EP3104373B1 - High current cable and method for determining the wear of high current cables - Google Patents

High current cable and method for determining the wear of high current cables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3104373B1
EP3104373B1 EP16171148.6A EP16171148A EP3104373B1 EP 3104373 B1 EP3104373 B1 EP 3104373B1 EP 16171148 A EP16171148 A EP 16171148A EP 3104373 B1 EP3104373 B1 EP 3104373B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
high current
current cable
measuring
current
conducting element
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EP16171148.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3104373A1 (en
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Arndt Dung
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/001—Power supply cables for the electrodes of electric-welding apparatus or electric-arc furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces, plants for electroslag remelting and reduction furnaces and a method for determining the degree of wear of a high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces and electroslag remelting.
  • High-current cables are in a variety of configurations from the prior art, for example from the DE 10 2011 016 966 A1 known.
  • corresponding high-current cables are used in particular to connect the secondary side of a transformer of a corresponding high-current system with an electrode or a support arm for an electrode of a ladle or electric arc furnace or another component operated with high current.
  • Small ladle furnaces typically have three phases and are connected with two high current cables per phase. Larger ovens typically use up to four high-current cables per phase.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a simple method and a high-current cable that allows trouble-free and cost-effective operation, protects the system from damage and makes a routine replacement of high-current cables not necessary and thus leads to lower operating costs.
  • the high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces and systems for electroslag remelting method has at least one electrical line element, a feed line arranged at a first position of the line element for a measuring current and a return line for the measuring current arranged at a second position of the line element.
  • a first and a second measuring point are arranged on the line element, wherein a first transmission means for a first measuring signal are connected to the first measuring point and to the second measuring point a second transmission means for a second measuring signal.
  • the high-current cable according to the invention advantageously allows a regular measurement of the condition of the line element, whereby the wear of the high-current cable can be determined in a particularly simple manner without having to remove the high-current cable from the system, resulting in a considerable increase in operating costs the downtime of the plant would result.
  • the stationary arrangement of the measuring points and the feed line and the return line allows a particularly precise and easily reproducible measurement of the individual High power cable.
  • the feed line and / or the return line are at least partially arranged in an insulation or a sheathing of the high-current cable, resulting in a particularly easy handling of the high-current cable and at the same time a change in the measurement signals due to different in relation to each other running, current-carrying lines is avoided .
  • a high current is initially switched off for operating the furnace or the system and introducing a measuring current via a feed line connected to a line element of the high-current cable at a first position and by means of a arranged at a second position of the conduit member return line.
  • a measurement of at least one measurement signal is carried out at two spaced, arranged on the line element measuring points and finally an evaluation of the measurement signal and a determination of the degree of wear of the high current cable is made.
  • the inventive method makes it possible advantageously to measure the high-current cable during operation or in short breaks, for example, to fill the furnace, regularly and thus to determine the already occurred wear of the high-current cable.
  • unwanted operational failures due to failures of a high-current cable are prevented and at the same time the life of all high-current cables avoided by the absence of current or voltage spikes due to the failure of a single high-current cable.
  • the high-current cable can be used over its maximum operating time, so that premature replacement is unnecessary and thus the operating costs can be reduced.
  • the fixed arrangement of the feed line and the return line as well as the two measuring points on the high-current cable allows particularly precise measurements, which are not possible in the devices of the prior art, since on the one hand the measurement of a conventional high current cable within a system, the changing contact resistance the cable opposite to the plant and on the other hand by a small variation of the measuring positions a number of precise, reproducible measurements is not possible.
  • a high-current cable is basically understood any cable that is suitable to conduct a high current, in particular with a current greater than 0.5 kA, preferably greater than 1 kA, more preferably greater than 5 kA and most preferably greater than 10 kA.
  • the high-current cable can initially be configured in any desired manner.
  • the high current cable can be uncooled, water cooled or air cooled.
  • the high-current cable can be formed both from an electrical line element, as well as comprise an electrical line element and an insulation or a sheath.
  • a high-current cable can initially have any desired length, but the length of a high-current cable is preferably 1-15 m, particularly preferably 2.5-12.5 m and very particularly preferably 4-10 m.
  • the electrical conduction element is a component or an assembly of the high-current cable which is or is provided for conducting the high current.
  • the electrical conduction element is preferably formed essentially of metal, particularly preferably of a copper alloy and very particularly preferably essentially of pure copper.
  • the electrical conduction element can have any shape, in particular an arbitrary cross section.
  • the electrical line element preferably has a round cross section whose diameter is between 100 mm 2 and 10,000 mm 2 , preferably between 200 mm 2 and 9,000 mm 2 and particularly preferably between 250 mm 2 and 7,500 mm 2 .
  • an electrically operated furnace any system in which a high current is used for operation to produce high temperatures inside the plant or which can be used to process a metal or a metal-containing substance under the action of high temperatures.
  • these are systems for melting and treating metal, in particular ladle furnaces or electric arc furnaces and / or systems for carrying out an electroslag remelting process.
  • the feed line and the return line are each a component which is intended to conduct an electric current.
  • the feed line and the return line are each essentially formed by an electrical conductor, in particular preferably by a metallic cable.
  • the metallic cable is preferably formed from copper or a copper alloy and particularly preferably has an insulation and / or a sheathing, in particular made of a plastic or a lacquer layer.
  • the diameter of the feed line and the Return each between 20 mm 2 and 100 mm 2 , more preferably between 25 mm 2 and 75 mm 2 and most preferably between 35 mm 2 and 50 mm 2 .
  • the feed line and the return line can be formed both single-core and multi-core.
  • the feed line and the return line are at least partially formed as a single, two-core cable, in particular each at an end facing away from the line element of the feed line and the return line.
  • the feed line and the return line are electrically conductively connected to the line element and can form a circuit together with at least one section of the line element.
  • the feed line and the return line are fixed directly and fixed to the line element.
  • the measuring current can initially be any desired electrical current. This is preferably a constant current introduced for a certain duration, the duration preferably being between 500 ms and 30 s, more preferably between 1 s and 15 s, and very particularly preferably between 2.5 s and 7.5 s ,
  • the measuring current can be both a direct current and an alternating current.
  • the current intensity is preferably between 50 A and 1.5 kA, particularly preferably between 100 A and 1 kA, and very particularly preferably between 250 A and 750 A.
  • the frequency is preferred 50-60 Hz or alternatively preferably between 100 Hz and 1 kHz, more preferably between 250 Hz and 1 kHz.
  • a measuring point it is initially only a fixed, stationary position on the line element at which a measurement signal can be determined.
  • the first and the second measuring point are preferably arranged on the first and / or the second position or between the first and second position.
  • a means for receiving or measuring a measuring signal is fixedly arranged at the measuring point.
  • the means for receiving a measurement signal is in the simplest case a wire or cable, but may also comprise a circuit.
  • the transmission means is directly or indirectly via another component, for example a means for receiving, measuring and / or processing a measuring signal, for example a transmitter, connected to one of the measuring points and formed such that the transmission means can forward or transmit a signal measured at the measuring point or data obtained by processing.
  • a measuring signal for example a transmitter
  • the measurement signal may initially be any physical quantity or any physical property.
  • the measurement signal may be an electrical current.
  • a measurement of the measurement signal is understood as the detection of a corresponding physical property, for example an electrical current.
  • the measurement of a measurement signal may already include first steps of an evaluation or data processing, for example the determination of typical electrical parameters or properties of an electrical conductor, such as current, voltage, resistance, voltage difference with respect to another component, in particular grounding, or Properties of the resulting magnetic field.
  • the evaluation of the measurement signal is understood to mean at least the process in which a value or a characteristic number is determined from at least one, preferably a plurality of measurement signals and / or variables derived therefrom, which provides information about the state of the high-current cable, in particular of the line element of the high-current cable.
  • the degree of wear is a value for describing the condition of the high-current cable, in particular the line element of the high-current cable, wherein the degree of wear describes the degree of wear or wear with increasing operating time of a high-current cable.
  • the shutdown of the high-current cable comprises a complete shutdown, particularly preferably a physical separation of at least one end of the high-current cable from the power supply for operating the furnace, in particular from the secondary side of a transformer. This can in particular by means of a switch or other mechanical or electronic switching device respectively.
