EP3118406A1 - Stabilized profile and thermally insulated profile comprising such stabilized profile - Google Patents

Stabilized profile and thermally insulated profile comprising such stabilized profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3118406A1
EP3118406A1 EP16179827.7A EP16179827A EP3118406A1 EP 3118406 A1 EP3118406 A1 EP 3118406A1 EP 16179827 A EP16179827 A EP 16179827A EP 3118406 A1 EP3118406 A1 EP 3118406A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
strip
substrate
extending
longitudinal direction
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Granted
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EP16179827.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3118406B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Lahbib
Jean-Hugues Fortier
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Hydro Extruded Solutions AS
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Sapa AS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B3/26301—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating strips between two metal section members
    • E06B3/26303—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating strips between two metal section members with thin strips, e.g. defining a hollow space between the metal section members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stabilized section in particular for the constitution of a thermal break profile and a method for the manufacture of such a profile.
  • the invention is more particularly dedicated to the field of carpentry.
  • the figure 1 relative to the prior art shows schematically, in a sectional view a thermal break profile.
  • a profile is a composite assembly comprising two metal sections (101, 102) separated by strips (103) made of a thermally insulating rigid material, such as a polymer.
  • the metal sections (101, 102) are, for example, made of steel or an aluminum alloy.
  • the bars (103) are, for example, made of extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC). According to examples of embodiment of the prior art, said bars are in the form of blades crimped between the faces of the metal profiles or in the form of a sectional section closed and partitioned, these embodiments being combined according to some embodiments.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • Such a thermal break profile is used in particular for the constitution of metal frames, for example for the constitution of the frame or the opening of a window on the facade of a building, one of the metal profiles being directed outwards and the other section towards the interior of the building.
  • the document EP 2,186,985 shows an embodiment of such a thermal break profile adapted to the constitution of a frame.
  • the two metal profiles are not subjected to the same temperature and this temperature can not equilibrate between said profiles because of the thermal barrier provided, by design, by the bars.
  • This temperature difference leads to mechanical stresses of the assembly, in particular because of the temperature differences of each of the components of the assembly in complete connection with each other, in proportion to the temperature reached by each of the components.
  • These mechanical stresses of thermal origin lead to a bending of the thermal break profile, a phenomenon commonly referred to as "bimetallic effect". This effect occurs both during the use of a product constructed from such a bridge break section thermal, for example a window, during the manufacturing process of said profile, for example, following a lacquering operation during which the assembly is subjected to relatively high temperatures. In certain circumstances, bending is irreversible.
  • the document FR 2,717,558 discloses a profile whose flexural stiffness is improved by the insertion of a rigid bending core into a partitioned cavity of the profile.
  • the biasing of the section thus reinforced in flexion, solicits the profile and the core thus increasing the flexural rigidity of the assembly.
  • the core and the profile are not linked with respect to tensile stresses.
  • the document FR 2 861 764 discloses a thermal break profile for the realization of a joinery and having a profile stabilized vis-à-vis the thermal expansion. Said stabilized section is connected by riveting or bolting to a reinforcing means, consisting of a flat steel profile, to limit the expansion of said section.
  • This technical solution requires a complex assembly, weighed down the joinery both in terms of mass and aesthetic point of view, is likely to create couples of galvanic corrosion with the material constituting the profile and is difficult to apply on the face of a profile that is not flat
  • the document FR 3 011 870 discloses a thermal break profile comprising a reinforcing piece to limit the bimetallic effect of the profile. Said reinforcing piece is placed between the outer profile and the inner profile of the thermal break profile and constitutes a rigid thermal insulation strip.
  • the high modulus of elasticity of the fibers of the sheet makes it possible to use a very thin sheet which is easily fixed and conforms to the shape of the surface to which it is attached.
  • the fibrous web comprises fibers whose coefficient of thermal expansion is negative.
  • the effect of the ability of the fibrous web to counter the thermal expansion of the substrate profile is further improved.
  • the fibrous web comprises carbon fibers.
  • These fibers advantageously have a very high longitudinal modulus of elasticity and a coefficient of negative thermal expansion. Moreover their machining is relatively easy thus allowing the profiling to be lengthened without the use of special tools.
  • the substrate profile consists of a metallic material or a polymer.
  • step i) of the method that is the subject of the invention is carried out by bonding the fiber ply to the face of the profile, this variant being adapted to any type of substrate profile, or when the substrate profile is consisting of a polymer, step i) is carried out according to another variant during a pultrusion operation of said profile.
  • a thermal break profile comprises two sections (101, 101), for example metal, separated by strips (103) made of a thermally insulating rigid material, which bars are assembled, for example by crimping, in complete connections to each of the profiles (101, 102) metal.
  • the bars (103) consist of a sectional section section.
  • the view of the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view, in practice the profiles (101, 102) metal and the bars (12) take more complex forms.
  • one of the profiles (101) is oriented outwardly and the other (102) towards the interior of the building on which is mounted said frame.
  • the two profiles (101, 102) metal are not subjected to the same temperature and the bars are designed to oppose any heat transfer between the two profiles whether by conduction, convection or radiation.
