of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 that is being subjected to pressure increase in such a sealed space. Hence, except a quite small gap in theclosing component 45 that is inevitable in terms of structure, the energy needed for the compression by themovable piston 38 is substantially completely converted to the pressure energy by the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the sealed space (pressure increasechamber 40 and accumulating chamber 42). In addition, within a quite short time during the current breaking action, the heat from thearc discharge 7 hardly affects. Therefore, the pressure increase of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the sealed space (pressure increasechamber 40 and accumulating chamber 42) is achieved only through the thermal insulation compression action by themovable piston 38. - In the latter half stage of the current breaking procedure, the volume of the pressure increase
chamber 40 relatively decreases together with the movement of themovable piston 38, and most of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 compressed by themovable piston 38 is reserved in the accumulatingchamber 42. Simultaneously, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , the sealingmembers 46 provided on the outer circumference of themovable piston 38 block thecommunication hole 39. Hence, the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42 are isolated from each other in terms of pressure. In addition, in conjunction with this action, thepressure relief 47 is released. Hence, the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the pressure increasechamber 40 is discharged to the exterior as thedischarge compression gas 48, and the pressure in the pressure increasechamber 40 is released to the interior of the sealed space. - On the other hand, by the
trigger electrode 34 passing through thenozzle throat 37 of theinsulation nozzle 81 and thestationary arc electrode 35b, theclosing component 45 is released. Hence, theinsulation nozzle 81 powerfully blows a low-temperature blowngas 15b that has a low temperature toward thearc discharge 7 from the accumulatingchamber 42. At this time, the low-temperature blowngas 15b is blown to thearc discharge 7 so as to traverse substantially vertically toward the center around thearc discharge 7. Accordingly, thearc discharge 7 is rapidly cooled at the blowing point at which the gas is blown. - The
insulation nozzle 81 blows the low-temperature blowngas 15b to thearc discharge 7, and adjusts, as appropriate, the flow direction of the gas so as to smoothly discharge theheat exhaust gas 14. In particular, since the flow channel area from the exterior of thearc discharge 7 is designed so as to be larger than the total cross-sectional area of the internal diameter part of thenozzle throat 37 and that of thestationary arc electrode 35b which is the discharge area of theheat exhaust gas 14, the sufficient flow rate of the low-temperature blowngas 15b for cooling thearc discharge 7 is ensured. In the latter half stage of the current breaking procedure, thearc discharge 7 is transferred to thestationary arc electrode 35b. Hence, the time period at which thearc discharge 7 is igniting on thetrigger electrode 34 is only the limited time period within the initial stage of the current break action, until thearc discharge 7 is transferred to thestationary arc electrode 35b. - In the stage illustrated in
FIG. 1C , thetrigger electrode 34 passes through thenozzle throat 37 of theinsulation nozzle 81, releases only theclosing component 45 oat the nozzle-throat-37 side, and the blowing of the low-temperature gas 15b starts only at the left-side direction in the figure from the gap between thetrigger electrode 34 and thenozzle throat 37 of theinsulation nozzle 81. Immediately after, inFIG. 1D , theclosing component 45 in thestationary arc electrode 35b is released together with the movement of thetrigger electrode 34. - Hence, at the blowing point at which the low-
temperature gas 15b is blown, by the powerful blow in both directions which are the left-side direction and the right-side direction in the figure, thearc discharge 7 is rapidly cooled. Theheat exhaust gas 14 exhausted from the stationary-arc-electrode-35b side is delivered to the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 formed at the opposite side of the compression chamber of themovable piston 38, and is exhausted to the sealed container via theexhaust opening 33. - The
intake valve 13 provided at the pressure increasechamber 40 sucks and supplementary supplies the arc-extinguishinggas 1 to the pressure increasechamber 40 only when the pressure inside the pressure increasechamber 40 becomes lower than the filling pressure in the sealed container. Hence, after the current breaking procedure, when the making action is performed again, the fresh arc-extinguishinggas 1 is supplied from the sealed container to the pressure increasechamber 40 via theintake hole 12. - The action and effect according to the above first embodiment are as follows.