  • the introduction of a measuring current basically means any adjustment of the current intensity in the line element of the high-current cable to the current intensity of the measuring current.
  • the introduction of the measuring current is independent of and / or from a power source other than the power supply for operating the furnace, in particular the secondary side of a transformer for operating the furnace.
  • the first and the second measuring point along the line element forming a measuring section are spaced from each other, is fixed by the stationary arrangement of the two measuring points the measuring section and thus precisely reproducible measurements of the line element are made possible in a particularly simple manner ,
  • the measuring section has a length between 95% and 85%, preferably between 95% and 90% and particularly preferably 95% of the length of the line element, whereby a particularly simple and precise measurement of known as particularly burdened Sections of the high current cable can be made.
  • the length of the measuring section corresponds to the length of the line element and the two measuring points are arranged in the region of one end of the line element.
  • the first measuring point is arranged at the first position and / or the second measuring point at the second position, whereby particularly precise measurements are made possible, since the positions of the input or return line of the measuring current correspond to the points of the line element of the High current cable correspond to where the measurement signals are detected.
  • the first position along the line element from the second position at least a distance between 10% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 90% and more preferably between 35% and 65% of the length of the conduit element.
  • the feed line and / or the return line extend on the section of the high-current cable within an insulation or a sheathing, in which the feed line and / or the return line are guided parallel to the line element of the high-current cable.
  • both the feed line and the return line emerge from the insulation or the sheathing of the high-current cable at a common position, wherein the feed line and the return line are particularly preferably formed as a two-core cable.
  • both the feed line and the return line are conductively connected to the line element of the high-current cable only at the first or second position.
  • the first and / or the second transmission means are at least partially arranged in an insulation or a sheathing of the high-current cable, resulting in a particularly easy handling of the high-current cable and at the same time a change of the measurement signals due to different with respect to each other extending, current-carrying lines is avoided.
  • both transfer means emerge from the insulation or the sheathing of the high current cable at a common position, so that both transmission means can be connected in a particularly simple manner to a device for detecting and / or evaluating the measurement signal.
  • the high-current cable comprises at least one, preferably both transmission means an electrical measuring line, which preferably comprises a core of metal, in particular copper, for example copper wire or copper wire and particularly preferably further comprises an insulation.
  • the diameter of the metal core is between 0.5 mm 2 and 10 mm 2 , more preferably between 1 mm 2 and 5 mm 2, and most preferably 2.5 mm 2 .
  • the high-current cable comprises at least one, preferably both of the transmission means an optical conductor, in particular a fiber optic cable, more preferably at each optical conductor, a transducer for converting an electrical signal into an optical signal is arranged, whereby a particularly fast and, for example By induction uninfluenced data transfer is made possible in an advantageous manner and thus the accuracy of the measurement is improved.
  • the transmitter is arranged in the region of the measuring point, and particularly preferably the transmitter is arranged completely within a casing or insulation of the high-current cable.
  • connection element for a measuring device or a measuring line which is in electrical contact with the line element of the high-current cable is arranged at the first and / or second measuring point, whereby further measurements or the acquisition of further measured values are made possible in a particularly simple manner
  • a connection element is understood to mean first any device which is provided to connect a measuring line or a measuring device.
  • the connection element preferably comprises a region which is in electrical contact with the line element and a closure device which completely covers this area and can be opened, which in the closed state isolates the closure device, allowing electrical access to the line element, in particular by insulation and / or a jacket of the high-current cable ,
  • a Rogowski coil or a Rogowski belt is arranged surrounding the line element, wherein the Rogowski coil is particularly preferably arranged within an insulation or sheathing of the high-current cable.
  • the shutdown of the high current by means of a contactor wherein particularly preferably by means of Sagittarius at the same time the introduction of the measuring current is switched.
  • Particularly preferred is a potential separation between the high current circuit for operating the system and the measuring circuit.
  • the measurement comprises a detection of a voltage drop, a voltage difference and / or an inductive reactance, whereby a change in the structure of the high current cable, in particular of the line element of the high current cable can be detected in a particularly simple manner.
  • the evaluation comprises an observation of a signal change over a time interval and / or with respect to a reference, in particular with respect to values measured at a shielded ground.
  • a measure of the connected high-current cable is made during pauses in operation of the system, for example between the melting of various metal alloys in an electrically operated oven and examined for a change in the measured values over time, indicating an alteration of the high-current cable, in particular may indicate a wear of the line element.
  • a plurality of mutually insulated line elements of a high-current cable or several high-current cables of an electrical high-current system, in particular an electrically operated furnace are measured in sequence and then the measurement signals for each line element or each high-current cable individually and / or in relation evaluated each other.
  • the first embodiment of a high-current cable 1 has an electrical line element 2 and a surrounding the electrical line element 2 sheath 9.
  • the electrical line element 2 is formed of a copper alloy and has a round cross-section with a diameter of 7,500 mm 2.
  • the length of the electrical conduction element 2 is 8 m.
  • a feed line 3 formed of copper and having a diameter of 50 mm 2 is connected in a stationary manner to the electrical line element 2 directly at a first position 5 a.
  • the feed line 3 has a length of 2 m and is provided to introduce a measuring current with a current of 100 A into the electrical line element 2.
  • a return line 4 is stationary and arranged directly on the line element at a second position 5b, wherein the return line 4 in particular in diameter and in the material of the feed line 3.
  • the return line has a length of about 8 m.
  • the feed line 3 and the return line 4 are both arranged at the respective electrical line element 2 facing ends within the casing 9 of the high current cable 1, in particular the return line 4 over a distance of about 6 m parallel to the electrical line element 2 within the casing 9 of the high current cable 1 is guided to the feed line 3, so that the feed line 3 and the return line 4 leave the sheath 9 of the high-current cable 1 at a common position.
  • the outside of the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 located part of the feed line 3 and the return line 4 is a single, two-core cable surrounded by an insulation 10 surrounded by plastic, said part of the feed line 3 and the return line 4 has a length of about 1.8 m having.
  • the distance of the first position 5a from the second position 5b along the electrical line element 2 is about 6 m and thus 80% of the length of the electrical line element second
  • a first measuring point 6a is arranged, at which a first measuring transducer 11 arranged inside the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the electrical conducting element 2.
  • a second measuring point 6b is arranged with a second measuring transducer 12, so that the distance between the first measuring point 6a and the second measuring point 6b along the longitudinal axis of the electrical conducting element 2 is 6 m.
  • the two transducers 11, 12 thereby convert an electrical signal picked up by the electrical line element 2 at the two measuring points 6a, 6b into an optical signal.
  • the optical signal is then introduced by the first transmitter 11 in a first transmission means 7 and the second transmitter 12 in a second transmission means 8, wherein both transmission means 7, 8 are formed by optical fiber cable.
  • the two transmission means 7, 8 extend in sections to the transmitters 11, 12 facing ends within the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1, in particular the second transmission means 8 parallel to the electrical line element 2 within the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 to the first transmission means 7 to in that the first transmission means 7 and the second transmission means 8 emerge at a common position from the jacket 9 of the high-current cable 1.
  • a measurement for determining the degree of wear of the high-current cable 1 takes place by first switching off a high current on the high-current cable 1 which is necessary for the operation of a corresponding system and subsequently via the supply line 3 and the return line 4 a measuring current with a current of 100 A for a duration of at least 5 s is initiated.
  • the measuring current is applied to the electrical line element 2, in particular between the first position 5a and the second position 5b, at least the voltage is at each of the first and the second measuring point 6a, 6b through the two measuring transducers 11, 12 determined at the electrical line element 2 with respect to a shielded ground, each converted into an optical signal and forwarded by means of the two transmission means 7, 8 to an evaluation unit.
  • the measured signals are then evaluated and an index of the degree of wear of the high current cable 1 is determined, wherein the evaluation is based at least on the change over time of a determined in a variety of measurements voltage drop between the first measuring point 6a and the second measuring point 6b.
  • the measurement signals and / or the characteristics of the individual high-current cable 1 can be set in relation to each other in order to obtain information about the state of the entire system beyond a single high-current cable 1.