  • the difference of temperature between the outward oriented profile of the building and the profile facing the interior of the building is under certain circumstances higher than 50 ° C.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum alloys is of the order of 25 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 , such a temperature difference is likely to produce a differential elongation of 1.25 mm per linear meter of profile.
  • the invention uses a profile (200), metal or thermoplastic said stabilized.
  • a profile comprises a section (201) substrate on which a strip (210), said holding strip extending longitudinally over a majority of the length of the profile (201) substrate, is fixed on one of its faces.
  • Said holding strip (210) consists of a material whose longitudinal elastic modulus, or Young's modulus, is greater than that of the material constituting the profile, at least 1.5 times greater, and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is less than that of the material constituting the profile, at least 3 times lower.
  • the holding strip consists of a unidirectional fibrous web.
  • a sheet is easily attached to one of the faces of the profile, for example by gluing, even if said face is not flat.
  • said sheet comprises or consists entirely of fibers with high elastic modulus and negative coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • carbon fibers or aramid fibers can be used for this purpose.
  • said fibers are combined with glass fibers.
  • Figure 3 such a stabilized profile is advantageously used in an assembly constituting a profile (321, 322) thermal break.
  • the retaining strip (311) is attached to one of the faces of one of the metal profiles, which profile (301) is substrate profile office. Without being bound by any theory, it seems preferable to strengthen by a holding band the profile (301) substrate outwardly the latter being subjected to the greatest temperature variations due to its exposure to climatic conditions.
  • the holding band is preferably placed on a hidden face of said substrate profile for aesthetic reasons.
  • Figure 3B according to another embodiment, compatible with the previous, the band (312) of maintenance is reported on a face of the section (303) constituting the insulating strips, which then serves as a substrate profile.
  • the use of a fibrous web makes it possible to bring back the holding strip on this profile by gluing or continuous welding, in particular during the extrusion process of the substrate profile (303) or by pultrusion.
  • Figure 4 for example, a profile with a thermal break of a length of 2 meters, corresponding to the constructive principle of the figure 3A comprising 2 aluminum alloy profiles separated by PVC strips, is tested by introducing a difference in exposure temperature between the two metal sections.
  • One of the metal profiles is stabilized by a retaining band section 50x2 mm 2 reported on one of its faces.
  • the axis (401) of the abscissae represents the difference in temperature, in kelvin, imposed between the two metal sections, and the axis (402) of the ordinates corresponds to the maximum deflection, in mm, measured over the length of the section to rupture. thermal bridge.
  • the highest curve (400) represents the result obtained on the control profile that is to say the thermal break profile having no holding strip on any of the profiles.
  • Joining said steel strip by gluing further improves the result (412).
  • the bonding connection over the entire length of the substrate profile produces a better mechanical coupling between the substrate profile and the holding strip.
  • a holding tape consisting of a unidirectional sheet of THR 3000 type carbon fibers whose module elastic band is 170 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion, negative, of -1.3.10 -6 K -1 , glued on one of the faces of the metal section, makes it possible to reduce the deflection (420) by 2/3 compared to to the control profile.
  • a reinforcement band made of THM-450 type carbon fibers whose elastic modulus is 450 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion of -1.3.10 -6 K -1 makes it possible to keep an arrow (430) of the order of 0.3 mm over the entire test range.
  • the description above and the exemplary embodiments show that the invention achieves the aim of knowing that it makes it possible to stabilize a thermal break profile with respect to temperature differences by eliminating the effect bimetal.
  • the above examples relate to a thermal break profile whose inner and outer profiles are made of a metal alloy the invention applies to the case where the inner and outer profiles consist of a polymer or when one of these profiles consists of a polymer and the other of a metal alloy.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un Profilé (321, 322) à rupture de pont thermique comprenant : - un profilé, dit profilé (301) extérieur, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale ; - un profilé (302), dit profilé intérieur, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale ; - une barrette (303) constituée d'un matériau rigide et thermiquement isolant séparant ,en section, le profilé intérieur et le profilé extérieur ; - caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une bande (210, 311, 312), dite bande de maintien, consistant en une nappe fibreuse unidirectionnelle s'étendant longitudinalement et fixée sur l'une des faces d'un des profilés intérieur ou extérieur, dit profilé substrat, les fibres de la nappe fibreuse constituant la bande étant orientées parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du profilé, la bande de maintient ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui de tous les matériaux constituant les profilés intérieur, extérieur et la barrette et un module d'élasticité longitudinal supérieur à celui de chacun de ces matériaux.The invention relates to a thermal break profile (321, 322) comprising: - A profile, said profile (301) outside, extending in a longitudinal direction; - A profile (302), said inner profile, extending in a longitudinal direction; - A strip (303) made of a rigid and thermally insulating material separating, in section, the inner profile and the outer profile; - characterized in that it comprises a strip (210, 311, 312), said retaining strip, consisting of a unidirectionally extending fibrous sheet extending longitudinally and fixed on one of the faces of one of the inner or outer profiles, said substrate profile, the fibers of the fibrous web constituting the strip being oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the profile, the retaining strip having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of all the materials constituting the inner and outer profiles and the strip and a modulus of elasticity greater than that of each of these materials.

