EP3123491B1 - Electrical switching apparatus comprising an improved arc-quenching device - Google Patents

Electrical switching apparatus comprising an improved arc-quenching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3123491B1
EP3123491B1 EP15712258.1A EP15712258A EP3123491B1 EP 3123491 B1 EP3123491 B1 EP 3123491B1 EP 15712258 A EP15712258 A EP 15712258A EP 3123491 B1 EP3123491 B1 EP 3123491B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quenching
arc
permanent magnets
switching
switching apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15712258.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3123491A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Kralik
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Publication of EP3123491A1 publication Critical patent/EP3123491A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • a generic arc extinguishing device comprises at least one quenching element and at least one permanent magnet for influencing an arc that occurs during the switching process.
  • the arc is blown into the quenching element by a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet.
  • the at least one permanent magnet simultaneously forms the quenching element and is arranged and poled in such a way that the arc is attracted to the permanent magnet, and is thus sucked onto the permanent magnet and quenched by it.
  • the electrical switching device is in particular a unidirectionally switching direct current contactor.
  • a switching arc forms at the switching point of a contactor during the switching process, i.e. when the contact points are opened. This releases a considerable amount of thermal energy, which can damage the switching device. In particular when particularly high currents are switched, the existence or effect of the switching arc can lead to damage or destruction of the switching device.
  • extinguishing elements are provided in the immediate vicinity of the switching point.
  • the extinguishing elements are generally plate-shaped and arranged at a distance from one another. They divide and cool the switching arc, thereby extinguishing it.
  • Both extinguishing plates and ceramic extinguishing plates can be used as extinguishing elements.
  • a suitable magnetic field is generated in order to drive (blow) the switching arc into the quenching elements.
  • a permanent magnet is usually provided to generate the magnetic field.
  • the design of the magnetic field can also be suitably influenced with the help of pole plates.
  • An electrical switching device of this type is for example from the German patent DE 1246851 B known.
  • the arc extinguishing device described there electrical switching device has a large number of deion plates as quenching plates. The switching arc is blown into the quenching plates by a permanent magnet.
  • Another electrical switching device of this type is also from DE 102010031907 B9 known.
  • a permanent magnet is used as a blowing magnet.
  • the quenching elements are designed as ceramic quenching plates in this switching device.
  • Switching devices of this type are used, for example, as direct current contactors in solar technology.
  • the requirements that the switching devices have to meet in this area are becoming ever higher.
  • there is still increasing cost pressure Due to the cost pressure i. d. R. relatively small sized contactors are used, but their switching capacity often no longer meets the increasing requirements.
  • the switching capacity of the contactors used is not sufficient to switch any short-circuit currents that may occur. This means that the switching arc that occurs during the switching process cannot be safely extinguished.
  • An arc extinguishing device is, for example, from DE 2851560 A1 and from GB 1082175 A known.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved arc extinguishing device of the generic type for an electrical switching device.
  • the improvement of the arc extinguishing device and thus the improvement in the switching capacity of the electrical switching device should be as inexpensive and easy to accomplish.
  • the invention is intended to be suitable for relatively small-sized DC contactors for use in solar technology.
  • the switching capacity should be improved without significantly increasing the dimensions of the electrical switching device.
  • a permanent magnet can be used as an extinguishing element instead of a quenching plate or a ceramic quenching plate, specifically for cooling and thus for quenching the switching arc.
  • the solution according to the invention also has the advantage that the switching arc does not have to be blown into the quenching area by an additional external blowing field. Rather, the switching arc is attracted by the quenching element or the quenching elements (quenching area) itself. It has shown that the switching arc can be extinguished particularly quickly and reliably. A particularly good extinguishing effect can be achieved by using bar magnets.
  • the solution according to the invention can be implemented inexpensively and simply, in particular since bar magnets are standard components which can be obtained particularly cheaply. It also has the advantage that the switching capacity of existing contactors can be significantly improved with conventional arc extinguishing devices while the external dimensions remain largely the same.
  • the invention does not rule out that, in addition to the permanent magnet designed as an extinguishing element, a conventional blowing magnet is provided, the magnetic field of which increases the blowing effect and is suitably aligned by any additional pole plates provided.
  • the permanent magnet is enclosed by a protective sleeve made of ceramic, at least in the area exposed to the arc. As a result, the arc-quenching effect of the permanent magnet is almost completely retained even after several switching cycles.
  • Magnesium aluminum silicate or particularly preferably calcium aluminate is preferably used as the ceramic material for the protective sleeve. More preferably, the ceramic material is glass fiber reinforced, so that the protective sleeve is particularly robust and protected against mechanical damage. Glass fiber-reinforced calcium aluminate with silicone resin is particularly preferably used
  • the arc extinguishing device has an extinguishing chamber, the extinguishing chamber having an outlet opening, and the at least one permanent magnet serving as an extinguishing element being arranged in the region of the outlet opening.
  • the gases generated by the arc or the plasma generated by the arc are led out of the switching device through the outlet opening.
  • the permanent magnet serving as the quenching element is particularly preferably arranged outside the quenching chamber in the region of the outlet opening.
  • the permanent magnet is enclosed by the protective sleeve over its entire length.
  • the arc extinguishing device has at least two permanent magnets, which each serve as an extinguishing element and are arranged and polarized such that the arc is attracted by the at least two permanent magnets, which simultaneously form extinguishing elements. Even more preferably, several permanent magnets are provided per arc extinguishing device. This increases the arc extinguishing effect and increases the breaking capacity.
  • the permanent magnets serving as extinguishing elements are all poled in the same direction.
  • all of the permanent magnets are each surrounded by a ceramic protective sleeve, at least in the area exposed to the arc.
  • the permanent magnet (s) is / are particularly strong, so that the magnetic flux density acting on the arc from the permanent magnet is at least 20 millitesla, preferably at least 25 millitesla. This ensures that the arc is sucked in and extinguished by the permanent magnet (s) without further support.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged at a distance from one another in the same way as conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements. This results in a particularly quick and effective quenching of the switching arc.
  • the distance between the permanent magnets is preferably greater than one millimeter, and is more preferably in the range between 1 and 3 mm.
  • the spaced arrangement of the permanent magnets also has the advantage that the plasma, which is generated by the switching arc, can be conducted to the outside through the gap between the permanent magnets. More preferred are Permanent magnets are elongated and aligned so that their magnetic axes are essentially perpendicular to the projected longitudinal alignment of the switching arcs.
  • the permanent magnets consist of hard ferrite.
  • Hard ferrite is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets particularly suitable for arc quenching, similar to conventional ceramic quenching elements. When using hard ferrite permanent magnets, particularly effective cooling of the switching arc is achieved.
  • the permanent magnets are cylindrical, that is to say designed as round magnets.
  • the axes of the permanent magnets preferably lie in a common plane, and are further preferably aligned parallel to one another.
  • the invention further provides an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and an arc extinguishing device according to the invention assigned to the switching point.
  • the permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device by means of a common holder.
  • the common holder can also ensure that an optimal distance between the individual permanent magnets is always maintained. It is particularly advantageous if the holder can be clipped onto the switching device. This further simplifies assembly.
  • existing electrical switching devices for example existing DC contactors
  • the holder is preferably designed such that it can be clipped onto the housing or existing components of the electrical switching device. Exposed or cylindrically encased connecting bolts of the switch housing, for example, are particularly suitable for the attachment.
