EP3120103B1 - Leichtes verbessertes ballistisches panzerungssystem - Google Patents

Leichtes verbessertes ballistisches panzerungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3120103B1
EP3120103B1 EP15795701.0A EP15795701A EP3120103B1 EP 3120103 B1 EP3120103 B1 EP 3120103B1 EP 15795701 A EP15795701 A EP 15795701A EP 3120103 B1 EP3120103 B1 EP 3120103B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face plate
strike face
metal strike
backing material
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15795701.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3120103A2 (de
EP3120103A4 (de
Inventor
Charles F. Inglefield
Brian D. Barry
Robert W. Eilmann
William A. Gooch
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American Technical Coatings Inc
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American Technical Coatings Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by American Technical Coatings Inc filed Critical American Technical Coatings Inc
Priority claimed from PCT/US2015/021303 external-priority patent/WO2015179013A2/en
Publication of EP3120103A2 publication Critical patent/EP3120103A2/de
Publication of EP3120103A4 publication Critical patent/EP3120103A4/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F41H5/0464—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H7/00—Armoured or armed vehicles
    • F41H7/02—Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks
    • F41H7/04—Armour construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B35/00—Testing or checking of ammunition

Definitions

  • Ceramic-based armors and armor systems are well known in the art. However, many conventional armors and armor systems tend to be too heavy and/or bulky to be easily employed as a protection system against high caliber artillery and projectiles, or even lower caliber threats. Moreover, many conventional armors and armor systems can also tend to be too expensive for practical use or manufacture.
  • ballistic armor and armor systems are subjected to a variety of projectiles or fragments over a wide range of velocities and calibers designed to defeat the armor or armor systems by penetrating the armor or armor systems, or by causing an impact against the armor or armor system that can cause spalling (i.e., flaking off of material from an object due to impact from another object), in particular spalling through mechanical stress which in turn eventually defeats the armor.
  • spalling i.e., flaking off of material from an object due to impact from another object
  • armor and armor systems are known for protecting personnel, vehicles, equipment and the like from damage or destruction caused by high caliber artillery and projectiles.
  • Many such armor and armor systems are employed in military applications to protect individuals (such as via body armor), aircraft, tanks, ships and vehicles from damage or destruction caused by high caliber artillery and projectiles.
  • many such armor and armor systems are employed in military applications to protect missiles during their storage or transport, such as for example in the form of canisters in which the missiles are stored, held or transported.
  • munitions must comply with the MIL-STD-2105 bullet impact and fragment impact requirements as defined in STANAG 4241 and STANAG 4496. Meeting these requirements by protecting the munitions with conventional ceramic armor systems is difficult due to the limited multi-hit performance of ceramic systems.
  • the armor or armor systems is incorporated into the structure that is to be protected. Such applications can include military vehicles, armored vehicles or missile storage canisters. In such applications, it is typically not possible for the armor or armor systems to be temporarily applied but rather thus tend to be permanent aspects of the structure. In this regard, the armor systems can be difficult or even impossible to replace in the event of damage or failure.
  • some conventional systems employ ceramic materials that can protect against a range of projectiles or fragments of projectiles. Ceramic tiles can often be used to break up and dissipate the energy of high caliber projectiles, and can be applied in specific thicknesses or patterns of the arrangement of tiles to maximize effectiveness.
  • a disadvantage of conventional ceramic tiles is that ceramic is brittle and is more susceptible to cracking after impact, thus reducing the effectiveness against subsequent impacts. Cracking of the conventional ceramics can also leave the underlying structure to be protected vulnerable to exposure to outside elements, such as water, air, heat, cold, wind, chemicals, biological agents, etc., thereby further weakening the structure to be protected.
  • One known disadvantage in certain conventional armored applications is the allowable road weight that limits the numbers of encased missiles from being transported together. Due to the strict road weight limits, the excessive load created by the combined weight of the missiles, truck, etc. allows for only a few (e.g., 1-4) missiles to be transported together. For example, the Department of Transportation (DOT) has established that the total road weight of a truck, including the weight of the load, cannot exceed 36.287 kg (80,000 pounds) per vehicle. It should of course be understood that different trucks have different weights, while the specific weight of the particular load, such as missiles to be transported and the respective container or canister, can vary depending on the nature of the type of missile at issue.
  • DOT Department of Transportation
  • the combined weight of a single missile and the respective canister may be about 3.402 kg (7,500 pounds). Nevertheless, the combined weight of the truck and the missiles being transported which comprise the respective load cannot exceed 36.287 kg (80,000 pounds). Consequently, the missiles are oftentimes unprotected (i.e., lack a protective structure) in order to maximize the number of missiles that are transported together while also meeting the strict road weight limits or only have the standard protective canisters without additional protective means. Oftentimes, the excessive load caused by the combined weight of the missiles and storage protective canister allows for just one, or at most two, missiles to be transported together.
  • the protective system of the present invention in an embodiment may be provided at a weight in the range of about 87,9 - 146,5 kg/m 2 (18 - 30 lb. / square foot (psf)).