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  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochstromkabel für elektrisch betriebene Öfen, Anlagen für Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzverfahren und Reduktionsöfen sowie ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Verschleißgrades eines Hochstromkabels für elektrisch betriebene Öfen und Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzanlagen.The invention relates to a high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces, plants for electroslag remelting and reduction furnaces and a method for determining the degree of wear of a high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces and electroslag remelting.

Hochstromkabel sind in vielfältiger Ausgestaltung aus dem Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2011 016 966 A1 bekannt. Dabei werden entsprechende Hochstromkabel insbesondere verwendet, die Sekundärseite eines Transformators einer entsprechenden Hochstromanlage mit einer Elektrode bzw. einem Tragarm für eine Elektrode eines Pfannen- oder Lichtbogenofens oder einem anderen mit Starkstrom betriebenen Bauteil zu verbinden. Dabei weisen kleinere Pfannenöfen typischerweise drei Phasen auf und sind mit zwei Hochstromkabeln pro Phase angeschlossen. Bei größeren Öfen werden gewöhnlich bis zu vier Hochstromkabel pro Phase verwendet.High-current cables are in a variety of configurations from the prior art, for example from the DE 10 2011 016 966 A1 known. In this case, corresponding high-current cables are used in particular to connect the secondary side of a transformer of a corresponding high-current system with an electrode or a support arm for an electrode of a ladle or electric arc furnace or another component operated with high current. Small ladle furnaces typically have three phases and are connected with two high current cables per phase. Larger ovens typically use up to four high-current cables per phase.

Dabei ist es insbesondere für größere Anlagen wichtig, dass der Betrieb ohne Ausfälle und damit verbundene, unerwünschte Betriebspausen erfolgt, da zum einen solche Unterbrechungen die Kosteneffizienz der Anlagen verringern und zum anderen auch zu Betriebsunterbrechungen der nachfolgenden Verarbeitungsschritte, beispielsweise einer Gießanlage und somit zu hohen finanziellen Verlusten führen. Die Anlagen des Standes der Technik werden bislang betrieben, bis es zu einem Kabelausfall, für gewöhnlich in Form des Bruches eines solchen Hochstromkabels kommt.It is important, in particular for larger plants, that the operation takes place without failures and associated unwanted breaks, since on the one hand such interruptions reduce the cost-efficiency of the plants and on the other hand to interruptions in the subsequent processing steps, such as a caster and thus high financial Losses lead. Prior art systems have been operated until cable failure, usually in the form of breakage of such a high current cable, occurs.

Dies führt jedoch nicht nur zu regelmäßigen Betriebsunterbrechung, sondern kann auch zu einer Beschädigung der gesamten Anlage führen. Insbesondere steigt die Belastung der übrigen Hochstromkabel beim Ausfall eines der Hochstromkabel sprunghaft an, was wenigstens zu einem erhöhten Verschleiß und sogar zum Ausfall weiterer Hochstromkabel führen kann.However, this not only leads to regular business interruption, but can also lead to damage to the entire system. In particular, the load on the other high-current cables increases abruptly in the event of failure of one of the high-current cables, which can lead to at least increased wear and even failure of further high-current cables.

