EP3121549B1 - Heat exchange element - Google Patents
Heat exchange element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3121549B1 EP3121549B1 EP15178349.5A EP15178349A EP3121549B1 EP 3121549 B1 EP3121549 B1 EP 3121549B1 EP 15178349 A EP15178349 A EP 15178349A EP 3121549 B1 EP3121549 B1 EP 3121549B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchange
- pipe
- plate
- plate element
- fit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/14—Fastening; Joining by using form fitting connection, e.g. with tongue and groove
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchange element according to claim 1, a heat exchanger according to claim 14, a method for producing a heat exchange element according to claim 15 Wall panels or directly in the ceiling or wall are used.
- WO 2009/157519 A1 discloses a heat exchange element according to the preamble of claim 1.
- connection methods have disadvantages.
- Conventional solder joints are mechanically sensitive, especially when subjected to impact stress, which can occur during assembly, for example.
- adhesive joints exhibit poor thermal conductivity, while in known welded joints, materials, in particular materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, have a strong tendency to warp due to the associated high thermal stress and often have to be reworked.
- JP 2011/041954 a method of manufacturing a heat transfer plate, in which a plate gutter with a pipe arranged therein is connected to a cover by friction stir welding of a rotating tool in a butted area between the cover and the side wall of the gutter. The rotating tool is then guided with a lower temperature input on the back of the panel to straighten it again.
- JP10054688 discloses the manufacture of a heat sink for a fusion reactor in which a plurality of tubes are metallurgically bonded to at least two mating grooved plates such that the plates are bonded both to each other and to the tubes.
- the aim of the present application is to improve at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- a heat exchange element comprises a tube for a heat exchange fluid to flow through and at least one thermally conductive plate element for absorbing ambient heat and thermally transferring the ambient heat to the tube and/or absorbing thermal heat from the tube and releasing it heat to the environment.
- the tube is arranged on at least one plate element or between at least two plate elements of a plate element arrangement, with at least one contact means being provided for thermal contact, which comprises a connecting means and/or pressing means.
- the plate element is adapted in the area of a plate element contact surface for thermally conductive contact to the pipe contact surface by means of a fit, with a material thickness d that is reduced compared to the plate thickness D of the plate element, in order to enlarge the contact surfaces.
- the material thickness d can be stepped at an angle or at right angles, stepped or evenly decreasing towards the middle of the fit.
- a pipe is operatively connected via one or more lateral pipe contact surfaces to at least one or, in the case of a plate element arrangement, to at least two or more plate elements, which in turn have at least one plate element contact surface for connecting to the Have pipe contact surface.
- An active connection is understood here to mean a thermally conductive arrangement between the tube or tube contact surface and the opposite contact surface, which is produced by physical, conductive connection means (solder, adhesive, welding) or by pressing one contact surface onto the other.
- the connecting means include a welded connection and can also include a soldered connection and/or an adhesive connection.
- the pipe can have at least one pipe contact surface that is at least partially flat in cross section.
- the heat exchange element comprises one or more plate elements which are connected to the at least one tube by at least one or more substantially parallel lines of weld points.
- the tube can be operatively connected to a longitudinal direction L of the plate element parallel or preferably transversely, particularly preferably essentially at a right angle.
- the sections connected by welding or also soldering and/or gluing become shorter, which means that thermal stresses that are not as great as in a parallel structure cannot form in the connection.
- spacing gaps are advantageously provided between the plate elements. For example, with a plate element width B of 20 to 80 mm, gap distances S between 10 and 40 mm can be selected. This applies in particular to materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, such as when using aluminum plates and copper pipes.
- the tube can also be connected to at least one plate element in a meandering manner, with the curved tube sections preferably being outside the contact surfaces lie, therefore the one or more plate elements protrude laterally, which facilitates a mechanical adjustment of the contact surfaces.
- tube and plate element can be straight in the area of the fit, particularly in the area of the contact surfaces for the heat transfer between tube and plate element, which lowers the manufacturing costs because, among other things, the fit can also be straight.
- a further preferred embodiment of the heat exchange element results when a dimension X of the plate element parallel to the tube axis in the area of the plate element contact surface is greater than a dimension Y in an area further away from the tube.
- a boundary line GL defined by the edge of the plate element can be enlarged and/or plate elements can be designed in such a way that they have mutually intertwined, e.g. parallel, spaced boundary lines, e.g is chosen to ensure rapid heat conduction from the open space to the plate element, on the other hand large enough to attach the desired acoustic damping elements between the plates.
- Corresponding shapes that can be combined with one another and preferably surface ratios, or surface to boundary line ratios, are described below using the corresponding Figures 7, 8 and 11 shown and described.
- the plate element can have longitudinal holes aligned perpendicularly to the tube axis in the region of the pressing plane.
- the weight of the plate element can be significantly reduced without interrupting the flow of heat in the direction of the tube.
- This also makes it possible to significantly enlarge the thermally effective surface(s) of the plate element that is operatively connected to a pipe, e.g. the pressing surface or its rear side, which results in a significant Weight saving results.
- a pipe e.g. the pressing surface or its rear side
- Widths b of 80 to 1000 mm are possible with appropriate panel elements provided with longitudinal holes.
- a corresponding surface area per tube unit that is 3 to about 12 times larger can thus be realized.
- the open areas of the heat exchanger formed by the longitudinal holes are also available for acoustic damping measures, as described above, with appropriate dimensioning of the longitudinal holes.
- the holes in the front wall of the heat exchanger can at least partially overlap with the holes or longitudinal holes in the plate element, in the area of the free areas formed, flanges can be placed on the front wall holes and/or corresponding flat insulating material (fleece, grid, etc.) may be provided.
- the latter can also be arranged over the entire area between the tubes, ie covering the plate element and open area, for example analogously to heat exchangers with tubes attached directly to the inner heat exchange surface.
- each embodiment can also have a larger number of round holes flanged in a rearward direction, that is to say in the opposite direction to the pressing surface. These can be provided at least in certain surface areas in addition to the longitudinal holes, with the latter also being able to be flanged.
- the flanging can be done by a punching tool that is rounded at the cutting edges to produce the holes.
- the side of the plate element facing away from the tube, or the sides of the at least two plate elements of the plate element arrangement facing away from the tube extend on both sides of a plane of symmetry S of the heat exchange element in a different plane A, A′, respectively the planes A, A' intersect in the plane of symmetry S along a line of intersection between the plane of symmetry S and a fourth plane H running parallel to a pipe axis 2 and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry S.
- the planes A, A' form an acute angle ⁇ , ⁇ ' to the plane H, so that the heat exchange element (1) resiliently attaches to the planes A, A' a heat exchange surface 21 parallel to the fourth plane H can be pressed.
- a plane of symmetry S is understood here and in the following to mean a plane S which divides the heat exchange element symmetrically and is perpendicular to the heat exchange surface.
- angles ⁇ , ⁇ ′ are equal in magnitude and/or open in opposite directions with respect to the plane of symmetry S, thereby on the same side of the plane H opposite the tube.
- the angle is preferred in terms of magnitude from 1 to 15°, particularly preferably from 2 to 10°.
- the pressing means can in principle be fastened on the side of the plate element or elements facing the pipe, or interact with a heat exchanger comprising the heat exchange element or with a building element mounted on or in a building surface in such a way that the heat transfer between pipe and plate element and/or between plate element and an inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger is improved.
- the heat exchange element is advantageously pressed against the inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger by the pressing means in such a way that the angles ⁇ , ⁇ ' are essentially equal to 0° and the entire pressing surface is therefore available for heat exchange .
- the fit can include a flat surface or consist of a flat surface.
- the average roughness of the contact surfaces is adjusted to an Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the latter is also advantageous, for example, for a plate element/pipe arrangement with plates cut at an angle, since a connection is then possible, e.g Lateral surface of the plate element enlarged.
- the supply/dissipation of the heat to or from the plate element is also facilitated by a central connection with respect to the plate thickness.
- the heat exchange element can also have a solder gap. This can advantageously be set to a depth of between 0.05 and 0.3 mm. If the solder gap by two in Edge region of the fit provided spacer steps and the tube lying on top formed, this can be particularly narrow, for example. Between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, configured without liquid solder leaking when placing the tube on the plate laterally. This applies in particular if an adhesive connection is additionally provided on the spacer steps.
- the width of the space step can be set between 2 and 5 mm. If an interrupted spacer step or spacer nubs is used, a slightly larger distance of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is better.
- the plate element is preferably made of a light metal, in particular aluminum, due to its good thermal conductivity and low weight.
- the preferred material for the tube is copper, but another metal, for example aluminum, can also be used here.
- the tube is connected to the plate element by a welded connection SV.
- the welded connection SV advantageously comprises at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the pipe axis, as a result of which less distortion could be achieved in comparison to continuous weld seams.
- the welded connection SV in particular the welding points, can be attached from the side of the plate element facing away from the pipe.
- a thinning can also occur on the side of the fit facing away from the pipe of the plate material, for example in the form of one or more beads or indentations, can be arranged parallel to the fit.
- the material thickness d can be set between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the area of the fit, in particular in the area of a welded joint, which facilitates the welding process.
- plate thicknesses D between 0.5 and 10 mm are selected for welded heat exchange elements 1 with a weld performed from below (ie from the side of the plate element facing away from the pipe).
- Another object of the present invention is a heat exchanger with at least one heat exchange element as described above, with a front wall comprising an inner heat exchange surface and an opposite outer heat exchange surface, the contact surface A pr of the heat exchange element being smaller than the inner heat exchange surface A wi and the ratio A pr / A wi is in a range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in a range from 0.4 and 0.6.
- the area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi that is not in contact with the contact surface A pr is also called the free surface and is available, for example, for acoustic damping measures.
- the ratio between the inner heat exchange surface A wi and the boundary line GL of the at least one heat exchange element is preferably set to between 0.5 and 3 cm, particularly preferably between 0.9 and 1.8 cm.
- an acoustic damper can be arranged on a partial area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi between the pipe(s) and/or the plate elements, in particular on an open area.
- the open area is understood here as the area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi that is not in contact with a pressing surface of a plate element.
- the acoustic damper can include one or more mats made of fleece material and/or a perforated or grid plate. Such a damper can also be additionally arranged in a rear region with respect to the heat exchange element.
- a heat exchanger comprises at least one heat exchange element as described above and a front wall as described above, and preferably a housing which also comprises a side wall in addition to the front wall.
- Contact means which include connecting means and/or pressing means, can be provided for pressing the heat exchange element against the inner heat exchange surface.
- the pressing means can include a rear wall and/or a clamping device that interacts with the side wall, in particular with the rear region of the side wall, for example in the manner of a bayonet lock.