Description

L'invention concerne un profilé stabilisé notamment pour la constitution d'un profilé à rupture pont thermique et un procédé pour la fabrication d'un tel profilé. L'invention est plus particulièrement dédiée au domaine de la menuiserie.The invention relates to a stabilized section in particular for the constitution of a thermal break profile and a method for the manufacture of such a profile. The invention is more particularly dedicated to the field of carpentry.

La figure 1, relative à l'art antérieur représente schématiquement, selon une vue en section un profilé à rupture de pont thermique. Un tel profilé est un assemblage composite comportant deux profilés métalliques (101, 102) séparés par des barrettes (103) constituées d'un matériau rigide isolant thermiquement, comme un polymère. Les profilés (101, 102) métalliques sont, par exemple, constitués d'acier ou d'un alliage d'aluminium. Les barrettes (103) sont, par exemple, constituées de polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) extrudé. Selon des exemples de réalisation de l'art antérieur, lesdites barrettes se présentent sous la forme de lames, serties entre les faces des profilés métalliques ou encore sous la forme d'un profilé de section fermée et cloisonnée, ces exemples de réalisation étant combinés selon certains modes de réalisation. Un tel profilé à rupture de pont thermique est utilisé notamment pour la constitution d'huisseries métalliques, par exemple pour la constitution du dormant ou de l'ouvrant d'une fenêtre sur la façade d'un bâtiment, l'un des profilés métalliques étant dirigé vers l'extérieur et l'autre profilé vers l'intérieur du bâtiment.The figure 1 , relative to the prior art shows schematically, in a sectional view a thermal break profile. Such a profile is a composite assembly comprising two metal sections (101, 102) separated by strips (103) made of a thermally insulating rigid material, such as a polymer. The metal sections (101, 102) are, for example, made of steel or an aluminum alloy. The bars (103) are, for example, made of extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC). According to examples of embodiment of the prior art, said bars are in the form of blades crimped between the faces of the metal profiles or in the form of a sectional section closed and partitioned, these embodiments being combined according to some embodiments. Such a thermal break profile is used in particular for the constitution of metal frames, for example for the constitution of the frame or the opening of a window on the facade of a building, one of the metal profiles being directed outwards and the other section towards the interior of the building.

Le document EP 2 186 985 montre un exemple de réalisation d'un tel profilé à rupture de pont thermique adapté à la constitution d'un dormant.The document EP 2,186,985 shows an embodiment of such a thermal break profile adapted to the constitution of a frame.

Aussi, les deux profilés métalliques ne sont pas soumis à la même température et cette température ne peut pas s'équilibrer entre lesdits profilés du fait de la barrière thermique procurée, à dessein, par les barrettes. Cet écart de température conduit à des sollicitations mécaniques de l'ensemble, notamment du fait des différences de température de chacun des composants de l'assemblage en liaison complète les uns par rapport aux autres, en proportion de la température atteinte par chacun des composants. Ces sollicitations mécaniques d'origine thermique conduisent à un cintrage du profilé à rupture de pont thermique, phénomène communément désigné comme « effet bilame ». Cet effet se produit tant au cours de l'utilisation d'un produit construit à partir d'un tel profilé à rupture de pont thermique, par exemple une fenêtre, qu'au cours du procédé de fabrication dudit profilé, par exemple, à la suite d'une opération de laquage au cours de laquelle l'assemblage est soumis à des températures relativement élevées. Dans certaines circonstances, le cintrage est irréversible.Also, the two metal profiles are not subjected to the same temperature and this temperature can not equilibrate between said profiles because of the thermal barrier provided, by design, by the bars. This temperature difference leads to mechanical stresses of the assembly, in particular because of the temperature differences of each of the components of the assembly in complete connection with each other, in proportion to the temperature reached by each of the components. These mechanical stresses of thermal origin lead to a bending of the thermal break profile, a phenomenon commonly referred to as "bimetallic effect". This effect occurs both during the use of a product constructed from such a bridge break section thermal, for example a window, during the manufacturing process of said profile, for example, following a lacquering operation during which the assembly is subjected to relatively high temperatures. In certain circumstances, bending is irreversible.

Le document FR 2 717 558 décrit un profilé dont la rigidité en flexion est améliorée par l'insertion d'un noyau rigide en flexion dans une cavité cloisonnée du profilé. La sollicitation du profilé ainsi renforcé en flexion, sollicite le profilé et le noyau augmentant ainsi la rigidité en flexion de l'ensemble. Le noyau et le profilé ne sont pas liés vis-à-vis des sollicitations de traction.The document FR 2,717,558 discloses a profile whose flexural stiffness is improved by the insertion of a rigid bending core into a partitioned cavity of the profile. The biasing of the section thus reinforced in flexion, solicits the profile and the core thus increasing the flexural rigidity of the assembly. The core and the profile are not linked with respect to tensile stresses.