Eine alternative Lösung des Problems regelmäßig ausfallender Hochstromkabel des Standes der Technik besteht in einem routinemäßigen Austausch sämtlicher Hochstromkabel nach einer vorgegebenen Anzahl an Betriebsstunden. Um jedoch einen Kabelausfall sicher zu verhindern, ist ein Austausch der Kabel deutlich vor der Einreichung einer möglichen Belastungsgrenze notwendig. Ein solcher häufiger Austausch sämtlicher Hochstromkabel führt jedoch zu einer unerwünschten Erhöhung der Betriebskosten.An alternative solution to the problem of prior art regularly failing high current cables is the routine replacement of all high current cables after a predetermined number of hours of operation. However, to safely prevent cable failure, it is necessary to replace the cables well before submitting a possible load limit. However, such frequent replacement of all high current cables results in an undesirable increase in operating costs.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfaches Verfahren sowie ein Hochstromkabel bereitzustellen, das einen störungsfreien und kosteneffizienten Betrieb ermöglicht, die Anlage vor Beschädigungen schützt sowie einen routinemäßigen Austausch von Hochstromkabeln nicht notwendig macht und somit zu geringeren Betriebskosten führt.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a simple method and a high-current cable that allows trouble-free and cost-effective operation, protects the system from damage and makes a routine replacement of high-current cables not necessary and thus leads to lower operating costs.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 12. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Das Hochstromkabel für elektrisch betriebene Öfen und Anlagen für Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzverfahren weist wenigstens ein elektrisches Leitungselement, eine an einer ersten Position des Leitungselements angeordnete Einspeisleitung für einen Messstrom sowie eine an einer zweiten Position des Leitungselements angeordnete Rückleitung für den Messstrom auf. Darüber hinaus sind an dem Leitungselement ein erster sowie ein zweiter Messpunkt angeordnet, wobei mit dem ersten Messpunkt ein erstes Übertragungsmittel für ein erstes Messsignal sowie mit dem zweiten Messpunkt ein zweites Übertragungsmittel für ein zweites Messsignal verbunden sind.The high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces and systems for electroslag remelting method has at least one electrical line element, a feed line arranged at a first position of the line element for a measuring current and a return line for the measuring current arranged at a second position of the line element. In addition, a first and a second measuring point are arranged on the line element, wherein a first transmission means for a first measuring signal are connected to the first measuring point and to the second measuring point a second transmission means for a second measuring signal.

Dabei ermöglicht es das erfindungsgemäße Hochstromkabel in vorteilhafter Weise eine regelmäßige Messung des Zustandes des Leitungselements, wodurch in besonders einfacher Weise der Verschleiß des Hochstromkabels ermittelt werden kann, ohne dass dafür das Hochstromkabel aus der Anlage ausgebaut werden muss, was zu einer erheblichen Erhöhung der Betriebskosten sowie der Ausfallzeiten der Anlage führen würde. Weiterhin ermöglicht die ortsfeste Anordnung der Messpunkte sowie der Einspeisleitung und der Rückleitung eine besonders präzise und gut reproduzierbare Messbarkeit des individuellen Hochstromkabels. In dem erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabel sind die Einspeisleitung und/oder die Rückleitung wenigstens abschnittsweise in einer Isolierung oder einer Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels angeordnet, wodurch sich eine besonders leichte Handhabbarkeit des Hochstromkabels ergibt und zugleich eine Veränderung der Messsignale aufgrund unterschiedlich in Bezug zueinander verlaufender, stromführender Leitungen vermieden wird.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Verschleißgrades eines Hochstromkabels für elektrisch betriebene Öfen oder für Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzanlagen erfolgt zunächst eine Abschaltung eines Hochstroms zum Betrieb des Ofens oder der Anlage sowie ein Einleiten eines Messstroms über eine mit einem Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels an einer ersten Position verbundenen Einspeisleitung sowie mittels einer an einer zweiten Position des Leitungselements angeordneten Rückleitung. Anschließend wird eine Messung wenigstens eines Messsignals an zwei voneinander beabstandeten, an dem Leitungselement angeordneten Messpunkten durchgeführt und schließlich werden eine Auswertung des Messsignals und eine Ermittlung des Verschleißgrades des Hochstromkabels vorgenommen.In this case, the high-current cable according to the invention advantageously allows a regular measurement of the condition of the line element, whereby the wear of the high-current cable can be determined in a particularly simple manner without having to remove the high-current cable from the system, resulting in a considerable increase in operating costs the downtime of the plant would result. Furthermore, the stationary arrangement of the measuring points and the feed line and the return line allows a particularly precise and easily reproducible measurement of the individual High power cable. In the high-current cable according to the invention, the feed line and / or the return line are at least partially arranged in an insulation or a sheathing of the high-current cable, resulting in a particularly easy handling of the high-current cable and at the same time a change in the measurement signals due to different in relation to each other running, current-carrying lines is avoided ,
In the method according to the invention for determining the degree of wear of a high-current cable for electrically operated furnaces or for electro-slag remelting plants, a high current is initially switched off for operating the furnace or the system and introducing a measuring current via a feed line connected to a line element of the high-current cable at a first position and by means of a arranged at a second position of the conduit member return line. Subsequently, a measurement of at least one measurement signal is carried out at two spaced, arranged on the line element measuring points and finally an evaluation of the measurement signal and a determination of the degree of wear of the high current cable is made.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es in vorteilhafter Weise, das Hochstromkabel während des Betriebs bzw. in kurzen Betriebspausen, beispielsweise zur Befüllung des Ofens, regelmäßig zu messen und somit den bereits eingetretenen Verschleiß des Hochstromkabels zu ermitteln. Dadurch werden zum einen unerwünschte Betriebsausfälle aufgrund von Ausfällen eines Hochstromkabels verhindert und dabei zugleich die Lebensdauer sämtlicher Hochstromkabel durch das Ausbleiben von Strom- bzw. Spannungsspitzen aufgrund des Ausfalls eines einzelnen Hochstromkabels vermieden. Zum anderen kann das Hochstromkabel über seine maximale Betriebsdauer genutzt werden, so dass ein vorzeitiger Austausch unnötig ist und somit die Betriebskosten gesenkt werden können. Schließlich ermöglicht die feste Anordnung der Einspeisleitung und der Rückleitung sowie der beiden Messpunkte am Hochstromkabel besonders präzise Messungen, die bei den Vorrichtungen des Standes der Technik nicht möglich sind, da zum einen der Messung eines herkömmlichen Hochstromkabels innerhalb einer Anlage die sich verändernden Kontaktwiderstände des Kabels gegenüber der Anlage entgegenstehen und zum anderen durch geringfügige Variationen der Messpositionen eine Reihe präziser, reproduzierbarer Messungen nicht möglich ist.The inventive method makes it possible advantageously to measure the high-current cable during operation or in short breaks, for example, to fill the furnace, regularly and thus to determine the already occurred wear of the high-current cable. As a result, on the one hand unwanted operational failures due to failures of a high-current cable are prevented and at the same time the life of all high-current cables avoided by the absence of current or voltage spikes due to the failure of a single high-current cable. On the other hand, the high-current cable can be used over its maximum operating time, so that premature replacement is unnecessary and thus the operating costs can be reduced. Finally, the fixed arrangement of the feed line and the return line as well as the two measuring points on the high-current cable allows particularly precise measurements, which are not possible in the devices of the prior art, since on the one hand the measurement of a conventional high current cable within a system, the changing contact resistance the cable opposite to the plant and on the other hand by a small variation of the measuring positions a number of precise, reproducible measurements is not possible.