- The first embodiment has a feature such that no self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat is utilized. The low-temperature blown
gas 15b blown to thearc discharge 7 is not subjected to pressure increase in terms of heat by theheat exhaust gas 14, and is a gas that has been pressure increased only through the mechanical compression by themovable piston 38. - There is still a possibility that a quite small amount of
heat exhaust gas 14 flows in the accumulatingchamber 42 through the gap between thetrigger electrode 34 and thenozzle throat 37, but the adverse effect thereof is quite little. Hence, the temperature of the low-temperature blowngas 15b to thearc discharge 7 is remarkably lower than that of the conventional high-temperature blowngas 15a that utilizes the self-pressure-increase action. By blowing suchlow-temperature blowngas 15b, the cooling effect of thearc discharge 7 is remarkably improved. - According to the embodiment, the temperature around the
arc discharge 7 is reduced by blowing the low-temperature gas 15b thereto. Hence, in comparison with a case in which thestationary arc electrodes insulation nozzle 81 are exposed under a high-temperature environment due to the current break, the deterioration of those components is remarkably reduced, and thus the durability of the components are improved. Hence, the maintenance frequency of thestationary arc electrodes insulation nozzle 81 are reduced, and thus a load of maintenance is reduced. - In addition, the
arc electrodes movable piston 38, etc. Hence, thestationary arc electrodes arc electrodes - Still further, when the
arc electrodes arc electrodes arc discharge 7 is reduced, and thus the electrical input power to thearc discharge 7 at the time of current break is reduced. - In the case of gas circuit breakers that utilize the self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat, a reduction of the electrical input power to the
arc discharge 7 is not desirable since this results in a reduction of the self-pressure-increase action. However, the embodiment utilizes no self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat, and thus the reduction of the electrical input power to thearc discharge 7 does not affect the current breaking performance at all. - Hence, even if the
stationary arc electrodes trigger electrode 34 wears while thearc discharge 7 is igniting, but such time period is only within the initial stage of the current breaking procedure until thearc discharge 7 is transferred to thestationary arc electrode 35b, and thus the wear is limited. Hence, the maintenance necessary for thetrigger electrode 34 is reduced. - Meanwhile, in order to increase the pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1 without utilizing the self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat, a compression gas may be produced in a high-pressure reservoir tank beforehand by a compressor, a circuit open valve may be synchronously opened with the current breaking action, and the compression gas may be blown to thearc discharge 7. In order to achieve such structure, however, the number of accessory components, such as the reservoir tank, the compressor, and an electromagnetic valve, increases. This results in the increase in size of the device and costs, while at the same time, a reduction of the maintenance easiness. - According to the first embodiment, however, a quite simple structure is achieved in which the pressure inside the sealed container is a single pressure, e.g., the filling pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1, at any sites in the normal actuation, and the necessary compression gas is produced only in the current breaking procedure. Hence, according to the first embodiment, although a single-pressure scheme is applied, the necessary compression gas can be produced only in the current breaking procedure. This achieves a downsizing of the device, and a cost reduction, and also a reduction of the work load for the maintenance necessity. - As explained above, according to conventional gas circuit breakers, when the pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1 in thepuffer chamber 16 is increased to the necessary blowing pressure to break the current by utilizing the self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat, a time is necessary to some extent. Hence, according to conventional gas circuit breakers that utilize the self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat, the time for the current breaking to complete is teneded to be extended. - In contrast, according to the embodiment, since no self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat is utilized, the pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1 blown to thearc discharge 7 and the flow rate thereof are always constant regardless of the current condition. In addition, the timing to start blowing to thearc discharge 7 is determined in accordance with the timing at which thetrigger electrode 34 passes through thenozzle throat 37 or thestationary arc electrode 35b to release theclosing component 45, thus is always constant regardless of the current condition. Hence, unlike conventional gas circuit breakers, the completion time for current breaking is not extended depending on the breaking current condition, meeting a demand to reduce the completion time for current break. - In general, the closer the drive stroke comes to the complete current breaking position, the higher the pressure of the compression gas in the pressure increase
chamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42 becomes, while at the same time, the larger the compression repulsion force applied to themovable piston 38 becomes . In order to get over such force, it is necessary to provide a drive device that has enough drive force . - According to the embodiment, however, at the complete current breaking position, the sealing
members 46 provided on themovable piston 38 block thecommunication hole 39, and thus the pressure increasechamber 40 is isolated from the accumulatingchamber 42 in terms of pressure, and the pressure inside the pressure increasechamber 40 is released by thepressure relief 47. Hence, as long as there is a drive energy that is capable of pulling the movable component at least to the complete current break position, no force in the backward direction to the stroke subsequently acts on themovable piston 38. Therefore, a backward stroke movement does not happen. In addition, this hardly affects the current condition. - If it was not this embodiment with such effect, there will be a needs to ensure the drive energy that is excessive under other breaking current conditions than the break current condition in which the pressure of the heat exhaust gas increases. In addition, an additional mechanism to maintain the stroke position at the complete current breaking position is required, resulting in a cost increase and a reduction of the mechanical reliability. According to the embodiment, however, those disadvantages are avoidable, and a reduction of the drive and actuation energy is achieved.