  • the specific weight per m 2 in accordance with the present invention depends on the specific nature of the application type with which the present invention is employed.
  • the armor or armor systems is incorporated into the structure that is to be protected.
  • Such applications can include military vehicles, armored vehicles or missile storage canisters.
  • the armor systems could be difficult to replace in the event of damage or failure.
  • Projectiles such as armor piercing ammunition, are designed to specifically penetrate conventional armor and armor systems.
  • Conventional ceramic-faced armor systems were consequently developed to defeat armor piercing ammunition.
  • the projectile can be blunted or otherwise damaged by the conventional ceramic-faced armor system.
  • cracking or other damage to the conventional ceramic-faced armor system is inevitable which leads to a weakening of the integrity of the conventional ceramic-faced armor system and thus more vulnerable to future attacks.
  • Document US 2009/0320676 A1 is directed to the use of an armor for protection against projectiles having a ceramic layer with a confinement layer on the front thereof.
  • the ceramic layer is backed by a first metallic layer and the first metallic layer in turn is backed by a composite layer.
  • the composite layer is backed by a second metallic layer, which in turn is backed by an anti-trauma layer.
  • Document W0 91/00490 A1 discusses a composite ballistic article comprising at least one hard rigid layer, at least one fibrous layer and a void layer between the rigid layer and the at least one fibrous layer.
  • the relative weight percents of the hard rigid layer and the fibrous layer(s), and the relative positions of the layers are such that the article is said to exhibit a mass efficiency equal to or greater than about 2.5.
  • Document US 4 061 815 A discusses a laminated sheet material having high impact resistance for use in with armor plates.
  • One or more layers of cellular or non-cellular polyurethane is sandwiched between a rigid, high impact resistant sheet of material, such as aluminum armor plate and fiberglass, in the one face and a thin retaining skin on the other.
  • a filler such as ceramic, particulate refractory or strip metal, can be embedded in the polyurethane layer(s).
  • Document US 2010/0212486 A1 discusses a strike plate including a base armor plate having an outwardly facing surface and a hard layer deposited on the base armor plate to substantially overlay the outwardly facing surface.
  • a ballistic attenuation assembly is allegedly provided having multiple sheets of a first fibrous material and a sheet of a second fibrous material laminated together by a modified epoxy resin with the first sheet of a second fibrous material being exposed along an outward facing surface.
  • An alternative ballistic attenuation assembly is also discussed having a first panel having opposed inward and outward facing surfaces, a second panel having opposed inward and outward facing surfaces, and a spacer interposed between the first and second panels forming a gap between the inward facing surfaces of the first and second panels.
  • Document US 5 200 256 A discusses an armor lining for protecting objects from high velocity projectiles having an extended sheet-like body having a weight of less than eight pounds per square foot and having an inner strike surface being positioned away from the object to be protected.
  • a first layer of woven fabric material is carried at a position adjacent the outer strike surface layer and a second layer of material is carried internally of the woven layer between the outer strike surface and an inner attachment surface.
  • a third layer of energy absorbent material is positioned adjacent the inner attachment surface and interfaces with the second fabric layer.
  • Document US 2009/0293709 A1 discusses an armor system for protecting a vehicle from high energy projectiles having a leading layer, relative to the projectile trajectory, positioned exterior to the hull, a first plurality of sheet-like layers of a low density material positioned between the leading layer and the hull; and a second plurality of sheet-like high strength metal layers positioned between the leading layer and the hull.
  • the individual ones of the first plurality of high strength metal layers are positioned alternating with and to the rear of individual ones of the second plurality of low density material layers.
  • the leading layer can be one of a sheet-like metallic layer, a metalicized grid layer, and the outer-most layer of the first plurality of low materials layers.
  • the materials of the high strength metal layers can be steel and high strength aluminum, and the materials of the low density material may be low density polypropylene composites and R-Glass composites.
  • Document US 2010/0294123 A1 discusses a modular armor system having a leading layer with a metal and an intermediate sheet-like layer of a low density material lesser than that of metal, abutting a rear surface of the leading layer.
  • the armor system also has an intermediate sheet-like layer having glass fiber material and abutting a rear surface of the intermediate low density material layer, and an intermediate sheet-like layer having metal and abutting a rear surface of the intermediate glass fiber layer.
  • Document US 4 836 084 A discusses an armor plate composite having four main components, namely, a ceramic impact layer, a sub-layer laminate, a supporting element and a backing layer.
  • the ceramic layer serves for allegedly blunting the tip of a projectile.
  • the sub-layer laminate of metal sheets alternate with fabrics impregnated with a viscoelastic synthetic material for absorbing the kinetic energy of the projectile by plastic deformation.
  • the backing layer away from the side of impact consists of a pack of impregnated fabrics.
  • Document US 2006/0065111 A1 discusses an armor system having an outer case of woven or unidirectional fibers filled with one or more protective materials.
  • the outer case includes a pressure sensitive adhesive bonded to one side for allegedly quick and easy application to a body to be protected.
  • the protective materials may include ceramic material which may be in the form of ceramic tile sheets, loose ceramic balls or perforated tiles, multiple layers of woven or unidirectional cloth and steel mesh.