Le document FR 2 861 764 divulgue un profilé à rupture de pont thermique destiné à la réalisation d'un ouvrage de menuiserie et comportant un profilé stabilisé vis-à-vis de la dilatation thermique. Ledit profilé stabilisé est lié par rivetage ou boulonnage à un moyen de renfort, constitué d'un profilé plat en acier, visant à limiter la dilatation dudit profilé. Cette solution technique nécessite un assemblage complexe, alourdie la menuiserie à la fois en terme de masse et un point de vue esthétique, est susceptible de créer ds couples de corrosion galvanique avec le matériau constituant le profilé et est difficile à appliquer sur la face d'un profilé qui n'est pas planeThe document FR 2 861 764 discloses a thermal break profile for the realization of a joinery and having a profile stabilized vis-à-vis the thermal expansion. Said stabilized section is connected by riveting or bolting to a reinforcing means, consisting of a flat steel profile, to limit the expansion of said section. This technical solution requires a complex assembly, weighed down the joinery both in terms of mass and aesthetic point of view, is likely to create couples of galvanic corrosion with the material constituting the profile and is difficult to apply on the face of a profile that is not flat

Le document FR 3 011 870 divulgue un profilé à rupture de pont thermique comprenant une pièce renfort visant à limiter l'effet bilame du profilé. Ladite pièce de renfort est placée entre le profilé extérieur et le profilé intérieur du profilé à rupture de pont thermique et constitue une barrette rigide d'isolation thermique.The document FR 3 011 870 discloses a thermal break profile comprising a reinforcing piece to limit the bimetallic effect of the profile. Said reinforcing piece is placed between the outer profile and the inner profile of the thermal break profile and constitutes a rigid thermal insulation strip.

L'invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients de l'art antérieur et concerne à cette fin un profilé à rupture de pont thermique, notamment pour la menuiserie, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale, lequel profilé comporte :

  • un profilé, dit profilé extérieur, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale ;
  • un profilé, dit profilé intérieur, s'étendant selon une direction long itudinale ;
  • une barrette constituée d'un matériau rigide et thermiquement isolant séparant ,en section, le profilé intérieur et le profilé extérieur ;
  • caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une bande, dite bande de maintien, consistant en une nappe fibreuse unidirectionnelle s'étendant longitudinalement et fixée sur l'une des faces d'un des profilés intérieur ou extérieur, dit profilé substrat, les fibres de la nappe fibreuse constituant la bande étant orientées parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du profilé, la bande de maintien ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui de tous les matériaux constituant les profilés intérieur, extérieur et la barrette et un module d'élasticité longitudinal supérieur à celui de chacun de ces matériaux.
The invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the prior art and concerns for this purpose a thermal break profile, particularly for joinery, extending in a longitudinal direction, which profile comprises:
  • a profile, said outer section, extending in a longitudinal direction;
  • a profile, said inner section, extending in a longitudinal direction;
  • a bar made of a rigid and thermally insulating material separating, in section, the inner profile and the outer profile;
  • characterized in that it comprises a strip, called said holding strip, consisting of a unidirectionally extending fibrous sheet extending longitudinally and fixed on one of the faces of one of the inner or outer profiles. outside, said substrate section, the fibers of the fibrous web constituting the strip being oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the profile, the holding band having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of all the materials constituting the inner, outer and outer profiles; bar and a modulus of elasticity greater than that of each of these materials.

Ainsi, la bande de maintien fixée sur l'une des faces d'un des profilé constituant le profié objet de l'invention contre les variations dimensionnelles d'origine thermique du profilé substrat et supprime l'effet bilame. Le haut module d'élasticité des fibres de la nappe permet d'utiliser une nappe très fine qui est facilement fixée et se conforme à la forme de la surface sur laquelle elle est rapportée.Thus, the retaining band attached to one of the faces of one of the profile constituting the profie object of the invention against the dimensional variations of thermal origin of the substrate profile and eliminates the bimetallic effect. The high modulus of elasticity of the fibers of the sheet makes it possible to use a very thin sheet which is easily fixed and conforms to the shape of the surface to which it is attached.

L'invention est avantageusement mise en oeuvre selon les modes de réalisations et les variantes exposés ci-après, lesquels sont à considérer individuellement ou selon toute combinaison techniquement opérante.The invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments and variants described below, which are to be considered individually or in any technically operative combination.

Avantageusement la nappe fibreuse comprend des fibres dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est négatif. Ainsi, l'effet de la capacité de la nappe fibreuse de contrer la dilatation thermique du profilé substrat est encore améliorée.Advantageously, the fibrous web comprises fibers whose coefficient of thermal expansion is negative. Thus, the effect of the ability of the fibrous web to counter the thermal expansion of the substrate profile is further improved.

Selon un mode avantageux de réalisation, la nappe fibreuse comprend des fibres de carbone. Ces fibres présentent avantageusement un module d'élasticité longitudinal très élevé et un coefficient d'expansion thermique négatif. De plus leur usinage est relativement facile permettant ainsi la mise à longueur du profilé sans l'utilisation d'outils spéciaux.According to an advantageous embodiment, the fibrous web comprises carbon fibers. These fibers advantageously have a very high longitudinal modulus of elasticity and a coefficient of negative thermal expansion. Moreover their machining is relatively easy thus allowing the profiling to be lengthened without the use of special tools.