  • the arc extinguishing device is adjacent to the extinguishing areas of at least two arranged poles assigned to the switching device, the permanent magnet or the permanent magnets of the arc extinguishing device extending / extending over the entire width of the switching points arranged next to each other.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable, for example, for two-pole DC contactors. With contactors of this type, two switching points are usually arranged side by side, so that two switching arcs can also occur side by side.
  • This embodiment is particularly inexpensive and easy to manufacture, since only one arc quenching device is required for the quenching areas of two or even several poles lying next to one another.
  • a particularly advantageous and, in particular, space-saving arrangement is obtained if the holder of the permanent magnets is at least partially arranged between the switching points or poles arranged next to one another.
  • the present invention provides a method for increasing the switching capacity of an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and at least one arc extinguishing device which is assigned to the switching point, the arc extinguishing device having a multiplicity of quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements for arc quenching.
  • At least two permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device in the area of the outlet opening of a quenching chamber of the arc quenching device, so that the permanent magnets form quenching elements and are arranged and polarized in the same direction that the arc is attracted by the permanent magnets, and thereby on the permanent magnets are sucked and erased by them, the permanent magnets being designed as bar magnets and each being enclosed by a ceramic protective sleeve at least in the region which is exposed to the arc.
  • the quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements can either be removed or can remain in the device for additional support of the arc quenching.
  • existing electrical switching devices in particular direct current contactors, can be easily retrofitted in order to increase their switching capacity and in particular their short-circuit switching capacity.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged directly in front of the openings of the quenching chambers from which the conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements have been removed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a unidirectionally switching, two-pole DC contactor 1 of conventional design.
  • the contactor has a housing 15 in which the switching mechanism and the movable contacts are housed.
  • the electromagnetic drive 16 of the contactor is shown below the actual switch housing 15.
  • Two connection contacts 11 and 12 can be seen on the front narrow side of the housing. Since it is a two-pole contactor, a total of four connection contacts are provided. Each of the two connection contacts 11 and 12 provided on the front narrow housing side can therefore be connected to a corresponding connection contact on the opposite narrow housing side by means of the contactor.
  • the four connection contacts each lead to a fixed contact inside the housing.
  • two switching bridges are arranged in the interior of the housing, which are actuated by the electromagnetic drive 16 and each connect or separate two of the fixed contacts.
  • An arc quenching chamber is assigned to each switching point.
  • On the front narrow side of the housing two of the total of four quenching chambers can be seen, namely the left quenching chamber 13 and the right quenching chamber 14.
  • Both of the quenching chambers 13 and 14 shown each have an opening to the outside, so that the plasma generated by the switching arc follows from inside the housing can get outside.
  • Fig. 1 the slots for conventional quenching plates that have already been removed in the contactor shown.
  • the magnetic pole plates 6 of the blow magnets arranged inside the housing, through which the switching arc is blown into the quenching plates in the conventional design of the contactor.
  • an arc quenching device is used in the contactor shown, which is attached to the housing 15 of the contactor.
  • the contactor off Fig. 1 is in Fig. 2 shown with this arc extinguishing device. It essentially consists of four cylindrical permanent magnets 3, which are arranged directly in front of the openings of the two arcing chambers 13 and 14. How in particular from Fig. 4 emerges, the four permanent magnets 3 are held by a common holder 7, which can be attached to the housing 15 of the contactor 1.
  • the bracket ensures that the four elongated cylindrical permanent magnets are first parallel to each other and second slightly spaced be kept apart.
  • the axes of the four permanent magnets lie in a plane that is aligned parallel to the immediately adjacent narrow side of the housing.
  • the parallel alignment is best in Fig. 3 to recognize.
  • Fig. 3 also shows that the two switching points on the opposite narrow side of the housing are also equipped with the arc extinguishing device described above.
  • the distance between the outer circumference of two adjacent permanent magnets is approximately 2 mm.
  • the permanent magnets 3 can, for example, be glued or screwed to the holder 7.
  • the arc extinguishing device is fastened to the housing 15 of the contactor by means of a clip connection.
  • Fig. 4 it can be seen that the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 has two resilient clip ends 9 and 10 for this purpose. These are designed so that when you attach the bracket to the housing with the two in Fig. 1 lock the cylindrical housing elements 8 shown.
  • the upper clip end 9 is first hooked onto the upper of the two cylindrical housing elements 8, then the lower clip end 10 is pressed against the lower cylindrical housing element so that it springs open slightly and then latches with this lower cylindrical housing element.
  • the two cylindrical housing elements 8 are spacers, which are arranged between the two quenching chambers 13 and 14, and corresponding fastening bolts with which the housing is held together, in the area between the two quenching chambers. Because the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 is attached to the two spacers 8 arranged between the arcing chambers 13 and 14, the holder itself is also located between the openings of the two arcing chambers.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation for explaining the operation of the arc extinguishing device is shown.
  • a switching point is shown, consisting of one of the fixed contacts 4 arranged inside the housing and the end of the corresponding contact bridge 5 assigned to this fixed contact.
  • the end of the contact bridge forms thus the movable counter-contact, which is actuated by the drive 16 of the contactor.
  • the illustration shows a snapshot shortly after the opening of the two contacts 4 and 5.
  • a switching arc 2 arises between the contact points, which is caused by the magnetic field of the blow magnet (not shown) and also by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 3 to the right is driven or blown into the permanent magnets 3.
  • the permanent magnets 3 can consist of hard ferrite. This is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets 3, like conventional extinguishing elements made of ceramic, ideal for cooling and extinguishing arcs.
  • the plasma generated by the switching arc 2 is transported to the outside through the slots between the permanent magnets 3.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the representation corresponds to the representation Fig. 2 , with the difference that the permanent magnets 3 are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 17 made of ceramic.
  • the protective sleeves are hollow cylindrical and lie on the outer circumference of the respective permanent magnet. For example, they can be glued to the permanent magnets.
  • the invention is not only suitable for retrofitting existing contactors, but can also and in particular be used in completely newly developed electrical switching devices.
  • the invention offers the advantage that the switching capacity of electrical switching devices can be improved in a particularly simple manner and without a significantly increased space requirement.
  • Blower arrangements of conventional design which drive the switching arc into the quenching arrangements, can additionally be provided, but are not always absolutely necessary, since the switching arc is attracted by the permanent magnets of the arc quenching device itself in the inventive arc quenching device.
  • the permanent magnets are both a blowing magnet and an extinguishing element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Eine gattungsgemäße Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung umfasst zumindest ein Löschelement und zumindest einen Permanentmagnet zur Beeinflussung eines beim Schaltvorgang auftretenden Lichtbogens. Der Lichtbogen wird durch ein vom Permanentmagnet erzeugtes Magnetfeld in das Löschelement geblasen. Der zumindest eine Permanentmagnet bildet gleichzeitig das Löschelement und ist derart angeordnet und gepolt, dass der Lichtbogen vom Permanentmagnet angezogen wird, und dadurch an den Permanentmagnet gesaugt und durch diesen gelöscht wird. Bei der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung handelt es sich insbesondere um ein unidirektional schaltendes Gleichstromschütz.The present invention relates to an arc extinguishing device according to the preamble of independent claim 1. A generic arc extinguishing device comprises at least one quenching element and at least one permanent magnet for influencing an arc that occurs during the switching process. The arc is blown into the quenching element by a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet. The at least one permanent magnet simultaneously forms the quenching element and is arranged and poled in such a way that the arc is attracted to the permanent magnet, and is thus sucked onto the permanent magnet and quenched by it. The electrical switching device is in particular a unidirectionally switching direct current contactor.

