EP3114456A1 - Dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules d'un mélange de particules - Google Patents

Dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules d'un mélange de particules

Info

Publication number
EP3114456A1
EP3114456A1 EP15713384.4A EP15713384A EP3114456A1 EP 3114456 A1 EP3114456 A1 EP 3114456A1 EP 15713384 A EP15713384 A EP 15713384A EP 3114456 A1 EP3114456 A1 EP 3114456A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
measuring section
particle
camera
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15713384.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan KNOP
Sebastian Beil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microtrac Retsch GmbH
Original Assignee
Retsch Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Retsch Technology GmbH filed Critical Retsch Technology GmbH
Publication of EP3114456A1 publication Critical patent/EP3114456A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring depth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1429—Signal processing
    • G01N15/1433—Signal processing using image recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1456—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals
    • G01N15/1459—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals the analysis being performed on a sample stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N2015/1497—Particle shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for determining the particle sizes and / or the particle shapes of particles of a particle mixture with a feeding device which separates the particles of the particle mixture and then passes as a particle flow through a measuring section, a lighting device which on one side - the back - the Arranged measuring section and is directed to the measuring section to illuminate the particle flow in the measuring section from the back, a camera which is positioned on the opposite side of the illumination device of the measuring section and directed to the measuring section to shadow projections of the illuminated by the illumination device particles and with an evaluation unit, which determines the particle size and / or particle shape of the recorded particles based on the images of the camera.
  • the invention relates to a method for determining the particle size and / or particle shapes of particles of a particle mixture, in which the particles of the particle mixture are separated and then passed as particle flow through a measuring section, the particle flow is illuminated from the back of the measuring section by means of a lighting device , Shadow projections of the illuminated particles are taken from the front of the measuring section ago by means of a camera, and based on the images of the camera, the particle size and / or particle shape of the recorded particles is determined.
  • the measuring path is associated with a lighting device which is arranged on the back of the measuring section and directed to the measuring section in order to illuminate the particle flow in the measuring section from the back surface. Furthermore, a camera is provided, which is positioned on the front side of the measurement path opposite the illumination device and directed onto the measurement path in order to record shadow projections of the particles illuminated by the illumination device. From the shadow projection of each individual particle, dimensional and shape parameters can be determined with suitable evaluation programs. Shadow projections are generally well-suited for determining the outlines of a particle. A binarization of the recorded data is easy, since ideally only two events, namely light and dark, have to be considered. However, only limited information about the contour of the surface is obtained, as the camera-facing front of the recorded particles appears as a solid black area.
  • the advantage of the dynamic method is the measurement of a large amount of sample in a relatively short time. This results in a high statistical reliability of the measurement results.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that as a rule only a two-dimensional projection of a random orientation of each particle is detected. Since the results In the case of dynamic methods, the results are mostly compared with data from screenings, and there is a demand for the best possible correlation between screening and dynamic image processing.
  • the sieve mesh size of the sieves used is decisive for the so-called size class into which a particle is sorted. A particle can only pass through a sieve mesh if its smallest projection surface is smaller than the sieve mesh.
  • Static image processing methods have a high spatial resolution and can be operated both with reflected light and transmitted light.
  • the observed sample volume is small.
  • the particles to be examined are in a preferred orientation by being deposited on a slide. Thus, no statically distributed orientation of the individual particles is observed.
  • This disadvantage can be overcome by certain optical arrangements, such as the confocal micro- balance scopie.
  • the static image processing has the problem that only small sample volumes can be evaluated.
  • the object of the following invention is therefore to design an apparatus and a method for determining the particle sizes and / or the particle shapes of particles of a particle mixture of the type mentioned, which operate on the principle of dynamic image processing, so that in a simple manner additional data the geometry of the particles to be measured are obtained.
  • the camera is associated with a projection device, which is arranged on the front of the measuring section, directed to the measuring section and positioned at a triangulation angle ⁇ to the camera to a line of light on the particles of the particle flow in the measuring section to be projected, which is recorded by the camera, wherein from the shape of the light line in the evaluation unit depth information and / or geometric information about the detected particles are determined.