Unter einem Hochstromkabel wird grundsätzlich jedes Kabel verstanden, das geeignet ist, einen Starkstrom zu leiten, insbesondere mit einer Stromstärke größer als 0,5 kA, bevorzugt größer als 1 kA, besonders bevorzugt größer als 5 kA und ganz besonders bevorzugt größer als 10 kA. Dabei kann das Hochstromkabel zunächst in beliebiger Weise ausgestaltet sein. So kann das Hochstromkabel ungekühlt, wassergekühlt oder luftgekühlt sein. Weiterhin kann das Hochstromkabel sowohl aus einem elektrischen Leitungselement gebildet sein, als auch ein elektrisches Leitungselement sowie eine Isolierung oder einer Ummantelung umfassen. Grundsätzlich kann ein Hochstromkabel zunächst eine beliebige Länge aufweisen, bevorzugt beträgt die Länge eines Hochstromkabels jedoch 1 - 15m, besonders bevorzugt 2,5 - 12,5 m und ganz besonders bevorzugt 4 - 10 m.Under a high-current cable is basically understood any cable that is suitable to conduct a high current, in particular with a current greater than 0.5 kA, preferably greater than 1 kA, more preferably greater than 5 kA and most preferably greater than 10 kA. In this case, the high-current cable can initially be configured in any desired manner. Thus, the high current cable can be uncooled, water cooled or air cooled. Furthermore, the high-current cable can be formed both from an electrical line element, as well as comprise an electrical line element and an insulation or a sheath. In principle, a high-current cable can initially have any desired length, but the length of a high-current cable is preferably 1-15 m, particularly preferably 2.5-12.5 m and very particularly preferably 4-10 m.

Bei dem elektrischen Leitungselement handelt es sich grundsätzlich um ein Bauelement bzw. eine Baugruppe des Hochstromkabels, welches bzw. welche zur Leitung des Hochstroms vorgesehen ist. Dazu ist das elektrische Leitungselement bevorzugt im Wesentlichen aus Metall, besonders bevorzugt aus einer Kupferlegierung und ganz besonders bevorzugt im Wesentlichen aus reinem Kupfer gebildet. Grundsätzlich kann das elektrische Leitungselement eine beliebige Form, insbesondere einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Bevorzugt weist das elektrische Leitungselement jedoch einen runden Querschnitt auf, dessen Durchmesser zwischen 100 mm2 und 10.000 mm2, bevorzugt zwischen 200 mm2, und 9.000 mm2 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 250 mm2 und 7.500 mm2 beträgt.In principle, the electrical conduction element is a component or an assembly of the high-current cable which is or is provided for conducting the high current. For this purpose, the electrical conduction element is preferably formed essentially of metal, particularly preferably of a copper alloy and very particularly preferably essentially of pure copper. In principle, the electrical conduction element can have any shape, in particular an arbitrary cross section. However, the electrical line element preferably has a round cross section whose diameter is between 100 mm 2 and 10,000 mm 2 , preferably between 200 mm 2 and 9,000 mm 2 and particularly preferably between 250 mm 2 and 7,500 mm 2 .

Unter einem elektrisch betriebenen Ofen wird zunächst jede Anlage verstanden, in der ein Hochstrom zum Betrieb verwendet wird, um hohe Temperaturen im Inneren der Anlage zu erzeugen bzw. die zur Verarbeitung eines Metalls oder einer metallhaltigen Substanz unter Einwirkung hoher Temperaturen verwendet werden kann. Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um Anlagen zum Schmelzen und Behandeln von Metall, insbesondere Pfannenöfen oder Lichtbogenöfen und/oder Anlagen zur Durchführung eines Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzverfahrens.Under an electrically operated furnace is first understood any system in which a high current is used for operation to produce high temperatures inside the plant or which can be used to process a metal or a metal-containing substance under the action of high temperatures. In particular, these are systems for melting and treating metal, in particular ladle furnaces or electric arc furnaces and / or systems for carrying out an electroslag remelting process.

Bei der Einspeisleitung und der Rückleitung handelt es sich jeweils um ein Bauteil, das vorgesehen ist, einen elektrischen Strom zu leiten. Bevorzugt sind die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung jeweils im Wesentlichen durch einen elektrischen Leiter, insbesondere bevorzugt durch ein metallisches Kabel gebildet. Das metallische Kabel ist dabei bevorzugt aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung gebildet und weist besonders bevorzugt eine Isolierung und/oder einer Ummantelung, insbesondere aus einem Kunststoff oder einer Lackschicht auf. Ebenfalls bevorzugt beträgt der Durchmesser der Einspeisleitung und der Rückleitung jeweils zwischen 20 mm2 und 100 mm2, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 mm2 und 75 mm2 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 35 mm2 und 50 mm2. Dabei können die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung grundsätzlich sowohl einadrig als auch mehradrig gebildet sein. Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung zumindest abschnittsweise als ein einziges, zweiadriges Kabel gebildet, insbesondere jeweils an einem dem Leitungselement abgewandten Ende der Einspeisleitung und der Rückleitung.The feed line and the return line are each a component which is intended to conduct an electric current. Preferably, the feed line and the return line are each essentially formed by an electrical conductor, in particular preferably by a metallic cable. The metallic cable is preferably formed from copper or a copper alloy and particularly preferably has an insulation and / or a sheathing, in particular made of a plastic or a lacquer layer. Also preferably, the diameter of the feed line and the Return each between 20 mm 2 and 100 mm 2 , more preferably between 25 mm 2 and 75 mm 2 and most preferably between 35 mm 2 and 50 mm 2 . In principle, the feed line and the return line can be formed both single-core and multi-core. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed line and the return line are at least partially formed as a single, two-core cable, in particular each at an end facing away from the line element of the feed line and the return line.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung elektrisch leitend mit dem Leitungselement verbunden und können gemeinsam mit wenigstens einem Abschnitt des Leitungselements einen Stromkreis bilden. Bevorzugt sind die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung unmittelbar und ortsfest am Leitungselement festgelegt.According to the invention, the feed line and the return line are electrically conductively connected to the line element and can form a circuit together with at least one section of the line element. Preferably, the feed line and the return line are fixed directly and fixed to the line element.