An der Schaltstelle eines Schaltschützes bildet sich beim Schaltvorgang, also beim Öffnen der Kontaktstellen, ein Schaltlichtbogen aus. Dabei wird eine erhebliche Menge an thermischer Energie freigesetzt, was zur Beschädigung der Schaltvorrichtung führen kann. Insbesondere wenn besonders hohe Ströme geschaltet werden, kann die Existenz bzw. Wirkung des Schaltlichtbogens zur Beschädigung oder Zerstörung des Schaltgerätes führen.A switching arc forms at the switching point of a contactor during the switching process, i.e. when the contact points are opened. This releases a considerable amount of thermal energy, which can damage the switching device. In particular when particularly high currents are switched, the existence or effect of the switching arc can lead to damage or destruction of the switching device.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es daher bekannt, eine sogenannte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung vorzusehen, die dafür sorgt, dass der Schaltlichtbogen möglichst schnell verlischt. Üblicherweise sind hierzu in unmittelbarer Nähe der Schaltstelle mehrere Löschelemente vorgesehen. Die Löschelemente sind in der Regel plattenförmig ausgebildet und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. Sie unterteilen und kühlen den Schaltlichtbogen und bringen ihn dadurch zum Erlöschen. Als Löschelemente können sowohl Löschbleche als auch keramische Löschplatten zum Einsatz kommen. Um den Schaltlichtbogen in die Löschelemente zu treiben (blasen), wird ein geeignetes Magnetfeld erzeugt. Zur Erzeugung des Magnetfelds ist üblicherweise ein Permanentmagnet vorgesehen. Die Gestaltung des Magnetfelds kann zudem mit Hilfe von Polplatten geeignet beeinflusst werden.It is therefore known from the prior art to provide a so-called arc quenching device which ensures that the switching arc is extinguished as quickly as possible. Usually several extinguishing elements are provided in the immediate vicinity of the switching point. The extinguishing elements are generally plate-shaped and arranged at a distance from one another. They divide and cool the switching arc, thereby extinguishing it. Both extinguishing plates and ceramic extinguishing plates can be used as extinguishing elements. A suitable magnetic field is generated in order to drive (blow) the switching arc into the quenching elements. A permanent magnet is usually provided to generate the magnetic field. The design of the magnetic field can also be suitably influenced with the help of pole plates.

Eine elektrische Schaltvorrichtung dieser Art ist beispielsweise aus der deutschen Patentschrift DE 1246851 B bekannt. Die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung der dort beschriebenen elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung weist eine Vielzahl von Deionblechen als Löschbleche auf. Der Schaltlichtbogen wird durch einen Permanentmagnet in die Löschbleche geblasen.An electrical switching device of this type is for example from the German patent DE 1246851 B known. The arc extinguishing device described there electrical switching device has a large number of deion plates as quenching plates. The switching arc is blown into the quenching plates by a permanent magnet.

Eine weitere elektrische Schaltvorrichtung dieser Art ist ferner aus DE 102010031907 B9 bekannt. Auch hier kommt ein Permanentmagnet als Blasmagnet zum Einsatz. Die Löschelemente sind bei dieser Schaltvorrichtung als keramische Löschplatten ausgeführt.Another electrical switching device of this type is also from DE 102010031907 B9 known. Here too, a permanent magnet is used as a blowing magnet. The quenching elements are designed as ceramic quenching plates in this switching device.

Schaltvorrichtungen dieser Art kommen beispielsweise als Gleichstromschütze in der Solartechnik zum Einsatz. Die Anforderungen, welche die Schaltvorrichtungen in diesem Bereich erfüllen müssen, werden immer höher. Gleichzeitig herrscht ein weiterhin zunehmender Kostendruck. Aufgrund des Kostendrucks werden i. d. R. relativ klein dimensionierte Schaltschütze eingesetzt, deren Schaltvermögen allerdings den steigenden Anforderungen oft nicht mehr gerecht wird. Insbesondere reicht das Schaltvermögen der verwendeten Schaltschütze nicht aus, um eventuell auftretende Kurzschlussströme zu schalten. Dies bedeutet, der beim Schaltvorgang auftretende Schaltlichtbogen kann nicht sicher zum Erlöschen gebracht werden.Switching devices of this type are used, for example, as direct current contactors in solar technology. The requirements that the switching devices have to meet in this area are becoming ever higher. At the same time, there is still increasing cost pressure. Due to the cost pressure i. d. R. relatively small sized contactors are used, but their switching capacity often no longer meets the increasing requirements. In particular, the switching capacity of the contactors used is not sufficient to switch any short-circuit currents that may occur. This means that the switching arc that occurs during the switching process cannot be safely extinguished.

Eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 ist beispielsweise aus DE 2851560 A1 und aus GB 1082175 A bekannt.An arc extinguishing device according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is, for example, from DE 2851560 A1 and from GB 1082175 A known.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine verbesserte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art für eine elektrische Schaltvorrichtung bereitzustellen. Die Verbesserung der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung und damit die Verbesserung des Schaltvermögens der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung sollen dabei möglichst kostengünstig und einfach zu bewerkstelligen sein. Insbesondere soll sich die Erfindung für relativ klein dimensionierte Gleichstromschütze zum Einsatz in der Solartechnik eignen. Das Schaltvermögen soll ohne deutliche Erhöhung der Abmessungen der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung verbessert werden.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved arc extinguishing device of the generic type for an electrical switching device. The improvement of the arc extinguishing device and thus the improvement in the switching capacity of the electrical switching device should be as inexpensive and easy to accomplish. In particular, the invention is intended to be suitable for relatively small-sized DC contactors for use in solar technology. The switching capacity should be improved without significantly increasing the dimensions of the electrical switching device.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein Permanentmagnet anstatt eines Löschblechs oder einer keramischen Löschplatte als Löschelement verwendet werden kann, und zwar zur Kühlung und somit zur Löschung des Schaltlichtbogens. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung hat ferner den Vorteil, dass der Schaltlichtbogen nicht durch ein zusätzliches externes Blasfeld in den Löschbereich geblasen werden muss. Vielmehr wird der Schaltlichtbogen von dem Löschelement bzw. den Löschelementen (Löschbereich) selbst angezogen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Schaltlichtbogen dadurch besonders schnell und zuverlässig gelöscht werden kann. Durch die Verwendung von Stabmagneten kann dabei eine besonders gute Löschwirkung erzielt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung kann kostengünstig und einfach umgesetzt werden, insbesondere da es sich bei Stabmagneten um Standardbauteile handelt, die besonders günstig bezogen werden können. Außerdem hat sie den Vorteil, dass das Schaltvermögen bestehender Schaltschütze mit konventionellen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen bei weitgehend gleichbleibenden Außenabmessungen erheblich verbessert werden kann. Die Erfindung schließt im Übrigen nicht aus, dass zusätzlich zu dem als Löschelement ausgebildeten Permanentmagneten ein herkömmlicher Blasmagnet vorgesehen ist, dessen Magnetfeld die Blaswirkung verstärkt und durch eventuell zusätzlich vorgesehene Polplatten geeignet ausgerichtet wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Permanentmagnet zumindest in dem Bereich, der dem Lichtbogen ausgesetzt ist, von einer Schutzhülse aus Keramik umschlossen. Dadurch bleibt die Lichtbogen-löschende Wirkung des Permanentmagneten auch nach etlichen Schaltzyklen nahezu vollständig erhalten. Die Lebensdauer wird somit erhöht. Als keramischer Werkstoff für die Schutzhülse kommt vorzugsweise Magnesium-Aluminium-Silikat oder besonders bevorzugt Kalziumaluminat zum Einsatz. Weiter vorzugsweise ist der keramische Werkstoff glasfaserverstärkt, so dass die Schutzhülse besonders robust und gegen mechanische Beschädigung geschützt ist. Besonders bevorzugt kommt dabei glasfaserverstärktes Kalziumaluminat mit Silikonharz zum EinsatzThe object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. It has been shown that a permanent magnet can be used as an extinguishing element instead of a quenching plate or a ceramic quenching plate, specifically for cooling and thus for quenching the switching arc. The solution according to the invention also has the advantage that the switching arc does not have to be blown into the quenching area by an additional external blowing field. Rather, the switching arc is attracted by the quenching element or the quenching elements (quenching area) itself. It has shown that the switching arc can be extinguished particularly quickly and reliably. A particularly good extinguishing effect can be achieved by using bar magnets. The solution according to the invention can be implemented inexpensively and simply, in particular since bar magnets are standard components which can be obtained particularly cheaply. It also has the advantage that the switching capacity of existing contactors can be significantly improved with conventional arc extinguishing devices while the external dimensions remain largely the same. The invention does not rule out that, in addition to the permanent magnet designed as an extinguishing element, a conventional blowing magnet is provided, the magnetic field of which increases the blowing effect and is suitably aligned by any additional pole plates provided. According to the invention, the permanent magnet is enclosed by a protective sleeve made of ceramic, at least in the area exposed to the arc. As a result, the arc-quenching effect of the permanent magnet is almost completely retained even after several switching cycles. The lifespan is thus increased. Magnesium aluminum silicate or particularly preferably calcium aluminate is preferably used as the ceramic material for the protective sleeve. More preferably, the ceramic material is glass fiber reinforced, so that the protective sleeve is particularly robust and protected against mechanical damage. Glass fiber-reinforced calcium aluminate with silicone resin is particularly preferably used

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung eine Löschkammer auf, wobei die Löschkammer eine Austrittsöffnung aufweist, und wobei der zumindest eine als Löschelement dienende Permanentmagnet im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung angeordnet ist. Durch die Austrittsöffnung werden die durch den Lichtbogen erzeugten Gase bzw. das durch den Lichtbogen erzeugte Plasma aus dem Schaltgerät nach außen geführt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird eine besonders zuverlässige Löschung des Lichtbogens gewährleistet. Besonders bevorzugt ist der als Löschelement dienende Permanentmagnet dabei außerhalb der Löschkammer im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung angeordnet.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc extinguishing device has an extinguishing chamber, the extinguishing chamber having an outlet opening, and the at least one permanent magnet serving as an extinguishing element being arranged in the region of the outlet opening. The gases generated by the arc or the plasma generated by the arc are led out of the switching device through the outlet opening. In this embodiment, a particularly reliable quenching of the arc is ensured. The permanent magnet serving as the quenching element is particularly preferably arranged outside the quenching chamber in the region of the outlet opening.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zusätzlich zu dem als Löschelement dienenden Permanentmagneten weitere Löschelemente in Form von Löschblechen oder keramischen Löschelementen vorgesehen. Die weiteren Löschelemente sind zwischen dem Permanentmagneten und der Schaltstelle innerhalb der Löschkammer angeordnet. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Lichtbogenlöschung weiter verbessert. Ferner wird dadurch die Lebensdauer des als Löschelement dienenden Permanentmagneten erhöht.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the permanent magnet serving as the extinguishing element, further extinguishing elements in the form of extinguishing plates or ceramic extinguishing elements are provided. The other quenching elements are arranged between the permanent magnet and the switching point within the quenching chamber. In this embodiment, the reliability of the arc extinguishing is further improved. Furthermore, the life of the permanent magnet serving as an extinguishing element is thereby increased.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist der Permanentmagnet auf seiner gesamten Länge von der Schutzhülse umschlossen.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the permanent magnet is enclosed by the protective sleeve over its entire length.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung zumindest zwei Permanentmagneten auf, die jeweils als Löschelement dienen und derart angeordnet und gepolt sind, dass der Lichtbogen von den zumindest zwei Permanentmagneten, die gleichzeitig Löschelemente bilden, angezogen wird. Besonders bevorzugt sind sogar mehrere Permanentmagneten pro Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung vorgesehen. Dies verstärkt den lichtbogenlöschenden Effekt und erhöht das Abschaltvermögen. Die als Löschelemente dienenden Permanentmagneten sind hierzu alle in gleicher Richtung gepolt. Erfindungsgemäß sind ferner alle Permanentmagneten zumindest in dem Bereich, der dem Lichtbogen ausgesetzt ist, jeweils von einer keramischen Schutzhülse umgeben.According to the invention, the arc extinguishing device has at least two permanent magnets, which each serve as an extinguishing element and are arranged and polarized such that the arc is attracted by the at least two permanent magnets, which simultaneously form extinguishing elements. Even more preferably, several permanent magnets are provided per arc extinguishing device. This increases the arc extinguishing effect and increases the breaking capacity. For this purpose, the permanent magnets serving as extinguishing elements are all poled in the same direction. According to the invention, all of the permanent magnets are each surrounded by a ceramic protective sleeve, at least in the area exposed to the arc.

Vorzugsweise ist/sind der/die Permanentmagnet(en) besonders stark, so dass die von dem/den Permanentmagneten auf den Lichtbogen wirkende magnetische Flussdichte zumindest 20 Millitesla, vorzugsweise zumindest 25 Millitesla, beträgt. So wird sichergestellt, dass der Lichtbogen ohne weitere Unterstützung von dem/den Permanentmagneten angesaugt und gelöscht wird.The permanent magnet (s) is / are particularly strong, so that the magnetic flux density acting on the arc from the permanent magnet is at least 20 millitesla, preferably at least 25 millitesla. This ensures that the arc is sucked in and extinguished by the permanent magnet (s) without further support.