- Achievement of the reduction of the drive and actuation energy is particularly desirable when employing a spring actuation mechanism, etc., which decreases the drive force together with the current breaking action . In addition, according to the embodiment, since the plurality of
supports 21 andlinks 31 is provided in the angular direction, an axial displacement is preventable, avoiding an excessive concentration of mechanical force to a single site, thereby enabling the stable action. - Still further, the
trigger electrode 34 has a smaller diameter than those of thestationary arc electrodes drive rod 6 according to conventional technologies. Yet still further, since theinsulation nozzle 81 is not included in the movable component in addition to the twostationary arc electrodes - When, together with the weight reduction, reduction of the necessary blowing pressure itself to break the current is achieved, the necessary energy for the compression is also reduced. According to the embodiment, in comparison with conventional technologies, the gas temperature blown to the
arc discharge 7 is quite low. Hence, the cooling efficiency for thearc discharge 7 is remarkably improved, and in comparison with a case in which the high-temperature blowngas 15a is blown, thearc discharge 7 can be extinguished even at a low pressure. - In addition, blowing the low-
temperature gas 15b to thearc discharge 7 to be concentrated toward the center from the surrounding of thearc discharge 7 also results in a reduction of the necessary blowing pressure to break the current. In particular, as illustrated inFIGs. 1C, 1D , when the low-temperature blowngas 15b is blown to thearc discharge 7 to be concentrated toward the center around the surrounding of thearc discharge 7, the arc discharge diameter at the blown point by the gas is reduced, enabling a further efficient cooling for thearc discharge 7. However, the current can be broken by other schemes than this blowing scheme to the arc. - Still further, according to the embodiment, the flow channel area flowing in from the external side of the
arc discharge 7 is designed to be larger than the total cross-sectional area of the internal diameter part of thenozzle throat 37 and that of thestationary arc electrode 35b which is the discharging area of theheat exhaust gas 14. Hence, the sufficient flow rate of the low-temperature blowngas 15b to cool thearc discharge 7 is ensured. In view of these points, by blowing the low-temperature compression gas to thearc discharge 7 from the surrounding thereof toward the center, thearc discharge 7 can be extinguished even at a further lower pressure. - Yet still further, until the
trigger electrode 34 is sufficiently opened and disconnected from thestationary arc electrode 35a, and the arc-extinguishinggas 1 is blown to thearc discharge 7, the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42 are blocked by theclosing component 45. That is, theclosing component 45 restricts the flow-in of theheat exhaust gas 14 from thearc discharge 7 to the sealed space formed of the pressure increasechamber 40 and the accumulatingchamber 42, and also restricts the flow-out of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 that is being subjected to pressure increase in such a sealed space. Hence, except the leakage of a quite small gap that is inevitable in terms of structure, the compression energy applied by themovable piston 38 is substantially completely converted to the pressure energy of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in the sealed space (pressure increasechamber 40 and accumulating chamber 42). - This is quite advantageous in comparison with conventional gas circuit breakers (see
FIG.7B ) which starts the discharging of the pressure-increased gas during the compression of the arc-extinguishinggas 1. Hence, according to the embodiment, unlike conventional technologies which lose the compression energy given from the exterior by thepuffer cylinder 9 and the stationary piston 11, all compression energy by themovable piston 38 is utilized to increase the pressure in the pressure increasechamber 40 and in the accumulatingchamber 42 without a loss. This is also advantageous in the reduction of the drive and actuation energy. - In addition, according to the embodiment, the