- Thermal insulation material can also be arranged in a rear area with respect to the heat exchange element, in order to thermally insulate the heat exchanger from the building mass, for example, if required.
- the front wall of the heat exchanger can preferably comprise an aluminum plate, particularly preferably an aluminum plate which has been pretreated on the front side, hence on the outer heat exchange surface.
- the surface can be conditioned by the pre-treatment in such a way that it can be painted or plastered.
- the tube and plate of the heat exchanger can be connected using various bonding methods, such as welding, for example spot or line welding, by gluing, for example using UV-curing adhesive or using thermally reactive adhesive, which is applied to at least one contact surface (e.g. with protective film) and melted by the supply of heat, can be connected to one another.
- welding for example spot or line welding
- thermally reactive adhesive which is applied to at least one contact surface (e.g. with protective film) and melted by the supply of heat
- the soldering method described below has proven to be particularly suitable, with the mechanical (pre)processing of the tube contact surface described in more detail there also being advantageous with regard to a bond with other bonding methods, in particular those mentioned above.
- the plate element contact surfaces are preferably adapted to the contour of the pipe contact surface in a preceding process by mechanical processing of the plate element in order to enlarge the contact surface.
- Mechanical processing steps that include milling, grinding, sawing or embossing are particularly suitable, especially for small series.
- the usual external tube diameter of 12 mm can be preferably obtained by milling a channel-shaped, at least in the edge area, a fit in the shape of a segment of a circle with a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.6 to approx. 1 mm, can be produced on a simply shaped, thin plate in order to produce a larger plate contact surface for fastening a cylindrical or a flattened tube.
- the plate thickness is 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm.
- the deepening of the channel has a chord length of about 5 mm in order to attach pipes with a diameter of about 5 to 20 mm.
- the segment depth of the channel can thus advantageously be set in a range between 2 and 12%, preferably in a range between 5 and 8% of the outside diameter of the pipe.
- a corresponding plate can also be divided into two halves by a correspondingly deeper circular milling and these can then be connected to two opposite sides of the tube with respect to the plane of symmetry 2 .
- plates that are flat on both sides can also be fastened to the pipe in two different planes A, A′, as described above.
- the panels may be bevel cut instead.
- the average roughness of the milled or cut surface should be set to a Ra range as specified above in order to enable a central connection with a large-area solder connection in relation to the panel thickness.
- such plate elements can be attached to the side of the pipe, whereas one-piece plate elements with an attached pipe can be symmetrically pre-bent to fit if necessary.
- the pipe can be connected to the plate element or elements on at least one pipe contact surface that is at least partially flat in cross section.
- the mechanical methods mentioned above enable a particularly favorable and flexible production of light heat exchange elements, including those with a large surface area, which in principle can also be connected using other methods, for example by gluing or welding.
- the material thickness d in the area of the fit can be further reduced by applying a thinning on the side of the plate element facing away from the tube.
- the welded connection is advantageously applied in an area of the fit in which the material thickness d is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular by previous mechanical processing on one or both sides, which also applies to two-part plate elements attached at the side.
- the welded connection can be made from the "lower" side of the plate element facing away from the pipe, for example by laser or ultrasonic welding.
- a sonotrode acting on the tube from above can be used in addition to the lower sonotrode.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a heat exchanger, preferably a heat exchanger according to the invention with a heat exchange element produced according to the invention, a heat exchange element preferably precoated with adhesive being glued and/or to the inner heat exchange surface is clamped.
- the plate element of the heat exchange element can first be precoated with an adhesive in a preceding method step, provided with a protective film and then soldered to a tube before it is glued to the front wall of the heat exchanger.
- an acoustic damper can be placed on an open area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi , the damper overlapping at least in sections with edge regions of a heat exchange contact surface for heat transfer between the contact surface A pr and the inner heat exchange surface A wi and in a second step, the heat exchange element is glued or clamped with the contact surface A pr onto the heat exchange contact surface, so that damper and heat exchange element are (effectively) connected to the heat exchanger in just one process step.
- ultrasonic heads are used for applying the solder, which are adapted to the shape of the respective contact surface.
- the soldering temperature can be kept lower, a particularly uniform distribution of the solder can be achieved and/or the automation of the process can be facilitated.
- the soldering temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4 are selected in a range between 130 and 250°C, preferably between approx. 178° and approx. 221°C, with at least the temperatures T1 and T3, preferably at most between 170 and 200°, preferably to about 180°C.
- T2 and T4 can be set higher, but it has proven to be advantageous to set T4 as similar as possible to T3, i.e. to the same temperature, in order to achieve optimum adhesion and heat transfer of the connected parts.
- the illustrated heat exchange element 1 'of the prior art consists of a tube 2' that is held in a hollow profile of an extruded plate element 4'.
- the pipe 2' and the plate element 4' are connected to one another by welded connections 16. Due to the punctiform or linear welding, there is direct heat-conducting material contact between the pipe and the plate element only at the welding points or welding lines, which is disadvantageous for the heat transport.
- extruded profiles for small series are expensive if they can only be used for one pipe dimension.
- FIG. 1 Another heat exchange element 1 "of the prior art, such as from DE 10 2013 209 961 B4 known is in figure 2 shown.
- a tube 2" flattened on one side is connected by means of an adhesive connection 17 via tube contact surfaces 3" and plate contact surfaces 5" to a plate or contact element 4" designed as a simple profile.
- the disadvantage here is that there is an adhesive layer between the contact surfaces 3" and 5" which prevents a metal contact between the tube 2" and the plate or contact element 4" which conducts heat well. Therefore, a heat conducting sheet 27 was provided here in order to improve the heat transfer.
- figure 3 shows a heat exchange element 1.
- the tube axis Z is aligned centrally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange element 1 and the tube is connected to the plate element 4 by solder 18 or any other good conducting solder connection.
- solder 18 or any other good conducting solder connection.
- a significantly improved heat exchange can be ensured by the metallic, large-area solder connection on the plate element contact surface 5, which is adapted here to the tube contact surface 3 by mechanical processing as described in more detail below.
- the material thickness d compared to the plate thickness D of the plate element 4 is reduced approximately in the shape of a segment of a circle.
- the fit in the areas laterally spaced from the plane of symmetry must be somewhat larger than a segment of a circle, e.g. parabolic, in order to absorb the pressure, e.g. by the solder and/or the adhesive between the pipe and the heat exchange element 4 when the heat exchanger is pressed on, which means that at the same time the heat transfer is improved.
- This can be done particularly easily by introducing the fit 33 into a flat plate material, then tailoring it to the desired plate size and, if desired, bending the plate elements at the center line of the fit, in the present example also in the plane of symmetry S of the plate element 4.
- Other geometries, e.g Trough-shaped with a flat bottom for adaptation to pipes etc. that are flattened on one side can thus be realized without further ado.
- a heat exchange element 1 according to the invention shows figure 4 , in which two plate elements 4 are used instead of one plate element, which are attached laterally to the tube 2. Furthermore, in Figure 3 and 4 it can be seen that the two plate elements 4 lie in two planes A, A′ which are angled relative to the plane of symmetry S.
- the planes form one in each case compared to the plane H running horizontally in the figure, which runs parallel to the tube axis Z and at right angles to the plane of symmetry S Angles ⁇ , ⁇ ' and intersect the plane of symmetry S together with the plane H.
- the angular range for ⁇ , ⁇ is preferably between 1 and 15°, particularly preferably between 2 and 10°.
- the plate element 4 is essentially planar on both sides and parallel on both sides and forms a fit 33 towards the pipe, in the present case in the shape of a segment of a circle or a parabola. In a simple variant, an oblique cut on the plate element 4 can also suffice as a fit 33 .
- Figure 5 and Figure 6 show an arrangement of several plate elements 4, which are connected to one another by means of a meandering tube 2.
- the tube runs 2 in figure 5 transverse to the longitudinal direction L of the plate elements 4, while in figure 6 the tube runs parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the plate elements.
- the curved tube sections are advantageously outside the contact surfaces.
- Figure 7a and 7b show two further preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein a dimension x of the plate element parallel to the tube axis in the range or at the plate member contact surface is greater than a dimension y in a region further spaced from the tube 2.
- the dimensions can change as in Figure 7b shown by way of example, also change abruptly when wide and narrow areas of the plate element alternate along the tube axis 2 .
- combinations of shapes of the plate element(s) which change in part continuously and in part abruptly with respect to the width dimensions b can also be used here.
- plate elements specially tailored to one size or flexibly usable for smaller batch sizes or different heat exchangers e.g. geometrically shaped plate elements 4 that can be arranged next to or behind one another, such as in Figure 7B shown are used.
- Figure 8a shows schematically two further possibilities for the embodiment of a heat exchange element according to the invention.
- Longitudinal holes 6 can be seen in an upper area of the drawing in the plate element(s) 4, the orientation of which is perpendicular to the pipe axis 2 in order to influence the heat flow as little as possible.
- By attaching appropriate longitudinal holes it is possible on the one hand without or with only a slight increase in the Total weight of the heat exchange element to provide significantly larger areas, for example in the dimensions of the entire inner heat exchange surface A wi 21 of a heat exchanger 8, for heat exchange.
- the open area 28 of the heat exchanger can be enlarged in this way, for example to provide acoustically damping elements.
- Free surface 28 is understood here to be the inner heat exchange surface A wi of a heat exchanger 8, which is not in direct contact with the contact surface Apr of the plate element or elements. Finally, such measures make it possible to increase the thermal conductivity of the entire cooling/heating surface, here called the front wall 10 of the heat exchanger 8, since there are many but only small or narrow open spaces with short heat conduction paths to the next area connected to a pressing surface 25 .
- this width can advantageously be selected between 400 and 1000 mm with a corresponding perforation while maintaining a comparable transmission value.
- Corresponding flanges can also be provided on the longitudinal holes. Also a combination of acoustic effective holes and corresponding longitudinal holes is possible.
- FIG 9 shows a heat exchanger 8 according to the invention with an inserted heat exchange element 2, which here comprises a tube 2 with a plate element 4 attached thereto.
- an inserted heat exchange element 2 which here comprises a tube 2 with a plate element 4 attached thereto.
- the pressing plane 25 of the plate elements without pressure not even on the heat exchange plane A wi 26 of the heat exchanger 8.
- Pressing means 11 symbolically represented by an arrow, which in Figure 9B shown by way of example as a clamping device 12 engaging in the housing of the heat exchanger 8
- the pressing planes 25 are brought into thermally conductive contact with the heat exchange plane 21 of the heat exchanger 8 . This can be done either directly or in combination with a supporting thin adhesive layer, preferably pre-coated on the contact surface of the plate elements 4 .