Dabei ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Permanentmagneten in derselben Weise voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, wie herkömmliche Löschbleche oder keramische Löschelemente. So wird eine besonders schnelle und effektive Löschung des Schaltlichtbogens bewirkt. Der Abstand zwischen den Permanentmagneten ist vorzugsweise größer als ein Millimeter, und liegt weiter vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 1 und 3 mm. Die beabstandete Anordnung der Permanentmagneten hat auch den Vorteil, dass das Plasma, welches durch den Schaltlichtbogen erzeugt wird, durch den Spalt zwischen den Permanentmagneten nach außen geleitet werden kann. Weiter vorzugsweise sind die Permanentmagneten länglich ausgebildet und so ausgerichtet, dass deren magnetische Achsen im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur projizierten Längsausrichtung der Schaltlichtbögen stehen.It is particularly advantageous if the permanent magnets are arranged at a distance from one another in the same way as conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements. This results in a particularly quick and effective quenching of the switching arc. The distance between the permanent magnets is preferably greater than one millimeter, and is more preferably in the range between 1 and 3 mm. The spaced arrangement of the permanent magnets also has the advantage that the plasma, which is generated by the switching arc, can be conducted to the outside through the gap between the permanent magnets. More preferred are Permanent magnets are elongated and aligned so that their magnetic axes are essentially perpendicular to the projected longitudinal alignment of the switching arcs.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung bestehen die Permanentmagnete aus Hartferrit. Hartferrit ist ein keramisches Material, wodurch sich die Permanentmagneten ähnlich wie herkömmliche Löschelemente aus Keramik besonders gut zur Lichtbogenlöschung eignen. Bei Verwendung von Hartferrit-Permanentmagneten wird auch eine besonders effektive Kühlung des Schaltlichtbogens erreicht.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the permanent magnets consist of hard ferrite. Hard ferrite is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets particularly suitable for arc quenching, similar to conventional ceramic quenching elements. When using hard ferrite permanent magnets, particularly effective cooling of the switching arc is achieved.

Eine besonders effektive Löschwirkung wird erzielt, wenn die Permanentmagnete zylindrisch, also als Rundmagnete ausgeführt sind. Die Achsen der Permanentmagneten liegen vorzugsweise in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, und sind weiter vorzugsweise parallel zueinander ausgerichtet.A particularly effective extinguishing effect is achieved if the permanent magnets are cylindrical, that is to say designed as round magnets. The axes of the permanent magnets preferably lie in a common plane, and are further preferably aligned parallel to one another.

Die Erfindung stellt ferner eine elektrische Schaltvorrichtung mit mindestens einer Schaltstelle und einer der Schaltstelle zugeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung bereit.The invention further provides an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and an arc extinguishing device according to the invention assigned to the switching point.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Permanentmagnete mittels einer gemeinsamen Halterung an der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung angebracht. Dadurch ergibt sich eine besonders einfache Montage. Durch die gemeinsame Halterung kann zudem sichergestellt werden, dass stets ein optimaler Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Permanentmagneten eingehalten wird. Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn die Halterung an die Schaltvorrichtung anklippbar ist. Dadurch wird die Montage weiter vereinfacht. Zudem ergibt sich dadurch der Vorteil, dass bestehende elektrische Schaltvorrichtungen, beispielsweise bestehende Gleichstromschütze, auf besonders einfache Weise erfindungsgemäß nachgerüstet werden können. Hierfür ist die Halterung vorzugsweise so ausgeführt, dass sie an das Gehäuse oder bestehende Bauteile der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung angeklippt werden kann. Besonders geeignet für die Anbringung sind beispielsweise freiliegende oder zylindrisch umhüllte Verbindungsbolzen des Schaltergehäuses.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device by means of a common holder. This results in a particularly simple assembly. The common holder can also ensure that an optimal distance between the individual permanent magnets is always maintained. It is particularly advantageous if the holder can be clipped onto the switching device. This further simplifies assembly. In addition, this results in the advantage that existing electrical switching devices, for example existing DC contactors, can be retrofitted according to the invention in a particularly simple manner. For this purpose, the holder is preferably designed such that it can be clipped onto the housing or existing components of the electrical switching device. Exposed or cylindrically encased connecting bolts of the switch housing, for example, are particularly suitable for the attachment.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung den Löschbereichen zumindest zweier nebeneinander angeordneter Pole der Schaltvorrichtung zugeordnet, wobei sich der Permanentmagnet oder die Permanentmagnete der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung über die gesamte Breite der nebeneinander angeordneten Schaltstellen erstreckt/erstrecken. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich beispielsweise besonders bei zweipoligen Gleichstromschützen. Bei derartigen Schützen sind i. d. R. zwei Schaltstellen nebeneinander angeordnet, so dass auch zwei Schaltlichtbögen nebeneinander entstehen können. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders kostengünstig und einfach herzustellen, da lediglich eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für die Löschbereiche zweier oder sogar mehrerer nebeneinander liegender Pole erforderlich ist.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc extinguishing device is adjacent to the extinguishing areas of at least two arranged poles assigned to the switching device, the permanent magnet or the permanent magnets of the arc extinguishing device extending / extending over the entire width of the switching points arranged next to each other. This embodiment is particularly suitable, for example, for two-pole DC contactors. With contactors of this type, two switching points are usually arranged side by side, so that two switching arcs can also occur side by side. This embodiment is particularly inexpensive and easy to manufacture, since only one arc quenching device is required for the quenching areas of two or even several poles lying next to one another.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte und insbesondere platzsparende Anordnung ergibt sich dabei, wenn die Halterung der Permanentmagneten zumindest teilweise zwischen den nebeneinander angeordneten Schaltstellen bzw. Polen angeordnet ist.A particularly advantageous and, in particular, space-saving arrangement is obtained if the holder of the permanent magnets is at least partially arranged between the switching points or poles arranged next to one another.

Ferner stellt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Schaltvermögens eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts mit zumindest einer Schaltstelle sowie zumindest einer Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung, die der Schaltstelle zugeordnet ist, wobei die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung eine Vielzahl von Löschblechen oder keramischen Löschelementen zur Lichtbogenlöschung aufweist, bereit.Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for increasing the switching capacity of an electrical switching device with at least one switching point and at least one arc extinguishing device which is assigned to the switching point, the arc extinguishing device having a multiplicity of quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements for arc quenching.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden zumindest zwei Permanentmagneten im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung einer Löschkammer der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung an der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung angebracht, so dass die Permanentmagneten Löschelemente bilden und derart angeordnet und in gleicher Richtung gepolt sind, dass der Lichtbogen von den Permanentmagneten angezogen wird, und dadurch an die Permanentmagneten gesaugt und durch diese gelöscht wird, wobei die Permanentmagneten als Stabmagneten ausgeführt sind und zumindest in dem Bereich, der dem Lichtbogen ausgesetzt ist, jeweils von einer Schutzhülse aus Keramik umschlossen sind. Die Löschbleche oder keramischen Löschelemente können wahlweise entfernt werden oder zur zusätzlichen Unterstützung der Lichtbogenlöschung im Gerät verbleiben.In the method according to the invention, at least two permanent magnets are attached to the electrical switching device in the area of the outlet opening of a quenching chamber of the arc quenching device, so that the permanent magnets form quenching elements and are arranged and polarized in the same direction that the arc is attracted by the permanent magnets, and thereby on the permanent magnets are sucked and erased by them, the permanent magnets being designed as bar magnets and each being enclosed by a ceramic protective sleeve at least in the region which is exposed to the arc. The quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements can either be removed or can remain in the device for additional support of the arc quenching.