  • the object in a method of the type mentioned above is achieved by projecting a line of light onto the particles of the particle stream in the measuring path from the front of the measuring section by means of a projection device and recording the light line through the camera, wherein the shape of the Light line depth information and / or geometric information about the detected particles are determined.
  • the invention is thus based on the consideration, to determine the surface profile of the particles, the light section method, also called line triangulation, use.
  • This is a narrow line of light through a Projection device projected onto the front of the particles to be measured.
  • the projection device is correspondingly arranged on the front side of the measuring path, but positioned at an angle offset to the camera, so that the projection axis of the projection device is offset from the optical axis of the camera by a triangulation angle ⁇ .
  • the particle stream is usually guided in a direction Y in a straight line - for example in free fall - through the measuring section.
  • the projection device and the camera are then arranged such that the projection axis of the projection device and the optical axis of the camera lie in a direction perpendicular to the direction Y of the particle (horizontal) ⁇ , ⁇ -plane and offset in this plane at the triangulation angle ⁇ to each other are arranged.
  • the particle flow in the region of the measurement path is illuminated in a planar manner from the rear side thereof in order to generate a shadow projection, which is recorded with the camera from the front side of the measurement path.
  • a thin line of light is projected onto the particles in a narrow area of the camera field of view with the aid of the projection device. This line of light is partially scattered back by the falling particles, and the scattered light is detected by the camera.
  • both a depth information and a geometric information about the measured particles can then be obtained with a suitable evaluation software. Together with the contour information, which are obtained in a known manner from the shadow projection, can be calculated at sufficiently high frame rate of the camera a complete reconstruction of the camera facing side of the measured particles. By the relative movement of the particles to the generated light line and the camera a complete scan in the direction of movement Y of the particles is achieved.
  • a camera and a projection device associated with the camera are provided on the back of the measuring section to generate a light line on the back of the particles and to detect these, wherein from the shape of the light line in the evaluation Depth information and / or geometric information about the detected particles are determined.
  • an additional projection device and an additional camera are arranged on the rear side of the measuring section in order to generate a light line on the back side of the particles in the measuring section and record it and obtain contour information about the back side of the particles from the shape of the light line.
  • the camera and the projection device are arranged at the rear of the measuring path offset from one another at a triangulation angle ⁇ and are preferably arranged in a (horizontal) plane X, Z which is perpendicular to the direction of movement Y of the particles to be detected.
  • the arrangement is such that the projection axes of the two projection devices and the optical axes of the cameras at the front and back of the measuring section are all in a common ⁇ , ⁇ -plane.
  • the illumination device and the projection device on the back of the measuring section are expediently pulsed or clocked that they are active in alternation and thus the particles are illuminated either by the lighting device or by the projection device.
  • the particles are not illuminated by the illumination device when the projection line is generated, so that the light line from the camera at the rear of the measurement path can be well detected.
  • Suitable projection devices for generating a thin line of light at the front and / or at the back of the measuring path preferably comprise a laser and / or at least one LED as the light source.
  • lenses and / or diffractive optical elements are preferably used to generate the light line.
  • the projection devices on the front side and / or on the rear side of the measurement path can be configured to produce differently colored projection lines. It is known that different materials have divergent absorption and transmission properties. This directly affects the amount of backscattered light. It is therefore advantageous to have a large number of possible projection colors which, depending on the material of the particle mixture to be measured, can optionally be used to produce a light line.
  • a filter device to be provided upstream of the camera on the front side and / or on the rear side of the measurement path in order to filter out light which is produced by fluorescence excitation on the surface of the particles to be analyzed.
  • the filter means may comprise a high-pass and / or band-pass filter.
  • the filter device may also have filters in order to discriminate predetermined polarization directions of the light scattered by the particles in the measuring path, which may offer advantages in particular in the measurement of transparent particles.