- any cavities 24 between the heat exchange plane 21 and the heat exchange element 1, for example under the soldering or adhesive line of plate elements attached to the side of the pipe, can be filled with thermally conductive paste, which can alternatively also be applied to the pressing plane 25 and/or the heat exchange plane.
- the heat exchanger 8 can also contain other heat exchange elements according to the invention or a combination thereof, as they are shown, for example, in the figures and descriptions.
- figure 10 shows the steps of a method for producing a heat exchange element 1.
- a plate element contact surface 5 is coated with solder
- heat Q being supplied to the plate element 4 and, after a soldering temperature T1 has been reached, the solder being evenly and thinly distributed using an ultrasonic head 15 adapted to the contour of the plate element contact surface 5.
- the heat can be supplied by thermal radiation or by direct contact with the heating elements 20 and/or via a worktop 19 that can be heated if necessary.
- the US treatment during this soldering step reduces the surface tension of the molten solder, which enables a particularly even and thin application.
- the tube contact surface 3 can also be coated with solder after heating the tube with the aid of an ultrasonic head 15' adapted to the outer circumference of the tube 2 or the tube contact surface 3.
- the tube contact surface 3 aligned on the plate element contact surface 5 and plate element 4 and tube 2 in the present case brought to a third and fourth soldering temperature T3, T4 by means of heating elements 20.
- the tube 2 and plate element 4 are preferably held and cooled while applying a contact pressure, with which the heat exchange element is completed. It has proven to be advantageous here to set the temperature of the pipe and the plate element as equally as possible.
- Figures 12 and 13 show different versions of a heat exchange element with a solder gap 30 figure 12 the solder gap is formed by spacer steps 31 provided laterally in the fit between tube 2 and plate element 4 .
- the spacing steps 31 can be produced in a simple manner, for example by raising the round milling cutter that produces the fit in the edge regions of the fit.
- the gap formed by spacer cams 32 can be attached, glued, soldered together or advantageously formed from the material of the plate element itself, for example by attaching defined welding humps.
- the latter can be produced by means of spot welding electrodes, which are pressed in the direction of the fit from a side opposite the fit.
- figure 14 shows a heat exchange element in which the tube 2 is connected to the plate element 4 by an adhesive connection 17 and a soldered connection 18 .
- the adhesive connection 17 is located on both edge regions of the plate element 4 opposite the tube 2, or in the end region of the fit, while the soldered connection 18 is located in between.
- other arrangements are also possible, for example a possible additional adhesive point in the middle.
- the provision of the two adhesive connections in the edge area of the fit has the advantage that it can prevent the solder tin from running out, for example when the parts of the heat exchanger are joined together.
- Figure 15 A to D shows various design options for the execution of welded joints of a heat exchange element 1 according to the invention in cross section.
- Figure 1 shows a configuration with tube 2 and one-piece plate element 4, where A shows a connection with a single-row sequence, Figure B shows a connection with a two-row sequence of spot welds.
- Figure 15c shows a plate element 4 in which, in a further upstream mechanical processing step, the material thickness d in the area of the fit 33 was additionally reduced by applying a thinning 34, here in the form of a bead, on the side of the plate element 4 facing away from the tube 2.
- a thinning 34 here in the form of a bead
- slightly thicker plate thicknesses D can also be used or the fit 33 can be made less deep and a material thickness d between 0.1 and 0.5 mm that is particularly suitable for producing a secure welded connection SV can still be set in the area of the fit 33 .
- the welded connection in the fit 33 is applied starting from the side of the plate element 4 facing away from the tube 2 .
- laser or ultrasonic (US) welding devices can be used.
- FIG 11 different variants of a heat exchanger 8 are shown in a plan from the rear. While showing Figure 11A a known conventional heat exchanger, with a heat exchange element consisting of a plate element 4 with a at its Rear mounted tube 2 consists. The heat exchange element rests with the pressure surface on the inner heat exchange surface A wi of the heat exchanger, as a result of which a free surface 28 is formed between the edges of the pressure surface and the outer circumference of the heat exchange surface.
- the distance between any surface element of the heat exchange surface that is not in direct contact with the pressure surface and a boundary line GL defined by the edge of the pressure surface must be as small as possible, or the ratio of the heat exchange surface to the boundary line A wi / GL (here 3.8 cm) should be as small as possible.
- Figure 11B and 11C Configurations for heat exchangers according to the invention are shown, as with plate elements according to the invention in a simpler manner way can be realized.
- Figure 11B 6 Panel elements with a dimension of 2 x 8 cm
- Figure 11C 10 Plate elements with a dimension of 1 x 8 cm used in a rectangular heat exchanger as described above.
- An area ratio A pr / A wi of 0.48 or 0.4 and a ratio A wi / GL of 1.67 or 1.1 cm can thus be achieved. This enables a significantly better heat exchange compared to the prior art.
- FIG 11D Another way to improve the corresponding ratios (A pr / A wi or A wi / GL) is in Figure 11D shown, are used in the wavy designed plate elements in the edge area, with at least partially mutually parallel boundary lines.
- An analog structure is basically also possible with others, for example from Figure 7A and/or 7B known geometries of the plate elements possible.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Wärmeaustauschelement nach Anspruch 1, einen Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 14, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeaustauschelements nach Anspruch 15. Wärmeaustauschelemente können beispielsweise in Wärmetauschern, wie sie zum Kühlen/Heizen von Räumen oder ganzen Gebäuden in der Form von Decken- oder Wandpanelen oder auch direkt in der Decke oder Wand eingesetzt werden, Verwendung finden.
Grundsätzlich sind verschiedene Wärmeaustauschelemente aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, jedoch kommt es bei solchen Wärmeaustauschelementen, auf Grund zumindest teilweiser schlechter thermischer Leitung zwischen Wärmeaustauschelement und der in den Raum gerichteten Kühl-/Wärmefläche des Wärmetauschers zu einem mangelhaften Wärmetausch und somit zu schlechten Übertragungswerten, weshalb bspw. in der
Des Weiteren sind bei bekannten Wärmetauschern für Raumkühlung bzw. Heizung oft zusätzliche akustisch dämpfende Eigenschaften gewünscht, die bspw. durch Lochungen in der Vorderwand, kombiniert mit möglichst grossflächig auf der Rückseite der Vorderwand ausgelegten akustischem Dämmmaterial verbessert werden können. Da die Rückseite gleichzeitig die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche des Wärmetauschers bildet, die beispielsweise mit der Platte eines Wärmeaustauschelements, das mit einem Kühl-/Heizwasser transportierenden Rohr wirkverbunden ist, zusammenwirkt, steht die akustisch nutzbare Fläche mit der zur Kühlung mit dem Wärmeaustauschelement nutzbaren Fläche in Konkurrenz. Weshalb die Kühl-/Heizleistung einerseits und/oder die akustischen Eigenschaften bekannter Wärmetauscher sich gegenseitig beschränken.Furthermore, with known heat exchangers for room cooling or heating, additional acoustically damping properties are often desired, which can be improved, for example, by perforations in the front wall, combined with acoustic damping material laid out over the largest possible area on the back of the front wall. Since the back also forms the inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger, which is operatively connected, for example, to the plate of a heat exchange element that is operatively connected to a pipe transporting cooling/heating water, interacts, the acoustically usable area competes with the area that can be used for cooling with the heat exchange element. Which is why the cooling/heating capacity on the one hand and/or the acoustic properties of known heat exchangers limit one another.
Des Weiteren können bei bekannten Wärmetauschern nur Plattenelemente mit einer verhältnismässig kleinen thermisch wirksamen Oberfläche mit dem das Wasser oder ein anderes Wärmeaustauschfluid transportierenden Rohr verbunden werden, was Installationsaufwand, Kosten und das Gewicht der Wärmetauscher erhöht.Furthermore, with known heat exchangers, only plate elements with a relatively small thermally effective surface area can be connected to the pipe transporting the water or another heat exchange fluid, which increases installation complexity, costs and the weight of the heat exchanger.
Bekannt ist des Weiteren bei Wärmeaustauschelementen spezielle Strangpressprofile als Rohrträger bzw. Plattenelemente einzusetzen. Solche Profile sind jedoch nur für bestimmte Anwendungen ausgelegt und in der Herstellung, insbesondere für kleinere Stückzahlen sehr teuer.It is also known to use special extruded profiles as pipe supports or plate elements in heat exchange elements. However, such profiles are only designed for specific applications and are very expensive to produce, especially for small quantities.
Des Weiteren hat sich bei herkömmlichen Wärmeaustauschelementen gezeigt, dass die Verbindungsverfahren mit Nachteilen behaftet sind. So sind herkömmliche Lotverbindungen mechanisch empfindlich, dies insbesondere bei Schlagbeanspruchung, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Montage vorkommen kann. Demgegenüber zeigen Klebverbindungen eine schlechte Wärmeleitfähigkeit während bei bekannten Schweissverbindungen durch die damit einhergehende grosse thermische Belastung Materialien, insbesondere Materialien mit unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, stark zu Verzug neigen und häufig nachbearbeitet werden müssen.Furthermore, in the case of conventional heat exchange elements, it has been shown that the connection methods have disadvantages. Conventional solder joints are mechanically sensitive, especially when subjected to impact stress, which can occur during assembly, for example. On the other hand, adhesive joints exhibit poor thermal conductivity, while in known welded joints, materials, in particular materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, have a strong tendency to warp due to the associated high thermal stress and often have to be reworked.
So offenbart die japanische Patentanmeldung
In
Ziel der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist es zumindest einen der vorgenannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu verbessern.The aim of the present application is to improve at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
Ein erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement umfasst, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, ein Rohr zur Durchströmung mit einem Wärmeaustauschfluid und zumindest ein thermisch leitfähiges Plattenelement zur Aufnahme von Umgebungswärme und thermischer Weiterleitung der Umgebungswärme an das Rohr oder/und Aufnahme von Heizwärme aus dem Rohr und Abgabe der Heizwärme an die Umgebung.As is known from the prior art, a heat exchange element according to the invention comprises a tube for a heat exchange fluid to flow through and at least one thermally conductive plate element for absorbing ambient heat and thermally transferring the ambient heat to the tube and/or absorbing thermal heat from the tube and releasing it heat to the environment.
Dabei ist das Rohr auf zumindest einem Plattenelement oder zwischen zumindest zwei Plattenelementen einer Plattenelementanordnung angeordnet, wobei zumindest ein Kontaktmittel zur thermischen Kontaktierung vorgesehen ist, das ein Verbindungsmittel oder/und Anpressmittel umfasst.In this case, the tube is arranged on at least one plate element or between at least two plate elements of a plate element arrangement, with at least one contact means being provided for thermal contact, which comprises a connecting means and/or pressing means.