heat exhaust gas 14 produced from thearc discharge 7 flows in the direction apart from thearc discharge 7 simultaneously with the production of thearc discharge 7 without a delay, and is quickly discharged to the internal space of the sealed container. The low-temperature blowngas 15b to thearc discharge 7 is caused to flow by a pressure difference between the pressure of the accumulatingchamber 42 at the upstream side and the pressure around thestationary arc electrode 35a at the downstream side. Hence, as long as the pressure at the downstream side is high, no matter how much the pressure at the accumulatingchamber 42 is increased, a sufficient blowing force cannot be obtained. - Hence, according to the embodiment, simultaneously with the production of the
arc discharge 7, theheat exhaust gas 14 is discharged to the sealed container quickly through the wide discharge channel. Hence, the pressure at the downstream side, such as the pressure around thestationary arc electrode 35a is always maintained at the substantially equal level to the filling pressure in the sealed container. In view of this point, also, according to the embodiment, the necessary blowing pressure to break the current is reduced in comparison with conventional gas circuit breakers, resulting in a reduction of the drive and actuation energy. - In addition, the pressure of the
heat exhaust gas 14 produced from thearc discharge 7 acts on the left side face of themovable piston 38 inFIGs. 1A-1E . That is, unlike conventional gas circuit breakers, according to this embodiment, a mechanical compression is performed at the right side face of the piston, namely the opposite side surface to the surface on which the pressure of theheat exhaust gas 14 acts. Hence, the pressure of theheat exhaust gas 14 may become assist force for the compression by themovable piston 38, but hardly acts as repulsion force against the drive and actuation force of at least themovable piston 38 at all. In view of this point, also, according to the embodiment, a reduction of the drive and actuation energy is achieved. - Furthermore, for example, if the
exhaust opening 33 for theheat exhaust gas 14 from the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 is narrowed, the pressure of the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 relatively increases. When the size of theexhaust opening 33 is adjusted as appropriate so as not to disturb the discharging of theheat exhaust gas 14 from thearc discharge 7, the pressure of theheat exhaust gas 14 in the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 may as well be utilized as the assist force for the drive and actuation. - As repeatedly explained above, according to the embodiment, the self-pressure-increase action by the arc heat is not utilized at all for increasing the blowing pressure of the arc-extinguishing
gas 1. Hence, regardless of the break current condition, the blowing gas pressure and the gas flow rate that are always stable and equal are obtainable. Hence, an instability of the performance in accordance with the magnitude of the current to be broken does not occur at all. - Meanwhile, it is known how the arc-extinguishing
gas 1 in the insulation nozzle flows quite largely affects the current breaking performance. Since theinsulation nozzle 8 of conventional gas circuit breakers is assembled in the movable component, such nozzle is driven in the current breaking action, and thus the flow of the arc-extinguishinggas 1 in theinsulation nozzle 8 largely varies depending on the stroke position per an action or the speed of electrode opening, etc. Accordingly, it is difficult to always obtain an ideal flow channel shape for the arc-extinguishinggas 1 across the entire current condition. - In contrast, according to the embodiment, the
insulation nozzle 81, and thearc electrodes arc discharge 7 and the flow rate thereof are always constant regardless of the current condition. This enables an optimization of the flow channel in theinsulation nozzle 81. As explained above, according to the embodiment, by a simple structure, a reduction of the temperature of the blown gas, an improvement of the durability and a reduction of the maintenance frequency, a reduction of the current breaking time, a reduction of the drive and actuation energy, and a stabilization of the gas flow are all achievable. - The second embodiment employs the same basic structure as that of the first embodiment. Features in structure according to the second embodiment are that, as illustrated in
FIG.4 , theinsulation nozzle 81 is divided into two portions, and asub insulation nozzle 50 is provided at the stationary-arc-electrode-35b side. The low-temperature blowngas 15b is delivered to thearc discharge 7 from the accumulatingchamber 42 via a gap between thesub insulation nozzle 50 and theinsulation nozzle 81. In this case, thesub insulation nozzle 50 is formed to blow the low-temperature gas 15b to the middle site of thearc discharge 7. - According to the second embodiment, the