  • the evaluation unit is designed to display the images of the lines of light generated by the projection device on the front side and / or on the back of the measurement section by suitable software filters and / or adaptation algorithms, in particular by subpixeling and / or or Gaussian adaptation, so that the highest possible resolution of the light lines is achieved. This refinement results in a high accuracy of the acquired depth or topography information.
  • the algorithmic determination of the light line is expedient for the algorithmic determination of the light line to define an area of interest (ROI English) within each recorded image. This considerably reduces the search effort for the evaluation program. In order to determine such areas, it is helpful to track particles using the shadow projections taken by the camera by evaluating successive images accordingly. In this way, one can predict when the tracked particles will enter the region of the light line and define corresponding ROIs in subsequently captured images in which the light line is evaluated.
  • ROI English area of interest
  • the feed device is designed to separate a mixture of particles above the measuring section and to generate a particle flow in the form of a particle curtain, which moves in free fall through the measuring section.
  • a rotation of the falling particles relative to the Fallebene is not desired here. Therefore, the feeder has Preferably means such as baffles on to counteract rotation of the falling particles relative to the Fallebene.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for determining the particle sizes and / or the particle shapes of particles of a particle mixture according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a shadow projection of a particle with a projected light line, which is obtained by using one of the devices according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a device for determining the particle sizes and / or the particle shapes of particles of a particle mixture according to the present invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a feed device 1 with a funnel-shaped storage container 2 for particulate bulk material and a conveyor device positioned below the outlet opening of the storage container 2 in the form of a vibrating plate 3, which serves to collect particles T falling from the storage container 2 and along the vibrating plate 3 for free Transport output end of the vibrating plate 3, where they fall from the vibrating plate 3.
  • a curtain-like particle flow is generated from vertical particles Y moving particles T in a Fallebene E.
  • the feeder 1 has means not shown, such as baffles, which counteract a rotation of the particles T or a rotation prevent.
  • Below the feeder 1 a collecting container, not shown, is provided, in which the Pismestronn is collected.
  • a part of the fall distance is defined as a measurement distance M.
  • This measuring path M is associated with a lighting device 4 of the device, which is arranged on the back of the measuring section M and directed to the measuring section M in order to illuminate the particle flow in the measuring section M from the back surface.
  • this device comprises a camera 5 which is positioned on the front side of the measuring path M opposite the illumination device 4 and directed onto the measuring path M in order to record shadow projections of the particles T illuminated by the illumination device 4.
  • the device has a camera 5 associated with the projection device 6, which is arranged on the front of the measuring section M and also directed to the measuring section M.
  • the projection device 6 serves to project a thin light line L onto the particles T in the measuring path M, which is also recorded by the camera 5.
  • the projection device 6 is positioned with angular offset to the camera 5, so that the projection axis P of the projection device 6 with the optical axis K of the camera 5 includes a triangulation angle ⁇ .
  • the projection device 6 and the camera 5 are arranged so that the projection axis P of the projection device 6 and the optical axis K of the camera 5 are perpendicular to the direction Y and the plane E of the particles T, i. horizontal ⁇ , ⁇ -plane and are arranged offset in this plane at the triangulation angle ⁇ to each other.
  • the projection device 6 has to generate the thin light line L on a laser or an LED as a light source.
  • the projection device 6 has lenses and / or diffractive optical elements for generating the light line L.
  • the projection device 6 is configured to to produce different colored projection lines. It is known that different materials have divergent absorption and transmission properties. This directly affects the amount of backscattered light. It is therefore advantageous to have a large number of possible projection colors which, depending on the material of the particle mixture to be measured, can optionally be used to generate the light line L.
  • the device comprises an evaluation unit 7, which is coupled to the camera 5 in order to evaluate the images captured by the camera 5.
  • the evaluation unit 7 is provided with a corresponding evaluation software, which makes it possible to evaluate the detected shadow projection and the detected light line L in order to obtain information relating to the particle sizes and / or the particle shapes of the particles received by the camera 5.
  • the evaluation unit 7 is designed to rework the images of the light lines L generated by the projection device 6 by suitable software filters and / or adaptation logarithms, in particular by subpixeling and / or Gaussian matching so that a monopixel resolution of the light lines is achieved. This configuration results in a high accuracy.
  • the algorithm 7 for the algorithmic determination of the light line defines an area of interest (ROI) within each captured image. This considerably reduces the search effort for the evaluation program.