Das Plattenelement ist dabei im Bereich einer Plattenelementkontaktfläche zum thermisch leitenden Kontaktieren an die Rohrkontaktfläche mittels einer Passung, mit einer gegenüber der Plattendicke D des Plattenelements verringerten Materialdicke d, angepasst um die Kontaktflächen zu vergrössern. Dabei kann die Materialdicke d schräg oder rechtwinklig gestuft, stufenförmig oder gleichmässig zur Mitte der Passung hin abnehmend ausgeführt sein.The plate element is adapted in the area of a plate element contact surface for thermally conductive contact to the pipe contact surface by means of a fit, with a material thickness d that is reduced compared to the plate thickness D of the plate element, in order to enlarge the contact surfaces. The material thickness d can be stepped at an angle or at right angles, stepped or evenly decreasing towards the middle of the fit.
Dabei wird ein Rohr über eine bzw. mehrere seitliche Rohrkontaktflächen mit zumindest einem, bzw. bei einer Plattenelementanordnung mit zumindest zwei, oder mehreren Plattenelementen wirkverbunden, die ihrerseits zumindest eine Plattenelementkontaktfläche zum Verbinden mit der Rohrkontaktfläche aufweisen. Unter Wirkverbindung wird hier eine thermisch leitende Anordnung zwischen Rohr bzw. Rohrkontaktfläche und gegenüberliegender Kontaktfläche verstanden die durch physische, leitende Verbindungsmittel (Lot, Kleber, Schweissung) oder Anpressen einer Kontaktfläche auf die andere hergestellt wird.In this case, a pipe is operatively connected via one or more lateral pipe contact surfaces to at least one or, in the case of a plate element arrangement, to at least two or more plate elements, which in turn have at least one plate element contact surface for connecting to the Have pipe contact surface. An active connection is understood here to mean a thermally conductive arrangement between the tube or tube contact surface and the opposite contact surface, which is produced by physical, conductive connection means (solder, adhesive, welding) or by pressing one contact surface onto the other.
Die Verbindungsmittel umfassen eine Schweissverbindung und können dabei auch eine Lötverbindung oder/und eine Klebverbindung umfassen. Zur weiteren oder einfacheren Vergrösserung der Kontaktflächen kann das Rohr zumindest eine im Querschnitt zumindest teilweise ebene Rohrkontaktfläche aufweisen.The connecting means include a welded connection and can also include a soldered connection and/or an adhesive connection. For further or simpler enlargement of the contact surfaces, the pipe can have at least one pipe contact surface that is at least partially flat in cross section.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Wärmeaustauschelement ein oder mehrere Plattenelemente, die mit dem zumindest einem Rohr durch zumindest eine oder mehrere im Wesentlichen parallel Linien von Schweisspunkten miteinander verbunden sind.In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange element comprises one or more plate elements which are connected to the at least one tube by at least one or more substantially parallel lines of weld points.
Das Rohr kann dabei parallel oder bevorzugt quer, insbesondere bevorzugt im Wesentlichen in einem rechten Winkel, zu einer Längsrichtung L des Plattenelements mit diesem wirkverbunden sein. Durch das Ausrichten quer zum Plattenelement werden die durch Schweissen, bzw. auch Löten oder/und Kleben verbundenen Abschnitte kürzer, womit sich keine so grossen thermischen Spannungen in der Verbindung wie bei einem parallelen Aufbau bilden können. Trotzdem werden bei Verbindung von mehreren Plattenelementen durch ein oder mehrere Rohre vorteilhaft Abstandsspalte zwischen den Plattenelementen vorgesehen. Beispielsweise können bei einer Plattenelementbreite B von 20 bis 80 mm Spaltabstände S zwischen 10 bis 40 mm gewählt werden. Dies gilt besonders für Materialien mit unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehungskoeffizienten wie bspw. bei Verwendung von Aluminiumplatten und Kupferrohren.The tube can be operatively connected to a longitudinal direction L of the plate element parallel or preferably transversely, particularly preferably essentially at a right angle. By aligning transversely to the plate element, the sections connected by welding or also soldering and/or gluing become shorter, which means that thermal stresses that are not as great as in a parallel structure cannot form in the connection. Nevertheless, when several plate elements are connected by one or more tubes, spacing gaps are advantageously provided between the plate elements. For example, with a plate element width B of 20 to 80 mm, gap distances S between 10 and 40 mm can be selected. This applies in particular to materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, such as when using aluminum plates and copper pipes.
Dabei kann das Rohr auch mäandrierend mit zumindest einem Plattenelement verbunden sein, wobei die gekrümmten Rohrabschnitte bevorzugt ausserhalb der Kontaktflächen liegen, daher das oder die Plattenelemente seitlich überragen, was eine mechanische Anpassung der Kontaktflächen erleichtert. Somit können Rohr und Plattenelement im Bereich der Passung, insbesondere im Bereich der Kontaktflächen für den Wärmeübergang zwischen Rohr und Plattenelement, gerade ausgeführt sein, was die Herstellungskosten vergünstigt, da u.a. auch die Passung gerade ausgeführt sein kann.The tube can also be connected to at least one plate element in a meandering manner, with the curved tube sections preferably being outside the contact surfaces lie, therefore the one or more plate elements protrude laterally, which facilitates a mechanical adjustment of the contact surfaces. Thus, tube and plate element can be straight in the area of the fit, particularly in the area of the contact surfaces for the heat transfer between tube and plate element, which lowers the manufacturing costs because, among other things, the fit can also be straight.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Wärmeaustauschelements ergibt sich wenn eine Abmessungen X des Plattenelements parallel zur Rohrachse im Bereich der Plattenelementkontaktfläche grösser ist als eine Abmessungen Y in einem vom Rohr weiter beabstandeten Bereich. Dadurch kann beispielsweise eine durch den Rand des Plattenelements definierte Grenzlinie GL vergrössert werden und oder Plattenelemente so ausgeführt werden, dass sie mit ineinander verschränkt, bspw. parallel, beabstandeten Grenzlinien, bspw. auf einer inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi gegenüberliegen, wobei der Abstand einerseits klein genug gewählt ist um eine rasche Wärmeleitung aus der Freifläche zum Plattenelement zu gewährleisten, andererseits gross genug um jeweils gewünschte akustische Dämpfungselemente zwischen den Platten anzubringen. Entsprechende miteinander kombinierbare Formen und bevorzugt Flächenverhältnisse, bzw. Flächen zu Grenzlinienverhältnisse werden unten an Hand der entsprechenden
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Wärmeaustauschelements kann das Plattenelement im Bereich der Anpressebene senkrecht zur Rohrachse ausgerichtete Längslöcher aufweisen. Dadurch kann das Gewicht des Plattenelements deutlich herabgesetzt werden, ohne dabei den Wärmefluss in Richtung des Rohrs zu unterbrechen. Damit ist es auch möglich die thermisch wirksame(n) Oberfläche(n) des mit einem Rohr wirkverbundenen Plattenelements, bspw. die Anpressfläche oder deren Rückseite, wesentlich zu vergrössern, womit einerseits aus der leichteren Bauweise des Plattenelements, andererseits aus dem geringeren Rohrleitungsbedarf eine deutliche Gewichtsersparnis resultiert. Bei üblichen Plattenelementen des Standes der Technik können bei üblichen Rohrdurchmessern von 5 bis 20 mm, bevorzugt 8 bis 15 mm bei einem zentralen, längs auf dem Plattenelement montierten Rohr Breiten b zwischen 80 bis 135 mm realisiert werden. Bei entsprechenden mit Längslöchern versehenen Plattenelementen sind Breiten b von 80 bis 1000 mm möglich. Eine entsprechende um einen Faktor 3 bis ca. 12 grössere Fläche pro Rohreinheit kann damit verwirklicht werden. Des Weiteren stehen, bspw. für einen Einsatz in einem Wärmetauscher, auch die durch die Längslöcher gebildeten Freiflächen des Wärmetauschers bei entsprechender Dimensionierung der Längslöcher für akustische Dämpfungsmassnahmen, wie oben beschrieben zur Verfügung. So können bspw. die Löcher der Vorderwand des Wärmetauschers zumindest teilweise mit den Löchern bzw. Längslöchern des Plattenelements überlappen, im Bereich der gebildeten Freiflächen Bördelungen der Vorderwandlöcher und/oder entsprechendes flächiges Dämmmaterial (Vliese, Gitter, etc.) vorgesehen sein. Letzteres kann auch einfachheitshalber, bspw. analog zu Wärmetauschern mit direkt auf der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche aufgebrachten Rohren, über die gesamte Fläche zwischen den Rohren, also Plattenelement und Freifläche überdeckend, angeordnet sein.In a further embodiment of the heat exchange element, the plate element can have longitudinal holes aligned perpendicularly to the tube axis in the region of the pressing plane. As a result, the weight of the plate element can be significantly reduced without interrupting the flow of heat in the direction of the tube. This also makes it possible to significantly enlarge the thermally effective surface(s) of the plate element that is operatively connected to a pipe, e.g. the pressing surface or its rear side, which results in a significant Weight saving results. With conventional plate elements of the prior art, with conventional pipe diameters of 5 to 20 mm, preferably 8 to 15 mm, widths b of between 80 and 135 mm can be realized with a central pipe mounted longitudinally on the plate element. Widths b of 80 to 1000 mm are possible with appropriate panel elements provided with longitudinal holes. A corresponding surface area per tube unit that is 3 to about 12 times larger can thus be realized. Furthermore, for use in a heat exchanger, for example, the open areas of the heat exchanger formed by the longitudinal holes are also available for acoustic damping measures, as described above, with appropriate dimensioning of the longitudinal holes. For example, the holes in the front wall of the heat exchanger can at least partially overlap with the holes or longitudinal holes in the plate element, in the area of the free areas formed, flanges can be placed on the front wall holes and/or corresponding flat insulating material (fleece, grid, etc.) may be provided. For the sake of simplicity, the latter can also be arranged over the entire area between the tubes, ie covering the plate element and open area, for example analogously to heat exchangers with tubes attached directly to the inner heat exchange surface.