  • the conventional prior art system includes a flatbed trailer 10 having a standard dimension of about 16,15 m x 2,59 m (53' x 102") and a set of missiles (not shown) inside a corresponding protective canister 12.
  • Protective canister 12 may comprise any missile protective material known in the art, such as steel.
  • a frame 14 is provided for securing each canister 12 to the flatbed trailer 10.
  • Frame 14 may comprise any material conventional in the art, such as wood or steel.
  • the conventional prior art system for the transport of missiles inside protective canisters 12 lacks any additional type of protective structure since an additional protective structure that would provide sufficient protection to the canisters 12 would be too heavy to comply with STANG 4241 and STANAG 4496 requirements and thus would cause the weight of the entire load to exceed 36.287 kg (80,000 pounds). Therefore, an additional protective structure cannot be employed and the missiles must be transported in a vulnerable manner as shown in Figure 1.
  • a lightweight ballistic armor system for protection against projectiles comprising: at least one metal strike face plate comprising a plurality of slotted holes; a laminate composite backing material secured to said metal strike face plate, wherein said metal strike face plate includes a proximate metal strike face plate that is proximate to said laminate composite backing material, said proximate metal strike face plate and said composite backing material being separated by a space to define a maximum distance of 30,48 cm, wherein said metal strike face plate is a perforated metal, and wherein said metal strike face plate comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of steel, perforated hardened steel, steel alloys, aluminum, magnesium and titanium, wherein said plurality of slotted holes are selected from the group consisting of angled slotted holes and straight slotted holes, wherein said plurality of slotted holes are set at an angle in a range of 0° - 60° relative to the vertical orientation of said metal strike face plate, and where
  • Document US 2009/095147 A1 discloses an armor panel system including a strike face assemblage formed of a high-hardness material which is bonded to a fiber reinforcement.
  • the high-hardness material is formed as "discrete elements" or "tiles".
  • this conventional system includes a support plate and a containment element which are fixed together by a fastening structure such as stitching, clamps or bolts.
  • a metallic armor assembly includes a metallic facing element with a plurality of perforations, an adhesive layer, and a composite fiber backing. Moreover, the assembly includes an encapsulating cover for encapsulating the whole assembly structure.
  • FIG. 1 the armor system according to a first example ( Figure 2 ) and a second or alternative example ( Figure 3 ) is shown generally at numerals 100 and 200, respectively.
  • the armor system as described herein may be employed for use in an armor trailer system, or alternatively for use as body armor, missile canisters or with a vehicle including for use with the body of a vehicle or portions thereof, as described below.
  • Armor systems 100 and 200 both comprise a perforated metal strike face plate 110, 210 and a laminate composite backing 120, 220. It should be appreciated that multiple layers of both metal strike face plate and/or laminate composite backing may be employed in accordance with the present invention.
  • metal strike face plate refers to a high strength metal that has a front face surface that would receive the initial impact of a projectile or shock waves or material from a blast.
  • the back surface of the metal strike face plate can be adjacent to the front surface of the laminate composite backing in an example not forming part of the present invention.
  • the perforated metal strike face plate provides a ballistic strike face which is the first layer of the ballistic armor or armor system that is struck by a projectile or fragment.
  • the perforated metal plate 110, 210 fractures and/or rotates the projectile or fragment.
  • metal strike face plate 110, 210 is provided at a thickness in the range of about 0.254 - 3.81 cm (0.10 - 1.5 inches) or even 0.635 cm - 3.81 cm (0.25 inch - 1.5 inches).
  • metal strike face plate 110, 210 is provided at a thickness in the range of about 0.38 cm to 1.27 cm (0.15 inch to 0.50 inch) or even 1.27 cm - 1.59 cm (1/2 inch - 5/8 inch). It should be appreciated that the particular thickness of metal strike face plate or plates 110, 210 depends on the specific application with which the present invention is employed as discussed below.
  • Perforated metal strike face plate 110, 210 may be a material that is for example, but not limited to, steel or steel alloys, hardened steel, cast irons, aluminum, magnesium, titanium and the like, or a combination thereof.
  • strike face plate 110, 210 may comprise a cast iron material such as a cast steel material, i.e., ductile cast iron.
  • metal strike face plate 110, 210 can be any buffer plate of a high strength material that receives impact or impact-induced stress waves prior to a shock-absorbing element.
  • metal strike face plate 110, 210 can alternatively be a flat sheet of a high strength metal.
  • the armor of an example may be produced and represented by the following: Styrofoam master sheets having a thickness of about 1,27 cm (0.50 inches) and dimensions of about 35,56 cm (14 inches) by about 76 cm (30 inches) are used.
  • the styrofoam sheets have slots in a regular pattern produced from a die and the slots have the dimensions of 1,587 cm (0.625 inches) by 4,127 cm (1.625 inches) on 1,587 cm (0.625 inch) vertical centers and 4,127 cm (1.625 inch) horizontal centers. These slots are set at an obliquity of 30 degrees relative to a vertical orientation or axis.