Alternativ umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:

  • Entfernen der Löschbleche oder keramischen Löschelemente, und
  • Anbringen mehrerer Permanentmagneten an dem elektrischen Schaltgerät als Ersatz für die Löschbleche oder keramischen Löschelemente, so dass die Permanentmagneten das Löschelement bilden und derart angeordnet und gepolt sind, dass der Lichtbogen von den Permanentmagneten angezogen wird, und dadurch magnetisch an die Permanentmagnete gesaugt und durch diese gelöscht wird.
Alternatively, the method according to the invention comprises the following method steps:
  • Removing the fire-extinguishing plates or ceramic fire-extinguishing elements, and
  • Attaching a plurality of permanent magnets to the electrical switching device as a replacement for the quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements, so that the permanent magnets form the quenching element and are arranged and poled in such a way that the arc is attracted to the permanent magnets, and thus magnetically sucked onto the permanent magnets and extinguished by them becomes.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können bestehende elektrische Schaltvorrichtungen, insbesondere Gleichstromschütze, auf einfache Weise nachgerüstet werden, um deren Schaltvermögen und insbesondere deren Kurzschlussschaltfähigkeit zu erhöhen. Die Permanentmagnete werden vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor den Öffnungen der Löschkammern angeordnet, aus welchen die herkömmlichen Löschbleche oder keramischen Löschelemente entfernt wurden.With the method according to the invention, existing electrical switching devices, in particular direct current contactors, can be easily retrofitted in order to increase their switching capacity and in particular their short-circuit switching capacity. The permanent magnets are preferably arranged directly in front of the openings of the quenching chambers from which the conventional quenching plates or ceramic quenching elements have been removed.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein zweipoliges Gleichstromschütz in Schrägansicht,
Fig. 2
das Gleichstromschütz aus Fig. 1 mit daran angebrachten Permanentmagneten,
Fig. 3
das Schaltschütz aus Fig. 2 in einer Vorderansicht,
Fig. 4
eine Detaildarstellung der an dem in den Fig. 1 - 3 dargestellten Schaltschütz angebrachten Permanentmagneten nebst entsprechender Halterung,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer Schaltstelle des Schaltschützes aus den Figuren 1 - 3 mit Permanentmagneten, und
Fig. 6
die Darstellung aus Fig. 2 in erfindungsgemäßer Ausführung mit keramischen Schutzhülsen für die Permanentmagneten.
An embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a two-pole DC contactor in an oblique view,
Fig. 2
the DC contactor Fig. 1 with permanent magnets attached to it,
Fig. 3
the contactor Fig. 2 in a front view,
Fig. 4
a detailed representation of the in the 1 - 3 shown contactor attached permanent magnet with appropriate bracket,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a switching point of the contactor from the Figures 1-3 with permanent magnets, and
Fig. 6
the representation Fig. 2 in the design according to the invention with ceramic protective sleeves for the permanent magnets.

Für die folgenden Ausführungen gilt, dass gleiche Teile durch gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind. Sofern in einer Zeichnung Bezugszeichen enthalten sind, auf die in der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung nicht näher eingegangen wird, so wird auf vorangehende oder nachfolgende Figurenbeschreibungen Bezug genommen.For the following explanations, the same parts are identified by the same reference symbols. If reference numbers are contained in a drawing, which are not discussed in more detail in the associated description of the figures, reference is made to previous or following description of the figures.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein unidirektional schaltendes, zweipoliges Gleichstromschütz 1 herkömmlicher Bauart. Das Schütz verfügt über ein Gehäuse 15, in dem die Schaltmechanik und die beweglichen Kontakte untergebracht sind. Unterhalb des eigentlichen Schaltergehäuses 15 ist der elektromagnetische Antrieb 16 des Schützes gezeigt. An der vorderen Gehäuseschmalseite sind zwei Anschlusskontakte 11 und 12 zu erkennen. Da es sich um ein zweipoliges Schaltschütz handelt, sind insgesamt vier Anschlusskontakte vorgesehen. Jeder der beiden an der vorderen Gehäuseschmalseite vorgesehenen Anschlusskontakte 11 und 12 kann mittels des Schaltschützes daher mit einem entsprechenden Anschlusskontakt auf der gegenüberliegenden Gehäuseschmalseite verbunden werden. Die vier Anschlusskontakte führen jeweils zu einem Festkontakt im Gehäuseinneren. Zusätzlich sind im Gehäuseinneren zwei Schaltbrücken angeordnet, die von dem elektromagnetischen Antrieb 16 betätigt werden und jeweils zwei der Festkontakte miteinander verbinden bzw. voneinander trennen. Insgesamt bestehen somit vier Schaltstellen, und zwar jeweils zwischen einem der Festkontakte und der jeweils zugehörigen Kontaktbrücke. Jeder Schaltstelle ist eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer zugeordnet. An der vorderen Gehäuseschmalseite sind zwei der insgesamt vier Löschkammern zu erkennen, nämlich die linke Löschkammer 13 und die rechte Löschkammer 14. Beide der gezeigten Löschkammern 13 und 14 weisen jeweils eine Öffnung nach außen auf, damit das durch den Schaltlichtbogen erzeugte Plasma aus dem Gehäuseinneren nach außen gelangen kann. Deutlich zu erkennen sind in Fig. 1 die Einschubschlitze für herkömmliche Löschbleche, die bei dem gezeigten Schaltschütz bereits entfernt wurden. Ebenfalls zu erkennen sind die magnetischen Polplatten 6 der im Gehäuseinneren angeordneten Blasmagneten, durch die der Schaltlichtbogen bei der herkömmlichen Ausführung des Schaltschützes in die Löschbleche geblasen wird. Fig. 1 shows a unidirectionally switching, two-pole DC contactor 1 of conventional design. The contactor has a housing 15 in which the switching mechanism and the movable contacts are housed. The electromagnetic drive 16 of the contactor is shown below the actual switch housing 15. Two connection contacts 11 and 12 can be seen on the front narrow side of the housing. Since it is a two-pole contactor, a total of four connection contacts are provided. Each of the two connection contacts 11 and 12 provided on the front narrow housing side can therefore be connected to a corresponding connection contact on the opposite narrow housing side by means of the contactor. The four connection contacts each lead to a fixed contact inside the housing. In addition, two switching bridges are arranged in the interior of the housing, which are actuated by the electromagnetic drive 16 and each connect or separate two of the fixed contacts. There are a total of four switching points, each between one of the fixed contacts and the associated contact bridge. An arc quenching chamber is assigned to each switching point. On the front narrow side of the housing, two of the total of four quenching chambers can be seen, namely the left quenching chamber 13 and the right quenching chamber 14. Both of the quenching chambers 13 and 14 shown each have an opening to the outside, so that the plasma generated by the switching arc follows from inside the housing can get outside. Can be clearly seen in Fig. 1 the slots for conventional quenching plates that have already been removed in the contactor shown. Also visible are the magnetic pole plates 6 of the blow magnets arranged inside the housing, through which the switching arc is blown into the quenching plates in the conventional design of the contactor.