Um dem Plattenelement auch akustisch dämpfende Eigenschaften zu verleihen, kann dieses in jeder Ausführungsform auch eine grössere Anzahl in eine rückwärtige, also der Anpressfläche entgegengesetzten Richtung gebördelte Rundlöcher aufweisen. Diese können zumindest in bestimmten Flächenbereichen zusätzlich zu den Längslöchern vorgesehen sein, wobei Letztere ebenfalls gebördelt ausgeführt sein können. In einfacher Weise kann dabei die Bördelung durch ein an den Schneidkanten verrundetes Stanzwerkzeug zum Herstellen der Löcher erfolgen.In order to also give the panel element acoustically damping properties, in each embodiment it can also have a larger number of round holes flanged in a rearward direction, that is to say in the opposite direction to the pressing surface. These can be provided at least in certain surface areas in addition to the longitudinal holes, with the latter also being able to be flanged. In a simple manner, the flanging can be done by a punching tool that is rounded at the cutting edges to produce the holes.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Wärmeaustauschelements erstreckt sich die dem Rohr abgewandte Seite des Plattenelements, bzw. die dem Rohr abgewandten Seiten der zumindest zwei Plattenelemente der Plattenelementanordnung, sich zu beiden Seiten einer Symmetrieebene S des Wärmeaustauschelements in jeweils einer unterschiedlichen Ebene A, A', wobei sich die Ebenen A, A' in der Symmetrieebene S, entlang einer Schnittlinie zwischen Symmetrieebene S und einer parallel zu einer Rohrachse 2 und senkrecht zur Symmetrieebene S verlaufenden vierten Ebene H, schneiden. Dabei bilden die Ebenen A, A' zur Ebene H jeweils einen spitzen Winkel α, α', so dass das Wärmeaustauschelement (1) mit den Ebenen A, A' federnd an eine zur vierten Ebene H parallelen Wärmeaustauschfläche 21 anpressbar ist. Unter Symmetrieebene S wir hier und im Folgenden eine Ebene S verstanden, die das Wärmeaustauschelement symmetrisch teilt und dabei auf die Wärmeaustauschfläche senkrecht steht.In a further embodiment of the heat exchange element, the side of the plate element facing away from the tube, or the sides of the at least two plate elements of the plate element arrangement facing away from the tube, extend on both sides of a plane of symmetry S of the heat exchange element in a different plane A, A′, respectively the planes A, A' intersect in the plane of symmetry S along a line of intersection between the plane of symmetry S and a fourth plane H running parallel to a
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante sind dabei die Winkel α, α' dem Betrag nach gleich und/oder öffnen sich in einer bezüglich der Symmetrieebene S entgegengesetzten Richtungen, dabei auf dieselbe, zum Rohr entgegengesetzt gelegenen Seite der Ebene H. Dem Betrag nach wird der Winkel bevorzugt von 1 bis 15°, insbesondere bevorzugt von 2 bis 10° eingestellt.In a preferred embodiment, the angles α, α′ are equal in magnitude and/or open in opposite directions with respect to the plane of symmetry S, thereby on the same side of the plane H opposite the tube. The angle is preferred in terms of magnitude from 1 to 15°, particularly preferably from 2 to 10°.
Die Anpressmittel können grundsätzlich auf der zum Rohr gewandten Seite des oder der Plattenelemente so befestigt sein, oder mit einem das Wärmeaustauschelement umfassenden Wärmetauscher oder einem an oder in einer Gebäudeoberfläche montiertem Gebäudeelement so zusammenwirken, dass der Wärmeübergang zwischen Rohr und Plattenelement und/oder zwischen Plattenelement und einer inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche des Wärmetauschers verbessert wird. Im Falle einer wie oben beschriebenen gewinkelten Rohr zu Plattenelementanordnung wird das Wärmetauschelement durch die Anpressmittel vorteilhafterweise so gegen die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche des Wärmetauschers angepresst, dass die Winkel α, α' im Wesentlichen gleich 0° sind und somit die gesamte Anpressfläche für den Wärmeaustausch zur Verfügung steht.The pressing means can in principle be fastened on the side of the plate element or elements facing the pipe, or interact with a heat exchanger comprising the heat exchange element or with a building element mounted on or in a building surface in such a way that the heat transfer between pipe and plate element and/or between plate element and an inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger is improved. In the case of an angled pipe to plate element arrangement as described above, the heat exchange element is advantageously pressed against the inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger by the pressing means in such a way that the angles α, α' are essentially equal to 0° and the entire pressing surface is therefore available for heat exchange .
Für ein erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement werden Plattenelemente mit einer Plattendicke D von 0.5 bis 3.0 mm, bzw. für Schweissverbindungen bis 10 mm, dabei bevorzugt mit einer Dicke von 1 bis 2 mm eingesetzt, die sich für den Bau von sehr flachen und leichten Wärmetauschern eignen. Dementsprechend werden auch sehr flache Passungen mit einer Tiefe von 0.3 bis 1.5 mm, bzw. für Schweissverbindungen bis 6 mm, dabei bevorzugt von 0.6 bis 1 mm verwendet, um die Stabilität der Plattenelemente nicht zu stark herabzusetzen. Bevorzugt werden dabei Passungen die im Randbereich oder im gesamten Querschnitt kreissegmentförmig sind.Plate elements with a plate thickness D of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, or for welded joints up to 10 mm, are used for a heat exchange element according to the invention preferably used with a thickness of 1 to 2 mm, which are suitable for the construction of very flat and light heat exchangers. Accordingly, very shallow fits with a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, or for welded joints up to 6 mm, preferably 0.6 to 1 mm, are used in order not to reduce the stability of the plate elements too much. Preference is given to fits that are in the form of segments of a circle in the edge area or in the entire cross section.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann dabei die Passung eine ebene Fläche umfassen oder aus einer ebenen Fläche bestehen.Alternatively or additionally, the fit can include a flat surface or consist of a flat surface.
Die mittlere Rauheit der Kontaktflächen wird auf einen Ra-Bereich von 0.05 bis 2.0 pm, bevorzugt von 0.1 bis 1 µm eingestellt. Letzteres ist beispielsweise auch für eine Plattenelement/Rohranordnung mit schräg geschnittenen Platten vorteilhaft, da dann ein Verbinden bspw. in einem mittleren Bereich der Plattendicke möglich ist und bspw. flüssiger Kleber oder Lötzinn die Gesamtkontaktfläche durch kapillares Anhaften im Spaltbereich beidseitig der Rohrkontaktlinie auf der schräg angeschnittenen Seitenfläche des Plattenelements vergrössert. Des Weiteren wird durch eine bezüglich der Plattendicke mittige Verbindung auch die Zu-/Ableitung der Wärme zum oder vom Plattenelement erleichtert.The average roughness of the contact surfaces is adjusted to an Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm. The latter is also advantageous, for example, for a plate element/pipe arrangement with plates cut at an angle, since a connection is then possible, e.g Lateral surface of the plate element enlarged. Furthermore, the supply/dissipation of the heat to or from the plate element is also facilitated by a central connection with respect to the plate thickness.
Das Wärmeaustauschelement kann auch einen Lotspalt aufweisen. Dieser kann vorteilhaft mit einer Tiefe zwischen 0.05 bis 0.3 mm eingestellt werden. Wird der Lotspalt dabei durch zwei im Randbereich der Passung vorgesehene Abstandsstufen und dem darauf liegenden Rohr gebildet, kann dieser besonders schmal, bspw. zwischen 0.05 und 0.2 mm, ausgestaltet sein, ohne dass flüssiges Lötzinn beim Aufsetzen des Rohrs auf die Platte seitlich austritt. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn zusätzlich auf den Abstandsstufen eine Klebverbindung vorgesehen ist. Die Breite der Abstandstufe kann dabei zwischen 2 und 5 mm eingestellt werden. Wird eine unterbrochene Abstandsstufe oder Abstandsnoppen verwendet ist ein etwas grösserer Abstand von 0.1 bis 0.3 mm günstiger.The heat exchange element can also have a solder gap. This can advantageously be set to a depth of between 0.05 and 0.3 mm. If the solder gap by two in Edge region of the fit provided spacer steps and the tube lying on top formed, this can be particularly narrow, for example. Between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, configured without liquid solder leaking when placing the tube on the plate laterally. This applies in particular if an adhesive connection is additionally provided on the spacer steps. The width of the space step can be set between 2 and 5 mm. If an interrupted spacer step or spacer nubs is used, a slightly larger distance of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is better.
Bevorzugt wird das Plattenelements aus einem Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium auf Grund seiner guten Wärmeleiteigenschaft und geringem Gewicht hergestellt. Bevorzugtes Material für das Rohr ist Kupfer, jedoch kann hier auch eine anderes Metall, beispielsweise ebenfalls Aluminium verwendet werden.The plate element is preferably made of a light metal, in particular aluminum, due to its good thermal conductivity and low weight. The preferred material for the tube is copper, but another metal, for example aluminum, can also be used here.
Das Rohr ist im Bereich der Passung mit dem Plattenelement durch eine Schweissverbindung SV verbunden. Die Schweissverbindung SV umfasst dabei vorteilhaft zumindest eine parallel zur Rohrachse angeordnete Abfolge von Punktschweissungen, wodurch im Vergleich zu durchgehenden Schweissnähten ein geringerer Verzug erreicht werden konnte.In the area of the fit, the tube is connected to the plate element by a welded connection SV. The welded connection SV advantageously comprises at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the pipe axis, as a result of which less distortion could be achieved in comparison to continuous weld seams.
Die Schweissverbindung SV, insbesondere die Schweisspunkte können dabei von der dem Rohr abgewandten Seite des Plattenelements aus angebracht werden. Ebenfalls auf der dem Rohr abgewandten Seite der Passung kann eine Ausdünnung des Plattenmaterials bspw. in der Form einer oder mehrerer Sicken oder Vertiefungen parallel zur Passung angeordnet sein.The welded connection SV, in particular the welding points, can be attached from the side of the plate element facing away from the pipe. A thinning can also occur on the side of the fit facing away from the pipe of the plate material, for example in the form of one or more beads or indentations, can be arranged parallel to the fit.
Die Materialdicke d kann im Bereich der Passung, insbesondere im Bereich einer Schweissverbindung zwischen 0.1 und 0.5 mm eingestellt sein, was den Schweissvorgang erleichtert.The material thickness d can be set between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the area of the fit, in particular in the area of a welded joint, which facilitates the welding process.
Ganz allgemein werden für geschweisste Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 mit einer von unten (also von der dem Rohr abgewandten Seite des Plattenelements) ausgeführten Schweissung Plattendicken D zwischen 0.5 und 10 mm gewählt.Very generally, plate thicknesses D between 0.5 and 10 mm are selected for welded
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Wärmetauscher mit zumindest einem wie oben beschriebenen Wärmeaustauschelement, mit einer Vorderwand, die eine innere Wärmeaustauschfläche und eine gegenüberliegende äussere Wärmeaustauschfläche umfasst, wobei die Anpressfläche Apr des Wärmeaustauschelement kleiner ist als die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi und das Verhältnis Apr / Awi in einem Bereich von 0.3 bis 0.7, bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 0.4 und 0.6 liegt.Another object of the present invention is a heat exchanger with at least one heat exchange element as described above, with a front wall comprising an inner heat exchange surface and an opposite outer heat exchange surface, the contact surface A pr of the heat exchange element being smaller than the inner heat exchange surface A wi and the ratio A pr / A wi is in a range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in a range from 0.4 and 0.6.