Selon des variantes de réalisation, le profilé substrat est constitué d'un matériau métallique ou d'un polymère.According to alternative embodiments, the substrate profile consists of a metallic material or a polymer.

L'invention concerne également un procédé pour la fabrication d'un profilé stabilisé, lequel procédé comporte une étape consistant à :

  1. i. rapporter une nappe de fibres unidirectionnelles s'étendant longitudinalement sur une des faces du profilé substrat.
The invention also relates to a method for producing a stabilized profile, which method comprises a step of:
  1. i. report a web of unidirectional fibers extending longitudinally on one of the faces of the substrate profile.

Selon des variantes de réalisation, l'étape i) du procédé objet de l'invention est réalisée par collage de la nappe de fibres sur la face du profilé, cette variante étant adaptée à toute nature de profilé substrat, ou lorsque le profilé substrat est constitué d'un polymère, l'étape i) est réalisée selon une autre variante au cours d'une opération de pultrusion dudit profilé.According to alternative embodiments, step i) of the method that is the subject of the invention is carried out by bonding the fiber ply to the face of the profile, this variant being adapted to any type of substrate profile, or when the substrate profile is consisting of a polymer, step i) is carried out according to another variant during a pultrusion operation of said profile.

L'invention est exposée ci-après selon ses modes de réalisation préférés, nullement limitatifs, et en référence aux figures 1 à 4, dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1, relative à l'art antérieur, représente selon une vue schématique en section un exemple de réalisation un profilé à rupture de pont thermique ;
  • la figure 2 montre selon une vue schématique en section un exemple de réalisation d'un profilé stabilisé selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en section de deux exemples de réalisation d'un profilé à rupture de pont thermique utilisant un profilé stabilisé selon l'invention, figure 3A l'un des profilés métalliques étant utilisé comme profilé substrat pourfixer la bande de maintien, figure 3B, le profilé constituant les barrettes isolantes étant utilisé comme profilé substrat sur lequel est rapportée la bande de maintien ;
  • et la figure 4 montre un diagramme comparatif du cintrage d'un profilé à rupture de pont thermique selon différents modes de réalisation de l'invention lorsque ledit profilé est soumis à une différence de température entre le profilé métallique intérieur et le profilé métallique extérieur.
The invention is explained below according to its preferred embodiments, which are in no way limiting, and with reference to Figures 1 to 4 , in which :
  • the figure 1 , relative to the prior art, shows in schematic sectional view an embodiment of a thermal break profile;
  • the figure 2 shows in schematic sectional view an embodiment of a stabilized section according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of two embodiments of a thermal break profile using a stabilized section according to the invention, figure 3A one of the metal profiles being used as a substrate profile for fixing the holding strip, figure 3B , the section constituting the insulating strips being used as a substrate profile on which the holding strip is attached;
  • and the figure 4 shows a comparative diagram of the bending of a thermal break profile according to different embodiments of the invention when said profile is subjected to a temperature difference between the inner metal section and the outer metal section.

Figure 1, selon un exemple de réalisation de l'art antérieur déjà discuté précédemment un profilé à rupture de pont thermique comprend deux profilés (101, 101), par exemple métalliques, séparés par des barrettes (103) constituées d'un matériau rigide thermiquement isolant, lesquelles barrettes sont assemblées, par exemple par sertissage, selon des liaisons complètes à chacun des profilés (101, 102) métalliques. Selon cet exemple de réalisation les barrettes (103) sont constituées d'un profilé de section cloisonnée. La vue de la figure 1 est une vue en section schématique, en pratique les profilés (101, 102) métalliques et les barrettes (12) prennent des formes plus complexes. Lorsqu'un tel profilé est utilisé pour réaliser une huisserie, l'un des profilés (101) est orienté vers l'extérieur et l'autre (102) vers l'intérieur du bâtiment sur lequel est montée ladite huisserie. Aussi les deux profilés (101, 102) métalliques ne sont pas soumis à la même température et les barrettes sont conçues pour s'opposer à tout transfert thermique entre les deux profilés que ce soit par conduction, convection ou rayonnement. En utilisation, lorsqu'un tel profilé est utilisé pour la constitution d'une huisserie, la différence de température entre le profilé orienté vers l'extérieur du bâtiment et le profilé orienté vers l'intérieur du bâtiment, est dans certaines circonstances supérieure à 50 °C. Le coefficient de dilatation thermique des alliages d'aluminium étant de l'ordre de 25.10-6K-1, une telle différence de température est susceptible de produire une élongation différentielle de 1,25 mm par mètre linéaire de profilé. Les deux profilés étant liés par les barrettes, cette élongation différentielle se traduit par un cintrage du profilé (100) à rupture de pont thermique dont la concavité est tournée vers le côté le plus froid, soit vers l'extérieur en hiver et vers l'intérieur en été. Ce phénomène de dilatation différentielle est dit effet bilame, et bien qu'essentiellement réversible, il n'en produit pas moins des difficultés vis-à-vis de l'étanchéité des huisseries et des sollicitations mécaniques des composants tels que les paumelles et les serrures. Figure 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment of the prior art already discussed previously a thermal break profile comprises two sections (101, 101), for example metal, separated by strips (103) made of a thermally insulating rigid material, which bars are assembled, for example by crimping, in complete connections to each of the profiles (101, 102) metal. According to this embodiment, the bars (103) consist of a sectional section section. The view of the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view, in practice the profiles (101, 102) metal and the bars (12) take more complex forms. When such a profile is used to make a frame, one of the profiles (101) is oriented outwardly and the other (102) towards the interior of the building on which is mounted said frame. Also the two profiles (101, 102) metal are not subjected to the same temperature and the bars are designed to oppose any heat transfer between the two profiles whether by conduction, convection or radiation. In use, when such a profile is used for the constitution of a frame, the difference of temperature between the outward oriented profile of the building and the profile facing the interior of the building, is under certain circumstances higher than 50 ° C. As the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum alloys is of the order of 25 × 10 -6 K -1 , such a temperature difference is likely to produce a differential elongation of 1.25 mm per linear meter of profile. The two sections being connected by the bars, this differential elongation results in a bending of the profile (100) thermal break with the concavity is turned towards the colder side, or outward in winter and to the interior in summer. This phenomenon of differential expansion is called bimetallic effect, and although it is essentially reversible, it nonetheless produces difficulties with respect to the sealing of door frames and the mechanical stresses of components such as hinges and locks. .