  • the web, defined as the solid material between the slots, is about 0,381 cm (0.150 inches) in thickness.
  • An environmentally insensitive sheet or layer 704 comprising an appropriate material such as but not limited to a polymer (e.g., polypropylene) or a metal (e.g., aluminum, titanium, and the like) is applied directly onto at least one surface, such as the outwardly facing surface of layered configuration 702 exposed to external environmental conditions, or even all surfaces thereof (e.g., entirely wrapped).
  • Environmentally insensitive sheet or layer 704 may be advantageously bonded or otherwise secured to layered configuration 702 by conventional methods known in the art, such as heat, pressure or bonding materials. It should also be understood that environmentally insensitive sheet or layer 704 could alternatively comprise an encasing to fully encase or enclose layered configuration.
  • a process for encapsulating the laminate composite backing layer can be as follows. It should also be appreciated that the process for forming the laminate composite backing layer in accordance with the present invention would envision any alternative or modifications that would be apparent to one skilled in the art.
  • a material in a liquid form is encapsulated around a fibrous bundle core in a manner conventional in the art.
  • the liquid is solidified to form an encapsulating skin.
  • the transformation from liquid may occur, for example, via solvent evaporation, chemical reaction, or cooling from a molten state or by any alternative comparable manner conventional in the art.
  • High tensile strength polymer board may supplement the laminate composite backing 200, or replace at least a portion of the cross-sectional composition of the laminate composite backing 200.
  • armor system 100 is provided with the metal strike face plate 110 and laminate composite backing 120 bonded together by bonding methods conventional in the art, such as by a urethane or polyurethane bonding. As shown in Figure 2 , metal strike face plate 110 and composite backing 120 are bonded directly together with no air space there between. It should be appreciated that metal strike face plate 110 and laminate composite backing 120 could also be secured together via mechanical means conventional in the art, as discussed further below. Such a configuration may be employed, for example, for use of the present invention in a body armor type of application.
  • air space 300 is provided with an air space 300 between metal strike face plate 210 and laminate composite backing 220.
  • air space 300 may be provided at a distance or depth in the range of about 0,635 cm to 12,7 cm or 15,24 cm (0.25 to 5 or 6 inches). More particularly, air space 300 may be provided at a distance or depth of about 0,634 cm to 5,08 cm (0.25 inches to 2 inches), or even about 13,02 cm (5 1/8 inches) to about 13,97 cm (5 1 ⁇ 2 inches). It should be appreciated that the particular depth of the air space would depend on the particular type of application with which the present invention is employed, including no air space at all, i.e., air space having zero cm (inches) depth.
  • armor system 200 may be devoid of air space 300 in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Air space 300 may be optionally filled with a foam energy absorbing material, such as low density foam, or other comparable energy absorbing material as conventional in the art.
  • the armor system may be employed for use as an armor system for missile transport canisters, for body armor, for the missile canisters, or for vehicles including for incorporation into the body of the vehicle or portion(s) of the vehicle body.
  • armor system is shown at numeral 100 comprising perforated metal plate 110 having plurality of holes 130, laminate composite backing 120 and air space 300 between perforated metal strike face plate 110 having plurality of holes 130 and laminate composite backing 120.
  • Laminate composite backing comprises a thickness defined as thickness X, which may be for example about 0,635 cm - 12,7 cm (0.25 - 5 inches), or 0,635 cm -10,16 cm (0.25 - 4 inches), or even about 6,35 cm (2.5 inches).
  • thickness X may be for example about 0,635 cm - 12,7 cm (0.25 - 5 inches), or 0,635 cm -10,16 cm (0.25 - 4 inches), or even about 6,35 cm (2.5 inches).
  • FIG. 9B an alternative example of armor system is shown at numeral 100a comprising perforated metal plate 110a having plurality of holes 130a, laminate composite backing 120a and air space 300a between perforated metal plate 110a having plurality of holes 130a and laminate composite backing 120a.
  • a sheet of material or board, shown at numeral 140a may be provided on top of and adjacent to laminate composite backing 120a.
  • Sheet of material or board 140a may be, but is not limited to, a high tensile strength urethane board having a defined thickness of y1.
  • the defined thickness of laminate composite backing 120a is thus reduced as compared to the laminate composite backing 120 of Figure 9A and is shown at numeral y2.
  • the defined thicknesses of sheet of material or board 140a and laminate composite backing 120a ( Figure 9B ) is substantially equal to the thickness of laminate composite back 120 ( Figure 9A ).
  • the defined thicknesses of y1 + y2 x depending on the particular application with which the present invention is employed.
  • sheet of material or board 140a may be employed for partially replacing a desired thickness or amount of laminate composite backing 120a for reducing overall production costs while maintaining overall system strength, thickness and integrity. It should also be understood that multiple layers of perforated metal sheet may be employed, as discussed above, depending on a particular desirable application for the present invention with the overall thickness of the metal layer(s) being constant as desired for a particular embodiment regardless of whether a single-layer of perforated metal or multiple layers of perforated metal is/are employed.