Der Bereich der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi der nicht im Kontakt mit der Anpressfläche Apr ist, wird auch Freifläche genannt und steht bspw. für akustische Dämpfungsmassnahmen zur Verfügung.The area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi that is not in contact with the contact surface A pr is also called the free surface and is available, for example, for acoustic damping measures.
Bevorzugt wird dabei das Verhältnis zwischen der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi und der Grenzlinie GL des zumindest einen Wärmeaustauschelements zwischen 0.5 und 3 cm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0.9 und 1.8 cm eingestellt.The ratio between the inner heat exchange surface A wi and the boundary line GL of the at least one heat exchange element is preferably set to between 0.5 and 3 cm, particularly preferably between 0.9 and 1.8 cm.
Des Weiteren kann auf einem Teilbereich der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi zwischen dem(n) Rohr(en) oder/und den Plattenelementen, insbesondere auf einer Freifläche ein akustischer Dämpfer angeordnet sein. Als Freifläche wird hier die Fläche der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi verstanden, die nicht mit einer Anpressfläche eines Plattenelements in Kontakt ist. Der akustische Dämpfer kann dabei eine oder mehrere Matten aus Vliesmaterial und/oder eine Loch- oder Gitterplatte umfassen. Ein solcher Dämpfer kann auch in einem bezüglich des Wärmeaustauschelements hinteren Bereichs zusätzlich angeordnet sein.Furthermore, an acoustic damper can be arranged on a partial area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi between the pipe(s) and/or the plate elements, in particular on an open area. The open area is understood here as the area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi that is not in contact with a pressing surface of a plate element. The acoustic damper can include one or more mats made of fleece material and/or a perforated or grid plate. Such a damper can also be additionally arranged in a rear region with respect to the heat exchange element.
Ein erfindungsgemässer Wärmetauscher umfasst dabei zumindest ein wie oben beschriebenes Wärmeaustauschelement und eine wie oben beschriebene Vorderwand, sowie bevorzugt ein Gehäuse, das zusätzlich zur Vorderwand noch eine Seitenwand umfasst. Zum Anpressen des Wärmeaustauschelements an die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche können dabei Kontaktmittel, die Verbindungsmittel oder/und Anpressmittel umfassen, vorgesehen.A heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least one heat exchange element as described above and a front wall as described above, and preferably a housing which also comprises a side wall in addition to the front wall. Contact means, which include connecting means and/or pressing means, can be provided for pressing the heat exchange element against the inner heat exchange surface.
Die Anpressmittel können dabei eine Rückwand und/oder eine mit der Seitenwand, dabei insbesondere mit dem hinteren Bereich der Seitenwand zusammenwirkende Klemmvorrichtung, beispielsweise in der Arte eines Bajonettverschlusses umfassen.The pressing means can include a rear wall and/or a clamping device that interacts with the side wall, in particular with the rear region of the side wall, for example in the manner of a bayonet lock.
In einem bezüglich des Wärmeaustauschelements hinteren Bereich kann zusätzlich thermisches Isolationsmaterial angeordnet werden, um den Wärmetauscher bei Bedarf bspw. thermisch von der Gebäudemasse zu isolieren.Thermal insulation material can also be arranged in a rear area with respect to the heat exchange element, in order to thermally insulate the heat exchanger from the building mass, for example, if required.
Die Vorderwand des Wärmetauschers kann bevorzugt eine Aluminiumplatte, insbesondere bevorzugt eine auf der Vorderseite, daher auf der äusseren Wärmeaustauschfläche vorbehandelte Aluminiumplatte umfassen. Beispielsweise kann durch die Vorbehandlung die Oberfläche so konditioniert werden, dass sie streich- bzw. verputzbar ist.The front wall of the heat exchanger can preferably comprise an aluminum plate, particularly preferably an aluminum plate which has been pretreated on the front side, hence on the outer heat exchange surface. For example, the surface can be conditioned by the pre-treatment in such a way that it can be painted or plastered.
Rohr und Platte des Wärmeaustauschers können dabei grundsätzlich durch verschiedene Verbundverfahren, wie Schweissen, beispielsweise Punkt- oder Linienschweissen, durch Kleben, beispielsweise mittels UV-aushärtendem Kleber oder mittels thermisch reaktivem Kleber, welcher auf zumindest eine Kontaktfläche (bspw. mit Schutzfolie) aufgebracht wird und durch Wärmezufuhr schmilzt, miteinander verbunden werden. Als besonders geeignet hat sich aber das im Folgenden beschriebene Lötverfahren herausgestellt, wobei die dort näher beschriebene mechanische (Vor)Bearbeitung der Rohrkontaktfläche auch bezüglich eines Verbundes mit anderen Verbundverfahren, insbesondere den oben Erwähnten, vorteilhaft ist.In principle, the tube and plate of the heat exchanger can be connected using various bonding methods, such as welding, for example spot or line welding, by gluing, for example using UV-curing adhesive or using thermally reactive adhesive, which is applied to at least one contact surface (e.g. with protective film) and melted by the supply of heat, can be connected to one another. However, the soldering method described below has proven to be particularly suitable, with the mechanical (pre)processing of the tube contact surface described in more detail there also being advantageous with regard to a bond with other bonding methods, in particular those mentioned above.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeaustauschelements, mit zumindest einem Rohr zur Durchströmung mit einem Wärmeaustauschfluid und zumindest einem thermisch leitfähigen Plattenelement zur Aufnahme von Umgebungswärme und thermischer Weiterleitung der Umgebungswärme an das Rohr oder/und Aufnahme von Heizwärme aus dem Rohr und Abgabe der Heizwärme an die Umgebung, kann folgende Schritte umfassen:
- Erwärmen des Plattenelements auf eine erste Löttemperatur T1 und Aufbringen von Lötzinn mittels Ultraschall auf einer Plattenelementkontaktfläche;
- Erwärmen des Rohrs auf eine zweite Löttemperatur T2 und Aufbringen von Lötzinn mittels Ultraschall auf einer Rohrkontaktfläche;
- Ausrichten der Rohrkontaktfläche an bzw. auf der Plattenelementkontaktfläche und Erwärmen des Plattenelements und des Rohrs auf eine dritte Löttemperatur T3 der Plattenelementkontaktfläche bzw. eine vierte Löttemperatur T4 des Rohrs, wobei Plattenelement und Rohr gegen einander, vorzugsweise unter Ausübung eines Anpressdrucks, gehalten und anschliessend fortwährend gehalten durch Abkühlen miteinander verbunden werden. Lötzinn steht hier und im Folgenden synonym für unterschiedliche, bevorzugt zinnhaltige Lotlegierung.
- heating the plate member to a first soldering temperature T1 and ultrasonically depositing solder on a plate member contact surface;
- heating the tube to a second soldering temperature T2 and ultrasonically applying solder to a tube contact surface;
- Alignment of the tube contact surface on or on the plate element contact surface and heating of the plate element and the tube to a third soldering temperature T3 of the plate element contact surface or a fourth soldering temperature T4 of the tube, with the plate element and tube being held against one another, preferably by applying contact pressure, and then being held continuously bonded together by cooling. Here and in the following, soldering tin is synonymous with different soldering alloys that preferably contain tin.
Bevorzugt werden dabei die Plattenelementkontaktflächen in einem vorgelagerten Verfahren durch mechanische Bearbeitung des Plattenelements an die Kontur der Rohrkontaktfläche angepasst um die Kontaktfläche zu vergrössern. Besonders geeignet insbesondere für Kleinserien sind dabei mechanische Bearbeitungsschritte, die Fräsen, Schleifen, Sägen oder Prägen umfassen.The plate element contact surfaces are preferably adapted to the contour of the pipe contact surface in a preceding process by mechanical processing of the plate element in order to enlarge the contact surface. Mechanical processing steps that include milling, grinding, sawing or embossing are particularly suitable, especially for small series.
So kann, beispielsweise für Wärmetauscher bzw. Wärmeaustauschelemente übliche Rohraussendurchmesser von 12 mm, in bevorzugter Weise durch Fräsen einer kanalförmigen, zumindest im Randbereich kreissegmentförmigen Passung mit einer Tiefe von 0.3 bis 1.5 mm, dabei bevorzugt von 0.6 bis ca. 1 mm auf einer einfach geformten, dünnen Platte hergestellt werden, um damit eine grössere Platenkontaktfläche zur Befestigung eines zylindrischen oder eines abgeflachten Rohrs herzustellen. Die Plattendicke beträgt dabei 0.5 bis 3 mm, dabei bevorzugt ca. 1 bis 2 mm. Die Vertiefung des Kanals hat dabei eine Sehnenlänge von ca. 5 mm um Rohre mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 5 bis 20 mm zu befestigen. Die Segmenttiefe des Kanals kann also vorteilhaft in einem Bereich zwischen 2 bis 12%, dabei bevorzugt in einem Bereich zwischen 5 und 8% des Rohraussendurchmessers eingestellt werden.Thus, for example, for heat exchangers or heat exchange elements, the usual external tube diameter of 12 mm can be preferably obtained by milling a channel-shaped, at least in the edge area, a fit in the shape of a segment of a circle with a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.6 to approx. 1 mm, can be produced on a simply shaped, thin plate in order to produce a larger plate contact surface for fastening a cylindrical or a flattened tube. The plate thickness is 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm. The deepening of the channel has a chord length of about 5 mm in order to attach pipes with a diameter of about 5 to 20 mm. The segment depth of the channel can thus advantageously be set in a range between 2 and 12%, preferably in a range between 5 and 8% of the outside diameter of the pipe.
Alternativ kann auch eine entsprechende Platte durch eine entsprechend tiefere Rundfräsung in zwei Hälften geteilt und diese anschliessend mit zwei bezüglich der Symmetrieebene 2 gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Rohrs verbunden sein. Dadurch können auch beidseitig ebene Platten in zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen A, A', wie oben beschrieben, am Rohr befestigt sein. Alternativ können die Platten stattdessen schräg geschnitten sein. Jedenfalls sollte die mittlere Rauheit der Fräs- oder Schnittfläche auf einen wie oben angegebenen Ra-Bereich eingestellt werden um eine bezüglich der Plattendicke mittige Verbindung mit grossflächiger Lotverbindung zu ermöglichen.Alternatively, a corresponding plate can also be divided into two halves by a correspondingly deeper circular milling and these can then be connected to two opposite sides of the tube with respect to the plane of
Werden vor dem Verbinden im Randbereich der Passung Abstandsstufen oder Abstandsnoppen angebracht, ist die Einstellung der Rauigkeit im Lotspalt weniger kritisch.If spacer steps or spacer nubs are applied in the edge area of the fit before joining, the adjustment of the roughness in the solder gap is less critical.
Zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschelements mit einem Winkel α, α' können solche Plattenelemente seitlich entsprechend an das Rohr angesetzt werden, wohingegen einstückige Plattenelemente mit aufgesetztem Rohr bei Bedarf symmetrisch zur Passung vorgebogen werden.To produce a heat exchange element with an angle α, α′, such plate elements can be attached to the side of the pipe, whereas one-piece plate elements with an attached pipe can be symmetrically pre-bent to fit if necessary.
Des Weiteren kann dabei das Rohr an zumindest einer im Querschnitt zumindest teilweise ebenen Rohrkontaktfläche mit dem oder den Plattenelementen verbunden sein.Furthermore, the pipe can be connected to the plate element or elements on at least one pipe contact surface that is at least partially flat in cross section.
Die oben genannten mechanischen Verfahren ermöglichen durch die Verwendung eines geometrisch einfachen und dünnen Plattenmaterials eine besonders günstige und flexible Fertigung von leichten auch grossflächig ausgeführten Wärmetauschelementen, die prinzipiell auch mit anderen Verfahren, bspw. durch Kleben oder Schweissen verbunden werden können.By using a geometrically simple and thin plate material, the mechanical methods mentioned above enable a particularly favorable and flexible production of light heat exchange elements, including those with a large surface area, which in principle can also be connected using other methods, for example by gluing or welding.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeaustauschelements, insbesondere eines wie oben beschriebenen verschweissten Wärmeaustauschelements welches folgende Schritte umfasst:
- mechanische Bearbeitung des Plattenelements um dieses mittels einer in die Oberfläche eingebrachte Passung an die Kontur der Rohrkontaktfläche anzupassen und die Kontaktflächen zu vergrössern, wobei die Platten1dicke D des Plattenelements im Bereich der Passung auf eine Materialdicke d verringert wird;
- Ausrichten der Rohrkontaktfläche an der Plattenelementkontaktfläche im Bereich der Passung;
- Fixieren des Plattenelements und des Rohrs gegen einander, wobei vorzugsweise ein Anpressdruck ausgeübt wird;
- Anbringen zumindest einer parallel zur Rohrachse angeordnete Abfolge von Punktschweissungen zur Verbindung des Rohrs mit dem Plattenelement.
- mechanical processing of the plate element in order to adapt it to the contour of the tube contact surface by means of a fit introduced into the surface and to enlarge the contact surfaces, the plate thickness D of the plate element being reduced to a material thickness d in the region of the fit;
- aligning the tube contact surface with the plate member contact surface in the area of the fit;
- Fixing the plate element and the tube against each other, preferably with a contact pressure being exerted;
- Application of at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the pipe axis to connect the pipe to the plate element.
Zusätzlich kann in einem weiteren vorgelagerten mechanischen Bearbeitungsschritt die Materialdicke d im Bereich der Passung durch Anbringen einer Ausdünnung auf der dem Rohr abgewandten Seite des Plattenelements, weiter verringert werden.In addition, in a further upstream mechanical processing step, the material thickness d in the area of the fit can be further reduced by applying a thinning on the side of the plate element facing away from the tube.
Ganz allgemein wird die Schweissverbindung vorteilhaft in einem Bereich der Passung angebracht in dem die Materialdicke d zwischen 0.1 bis 0.5 mm beträgt, insbesondere durch ein- oder beidseitige vorhergehende mechanische Bearbeitung eingestellt wurde, was auch für zweiteilige seitlich angesetzte Plattenelemente gilt.In general, the welded connection is advantageously applied in an area of the fit in which the material thickness d is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular by previous mechanical processing on one or both sides, which also applies to two-part plate elements attached at the side.
Dabei kann die Schweissverbindung von der dem Rohr abgewandten, "unteren" Seite des Plattenelements aus angebracht werden, beispielsweise durch Laser- oder US-schweissen. Im letzteren Fall kann zusätzlich zur unteren Sonotrode eine von oben auf das Rohr wirkende Sonotrode verwendet werden.In this case, the welded connection can be made from the "lower" side of the plate element facing away from the pipe, for example by laser or ultrasonic welding. In the latter case, a sonotrode acting on the tube from above can be used in addition to the lower sonotrode.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers, bevorzugt eines erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers mit einem erfindungsgemäss hergestellten Wärmeaustauschelement wobei ein bevorzugt mit Kleber vorbeschichtetes Wärmeaustauschelement auf die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche aufgeklebt oder/und aufgeklemmt wird. Dabei kann das Plattenelement des Wärmeaustauschelements in einem vorhergehenden Verfahrensschritt zunächst mit einem Kleber vorbeschichtet, mit einer Schutzfolie versehen und anschliessend mit einem Rohr verlötet werden, bevor es mit der Vorderwand des Wärmetauschers verklebt wird.Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a heat exchanger, preferably a heat exchanger according to the invention with a heat exchange element produced according to the invention, a heat exchange element preferably precoated with adhesive being glued and/or to the inner heat exchange surface is clamped. In this case, the plate element of the heat exchange element can first be precoated with an adhesive in a preceding method step, provided with a protective film and then soldered to a tube before it is glued to the front wall of the heat exchanger.
Des Weiteren kann in einem dem Kleben bzw. Klemmen direkt vorgeschalteten Schritt ein akustischer Dämpfer auf eine Freifläche der inneren Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi aufgelegt werden, wobei der Dämpfer zumindest abschnittsweise mit Randbereichen einer Wärmeaustauschkontaktfläche, zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen Anpressfläche Apr und innerer Wärmeaustauschfläche Awi, überlappt und in einem zweiten Schritt das Wärmeaustauschelement mit den Anpressfläche Apr auf die Wärmeaustauschkontaktfläche aufgeklebt oder geklemmt wird, so dass Dämpfer und Wärmeaustauschelement mit dem Wärmetauscher in nur einem Verfahrensschritt (wirk)verbunden werden.Furthermore, in a step immediately preceding the gluing or clamping, an acoustic damper can be placed on an open area of the inner heat exchange surface A wi , the damper overlapping at least in sections with edge regions of a heat exchange contact surface for heat transfer between the contact surface A pr and the inner heat exchange surface A wi and in a second step, the heat exchange element is glued or clamped with the contact surface A pr onto the heat exchange contact surface, so that damper and heat exchange element are (effectively) connected to the heat exchanger in just one process step.
Bezüglich des Lötverfahrens werden für das Aufbringen des Lötzinns dabei vorteilhafterweise Ultraschallköpfe verwendet die an die Form der jeweiligen Kontaktfläche angepasst sind. Damit kann die Löttemperatur tiefer gehalten, eine besonders gleichmässige Verteilung des Lötzinns bewirkt und/ oder die Automatisierung des Verfahrens erleichtert werden.With regard to the soldering process, advantageously ultrasonic heads are used for applying the solder, which are adapted to the shape of the respective contact surface. In this way, the soldering temperature can be kept lower, a particularly uniform distribution of the solder can be achieved and/or the automation of the process can be facilitated.
Die Löttemperaturen T1, T2, T3, T4 werden dabei in einem Bereich zwischen 130 und 250°C, dabei bevorzugt zwischen ca. 178° und ca. 221°C gewählt, wobei zumindest die Temperaturen T1 und T3, bevorzugt höchstens zwischen 170 und 200°, dabei bevorzugt auf ca. 180°C eingestellt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich beispielsweise mit Kleber und vorteilhafterweise mit einer Schutzfolie vorbeschichtete Plattenelemente zu verlöten, die sich besonders einfach, bspw. vor Ort auf die innere Wärmeaustauschfläche eines Wärmetauschers aufkleben lassen. T2 und T4 können dabei zwar prinzipiell höher eingestellt werden, jedoch hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen T4 möglichst analog zu T3, also auf gleiche Temperatur einzustellen um eine optimale Haftung und Wärmeübergang der verbundenen Teile zu erreichen.The soldering temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4 are selected in a range between 130 and 250°C, preferably between approx. 178° and approx. 221°C, with at least the temperatures T1 and T3, preferably at most between 170 and 200°, preferably to about 180°C. This makes it possible, for example, to solder plate elements that are pre-coated with adhesive and advantageously with a protective film, which can be glued particularly easily, for example on site, to the inner heat exchange surface of a heat exchanger. In principle, T2 and T4 can be set higher, but it has proven to be advantageous to set T4 as similar as possible to T3, i.e. to the same temperature, in order to achieve optimum adhesion and heat transfer of the connected parts.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren und Beispielen näher erläutert. Hier sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Darstellung der Figuren rein schematisch ist und zwecks besserer Darstellung der erfindungswesentlichen Details weder massstabs- noch proportionsgerecht erfolgt. Beispiele für bevorzugte Bemassungen bzw. Dimensionierungen finden sich in der allgemeinen Beschreibung oben sowie in der Figurenbeschreibung, bzw. Ansprüche wie folgt. Gleiche Bezugszeichen in unterschiedlichen Zeichnungen bezeichnen denselben Gegenstand, bzw. dieselbe Funktion des Gegenstandes.The invention is explained in more detail below using figures and examples. It should be pointed out here that the representation of the figures is purely schematic and, for the purpose of better representation of the details essential to the invention, is not true to scale or proportion. Examples of preferred measurements or dimensioning can be found in the general description above and in the description of the figures or claims as follows. The same reference symbols in different drawings designate the same object or the same function of the object.
Dabei zeigen die Figuren Folgendes:
- Figur 1:
- Ein Wärmeaustauschelement des Standes der Technik
- Figur 2:
- Ein weiteres Wärmeaustauschelement des Standes der Technik
- Figur 3:
- Ein Wärmeaustauschelement
- Figur 4:
- Ein erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement
Figur 5 und Figur 6:- Mehrteiliger Wärmeaustauschelementverbund
Figur 7 und Figur 8:- Weitere Ausführungsformen des Wärmeaustauschelements
- Figur 9:
- Wärmetauscher
- Figur 10:
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeaustauschelements
- Figur 11:
- Wärmetauscher
- Figur 12:
- Verbindung mit Abstandsstufen
- Figur 13:
- Verbindung mit Abstandsnoppen
- Figur 14:
- Klebe-/Lötverbindung
- Figur 15:
- Schweissverbindungen
- Figure 1:
- A prior art heat exchange element
- Figure 2:
- Another prior art heat exchange element
- Figure 3:
- A heat exchange element
- Figure 4:
- A heat exchange element according to the invention
- Figure 5 and Figure 6:
- Multi-part heat exchange element composite
- Figure 7 and Figure 8:
- Further embodiments of the heat exchange element
- Figure 9:
- heat exchanger
- Figure 10:
- Process for manufacturing a heat exchange element
- Figure 11:
- heat exchanger
- Figure 12:
- connection with distance steps
- Figure 13:
- Connection with spacer knobs
- Figure 14:
- Glued/soldered connection
- Figure 15:
- welded joints
Das in
Des Weiteren sind stranggepresste Profile für Kleinserien aufwendig, wenn diese lediglich für eine Rohrdimension verwendet werden können.Furthermore, extruded profiles for small series are expensive if they can only be used for one pipe dimension.