Bei dem Messstrom kann es sich zunächst grundsätzlich um einen beliebigen elektrischen Strom handeln. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um einen gleichbleibenden, für eine gewisse Dauer eingeleiteten Strom, wobei die Dauer bevorzugt zwischen 500 ms und 30 s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 s und 15 s und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 2,5 s und 7,5 s beträgt. Dabei kann es sich bei dem Messstrom sowohl um einen Gleichstrom als auch um einen Wechselstrom handeln. Bei einem Messstrom in Form eines Gleichstroms beträgt die Stromstärke bevorzugt zwischen 50 A und 1,5 kA, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 100 A und 1 kA und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 250 A und 750 A. Bei einem Messstrom in Form eines Wechselstroms beträgt die Frequenz bevorzugt 50 - 60 Hz oder alternativ bevorzugt zwischen 100 Hz und 1 kHz, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 250 Hz und 1 kHz.In principle, the measuring current can initially be any desired electrical current. This is preferably a constant current introduced for a certain duration, the duration preferably being between 500 ms and 30 s, more preferably between 1 s and 15 s, and very particularly preferably between 2.5 s and 7.5 s , In this case, the measuring current can be both a direct current and an alternating current. In the case of a measuring current in the form of a direct current, the current intensity is preferably between 50 A and 1.5 kA, particularly preferably between 100 A and 1 kA, and very particularly preferably between 250 A and 750 A. With a measuring current in the form of an alternating current, the frequency is preferred 50-60 Hz or alternatively preferably between 100 Hz and 1 kHz, more preferably between 250 Hz and 1 kHz.

Bei einem Messpunkt handelt es sich zunächst lediglich um eine festgelegte, ortsfeste Position an dem Leitungselement, an der ein Messsignal ermittelt werden kann. Dabei sind der erste und der zweite Messpunkt bevorzugt auf der ersten und/oder der zweiten Position bzw. zwischen der ersten und zweiten Position angeordnet. Ebenfalls bevorzugt ist am Messpunkt ortsfest ein Mittel zur Aufnahme bzw. Messung eines Messsignals angeordnet. Das Mittel zur Aufnahme eines Messsignals ist im einfachsten Fall ein Draht oder Kabel, kann jedoch auch einen Schaltkreis umfassen.At a measuring point, it is initially only a fixed, stationary position on the line element at which a measurement signal can be determined. In this case, the first and the second measuring point are preferably arranged on the first and / or the second position or between the first and second position. Also preferably, a means for receiving or measuring a measuring signal is fixedly arranged at the measuring point. The means for receiving a measurement signal is in the simplest case a wire or cable, but may also comprise a circuit.

Das Übertragungsmittel ist unmittelbar oder mittelbar über ein weiteres Bauteil, beispielsweise ein Mittel zur Aufnahme, zur Messung und/oder zur Verarbeitung eines Messsignals, beispielsweise einem Messumformer, mit einem der Messpunkte verbunden und derart gebildet, dass das Übertragungsmittel ein am Messpunkt gemessenes Signal bzw. durch Verarbeitung gewonnene Daten weiterleiten bzw. übertragen kann.The transmission means is directly or indirectly via another component, for example a means for receiving, measuring and / or processing a measuring signal, for example a transmitter, connected to one of the measuring points and formed such that the transmission means can forward or transmit a signal measured at the measuring point or data obtained by processing.

Bei dem Messsignal kann es sich zunächst um eine beliebige physikalische Größe oder eine beliebige physikalische Eigenschaft handeln. Insbesondere kann es sich bei dem Messsignal um einen elektrischen Strom handeln. Entsprechend wird unter einer Messung des Messsignals die Erfassung einer entsprechenden physikalischen Eigenschaft, beispielsweise eines elektrischen Stromes verstanden. Grundsätzlich kann jedoch die Messung eines Messsignals auch schon erste Schritte einer Auswertung bzw. Datenverarbeitung enthalten, beispielsweise die Ermittlung typischer elektrischer Größen bzw. Eigenschaften eines elektrischen Leiters, beispielsweise Stromstärke, Spannung, Widerstand, Spannungsdifferenz gegenüber einem anderen Bauteil, insbesondere einer Erdung, bzw. Eigenschaften des resultierenden Magnetfeldes.The measurement signal may initially be any physical quantity or any physical property. In particular, the measurement signal may be an electrical current. Accordingly, a measurement of the measurement signal is understood as the detection of a corresponding physical property, for example an electrical current. In principle, however, the measurement of a measurement signal may already include first steps of an evaluation or data processing, for example the determination of typical electrical parameters or properties of an electrical conductor, such as current, voltage, resistance, voltage difference with respect to another component, in particular grounding, or Properties of the resulting magnetic field.

Unter der Auswertung des Messsignals wird wenigstens der Vorgang verstanden, bei dem aus wenigstens einem, bevorzugt mehreren Messsignalen und/oder daraus abgeleiteten Größen ein Wert oder eine Kennzahl ermittelt wird, die Aufschluss über den Zustand des Hochstromkabels, insbesondere des Leitungselements des Hochstromkabels liefert.The evaluation of the measurement signal is understood to mean at least the process in which a value or a characteristic number is determined from at least one, preferably a plurality of measurement signals and / or variables derived therefrom, which provides information about the state of the high-current cable, in particular of the line element of the high-current cable.

Bei dem Verschleißgrad handelt es sich um einen Wert zur Beschreibung des Zustandes des Hochstromkabels, insbesondere des Leitungselements des Hochstromkabels, wobei der Verschleißgrad das Maß der Abnutzung bzw. des Verschleißes mit zunehmender Betriebszeit eines Hochstromkabels beschreibt.The degree of wear is a value for describing the condition of the high-current cable, in particular the line element of the high-current cable, wherein the degree of wear describes the degree of wear or wear with increasing operating time of a high-current cable.

Unter der Abschaltung des Hochstroms wird zunächst grundsätzlich jede Abschaltung oder Senkung der Stromstärke im Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels auf oder unter die Stromstärke des Messstroms verstanden. Bevorzugt umfasst die Abschaltung des Hochstromkabels eine vollständige Abschaltung, besonders bevorzugt eine physikalische Trennung wenigstens eines Endes des Hochstromkabels von der Stromversorgung zum Betrieb des Ofens, insbesondere von der Sekundärseite eines Transformators. Dies kann insbesondere mittels eines Schalters bzw. einer anderen mechanischen oder elektronischen Schaltvorrichtung erfolgen.Under the shutdown of the high current is initially understood basically any shutdown or reduction in the current in the line element of the high current cable at or below the current of the measuring current. Preferably, the shutdown of the high-current cable comprises a complete shutdown, particularly preferably a physical separation of at least one end of the high-current cable from the power supply for operating the furnace, in particular from the secondary side of a transformer. This can in particular by means of a switch or other mechanical or electronic switching device respectively.