  • the armor system of the present invention meets the appropriate military weight specifications and requirements for defeating high velocity and high caliber projectiles, or alternatively for disrupting/deflecting/dissipating the energy of small arms impact (i.e., a reduction of the energy of the small arms threat).
  • the armor system of the present invention meets the appropriate military weight specifications and requirements as defined by NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) Bullet Impact, Munitions Test Procedures promulgated on April 15, 2003 and NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) Fragment Impact, Munitions Test Procedures promulgated on December 13, 2006, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • the present invention meets the appropriate test of stopping, or alternatively slowing down (i.e., deflecting, disrupting, dissipating the energy of) three (3) 50-caliber bullets shot within a 2-inch diameter area and shot in a time interval of 1/10 second apart.
  • the armor system of the present invention comprises a weight in the range of about 87,9 - 180,9 kg/m 2 (18-35 psf) for use with missile canister protection systems. More particularly, in accordance with the present invention, the armor system comprises a weight of no greater than about 141,6 kg/m 2 (29 psf) in the embodiment in which the present invention is employed for use with a missile canister armor system. Even more particularly, in accordance with the present invention, the armor system comprises a weight of about 112,3 kg/m 2 (23 psf) in the embodiment in which the present invention is employed for use with a missile canister armor system. In accordance with the present invention, the respective weights meet those that are needed by the particular application of use with which the present invention is employed.
  • the lightweight armor system of the present invention comprises a weight of about 14,6 - 73,2 kg/m 2 (3-15 psf), including about 29,3 - 53,7 kg/m 2 (6-11 psf). More particularly, the lightweight armor system of the present invention comprises a weight in the range of about 34,2 - 53,7 kg/m 2 (7-11 psf), or even 34,7 - 52,7 kg/m 2 (7.1-10.8 psf), when employed with a metal strike plate, such as steel or titanium, for defeating, for example, 0.30 caliber armor piercing threats. In accordance with the present invention, the respective weights meet those that are needed by the particular application of use with which the present invention is employed.
  • the lightweight armor system of the present invention comprises a weight in the range of about 19,5 - 39,1 kg/m 2 (4-8 psf), or even about 24,4 -29,3 kg/m 2 (5-6 psf), or more particularly about 27,3 kg/m 2 (5.6 psf), when employed with a hardened steel plate for defeating threats such as 5.56 X 45 M193 and SS 109 (M855 equivalent).
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be employed for use with vehicles, such as a material for forming at least a portion of the vehicle body, such as a police vehicle or military vehicle.
  • Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE
  • UHMWPE Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
  • the lightweight armor system of the present invention comprises a weight in the range of about 13,5 - 43,9 kg/m 2 (4-9 psf), or even about 19,5 - 37,6 kg/m 2 (4-7.7 psf), or more particularly about 19,5 - 32,7 kg/m 2 (4.0-6.7 psf), or even more particularly in the range of about 21 - 30,7 kg/m 2 (4.3-6.3 psf) or still even more particularly about 19,5 - 26,9 kg/m 2 (4.0-5.5 psf), when employed for use as a missile canister for encasing and protecting missiles during transport.
  • S-Glass may be advantageously employed as the component of the composite backing, such as for lowering flammability properties.
  • the fibers or composite material may be advantageously used to wrap the perforated metal plate directly.
  • the wrapped perforated strike plate can be used as a singular item for improving ballistic and/or environmental properties.
  • a mechanical attachment mechanism 400 can be fabricated into the components 110 and 120 for attaching components 110 and 120 to each other and/or for attaching an armor system to another object to be protected, such as a vehicle, and which is employed with the specific application of use.
  • metal strike face plate 110 comprises recessed pockets 42 through which tubular spacers 40, each having a threaded end 41 passes through.
  • Metal strike face plate 110 is attached to a structure 13 to be protected (e.g., a vehicle) ( Figure 8 ) through tubular spacers 40 by a washer 30 and nut 32.
  • metal strike face plate 110 comprises an opening 45 through which tubular spacer 40 may be accommodated.
  • mechanical attachment mechanism 400 may be a conventional threaded screw and nut engagement mechanism as known in the art.
  • FIGs 10-14 an exemplary use of the armor system in accordance with the present invention in connection with a particular type of application will be shown and described, namely for use with an armor system for the transport of missile canisters. It should be appreciated, however, that the specific application of the present invention shown in Figures 10-14 is for illustrative purposes only and the armor system of the present invention should not be considered limited or exclusive to such an application or use. As indicated above, the present invention may alternatively and advantageously be employed for use with body armor, missile canisters, or the vehicle body itself or a portion or portions of the vehicle body as within the scope of the present invention.
  • An additional frame system 516 such as an aluminum frame system ( Figure 11 ) having a top frame 516a and side frames 516b, is provided for securing the armor system panels 518 to the side of the flatbed truck trailer 510 and totally surrounding the canisters 512 secured by frame 514.
  • frame system 516 any comparable material to aluminum may be employed for frame system 516.
  • each segment of frame system 516 contains or houses strike face plate 520 and laminate composite backing 524, with air space 522 therebetween, and regardless of whether the respective segment of frame system 516 is employed on a side, front, top or back of the trailer bed 510.