Ein weiteres Wärmeaustauschelement 1" des Standes der Technik, wie beispielsweise aus
Ein erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement 1 zeigt
Ist bei herkömmlichen Wärmeaustauschelementen eine Breite b von 80 bis 135 mm möglich, so kann diese Breite, unter Beibehaltung eines vergleichbaren Übertragungswerts, mit einer entsprechenden Lochung vorteilhaft zwischen 400 bis 1000 mm gewählt werden.If a width b of 80 to 135 mm is possible with conventional heat exchange elements, this width can advantageously be selected between 400 and 1000 mm with a corresponding perforation while maintaining a comparable transmission value.
Einen anderen Zweck erfüllen die im unteren Bereich des oder der Plattenelemente 4 dargestellten Rundlöcher, die an ihrer, wie in
Entsprechende Bördelungen können auch an den Längslöchern vorgesehen sein. Auch eine Kombination von akustisch wirksamen Löchern und entsprechenden Längslöchern ist möglich.Corresponding flanges can also be provided on the longitudinal holes. Also a combination of acoustic effective holes and corresponding longitudinal holes is possible.
Gleichzeitig oder gestaffelt dazu kann die Rohrkontaktfläche 3 gleichfalls nach Erwärmung des Rohrs unter Zuhilfenahme eines auf den Aussenumfang des Rohrs 2, bzw. der Rohrkontaktfläche 3 angepassten Ultraschallkopfs 15' mit Lötzinn beschichtet werden. Anschliessend wird, wie in
In
In
Dementsprechend sind in den
Eine andere Möglichkeit um die entsprechenden Verhältniszahlen (Apr / Awi bzw. Awi / GL) zu verbessern, ist in
Wenn auch einzelne Merkmale nur im Zusammenhang mit einzelnen Beispielen genannt sind, können entsprechende Merkmale auch mit anderen Beispielen oder ganz allgemein mit Ausführungsformen, die sich aus der allgemeinen Offenbarung der Erfindung ergeben kombiniert werden, sofern eine solche Kombination mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche übereinstimmt.Even if individual features are only mentioned in connection with individual examples, corresponding features can also be combined with other examples or more generally with embodiments resulting from the general disclosure of the invention, provided such a combination corresponds to the features of the claims.
- 11
- Wärmeaustauschelementheat exchange element
- 22
- RohrPipe
- 33
- Rohrkontaktflächepipe contact surface
- 44
- Plattenelementplate element
- 55
- Plattenelementkontaktflächeplate element contact surface
- 66
- Längslochlongitudinal hole
- 77
- Rundlochround hole
- 88th
- Wärmetauscherheat exchanger
- 99
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 1010
- Vorderwandfront wall
- 1111
- Anpressmittelpressing means
- 1212
- Klemmvorrichtungclamping device
- 1313
- Dämpfermute
- 1414
- Isolationsmaterialinsulation material
- 1515
- US-Kopf (Ultraschallkopf)US head (ultrasound head)
- 1616
- Schweissverbindungwelded connection
- 1717
- Klebverbindungadhesive bond
- 1818
- Lotverbindungsolder joint
- 1919
- Arbeitsplattecountertop
- 2020
- Heizelementheating element
- 2121
- Innere Wärmeaustauschfläche des WärmetauschersInternal heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger
- 2222
- Äussere Wärmeaustauschfläche des WärmetauschersExternal heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger
- 2323
- Vlies und/oder Plattefleece and/or plate
- 2424
- Zwischenraumspace
- 2525
- Anpressflächecontact surface
- 2626
- Beschichtungcoating
- 2727
- Wärmeleitblechheatsink
- 2828
- Freiflächeopen space
- 2929
- Wärmeaustauschkontaktflächeheat exchange contact surface
- 3030
- Lotspaltsolder gap
- 3131
- Abstandsstufedistance level
- 3232
- Abstandsnoppespacer knob
- 3333
- Passungfit
- 3434
- Ausdünnung, Sickethinning, beading
- A, A'A, A'
- 1. und 2. Ebene1st and 2nd level
- BB
- Breite des PlattenelementsWidth of the plate element
- DD
- Plattendicke (Dicke des Plattenelements (4))Plate thickness (thickness of plate member (4))
- di.e
- Materialdicke des Plattenelements im Bereich der PassungMaterial thickness of the plate element in the area of the fit
- HH
- 3. Ebene (Horizontalebene)3rd level (horizontal level)
- LL
- Längsrichtung, Länge des PlattenelementsLongitudinal, length of the plate element
- SVSV
- Schweissverbindungwelded connection
- SS
- Spaltbreitegap width
- xx
- Abmessung des Plattenelements parallel zur Rohrachse im Bereich der PlattenelementkontaktflächeDimension of the plate element parallel to the pipe axis in the area of the plate element contact surface
- yy
- Abmessung des Plattenelements parallel zur Rohrachse in einem vom Rohr weiter beabstandeten BereichDimension of the plate element parallel to the pipe axis in an area further spaced from the pipe
- 22
- Rohrachsepipe axis
Claims (18)
- Heat exchange element, comprising a thermally conductive pipe (2) for the flow of a heat exchange fluid therethrough and at least one thermally conductive plate element (4), which is designed essentially planar on both sides and parallel on both sides, for the absorption of ambient heat and thermal transfer of the ambient heat to the pipe (2) or/and absorption of heating heat from the pipe (2) and release of the heating heat to the environment, wherein the pipe (2) is arranged on at least one plate element (4) or between at least two plate elements (4) of a plate element arrangement, and a contact means is provided for thermal contacting, wherein the contact means comprises a connecting means, wherein the plate element (4) is adapted in the region of a plate element contact surface (5) for thermally conductive contacting with a pipe contact surface (3) to the pipe contact surface by means of a fit (33), having a material thickness d reduced relative to the plate thickness D of the plate element (4), in order to enlarge the contact surfaces (3, 5), and the connecting means is a welded joint (SV), characterized in that the plate element (4) has a plate thickness D of 0.5 to 10 mm, the fit in the edge region or in the entire cross-section is circular-segment-shaped, having a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm or 2 to 12% of the outer diameter of the pipe.
- Heat exchange element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one pipe (2) is operatively connected to the at least one plate element (4) transversely, preferably substantially at a right angle to a longitudinal direction L thereof.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe (2) is operatively connected in a meandering manner to at least one plate element (4).
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe (2) and plate element is designed straight in the region of the fit.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate element (4) or the plate element arrangement extends on both sides of a plane of symmetry S of the heat exchange element (1) in one respective plane A, A', wherein the planes A, A' intersect in the plane of symmetry S along a line of intersection between the plane of symmetry S and a fourth plane H extending parallel to a pipe axis Z and perpendicularly to the plane of symmetry S, and form an acute angle α, α' with respect to the plane H in each case, so that the heat exchange element (1) with the planes A, A' can be pressed resiliently against a heat exchange surface W which is parallel to the fourth plane H.
- Heat exchange element according to claim 5, characterized in that the angles α, α' are equal in magnitude.
- Heat exchange element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the angles α, α' lie in a range between 1 to 15°, in this case preferably between 2 to 10°.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate element (4) has a plate thickness D of 1 to 2 mm.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of the fit in the edge region or in the entire cross-section is 0.6 to 1 mm or 5 to 8% of the outer diameter of the pipe.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fit comprises or is a planar surface whose average roughness is set to an Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 µm, preferably from 0.1 to 1 µm.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the welded joint (SV) comprises at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the pipe axis.
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the side of the fit (33) facing away from the pipe (2), a thinning (34) of the plate material extends parallel to the fit (33).
- Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material thickness d of the plate element in the region of the fit, in particular in the region of the welded joint, is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
- Heat exchanger, comprising at least one heat exchange element (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
- Method for producing a heat exchange element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, the method comprising the steps of:- mechanical processing of the plate element (4) in order to adapt it to the contour of the pipe contact surface (3) by means of a fit (33) introduced into the surface and to enlarge the contact surfaces (3, 5), wherein the plate thickness D of the plate element (4) in the region of the fit (33) is reduced to a material thickness d and the average roughness of the contact surfaces is set to an Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 µm;- aligning the pipe contact surface (3) with the plate element contact surface (5) in the region of the fit (33);- fixing the plate element (4) and the pipe (2) against each other, wherein a contact pressure is preferably applied;- applying at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the pipe axis to connect the pipe (2) to the plate element (4).
- Method according to claim 15, characterized in that in a further upstream mechanical processing step the material thickness d of the plate element (4) in the region of the fit (33) is further reduced by applying a thinning (34) on the side of the plate element (4) facing away from the pipe (2).
- Method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the welded joint is applied in a region of the fit (33) in which the material thickness is between 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the welded joint is applied from the side of the plate element (4) facing away from the pipe (2).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES15178349T ES2959466T3 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-07-24 | heat exchange element |
EP15178349.5A EP3121549B1 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-07-24 | Heat exchange element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15178349.5A EP3121549B1 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-07-24 | Heat exchange element |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3121549A1 EP3121549A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
EP3121549C0 EP3121549C0 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
EP3121549B1 true EP3121549B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15178349.5A Active EP3121549B1 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2015-07-24 | Heat exchange element |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3121549B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2959466T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3025441B2 (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 2000-03-27 | 日本原子力研究所 | Method for manufacturing first cooling wall of fusion reactor |
JP2007024457A (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-02-01 | Furukawa Sky Kk | Cold plate |
KR101213247B1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2012-12-18 | 니폰게이긴조쿠가부시키가이샤 | Heat exchange plate manufacturing method and heat exchange plate |
JP5267381B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-08-21 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Manufacturing method of heat transfer plate |
DE102013209961B4 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2015-01-15 | Caverion Deutschland GmbH | Heat exchanger and method of fastening |
-
2015
- 2015-07-24 ES ES15178349T patent/ES2959466T3/en active Active
- 2015-07-24 EP EP15178349.5A patent/EP3121549B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3121549C0 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
EP3121549A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
ES2959466T3 (en) | 2024-02-26 |
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