Anstatt der herkömmlichen Löschbleche kommt bei dem gezeigten Schaltschütz eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung zum Einsatz, die am Gehäuse 15 des Schaltschützes angebracht wird. Das Schaltschütz aus Fig. 1 ist in Fig. 2 mit dieser Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung dargestellt. Sie besteht im Wesentlichen aus vier zylindrischen Permanentmagneten 3, die unmittelbar vor den Öffnungen der beiden Löschkammern 13 und 14 angeordnet sind. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 4 hervorgeht, werden die vier Permanentmagneten 3 von einer gemeinsamen Halterung 7 gehalten, die an dem Gehäuse 15 des Schaltschützes 1 angebracht werden kann. Die Halterung sorgt dafür, dass die vier länglich ausgebildeten zylindrischen Permanentmagnete erstens parallel zueinander und zweitens leicht beabstandet voneinander gehalten werden. Die Achsen der vier Permanentmagneten liegen in einer Ebene, die parallel zur unmittelbar benachbarten Gehäuseschmalseite ausgerichtet ist. Die parallele Ausrichtung ist am besten in Fig. 3 zu erkennen. Fig. 3 zeigt darüber hinaus, dass auch die beiden an der gegenüber liegenden Gehäuseschmalseite befindlichen Schaltstellen mit der zuvor beschriebenen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung ausgerüstet sind. Der Abstand zwischen dem Außenumfang zweier benachbarter Permanentmagneten beträgt ca. 2 mm. Die Permanentmagneten 3 können beispielsweise mit der Halterung 7 verklebt oder verschraubt sein.Instead of the conventional quenching plates, an arc quenching device is used in the contactor shown, which is attached to the housing 15 of the contactor. The contactor off Fig. 1 is in Fig. 2 shown with this arc extinguishing device. It essentially consists of four cylindrical permanent magnets 3, which are arranged directly in front of the openings of the two arcing chambers 13 and 14. How in particular from Fig. 4 emerges, the four permanent magnets 3 are held by a common holder 7, which can be attached to the housing 15 of the contactor 1. The bracket ensures that the four elongated cylindrical permanent magnets are first parallel to each other and second slightly spaced be kept apart. The axes of the four permanent magnets lie in a plane that is aligned parallel to the immediately adjacent narrow side of the housing. The parallel alignment is best in Fig. 3 to recognize. Fig. 3 also shows that the two switching points on the opposite narrow side of the housing are also equipped with the arc extinguishing device described above. The distance between the outer circumference of two adjacent permanent magnets is approximately 2 mm. The permanent magnets 3 can, for example, be glued or screwed to the holder 7.

Die Befestigung der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung am Gehäuse 15 des Schaltschützes erfolgt mittels einer Klippverbindung. In Fig. 4 ist zu erkennen, dass die Halterung 7 der Permanentmagneten 3 hierfür über zwei federnde Klippenden 9 und 10 verfügt. Diese sind so ausgebildet, dass sie beim Anbringen der Halterung am Gehäuse mit den beiden in Fig. 1 gezeigten zylindrischen Gehäuseelementen 8 verrasten. Das obere Klippende 9 wird hierfür zunächst an dem oberen der beiden zylindrischen Gehäuseelemente 8 eingehängt, anschließend wird das untere Klippende 10 gegen das untere zylindrische Gehäuseelement gedrückt, so dass es leicht auffedert und anschließend mit diesem unteren zylindrischen Gehäuseelement verrastet. Bei den beiden zylindrischen Gehäuseelementen 8 handelt es sich um Abstandhalter, die zwischen den beiden Löschkammern 13 und 14 angeordnet sind und entsprechende Befestigungsbolzen, mit welchen das Gehäuse zusammengehalten wird, in dem Bereich zwischen den beiden Löschkammern umgeben. Dadurch, dass die Halterung 7 der Permanentmagneten 3 an den beiden zwischen den Löschkammern 13 und 14 angeordneten Abstandshaltern 8 angebracht ist, befindet sich auch die Halterung selbst zwischen den Öffnungen der beiden Löschkammern. Die Permanentmagnete 3 hingegen ragen seitlich aus der Halterung hervor und erstrecken sich daher jeweils auf einer Seite über die gesamte Breite der Öffnung der linken Löschkammer 13, und auf der anderen Seite über die gesamte Breite der Öffnung der rechten Löschkammer 14. Auf diese Weise wird für zwei Schaltstellen lediglich eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung benötigt.The arc extinguishing device is fastened to the housing 15 of the contactor by means of a clip connection. In Fig. 4 it can be seen that the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 has two resilient clip ends 9 and 10 for this purpose. These are designed so that when you attach the bracket to the housing with the two in Fig. 1 lock the cylindrical housing elements 8 shown. For this purpose, the upper clip end 9 is first hooked onto the upper of the two cylindrical housing elements 8, then the lower clip end 10 is pressed against the lower cylindrical housing element so that it springs open slightly and then latches with this lower cylindrical housing element. The two cylindrical housing elements 8 are spacers, which are arranged between the two quenching chambers 13 and 14, and corresponding fastening bolts with which the housing is held together, in the area between the two quenching chambers. Because the holder 7 of the permanent magnets 3 is attached to the two spacers 8 arranged between the arcing chambers 13 and 14, the holder itself is also located between the openings of the two arcing chambers. The permanent magnets 3, on the other hand, protrude laterally from the holder and therefore each extend on one side over the entire width of the opening of the left quenching chamber 13, and on the other side over the entire width of the opening of the right quenching chamber 14. In this way, for two switching points, only one arc quenching device is required.

In Fig. 5 ist eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung gezeigt. Dargestellt ist eine Schaltstelle, bestehend aus einem der im Gehäuseinneren angeordneten Festkontakte 4 und dem diesem Festkontakt zugeordneten Ende der entsprechenden Kontaktbrücke 5. Das Ende der Kontaktbrücke bildet somit den beweglichen Gegenkontakt, der vom Antrieb 16 des Schaltschützes betätigt wird. Die Darstellung zeigt eine Momentaufnahme kurz nach dem Öffnen der beiden Kontakte 4 und 5. Beim Öffnungsvorgang entsteht zwischen den Kontaktstellen ein Schaltlichtbogen 2, der durch das magnetische Feld des nicht dargestellten Blasmagneten, und darüber hinaus auch durch das magnetische Feld der Permanentmagneten 3, nach rechts in die Permanentmagneten 3 getrieben bzw. geblasen wird. Fig. 5 zeigt, dass die Achsen der Permanentmagneten 3 im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur projizierten Längserstreckung des Schaltlichtbogens 2 ausgerichtet sind. Daher ist auch das durch die Permanentmagneten 3 aufgebaute Magnetfeld im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längserstreckung des Schaltlichtbogens ausgerichtet. Das Magnetfeld sorgt dafür, dass der Schaltlichtbogen 2 nach rechts abwandert und schließlich auf die Permanentmagneten 3 trifft. Er wird dort gelängt und in weiterer Folge gelöscht. Die Permanentmagneten können erfindungsgemäß aus Hartferrit bestehen. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein keramisches Material, wodurch sich die Permanentmagneten 3 ähnlich wie herkömmliche Löschelemente aus Keramik hervorragend zur Kühlung und Löschung von Lichtbögen eignen. Das durch den Schaltlichtbogen 2 erzeugte Plasma wird durch die Schlitze zwischen den Permanentmagneten 3 nach außen transportiert.In Fig. 5 is a schematic representation for explaining the operation of the arc extinguishing device is shown. A switching point is shown, consisting of one of the fixed contacts 4 arranged inside the housing and the end of the corresponding contact bridge 5 assigned to this fixed contact. The end of the contact bridge forms thus the movable counter-contact, which is actuated by the drive 16 of the contactor. The illustration shows a snapshot shortly after the opening of the two contacts 4 and 5. During the opening process, a switching arc 2 arises between the contact points, which is caused by the magnetic field of the blow magnet (not shown) and also by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 3 to the right is driven or blown into the permanent magnets 3. Fig. 5 shows that the axes of the permanent magnets 3 are aligned substantially perpendicular to the projected longitudinal extent of the switching arc 2. Therefore, the magnetic field built up by the permanent magnets 3 is also oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the switching arc. The magnetic field ensures that the switching arc 2 migrates to the right and finally hits the permanent magnets 3. It is lengthened there and subsequently deleted. According to the invention, the permanent magnets can consist of hard ferrite. This is a ceramic material, which makes the permanent magnets 3, like conventional extinguishing elements made of ceramic, ideal for cooling and extinguishing arcs. The plasma generated by the switching arc 2 is transported to the outside through the slots between the permanent magnets 3.