  • Each segment of frame system 516 is employed in series so as to directly and securely abut the respective adjacent segment of frame system 516 to form a secure protective system in all directions surrounding the canisters 512, including top and all sides.
  • the Ballistic Barrier Test was conducted in order to test ballistic armored panels in accordance with the present invention.
  • Projectile velocities were measured using Oehler infrared screens and high-speed video.
  • the Oehler screen and Phantom high-speed camera setup was as shown in Figure 18 .
  • the target plate was secured to the test stand.
  • the target plate consisted of a 1,587 cm (5/8-inch) perforated grate up-range and a 6,35 cm (2.5-inch) thick piece of composite down-range.
  • the target panels were bolted to the test stand as shown in Figure 19 .
  • the distance from the perforated plate to the composite plate was approximately 13,02 cm (5 1/8-inches).
  • Velocity data for this volley is shown in Table 2 below.
  • Another target test plate in accordance with the present invention was secured in a similar fashion as the first test plate.
  • the difference between the respective plates was that the former had a composite plate thickness of 4,44 cm (1.75 inches). This required the use of a 1,9 cm (3 ⁇ 4-inch) standoff directly behind and down-range of the composite plate in order to maintain a plate separation of 13,02 cm (5 1/8-inches) as shown in Figure 22 .
  • the objective of the test was to impact each candidate plate in a specified quadrant with a single North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standardized fragment with a nominal mass of 18.6 grams, traveling at a velocity of 2530 +/- 91 m/s (8300 +/-300 ft/s).
  • NEO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • the fragment was fired from a 40mm High-Performance Powder Gun, which is an electrically-actuated, mechanically-fired cannon.
  • a schematic depiction of the test site is shown in Figure 26 .
  • the instrumentation setup was as set forth as shown in Figure 27 .
  • the additional test plate in accordance with the present invention was installed with the same standoff used for the bullet impact portion of the test. A distance of 13,02 cm (5 1/8-inches) was measured from the back side of the grate to the face of the composite plate as shown in Figure 32 .
  • the velocity was measured using one primary and one redundant Phantom camera.
  • the fragment velocity data is presented in the following Table 7.
  • the tests were conducted in accordance with the approved test parameters.
  • the projectile velocities and firing intervals for the bullet impact test were in accordance with STANAG 4241.
  • the projectile velocity for the fragment impact test was in accordance with STANAG 4496.
  • the armor system in accordance with the present invention may be employed in any type of appropriate application for protection against high velocity and high caliber projectiles.
  • Such applications for employment may include, but is not limited to, individual protective systems, i.e., body armor, armor for tanks, armor for ships or boats, armor for trucks, armor for vehicles, armor for aircraft including airplanes, jets and helicopters, armor for barriers, armor for protective structures, i.e., blast panels and armor for missile containers for storage or transport.
  • FIG 34 an alternative example of the armor system will be shown and described, namely for use with an armored structure, such as an armored trailer or armored shipping container and the like in which the armor system is integrally built into the respective walls, floors and ceiling of the armored structure, such as an armored trailer or armored shipping container.
  • an armored structure such as an armored trailer or armored shipping container and the like in which the armor system is integrally built into the respective walls, floors and ceiling of the armored structure, such as an armored trailer or armored shipping container.
  • the armored structure as depicted in Figure 34 is an armored trailer.
  • the armored structure is not limited to an armored trailer but can include other types of structures requiring an integral armor system including but not limited to an armored shipping container.
  • all of opposing walls 612a, 612b, ceiling or roof 614, rear end 616, front end 618 and, optionally, floor 620 comprise the armor system of the present invention discussed herewith integrally formed within the parameters of flatbed semi-truck trailer 610.
  • the aforementioned described framework system is omitted in the instant alternative example and the ballistic armor system is employed directly and integrally into each of opposing walls 612a, 612b, ceiling or roof 614, rear end 616, front end 618 and, optionally, floor 620 thereby forming a singular and unitary armored trailer system 600 having the ballistic armor system of the present invention integrally formed into armored trailer system 600.
  • alternative comparable structures may be employed such as but not limited to armored shipping containers, armored boxes, armored rooms, armored shelters and the like.
  • metal strike face plate may be omitted in armored trailer system 600 depending on the required level of protection desired for the particular cargo being protected.
  • the airspace according to armored trailer system 600 may be in the range of about 0 cm (inches) (i.e., negligible or no airspace) to about 25,4 cm (10 inches).