Figure 2, afin de contrer l'ensemble de ces effets, l'invention utilise un profilé (200), métallique ou thermoplastique dit stabilisé. Un tel profilé comprend un profilé (201) substrat sur lequel une bande (210), dite bande de maintien s'étendant longitudinalement sur une majorité de la longueur du profilé (201) substrat, est fixée sur l'une de ses faces. Ladite bande (210) de maintien est constituée d'un matériau dont le module d'élasticité longitudinal, ou module d'Young, est supérieur à celui du matériau constituant le profilé, au minimum 1,5 fois supérieur, et dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est inférieur à celui du matériau constituant le profilé, au moins 3 fois inférieur. Figure 2 , in order to counter all of these effects, the invention uses a profile (200), metal or thermoplastic said stabilized. Such a profile comprises a section (201) substrate on which a strip (210), said holding strip extending longitudinally over a majority of the length of the profile (201) substrate, is fixed on one of its faces. Said holding strip (210) consists of a material whose longitudinal elastic modulus, or Young's modulus, is greater than that of the material constituting the profile, at least 1.5 times greater, and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is less than that of the material constituting the profile, at least 3 times lower.

De manière avantageuse la bande de maintien est constituée d'une nappe fibreuse unidirectionnelle. Une telle nappe est facilement rapportée sur une des faces du profilé, par exemple par collage, même si ladite face n'est pas plane. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, ladite nappe comprend ou est entièrement constituée de fibres à haut module élastique et à coefficient de dilatation thermique négatif. À titre d'exemple non limitatif des fibres de carbone ou des fibres d'aramide sont utilisables à cette fin. Selon des variantes de réalisation, lesdites fibres sont combinées avec des fibres de verre.Advantageously, the holding strip consists of a unidirectional fibrous web. Such a sheet is easily attached to one of the faces of the profile, for example by gluing, even if said face is not flat. According to an advantageous embodiment, said sheet comprises or consists entirely of fibers with high elastic modulus and negative coefficient of thermal expansion. By way of non-limiting example, carbon fibers or aramid fibers can be used for this purpose. According to alternative embodiments, said fibers are combined with glass fibers.

Figure 3, un tel profilé stabilisé est avantageusement utilisé dans un assemblage constituant un profilé (321, 322) à rupture de pont thermique. Figure 3 such a stabilized profile is advantageously used in an assembly constituting a profile (321, 322) thermal break.

Figure 3A, selon un exemple de réalisation la bande (311) de maintien est rapportée sur l'une des faces d'un des profilés métallique, lequel profilé (301) fait office de profilé substrat. Sans être lié par une quelconque théorie, il apparaît préférable de renforcer par une bande de maintien le profilé (301) substrat dirigé vers l'extérieur celui-ci étant soumis aux plus grandes variations de température du fait de son exposition aux conditions climatiques. La bande de maintien est préférentiellement placée sur une face cachée dudit profilé substrat pour des raisons esthétiques. Figure 3A according to an exemplary embodiment, the retaining strip (311) is attached to one of the faces of one of the metal profiles, which profile (301) is substrate profile office. Without being bound by any theory, it seems preferable to strengthen by a holding band the profile (301) substrate outwardly the latter being subjected to the greatest temperature variations due to its exposure to climatic conditions. The holding band is preferably placed on a hidden face of said substrate profile for aesthetic reasons.

Figure 3B, selon un autre exemple de réalisation, compatible avec le précédent, la bande (312) de maintien est rapportée sur une face du profilé (303) constituant les barrettes isolantes, lequel fait alors office de profilé substrat. L'utilisation d'une nappe fibreuse permet de rapporter la bande de maintien sur ce profilé par collage ou soudage continu, notamment au cours du procédé d'extrusion du profilé (303) substrat ou encore par pultrusion. Figure 3B , according to another embodiment, compatible with the previous, the band (312) of maintenance is reported on a face of the section (303) constituting the insulating strips, which then serves as a substrate profile. The use of a fibrous web makes it possible to bring back the holding strip on this profile by gluing or continuous welding, in particular during the extrusion process of the substrate profile (303) or by pultrusion.