In Fig. 6 ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Darstellung entspricht der Darstellung aus Fig. 2, mit dem Unterschied, dass die Permanentmagneten 3 jeweils von einer Schutzhülse 17 aus Keramik umschlossen sind. Die Schutzhülsen sind hohlzylindrisch und liegen am Außenumfang des jeweiligen Permanentmagneten an. Sie können mit den Permanentmagneten beispielsweise verklebt sein.In Fig. 6 An embodiment of the invention is shown. The representation corresponds to the representation Fig. 2 , with the difference that the permanent magnets 3 are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 17 made of ceramic. The protective sleeves are hollow cylindrical and lie on the outer circumference of the respective permanent magnet. For example, they can be glued to the permanent magnets.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass sich die Erfindung nicht nur zur Nachrüstung bestehender Schaltschütze eignet, sondern auch und insbesondere bei völlig neu entwickelten elektrischen Schaltvorrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen kann. Die Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, dass das Schaltvermögen elektrischer Schaltvorrichtungen auf besonders einfache Weise und ohne signifikant erhöhten Platzbedarf verbessert werden kann. Blasanordnungen herkömmlicher Bauart, die den Schaltlichtbogen in die Löschanordnungen treiben, können zusätzlich vorgesehen werden, sind jedoch nicht immer zwingend erforderlich, da der Schaltlichtbogen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung von den Permanentmagneten der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung selbst angezogen wird. Die Permanentmagneten sind Blasmagnet und Löschelement zugleich.It is pointed out that the invention is not only suitable for retrofitting existing contactors, but can also and in particular be used in completely newly developed electrical switching devices. The invention offers the advantage that the switching capacity of electrical switching devices can be improved in a particularly simple manner and without a significantly increased space requirement. Blower arrangements of conventional design, which drive the switching arc into the quenching arrangements, can additionally be provided, but are not always absolutely necessary, since the switching arc is attracted by the permanent magnets of the arc quenching device itself in the inventive arc quenching device. The permanent magnets are both a blowing magnet and an extinguishing element.

Claims (13)

  1. Arc-quenching device for an electric switching apparatus (1) with at least one switching point, whereby the arc-quenching device comprises at least one quenching element and at least two permanent magnets (3) for influencing an arc (2) that emerges during the switching process, whereby the arc (2) is blown into the quenching element by a magnetic field that is created by the permanent magnets (3), whereby the permanent magnets (3) form at the same time the quenching element and are arranged and polarized in a way that the arc (2) is attracted by the permanent magnets (3) and thereby sucked onto the permanent magnets (3) and quenched by said permanent magnets, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are each used as a quenching element and are polarized in the same direction and arranged in a way that the arc (2) is attracted by the at least two permanent magnets (3) that form quenching elements at the same time, and wherein the permanent magnets (3) are designed as rod magnets and are enclosed, at least in the area that is exposed to the arc, each by a protection sleeve (17) made of ceramic.
  2. Arc-quenching device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the arc-quenching device has a quenching chamber (13, 14), whereby the quenching chamber (13, 14) has an outlet opening, and whereby the permanent magnets (3) that are used as a quenching element are arranged in the area of the outlet opening.
  3. Arc-quenching device according to one of Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are particularly strong so that the magnetic flux density that impacts from the permanent magnets (3) onto the arc (2) is at least 20 millitesla, preferably at least 25 millitesla.
  4. Arc-quenching device according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are arranged at a distance from one another in the same way as conventional quenching sheets or ceramic quenching elements.
  5. Arc-quenching device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) consist of hard ferrite.
  6. Arc-quenching device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are designed as cylindrical rod magnets.
  7. Electric switching apparatus (1) with at least one switching point and at least one arc-quenching device according to one of claims 1 to 6 that is assigned to the switching point.
  8. Electric switching apparatus (1) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are installed on the electric switching apparatus (1) by means of a joint support (7).
  9. Electric switching apparatus (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the support (7) can be clipped onto the switching device (1).
  10. Electric switching apparatus (1) according to one of the Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the arc-quenching device is assigned to at least two switching points of the switching apparatus (1) that are arranged next to one another, whereby the permanent magnets (3) of the arc-quenching device extend over the combined width of the switching points that are arranged next to one another.
  11. Electric switching apparatus (1) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the support (7) is disposed between the switching points that are arranged next to one another.
  12. Method for increasing the switching capacity of an electric switching apparatus (1) with at least one switching point as well as at least one arc-quenching device that is assigned to the switching point, whereby the arc-quenching device has a quenching chamber (13, 14) with an outlet opening as well as a plurality of quenching sheets or ceramic quenching elements for arc quenching, whereby at least two permanent magnets (3) are installed on the electric switching apparatus in the area of the outlet opening so that the permanent magnets (3) form a quenching element and are arranged and polarized in a way that the arc (2) is attracted by the permanent magnets (3) and thereby sucked onto the permanent magnets (3) and quenched by said permanent magnets, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3) are each used as a quenching element and are polarized in the same direction and arranged in a way that the arc (2) is attracted by the at least two permanent magnets (3) that form quenching elements at the same time, and wherein the permanent magnets (3) are designed as rod magnets and are enclosed, at least in the area that is exposed to the arc, each by a protection sleeve (17) made of ceramic.
  13. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the quenching sheets or ceramic quenching elements are at first removed, and that the permanent magnets (3) are installed on the electric switching apparatus (1) as a substitute for the quenching sheets or ceramic quenching elements.
EP15712258.1A 2014-03-27 2015-03-25 Electrical switching apparatus comprising an improved arc-quenching device Active EP3123491B1 (en)

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DE102014004455.6A DE102014004455B4 (en) 2014-03-27 2014-03-27 Electrical switching device with improved arc extinguishing device and method for manufacturing such switching device
PCT/EP2015/000639 WO2015144309A1 (en) 2014-03-27 2015-03-25 Electrical switching apparatus comprising an improved arc-quenching device

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JP (1) JP6591432B2 (en)
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RU2663880C2 (en) 2018-08-13
EP3123491A1 (en) 2017-02-01
UA117617C2 (en) 2018-08-27
US9947489B2 (en) 2018-04-17
WO2015144309A1 (en) 2015-10-01
DE102014004455A1 (en) 2015-10-15
CN106663555B (en) 2018-11-23
ES2815273T3 (en) 2021-03-29
US20170178831A1 (en) 2017-06-22
RU2016133465A3 (en) 2018-04-27
CN106663555A (en) 2017-05-10
JP6591432B2 (en) 2019-10-16
RU2016133465A (en) 2018-04-27
KR20160137616A (en) 2016-11-30
JP2017510033A (en) 2017-04-06
KR101846768B1 (en) 2018-04-06

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