  • the rear composite layer of armored trailer system 600 may comprise any material as described above, including but not limited to polyethylene, aramid- or glass-based composite materials. In accordance with the present invention, the respective weights meet those that are needed by the particular application of use with which the present invention is employed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem zum Schutz vor Projektilen, mit:
    zumindest einer metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) mit einer bestimmten vordefinierten Dicke und mit einer Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230), die in einem Winkel relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung oder Achse der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) angeordnet sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) ausreichend klein sind, um einen Durchlass eines Projektils (P) zu verhindern;
    ein laminiertes Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802), das an der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) befestigt ist, wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) einen Querschnittverbund eines Verstärkungsmaterials aus Fasern aufweist, welche zumindest ein Material aufweisen, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aramidfasern, S-Glas, E-Glas, Polypropylen, und UHMWPE ausgewählt ist, und in Kombination mit einem harzbasierenden Polymer-Bindermaterial vorliegt;
    wobei die zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) eine nahegelegene metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte aufweist, die nahe an dem laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) angeordnet ist, wobei die nahegelegene metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte und das Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial durch einen eine Entfernung definierenden Abstand getrennt ist, wobei der Abstand eine maximale Entfernung von 30,48 cm (12 inch) aufweist,
    wobei die metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) ein perforiertes Metall ist, und wobei die metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zumindest ein Material aufweist, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Stahl, perforiertem gehärteten Stahl, Stahllegierungen, Aluminium, Magnesium und Titan ausgewählt ist,
    wobei die zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) eine Gesamtdicke im Bereich von 0,254 cm (0,1 inch) bis 3,81 cm (1,5 inch) aufweist,
    wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt ist, bestehend aus schrägen Schlitzlöchern und geraden Schlitzlöchern, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) in einem Winkel von 0° - 60° relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) eingestellt ist, und
    wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,254 cm bis 10,16 cm (0,1 bis 4 inch) aufweist,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    eine umweltunempfindliche Schicht (804), welche ein direkt auf eine Oberfläche des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) aufgebrachtes Polymer oder Metall aufweist, die der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zugewandt ist,
    wobei das System ein Gewicht in einem Bereich von 4,9 bis 170,9 kg/m2 (1,0 bis 35 psf) besitzt.
  2. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    ferner umfassend einen Energie-absorbierenden Schaum zum Auffüllen des Abstands, wobei der Energie-absorbierende Schaum ein Schaum mit geringer Dichte ist, welcher aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan-basiertem Schaum und Polypropylen-basiertem Schaum ausgewählt ist.
  3. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    ferner umfassend eine zusätzliche Schutzschicht (212), welche aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einer Verbundschicht und einer Metallhautschicht (211) zum Bedecken der Vorderseite der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (210; 803) ausgewählt ist, wobei die zusätzliche Schutzschicht (212) ein Material aufweist, das gleich oder verschieden zum Material der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte ist, und eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,079 cm bis 0,635 cm (1/32 bis ¼ inch) besitzt.
  4. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    wobei die metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) und das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) durch einen mechanischen Gewinde-Befestigungsmechanismus miteinander verbunden sind.
  5. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) ferner eine Schicht mit einem Material von hoher Zugfestigkeit angrenzend an den Querschnittverbund aufweist, wobei die Schicht mit einem Material von hoher Zugfestigkeit eine Polymertafel mit hoher Zugfestigkeit und mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 0,158 cm bis 10,16 cm ((1/16 inch bis 4 inch) ist.
  6. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    wobei das Verstärkungsmaterial aus Fasern eine Vielzahl von Schichten eines UHMWPE Klebebands von ballistischer Qualität aufweist.
  7. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    ferner umfassend einen Rahmen (806), der um die umweltunempfindliche Schicht (804) herum befestigt oder gebondet ist, zum Verstärken der umweltunempfindlichen Schicht (804) auf dem laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) .
  8. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    wobei die umweltunempfindliche Schicht (804) eine Hülle zum Einkapseln des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) ist.
  9. Leichtes ballistisches Armierungssystem nach Patentanspruch 1,
    wobei das Armierungssystem zum Schutz von insensitiver Munition gegenüber Projektilen konfiguriert ist, und wobei das Armierungssystem zumindest die entsprechenden militärischen Gewichtsspezifikationen und Anforderungen an die Zerschlagung, Abbremsung und Entschleunigung von Projektilen mit geringer, mittlerer oder hoher Geschwindigkeit und/oder kleinem, mittleren oder großen Kaliber erfüllt, wobei die entsprechenden militärischen Gewichtsspezifikationen und Anforderungen aus der Gruppe bestehend aus der militärischen Gewichtsspezifikationen und Anforderungen gemäß NATO Geschosseinschlag-Standardisierungsübereinkommen (STANAG 4241) bekanntgemacht am 15. April 2003 in Munitions-Testprozeduren und gemäß NATO Fragmenteinschlag-Standardisierungsübereinkommen (STANAG 4496) bekanntgemacht am 13. Dezember 2006 in Munitions-Testprozeduren, ausgewählt ist.