sub insulation nozzle 50 is provided at the stationary-arc-electrode-35b side, and the low-temperature blowngas 15b is blown to the middle site of thearc discharge 7. Hence, an amount of heat of theheat exhaust gas 14 flowing into the left side of thearc discharge 7 is balanced with the amount of heat of theheat exhaust gas 14 flowing into the right side of thearc discharge 7. - Therefore, the low-temperature blown
gas 15b will not be blown around thestationary arc electrode 35b, namely will not be blown unbalanced, such as to either one side of thearc electrode 7 . Hence, for example, a concern that the damage level of the component due to the flow of theheat exhaust gas 14, and the reduction level of the electrical insulation performance between the high-voltage site and the ground potential that are the sealed container being remarkably deteriorated at only either one side of thearc discharge 7, is unnecessary. - Since the low-temperature blown
gas 15b is not unevenly blown to either one side of thearc discharge 7, a concern such as the flow of theheat exhaust gas 14 at either one side being unbalanced is unnecessary. That is, a sufficient flow rate of theheat exhaust gas 14 is always ensured. Hence, when the pressure in the heat exhaustgas reserving chamber 44 is increased and utilized to assist the drive force for themovable piston 38, the above effect is fully achievable. - A third embodiment employs the same basic structure as that of the first or second embodiment, but relates to a drive device for the movable component which is not illustrated in
FIGs. 1A-1E ,2 ,3 , and4 . A drive device which has an output attenuating characteristic and which is illustrated inFIG. 6 is applied in this embodiment. According to the drive device, the drive force decreases during the current breaking procedure. - In
FIGs. 5 and6 , a compression repulsion force (a) namely the force received by themovable piston 38 from the pressure of the pressure increasechamber 40 is indicated by a continuous line, a drive force (e) by the drive device is indicated by a dotted line, and a force (actual acceleration force (e-a)) that accelerates the movable component is indicated by a dashed-dotted line. The horizontal axis represents a drive stroke, the complete loading position is at 0 pu, and the complete electrode opening position is at 1.0 pu. In the case when influences due to friction, etc., are ignorable, the actual acceleration force is expressed as "drive force (e) - compression repulsion force (a)". The actual acceleration force has a positive value meaning an acceleration force, and a negative value meaning a deceleration force. - In this case, as explained in the first embodiment, the gas circuit breaker according to the embodiment achieves the pressure increase of the blown gas mainly through the thermal insulation compression by the
movable piston 38. Hence, as illustrated inFIGs. 5 and6 , the compression repulsion force ((a), continuous line) has a curve with a monotonic increase characteristic that is known as a thermal insulation compression characteristic. In addition, since the gas circuit breaker according to the embodiment utilizes no thermal energy from the arc to increase the pressure of the blown gas, the compression repulsion force (continuous line) has an always constant curve regardless of the magnitude of the current to be broken, the phase of an AC current, etc. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a case in which the drive force ((e), dotted line) by the drive device has a flat characteristic relative to the drive stroke. On the other hand,FIG. 6 illustrates a case in which the drive force ((e), dotted line) by the drive force has an attenuating characteristic relative to the drive stroke. InFIG. 5 , as the most drastic example, the drive force is constant at 0.5 pu across the entire stroke position. On the other hand, inFIG. 6 , as an example case, the drive force linearly attenuates from 0.8 pu to 0.2 pu. -
-
- That is, although
FIGS. 5 ,6 have different stroke characteristics for the drive force, these have the same drive energy. - In general, the size of a drive device and the costs thereof have a tendency of substantially monotonic increase relative to the drive energy. That is, although
FIGS. 5 ,6 have difference characteristics for the drive force, these have the same drive energy. Hence, there would be no large difference in size and costs of the drive device between both cases. - On the other hand, although the drive energy is equal, it is clear that the drive device in