Unter der Einleitung eines Messstroms wird zunächst grundsätzlich jede Einstellung der Stromstärke im Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels auf die Stromstärke des Messstroms verstanden. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Einleitung des Messstroms unabhängig von und/oder aus einer anderen Stromquelle als der Stromversorgung zum Betrieb des Ofens, insbesondere der Sekundärseite eines Transformators zum Betrieb des Ofens.Initially, the introduction of a measuring current basically means any adjustment of the current intensity in the line element of the high-current cable to the current intensity of the measuring current. Preferably, the introduction of the measuring current is independent of and / or from a power source other than the power supply for operating the furnace, in particular the secondary side of a transformer for operating the furnace.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels sind der erste und der zweite Messpunkt entlang des Leitungselements eine Messstrecke bildend voneinander beabstandet angeordnet, wobei durch die ortsfeste Anordnung der beiden Messpunkte die Messstrecke gleichbleibend festgelegt ist und somit in besonders einfacher Weise präzise wiederholbare Messungen des Leitungselements ermöglicht werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the high-current cable according to the invention, the first and the second measuring point along the line element forming a measuring section are spaced from each other, is fixed by the stationary arrangement of the two measuring points the measuring section and thus precisely reproducible measurements of the line element are made possible in a particularly simple manner ,

Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels weist die Messstrecke eine Länge zwischen 95 % und 85 %, bevorzugt zwischen 95 % und 90 % und besonders bevorzugt 95 % der Länge des Leitungselements auf, wodurch eine besonders einfache und präzise Messung der als besonders belastet bekannten Abschnitte des Hochstromkabels erfolgen kann. Gemäß einer weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltung entspricht die Länge der Messstrecke der Länge des Leitungselements und die beiden Messpunkte sind im Bereich jeweils eines Endes des Leitungselements angeordnet.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the high-current cable according to the invention, the measuring section has a length between 95% and 85%, preferably between 95% and 90% and particularly preferably 95% of the length of the line element, whereby a particularly simple and precise measurement of known as particularly burdened Sections of the high current cable can be made. According to another possible embodiment, the length of the measuring section corresponds to the length of the line element and the two measuring points are arranged in the region of one end of the line element.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels ist der erste Messpunkt an der ersten Position und/oder der zweite Messpunkt an der zweiten Position angeordnet, wodurch besonders präzise Messungen ermöglicht werden, da die Positionen der Ein- bzw. Rückleitung des Messstromes den Stellen des Leitungselements des Hochstromkabels entsprechen, an denen die Messsignale erfasst werden.According to a preferred development of the high-current cable according to the invention, the first measuring point is arranged at the first position and / or the second measuring point at the second position, whereby particularly precise measurements are made possible, since the positions of the input or return line of the measuring current correspond to the points of the line element of the High current cable correspond to where the measurement signals are detected.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels weist die erste Position entlang des Leitungselements von der zweiten Position wenigstens einen Abstand zwischen 10 % und 100 %, bevorzugt zwischen 25 % und 90 % und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 35 % und 65 % der Länge des Leitungselements auf.According to an advantageous embodiment of the high current cable according to the invention, the first position along the line element from the second position at least a distance between 10% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 90% and more preferably between 35% and 65% of the length of the conduit element.

Besonders bevorzugt verlaufen die Einspeisleitung und/oder die Rückleitung auf dem Abschnitt des Hochstromkabels innerhalb einer Isolierung oder einer Ummantelung, in dem die Einspeisleitung und/oder die Rückleitung parallel zum Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels geführt sind. Weiterhin bevorzugt treten sowohl die Einspeisleitung als auch die Rückleitung aus der Isolierung oder der Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels an einer gemeinsamen Position aus, wobei die Einspeisleitung und die Rückleitung dabei besonders bevorzugt als ein zweiadriges Kabel gebildet sind. Grundsätzlich sind sowohl die Einspeisleitung als auch die Rückleitung jedoch nur an der ersten bzw. zweiten Position leitend mit dem Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels verbunden.Particularly preferably, the feed line and / or the return line extend on the section of the high-current cable within an insulation or a sheathing, in which the feed line and / or the return line are guided parallel to the line element of the high-current cable. Further preferably, both the feed line and the return line emerge from the insulation or the sheathing of the high-current cable at a common position, wherein the feed line and the return line are particularly preferably formed as a two-core cable. In principle, however, both the feed line and the return line are conductively connected to the line element of the high-current cable only at the first or second position.

Gemäß einer ebenfalls besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels sind das erste und/oder das zweite Übertragungsmittel wenigstens abschnittsweise in einer Isolierung oder einer Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels angeordnet, wodurch sich eine besonders leichte Handhabbarkeit des Hochstromkabels ergibt und zugleich eine Veränderung der Messsignale aufgrund unterschiedlich in Bezug zueinander verlaufender, stromführender Leitungen vermieden wird. Ebenfalls bevorzugt treten beide Übertragungsmittel aus der Isolierung oder der Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels an einer gemeinsamen Position aus, so dass beide Übertragungsmittel in besonders einfacher Weise mit einer Vorrichtung zur Erfassung und/oder zur Auswertung des Messsignals verbunden werden können.According to a likewise particularly preferred development of the high-current cable according to the invention, the first and / or the second transmission means are at least partially arranged in an insulation or a sheathing of the high-current cable, resulting in a particularly easy handling of the high-current cable and at the same time a change of the measurement signals due to different with respect to each other extending, current-carrying lines is avoided. Also preferably, both transfer means emerge from the insulation or the sheathing of the high current cable at a common position, so that both transmission means can be connected in a particularly simple manner to a device for detecting and / or evaluating the measurement signal.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels umfasst wenigstens eines, bevorzugt beide Übertragungsmittel eine elektrische Messleitung, die bevorzugt einen Kern aus Metall, insbesondere Kupfer, beispielsweise Kupferdraht oder Kupferlitze umfasst und besonders bevorzugt weiterhin eine Isolierung aufweist. Ebenfalls bevorzugt beträgt der Durchmesser des Kerns aus Metall zwischen 0,5 mm2 und 10 mm2, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 mm2 und 5 mm2 und ganz besonders bevorzugt 2,5 mm2.According to an advantageous embodiment of the high-current cable according to the invention comprises at least one, preferably both transmission means an electrical measuring line, which preferably comprises a core of metal, in particular copper, for example copper wire or copper wire and particularly preferably further comprises an insulation. Also preferably, the diameter of the metal core is between 0.5 mm 2 and 10 mm 2 , more preferably between 1 mm 2 and 5 mm 2, and most preferably 2.5 mm 2 .