Figure 4, à titre d'exemple, un profilé à rupture de pont thermique, d'une longueur de 2 mètres, correspondant au principe constructif de la figure 3A comprenant 2 profilés en alliage d'aluminium séparés par des barrettes en PVC, est testé en introduisant une différence de température d'exposition entre les deux profilés métalliques. L'un des profilés métalliques est stabilisé par une bande de maintien de section 50x2 mm2 rapportée sur l'une de ses faces. L'axe (401) des abscisses représente l'écart de température, en kelvin, imposé entre les deux profilés métalliques, et l'axe (402) des ordonnées correspond la flèche maximale, en mm, mesurée sur la longueur du profilé à rupture de pont thermique. La courbe la plus élevée (400) représente le résultat obtenu sur le profilé témoin c'est-à-dire le profilé à rupture de pont thermique ne comprenant aucune bande de maintien sur aucun des profilés. En fixant, sur l'un des profilés en alliage d'aluminium, une bande de maintien en acier d'un coefficient de dilatation thermique de 12.10-6 K-1 et de module élastique de 200 GPa (200.109 Pa) par boulonnage, l'effet (411) de l'écart thermique entre les deux profilés en aluminium est réduit de moitié par rapport au profilé témoin. L'assemblage de ladite bande d'acier par collage permet encore d'améliorer le résultat (412). Sans être lié par une explication, la liaison par collage sur toute la longueur du profilé substrat produit un meilleur couplage mécanique entre le profilé substrat et la bande de maintien. L'utilisation d'une bande de maintien constituée d'une nappe unidirectionnelle de fibres de carbone de type THR 3000 dont le module élastique est de 170 GPa et le coefficient de dilatation thermique, négatif, de -1,3.10-6K-1, collée sur l'une des faces du profilé métallique, permet de réduire la flèche (420) de 2/3 par rapport au profilé témoin. Finalement, l'utilisation d'une bande de renfort constituée de fibres de carbone de type THM-450 dont le module élastique est de 450 GPa et le coefficient de dilatation thermique de -1,3.10-6 K-1 permet de conserver une flèche (430) de l'ordre de 0,3 mm sur toute la gamme d'essai. Les résultats ci-avant montrent que l'invention utilise la combinaison du haut module d'élasticité de la bande de maintien, de sa faible dilatation thermique et de son couplage en traction avec le profilé substrat pour produire le résultat visé. Cet effet de maintien et de renfort est également constaté lors des opérations de laquage du profilé à rupture de pont thermique. Figure 4 , for example, a profile with a thermal break of a length of 2 meters, corresponding to the constructive principle of the figure 3A comprising 2 aluminum alloy profiles separated by PVC strips, is tested by introducing a difference in exposure temperature between the two metal sections. One of the metal profiles is stabilized by a retaining band section 50x2 mm 2 reported on one of its faces. The axis (401) of the abscissae represents the difference in temperature, in kelvin, imposed between the two metal sections, and the axis (402) of the ordinates corresponds to the maximum deflection, in mm, measured over the length of the section to rupture. thermal bridge. The highest curve (400) represents the result obtained on the control profile that is to say the thermal break profile having no holding strip on any of the profiles. Fixing, on one of the aluminum alloy profiles, a steel support strip with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12 × 10 -6 K -1 and an elastic modulus of 200 GPa (200 × 10 9 Pa) by bolting, the effect (411) of the thermal gap between the two aluminum profiles is halved compared to the control profile. Joining said steel strip by gluing further improves the result (412). Without being bound by an explanation, the bonding connection over the entire length of the substrate profile produces a better mechanical coupling between the substrate profile and the holding strip. The use of a holding tape consisting of a unidirectional sheet of THR 3000 type carbon fibers whose module elastic band is 170 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion, negative, of -1.3.10 -6 K -1 , glued on one of the faces of the metal section, makes it possible to reduce the deflection (420) by 2/3 compared to to the control profile. Finally, the use of a reinforcement band made of THM-450 type carbon fibers whose elastic modulus is 450 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion of -1.3.10 -6 K -1 makes it possible to keep an arrow (430) of the order of 0.3 mm over the entire test range. The above results show that the invention uses the combination of the high modulus of elasticity of the holding band, its low thermal expansion and its traction coupling with the substrate profile to produce the desired result. This holding and reinforcing effect is also observed during lacquering operations of the thermal break profile.