  10. Körper-Armierungssystem mit einem leichten ballistischen Armierungssystem zum Schutz vor Projektilen, wobei das leichte ballistische Armierungssystem umfasst:
    zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) mit einer bestimmten vordefinierten Dicke und mit einer Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230), die in einem Winkel relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung oder Achse der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) angeordnet sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) ausreichend klein sind, um einen Durchlass eines Projektils (P) zu verhindern; und
    ein laminiertes Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802), das an der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) befestigt ist, wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) einen Querschnittverbund eines Verstärkungsmaterials aus Fasern aufweist, welche zumindest ein Material aufweisen, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aramidfasern, S-Glas, E-Glas, Polypropylen, und UHMWPE ausgewählt ist, und in Kombination mit einem harzbasierenden Polymer-Bindermaterial vorliegt,
    wobei die zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) ein Material, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Titan und perforiertem Titan, umfasst, gekennzeichnet durch
    eine umweltunempfindliche Schicht (704; 804), welche ein direkt auf eine Oberfläche des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) aufgebrachtes Polymer oder Metall aufweist, die der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zugewandt ist,
    wobei das System ein Gewicht in einem Bereich von 29,3 bis 58,6 kg/m2 (6,0 bis 12 psf) besitzt.
  11. Fahrzeug-Armierungssystem mit einem leichten ballistischen Armierungssystem zum Schutz vor Projektilen, wobei das leichte ballistische Armierungssystem umfasst:
    zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) mit einer bestimmten vordefinierten Dicke und mit einer Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230), die in einem Winkel relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) angeordnet sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) ausreichend klein sind, um einen Durchlass eines Projektils zu verhindern; und ein laminiertes Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802), das an der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) befestigt ist, wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) einen Querschnittverbund eines Verstärkungsmaterials aus Fasern aufweist, welche zumindest ein Material aufweisen, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aramidfasern, S-Glas, E-Glas, Polypropylen, und UHMWPE ausgewählt ist, und in Kombination mit einem harzbasierenden Polymer-Bindermaterial vorliegt,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    eine umweltunempfindliche Schicht (704; 804), welche ein direkt auf eine Oberfläche des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) aufgebrachtes Polymer oder Metall aufweist, die der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zugewandt ist,
    wobei das System ein Gewicht in einem Bereich von 19,5 bis 73,2 kg/m2 (4 bis 15 psf) besitzt.
  12. Raketenbehälter-Armierungssystem mit einem leichten ballistischen Armierungssystem zum Schutz vor Projektilen, wobei das leichte ballistische Armierungssystem umfasst:
    zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) mit einer bestimmten vordefinierten Dicke und mit einer Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230), die in einem Winkel relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) angeordnet sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) ausreichend klein sind, um einen Durchlass eines Projektils zu verhindern; und ein laminiertes Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802), das an der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) befestigt ist, wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) einen Querschnittverbund eines Verstärkungsmaterials aus Fasern aufweist, welche zumindest ein Material aufweisen, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aramidfasern, S-Glas, E-Glas, Polypropylen, und UHMWPE ausgewählt ist, und in Kombination mit einem harzbasierenden Polymer-Bindermaterial vorliegt, und
    wobei das Raketenbehälter-Armierungssystem ein Raketenbehälter ist,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    eine umweltunempfindliche Schicht (704; 804), welche ein direkt auf die Oberfläche des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) aufgebrachtes Polymer oder Metall aufweist, die der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zugewandt ist,
    wobei das Raketenbehälter-Armierungssystem ein Gewicht in einem Bereich von 19,5 bis 73,2 kg/m2 (4 bis 15 psf) besitzt.
  13. Struktur-Armierungssystem mit zumindest einem armierten Dach, zwei armierten Wänden, einer armierten Rückseite, einer armierten Vorderseite und einem armierten Boden, wobei das Struktur-Armierungssystem integral aus einem ballistischen Armierungssystem zum Schutz vor Projektilen ausgebildet ist, umfassend:
    zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) mit einer bestimmten vordefinierten Dicke, wobei jede der zumindest einen metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210) eine Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) aufweist, die in einem Winkel relativ zur vertikalen Orientierung der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) angeordnet sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Schlitzlöchern (130; 230) ausreichend klein sind, um einen Durchlass eines Projektils zu verhindern; und
    ein laminiertes Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802), das an der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) befestigt ist, wobei das laminierte Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) einen Querschnittverbund eines Verstärkungsmaterials aus Fasern aufweist, welche zumindest ein Material aufweisen, welches aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aramidfasern, S-Glas, E-Glas, Polypropylen, und UHMWPE ausgewählt ist, und in Kombination mit einem harzbasierenden Polymer-Bindermaterial vorliegt, und
    wobei die zumindest eine metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte eine nahegelegene metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte aufweist, die nahe an dem laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial angeordnet ist, wobei die metallische Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) durch eine maximale Entfernung von 30,48 cm (12 inch) zum Definieren eines Abstands vom Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterial (120; 220; 802) getrennt ist, und wobei das Struktur-Armierungssystem ein Gewicht im Bereich von bis zu ca. 170,9 kg/m2 (35 psf) besitzt, und
    wobei das Struktur-Armierungssystem aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einem armierten Sattelanhänger, einem armierten Aufliegersystem, einem armierten Schiffscontainer und einem armierten Raketenbehälter ausgewählt ist,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    eine umweltunempfindliche Schicht (704; 804), welche ein direkt auf die Oberfläche des laminierten Verstärkungs-Verbundmaterials (120; 220; 802) aufgebrachtes Polymer oder Metall aufweist, die der metallischen Aufprallseiten-Platte (110; 210; 803) zugewandt ist.
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