FIG. 6 , which outputs a large drive force at the first half stage of the stroke, and which has the drive force attenuating at the latter half stage of the stroke, has a larger actual acceleration force (e-a) than that ofFIG. 5 . Since the compression repulsion force (a) has the same characteristic in bothFIGs. 5 and6 , and the drive energy is equal too, the speed at the complete electrode opening position (stroke 1 pu) is the same speed, but is quite different during the stroke procedure inFIGS. 5 and6 . That is, the case inFIG. 6 which has the larger acceleration force at the first half stage of the electrode opening has a faster top speed of the movable component. - This shows that, when the drive and actuation energy is equal, the drive device that has the output attenuating type drive characteristic illustrated in
FIG. 6 is capable of speeding up the drive speed of the movable component faster in comparison with the drive device that has the drive characteristic inFIG. 5 . That is, for the gas circuit breaker, the gap between the electrodes is opened faster, resulting in a remarkable advantageous for a quick recovery of the electric insulation performance between the electrodes. - In addition, the faster the drive speed of the movable component becomes, the faster the
arc discharge 7 is transferred from thetrigger electrode 34 to thestationary arc electrode 35b, and the shorter the time until the low-temperature blowngas 15b is powerfully blown to thearc discharge 7 from the accumulatingchamber 42 becomes. Hence, an improvement of the durability, and a reduction of the necessary time until the current breaking completes can be achieved. - The reason why the action and effect explained above are obtained is because the gas circuit breaker of the embodiment achieves the pressure increase of the blown gas mainly through the adiabatic compression by the
movable piston 38, and thus the compression repulsion force has a characteristic which is quite small at the initial stage, and which keenly increases toward the latter half stage. In addition, the characteristic of the compression repulsion force that has an always constant curve regardless of, for example, the magnitude of the current to be broken and the phase of the AC current is an essential condition to obtain the above action and effect. In any cases, this is a feature that cannot be achieved by the structure of conventional gas circuit breakers. Conventional gas circuit breakers are not capable of obtaining a monotonic increase curve since the compression repulsion force applied to the stationary piston 11 is largely affected by the heat generated by an arc, and have a condition that remarkably varies depending on the break current condition. - A specific scheme of obtaining the drive output that has the attenuating characteristic in
FIG. 6 from the flat characteristic inFIG. 5 will be explained below. This is easily achieved when a drive energy source that is a compressed spring is applied. The output characteristic of the spring mechanism is given by the followingformula 3 in principle, and becomes a monotonically decreasing straight line relative to stroke x (pu) illustrated inFIG. 6 .
- In particular, by setting the spring to become close to a free length at the complete electrode opening position (L ≅ 0 pu), the value of the spring constant k becomes larger to obtain the same drive energy, and thus a characteristic of largely attenuating the drive force relative to the stroke together with a release of the spring is obtained. Alternatively, when a drive device like a hydraulic actuation mechanism that has a relatively flat output characteristic relative to the stroke is applied, by coupling an appropriate linkage mechanism, the output characteristic may be changed to the attenuating type without making a change in drive and actuation energy.
- Various schemes of setting the output characteristic to the attenuating type other than the above scheme are also adoptive, but what is important is that, according to the gas circuit breaker of the embodiment, by combining the mechanism that attenuates the drive force relative to the stroke, the speed of opening and disconnecting the electrode can be effectively increased even at same drive and actuation energy, resulting in obtaining unique advantageous effects such as a quick recovery of the insulation performance of the circuit breaker, a reduction of the necessary time until the current break completes, an improvement of the durability, etc.