  • the evaluation unit 7 evaluates successive images of the camera 5 in order to follow shadow projections of individual particles on the basis of successive images. In this way, it can be predicted when the corresponding particles enter the region of the generated light line, so that corresponding ROI can be defined in subsequently recorded images.
  • the particles to be examined are transported via the vibrating plate 3 in the direction of the Fallebene E and thereby isolated. As soon as a particle T reaches the right in the drawing output end of the vibrating plate 3, it goes into free fall over.
  • the illumination device 4 illuminates the particles from the rear side of the measurement path M and thus generates a shadow projection which is recorded with the camera 5 on the front side of the measurement path M.
  • a thin light line L is projected by means of the projection device 6 in a narrow area of the camera field of view.
  • This light line L is partially backscattered by the falling particles T, and the scattered light is also detected by the camera 5.
  • the contour information, which is obtained from the shadow projection, and the additional information obtained from the shape of the light line can then in the evaluation with a suitable evaluation software in the evaluation a complete reconstruction of the camera 5 side facing the detected particles T be calculated. In this case, a complete scanning in the Y direction is achieved by the relative movement of the particles T to the light line L and the camera 5.
  • the camera 5 is assigned in a manner not shown a filter device to filter out by fluorescence excitation at the surface of the particles to be analyzed resulting light.
  • the filter means may comprise a high-pass and / or band-pass filter.
  • the filter device may comprise filters in order to discriminate predetermined polarization directions of the light scattered by the particles in the measuring section, which may offer advantages in particular in the measurement of transparent particles.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a shadow projection of a falling particle with a projected light line L.
  • the particle is a cylindrical body.
  • the drawing shows that only the outer contour can be determined by the shadow projection.
  • FIG. 2 clearly shows that additional shape information about the particle T is obtained by the projected light line.
  • the generation of a light line L offers further advantages.
  • a particle T does not move exactly in the folding plane E, as shown in FIG. 1, perspective errors occur when shooting shadow projections. If the trajectory of the particle T is closer to the camera 5 (smaller z-values), the particle T for the camera 5 appears larger, but if the trajectory of the particle T further away from the camera 5 (larger z-values) appears it is smaller for the camera 5.
  • the projected light line L With the help of the projected light line L a determination of the exact Z-position of the particle T is possible. As a result, using Linear optics, the perspective error of the shadow projection are compensated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules (T) qui sont guidées sous la forme d'un flux de particules à travers une section de mesure (M), ledit dispositif comprenant un moyen d'éclairage (4) servant à éclairer le flux de particules dans la section de mesure (M) depuis l'arrière, une caméra (5) servant à enregistrer les projections d'ombre des particules (T) émise par le moyen d'éclairage (4) depuis l'avant, et une unité d'évaluation (7) qui détermine, en se fondant sur les enregistrements de la caméra (5), la taille et/ou la forme des particules (T) enregistrées, la caméra (5) étant associé à un moyen de projection (6) qui est disposé du côté avant de la section de mesure (M) et qui est positionné selon un angle de triangulation α par rapport à la caméra (5) afin de projeter une ligne de lumière (L) sur les particules (T) du flux de particules dans la section de mesure (M) qui est enregistrée par la caméra (5), des informations de profondeur et/ou des informations géométriques sur les particules détectées (T) pouvant être déterminées à partir de la forme de la ligne de lumière (L) dans l'unité d'évaluation (7).
EP15713384.4A 2014-03-04 2015-02-26 Dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules d'un mélange de particules Withdrawn EP3114456A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202014100974.4U DE202014100974U1 (de) 2014-03-04 2014-03-04 Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Partikelgröße und/oder der Partikelform eines Partikelgemisches
PCT/EP2015/054088 WO2015132137A1 (fr) 2014-03-04 2015-02-26 Dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules d'un mélange de particules

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3114456A1 true EP3114456A1 (fr) 2017-01-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15713384.4A Withdrawn EP3114456A1 (fr) 2014-03-04 2015-02-26 Dispositif de détermination de la taille et/ou de la forme de particules d'un mélange de particules

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20170067811A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3114456A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2017513012A (fr)
CN (1) CN106461526A (fr)
DE (1) DE202014100974U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015132137A1 (fr)

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CN108593504A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-09-28 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 一种可检测pm2.5大小和形状的装置设计方法
KR102309284B1 (ko) 2018-08-03 2021-10-06 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 고분자 솔루션의 미용해물 측정법

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015132137A1 (fr) 2015-09-11
CN106461526A (zh) 2017-02-22
US20170067811A1 (en) 2017-03-09
DE202014100974U1 (de) 2015-06-08
JP2017513012A (ja) 2017-05-25

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