La description ci-avant et les exemples de réalisation, montrent que l'invention atteint le but visé, à savoir qu'elle permet de stabiliser un profilé à rupture de pont thermique vis-à-vis des écarts de température en supprimant l'effet bilame. Bien que les exemples ci avant concerne un profilé à rupture de pont thermique dont les profilés intérieurs et extérieurs sont constitués d'un alliage métallique l'invention s'applique au cas où les profilés intérieur et extérieur sont constitués d'un polymère ou encore lorsque l'un de ces profilés est constitué d'un polymère et l'autre d'un alliage métallique.The description above and the exemplary embodiments show that the invention achieves the aim of knowing that it makes it possible to stabilize a thermal break profile with respect to temperature differences by eliminating the effect bimetal. Although the above examples relate to a thermal break profile whose inner and outer profiles are made of a metal alloy the invention applies to the case where the inner and outer profiles consist of a polymer or when one of these profiles consists of a polymer and the other of a metal alloy.

Claims (7)

Profilé (321, 322) à rupture de pont thermique comprenant : - un profilé, dit profilé (301) extérieur, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale ; - un profilé (302), dit profilé intérieur, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale ; - une barrette (303) constituée d'un matériau rigide et thermiquement isolant séparant ,en section, le profilé intérieur et le profilé extérieur ; - caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une bande (210, 311, 312), dite bande de maintien, consistant en une nappe fibreuse unidirectionnelle s'étendant longitudinalement et fixée sur l'une des faces d'un des profilés intérieur ou extérieur, dit profilé substrat, les fibres de la nappe fibreuse constituant la bande étant orientées parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du profilé, la bande de maintient ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui de tous les matériaux constituant les profilés intérieur, extérieur et la barrette et un module d'élasticité longitudinal supérieur à celui de chacun de ces matériaux. Thermal break profile (321, 322) comprising: - A profile, said profile (301) outside, extending in a longitudinal direction; - A profile (302), said inner profile, extending in a longitudinal direction; - A strip (303) made of a rigid and thermally insulating material separating, in section, the inner profile and the outer profile; - characterized in that it comprises a strip (210, 311, 312), said retaining strip, consisting of a unidirectionally extending fibrous sheet extending longitudinally and fixed on one of the faces of one of the inner or outer profiles, said substrate profile, the fibers of the fibrous web constituting the strip being oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the profile, the retaining strip having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of all the materials constituting the inner and outer profiles and the strip and a modulus of elasticity greater than that of each of these materials. Profilé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la nappe fibreuse comprend des fibres dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est négatif.The profile of claim 1, wherein the fibrous web comprises fibers having a thermal expansion coefficient of negative. Profilé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la nappe comprend des fibres de carbone.The profile of claim 2, wherein the web comprises carbon fibers. Profilé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le profilé substrat est constitué d'un matériau métallique.The profile of claim 1, wherein the substrate profile is made of a metallic material. Profilé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le profilé substrat est constitué d'un polymère.The profile of claim 1, wherein the substrate profile is made of a polymer. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un profilé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à : i. rapporter une nappe de fibres unidirectionnelles s'étendant longitudinalement sur une des faces du profilé substrat. Process for the production of a profile according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in: i. report a web of unidirectional fibers extending longitudinally on one of the faces of the substrate profile. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'étape i) est réalisée par collage de ladite nappe de fibres sur ladite face.The method of claim 6, wherein step i) is performed by bonding said fiber web to said face.
EP16179827.7A 2015-07-15 2016-07-15 Thermally insulated profile comprising an stabilized profile Active EP3118406B1 (en)

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FR1556689A FR3038963B1 (en) 2015-07-15 2015-07-15 PROFILE STABILIZED AND PROFILE A BREAK OF THERMAL BRIDGE COMPRISING SUCH A PROFILE

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2717558A1 (en) 1994-03-15 1995-09-22 Topham William Henry Structural element and its manufacturing process.
EP1054091A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-22 SA Schappe Unidirectional web of carbon fibers
FR2861764A1 (en) 2003-11-04 2005-05-06 Technal Thermal bridge rupturing device for fixed windows casement, has reinforcement unit made of steel having elasticity and expansion coefficients different from aluminum used to fabricate sections of inner and outer bodies of device
EP2186985A1 (en) 2008-11-14 2010-05-19 Norsk Hydro Asa Closure of a building comprising a frame with thermal-bridge breakage equipped with an L-shaped insulating profile.
FR3011870A1 (en) 2013-10-15 2015-04-17 Designal OPENING AMOUNT HAVING INTERNAL, OPENING REINFORCEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH OPENING AMOUNT

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2717558A1 (en) 1994-03-15 1995-09-22 Topham William Henry Structural element and its manufacturing process.
EP1054091A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-22 SA Schappe Unidirectional web of carbon fibers
FR2861764A1 (en) 2003-11-04 2005-05-06 Technal Thermal bridge rupturing device for fixed windows casement, has reinforcement unit made of steel having elasticity and expansion coefficients different from aluminum used to fabricate sections of inner and outer bodies of device
EP2186985A1 (en) 2008-11-14 2010-05-19 Norsk Hydro Asa Closure of a building comprising a frame with thermal-bridge breakage equipped with an L-shaped insulating profile.
FR3011870A1 (en) 2013-10-15 2015-04-17 Designal OPENING AMOUNT HAVING INTERNAL, OPENING REINFORCEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH OPENING AMOUNT

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FR3038963B1 (en) 2018-03-02
EP3118406B1 (en) 2018-12-12
ES2713259T3 (en) 2019-05-20

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