- Still further, by employing the structure explained in the first embodiment in which the high gas pressure in the pressure increase
chamber 40 is isolated from the pressure in the accumulatingchamber 42, and the pressure in the pressure increasechamber 40 is released by thepressure relief 47, even if the drive force largely decreases at the latter half stage of the electrode opening action, a disadvantage such as a backward movement of the movable component does not happen. Note that an example rough standard for the drive force characteristic that decreases the output is that the drive force at the complete current breaking position (stroke 1 pu) is, for example, desirably equal to or smaller than 80 % relative to the drive force at the closing position (stroke 0 pu) . A setting of the output reduction rate to be equal to or smaller than 80 % at the complete electrode opening position enables a substantial achievement of the above action and effect. - The above embodiments are merely presented as examples in the specification, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. That is, the present disclosure can be carried out in other various forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims. For example, in the second embodiment, the explanation has been given of the example structure in which the
sub insulation nozzle 50 is provided at the stationary-arc-electrode-35b side, and theinsulation nozzle 81 is divided into two portions, but the number of divided portions is not limited to two, and may be equal to or greater than three. -
- 1
- Arc-extinguishing gas
- 2
- Opposing arc electrode
- 3
- Opposing current-flowing electrode
- 4
- Movable arc electrode
- 5
- Movable current-flowing electrode
- 6, 36
- Drive rod
- 7
- Arc discharge
- 8, 81
- Insulation nozzle
- 9
- Puffer cylinder
- 11
- Stationary piston
- 12
- Intake port
- 13
- Intake valve
- 14
- Heat exhaust gas
- 15a
- High-temperature blown gas
- 15b
- Low-temperature blown gas
- 16
- Puffer chamber
- 17
- Slide contact
- 18a, 18b
- Terminal
- 19, 31
- Link
- 20, 32
- Rib
- 21
- Support
- 22
- Flange
- 33
- Discharge opening
- 34
- Trigger electrode
- 35a, 35b
- Stationary arc electrode
- 36
- Drive rod
- 37
- Nozzle throat
- 38
- Movable piston
- 39
- Communication hole
- 40
- Pressure increase chamber
- 41
- Pressure-increase-chamber cylinder
- 42
- Accumulating chamber
- 43
- Accumulating-chamber cylinder
- 44
- Heat exhaust gas reserving chamber
- 45
- Closing component
- 46
- Sealing member
- 47
- Pressure relief
- 48
- Discharge compression gas
- 49
- Heat dissipation hole
- 50
- Sub insulation nozzle
Claims (9)
- A gas circuit breaker comprising:a pair of arc electrode (35a, 35b) disposed facing each other in a sealed container filled with an arc-extinguishing gas (1), the arc electrodes being capable of electrically flowing a current, an arc discharge (7) being produced between both the electrodes at a time of current breaking action;a pressure increaser increasing a pressure of the arc-extinguishing gas to produce a pressure-increased gas in order to blow the arc-extinguishing gas to the arc discharge;an accumulating space (42) reserving the pressure-increased gas;an insulation nozzle (81) delivering the pressure-increased gas toward the arc discharge from the accumulating space;a switch causing the accumulating space to be in a closed state or a released state; anda trigger electrode (34) disposed between the arc electrodes so as to be freely movable therebetween, and producing the arc discharge together with a movement,wherein the switch comprises a gap between the arc electrode and the trigger electrode, a gap between the insulation nozzle and the trigger electrode, or both of the gaps;the pressure-increased gas is blown to the arc discharge from a surrounding of the arc discharge to a center thereof;the pressure increaser comprises a cylinder (41) and a piston (38), at least either one of the cylinder and the piston moves to compress the arc-extinguishing gas in the cylinder, thereby producing the pressure-increased gas; anda pressure of a heat exhaust gas produced from the arc discharge is prevented from acting as a compression repulsion force to the arc-extinguishing gas by the piston or the cylinder,characterized in that the gas circuit breaker further comprises a heat exhaust gas reserving space (44) to temporarily reserve the heat exhaust gas produced from the arc discharge,wherein a pressure in the heat exhaust gas reserving space is caused to act as assist force to the compression of the arc-extinguishing gas by the piston or the cylinder.
- The gas circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein:the switch is in the closed state at a first half stage of the current breaking action, restricts a flow-in of a heat exhaust gas produced by heat of the arc discharge to the accumulating space, and restricts a flow-out of the arc-extinguishing gas being subjected to the pressure increase in the accumulating space; andthe switch is in a released state at a latter half stage of the current breaking action, and delivers the pressure-increased gas in the accumulating space to the arc discharge.
- The gas circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:the pair of arc electrodes is fixed in the sealed container;the trigger electrode having a smaller diameter than a diameter of the arc electrode is disposed inwardly relative to the pair of arc electrodes so as to be freely movable therebetween;the trigger electrode achieves a current-flowing state by electrically contacting to the arc electrode, the arc discharge is produced between the trigger electrode and one of the arc electrodes at the time of current breaking action, and the produced arc discharge is eventually transferred to the other arc electrode from the trigger electrode.
- The gas circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein at a latter half stage of the current breaking action, a compression space for the arc-extinguishing gas by the piston and the cylinder is isolated from the accumulating space reserving the arc-extinguishing gas in terms of pressure.
- The gas circuit breaker according to claim 2 or 4, wherein at the latter half stage of the current breaking action, a pressure in the compression space is released.
- The gas circuit breaker according to claim 5, further comprising a drive device to mechanically compress the arc-extinguishing gas,
wherein the drive device is configured to reduce drive force in accordance with a drive stroke. - The gas circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein a heat exhaust gas produced from the arc discharge flows in a direction apart from the arc discharge simultaneously with the production of the arc discharge without a delay, and is quickly discharged to an internal space of the sealed container.
- The gas circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein:the insulation nozzle is divided into at least two portions, the pressure increased gas is delivered from the accumulating space to the arc discharge through a gap between the divided portions; andthe pressure-increased gas is blown to a middle site of the arc discharge.
- The gas circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the insulation nozzle is fixed in the sealed container.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2014062590A JP6320106B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2014-03-25 | Gas circuit breaker |
PCT/JP2015/054620 WO2015146390A1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2015-02-19 | Gas circuit-breaker |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3125265A1 EP3125265A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
EP3125265A4 EP3125265A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
EP3125265B1 true EP3125265B1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15769921.6A Active EP3125265B1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2015-02-19 | Gas circuit-breaker |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3125265B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6320106B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106133870B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015146390A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6289856B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2018-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
EP3561840B1 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2024-07-10 | Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation | Gas-insulation switch device |
US11217408B2 (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2022-01-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas circuit breaker |
WO2019092862A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | 株式会社 東芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
WO2019092866A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | 株式会社 東芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
US11227735B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2022-01-18 | Kabushiki Kaishatoshiba | Gas circuit breaker |
JP6901425B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2021-07-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Gas circuit breaker |
JP7155283B2 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-10-18 | 株式会社東芝 | gas circuit breaker |
WO2020188754A1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社 東芝 | Gas circuit breaker |
JP7119217B2 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2022-08-16 | 株式会社東芝 | gas circuit breaker |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3265381D1 (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1985-09-19 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | High-voltage power circuit breaker |
CN1008415B (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1990-06-13 | Bbc勃朗勃威力有限公司 | Gas-blast switch |
JPH04284319A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Gas-blast circuit breaker |
DE19641550A1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-16 | Asea Brown Boveri | Circuit breaker |
DE19816505A1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | Asea Brown Boveri | Circuit breaker |
DE19816509B4 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2006-08-10 | Abb Schweiz Ag | consumable |
JP2000348580A (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2000-12-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Puffer type gas-blast breaker |
EP1207544B1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-06-14 | ABB Schweiz AG | Contact area for a circuit breaker |
-
2014
- 2014-03-25 JP JP2014062590A patent/JP6320106B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-02-19 CN CN201580015288.2A patent/CN106133870B/en active Active
- 2015-02-19 WO PCT/JP2015/054620 patent/WO2015146390A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-02-19 EP EP15769921.6A patent/EP3125265B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3125265A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
JP2015185467A (en) | 2015-10-22 |
CN106133870A (en) | 2016-11-16 |
JP6320106B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
CN106133870B (en) | 2018-11-02 |
WO2015146390A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
EP3125265A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
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