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels umfasst wenigstens eines, bevorzugt beide der Übertragungsmittel einen optischen Leiter, insbesondere ein Glasfaserkabel, wobei besonders bevorzugt an jedem optischen Leiter ein Messumformer zur Wandlung eines elektrischen in ein optisches Signal angeordnet ist, wodurch eine besonders schnelle und beispielsweise durch Induktion unbeeinflusste Datenübertragung in vorteilhafter Weise ermöglicht wird und somit die Genauigkeit der Messung verbessert wird. Ebenfalls bevorzugt ist der Messumformer im Bereich des Messpunktes angeordnet und besonders bevorzugt ist der Messumformer vollständig innerhalb einer Ummantelung oder Isolierung des Hochstromkabels angeordnet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the high-current cable according to the invention comprises at least one, preferably both of the transmission means an optical conductor, in particular a fiber optic cable, more preferably at each optical conductor, a transducer for converting an electrical signal into an optical signal is arranged, whereby a particularly fast and, for example By induction uninfluenced data transfer is made possible in an advantageous manner and thus the accuracy of the measurement is improved. Also preferably, the transmitter is arranged in the region of the measuring point, and particularly preferably the transmitter is arranged completely within a casing or insulation of the high-current cable.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels sind am ersten und/oder am zweiten Messpunkt ein im elektrischen Kontakt mit dem Leitungselement des Hochstromkabels befindliches Anschlusselement für ein Messgerät oder eine Messeleitung angeordnet, wodurch in besonders einfacher Weise weitere Messungen bzw. die Erfassung weiterer Messwerte ermöglicht wird. Unter einem Anschlusselemente wird dabei zunächst jede Vorrichtung verstanden, die vorgesehen ist, eine Messeleitung oder ein Messgerät anzuschließen. Insbesondere bevorzugt umfasst das Anschlusselement einen im elektrischen Kontakt mit dem Leitungselement stehenden Bereich sowie eine diesen Bereich vollständig abdeckende, öffenbare, im geschlossenen Zustand isolierende Verschlussvorrichtung, wobei die Verschlussvorrichtung einen elektrischen Zugang zum Leitungselement, insbesondere durch eine Isolierung und/oder einer Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels ermöglicht.According to a preferred embodiment of the high-current cable according to the invention, a connection element for a measuring device or a measuring line which is in electrical contact with the line element of the high-current cable is arranged at the first and / or second measuring point, whereby further measurements or the acquisition of further measured values are made possible in a particularly simple manner , In this case, a connection element is understood to mean first any device which is provided to connect a measuring line or a measuring device. In particular, the connection element preferably comprises a region which is in electrical contact with the line element and a closure device which completely covers this area and can be opened, which in the closed state isolates the closure device, allowing electrical access to the line element, in particular by insulation and / or a jacket of the high-current cable ,

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromkabels ist eine Rogowski-Spule bzw. ein Rogowski-Gürtel das Leitungselement umgebend angeordnet, wobei die Rogowski-Spule besonders bevorzugt innerhalb einer Isolierung oder Ummantelung des Hochstromkabels angeordnet ist. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise die Erfassung weiterer Messwerte, insbesondere der Stromstärke des von einem Messstrom oder einem Hochstrom im Betrieb durchflossen Hochstromkabels.According to an advantageous development of the high-current cable according to the invention, a Rogowski coil or a Rogowski belt is arranged surrounding the line element, wherein the Rogowski coil is particularly preferably arranged within an insulation or sheathing of the high-current cable. This advantageously makes it possible to acquire further measured values, in particular the current intensity of the high current cable through which a measuring current or a high current flows during operation.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt die Abschaltung des Hochstroms mittels einer Schütze, wobei besonders bevorzugt mittels der Schütze zugleich die Einleitung des Messstroms geschaltet wird. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise in einem gemeinsamen Verfahrensschritt die Abschaltung des Hochstroms sowie die Einleitung des Messstroms. Besonders bevorzugt liegt dabei eine Potentialtrennung zwischen dem Hochstromkreis zum Betrieb der Anlage und dem Messstromkreis vor.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the shutdown of the high current by means of a contactor, wherein particularly preferably by means of Sagittarius at the same time the introduction of the measuring current is switched. This advantageously makes it possible, in a common method step, to switch off the high current and to initiate the measuring current. Particularly preferred is a potential separation between the high current circuit for operating the system and the measuring circuit.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Messung eine Erfassung eines Spannungsabfalls, einer Spannungsdifferenz und/oder eines induktiven Blindwiderstandes, wodurch in besonders einfacher Weise eine Veränderung der Struktur des Hochstromkabels, insbesondere des Leitungselements des Hochstromkabels erfasst werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the measurement comprises a detection of a voltage drop, a voltage difference and / or an inductive reactance, whereby a change in the structure of the high current cable, in particular of the line element of the high current cable can be detected in a particularly simple manner.

Gemäß einer ebenfalls bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Auswertung eine Beobachtung einer Signaländerung über ein Zeitintervall und/oder gegenüber einer Referenz, insbesondere gegenüber an einer abgeschirmten Erdung gemessenen Werten. Ganz besonders bevorzugt wird in Betriebspausen der Anlage, beispielsweise zwischen dem Schmelzen verschiedener Metalllegierungen in einem elektrisch betriebenen Ofen, jeweils eine Messung des angeschlossenen Hochstromkabels vorgenommen und auf eine Änderung der Messwerte über die Zeit hin untersucht, die einen Hinweis auf eine Veränderung des Hochstromkabels, insbesondere einen Verschleiß des Leitungselements hinweisen kann.According to a likewise preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the evaluation comprises an observation of a signal change over a time interval and / or with respect to a reference, in particular with respect to values measured at a shielded ground. In particular, a measure of the connected high-current cable is made during pauses in operation of the system, for example between the melting of various metal alloys in an electrically operated oven and examined for a change in the measured values over time, indicating an alteration of the high-current cable, in particular may indicate a wear of the line element.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden mehrere, voneinander isolierte Leitungselemente eines Hochstromkabels bzw. mehrere Hochstromkabel einer elektrischen Hochstromanlage, insbesondere eines elektrisch betriebenen Ofens, der Reihe nach gemessen und anschließend die Messsignale für jedes Leitungselement bzw. jedes Hochstromkabel einzeln und/oder in Bezug zueinander ausgewertet.In an advantageous development of the method according to the invention, a plurality of mutually insulated line elements of a high-current cable or several high-current cables of an electrical high-current system, in particular an electrically operated furnace, are measured in sequence and then the measurement signals for each line element or each high-current cable individually and / or in relation evaluated each other.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird nachstehend mit Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Figur zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Hochstromkabels.
An embodiment of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In the figure shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a high current cable.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte, erste Ausführungsform eines Hochstromkabels 1 weist ein elektrisches Leitungselement 2 sowie eine das elektrische Leitungselement 2 umgebende Ummantelung 9 auf.In the FIG. 1 shown, the first embodiment of a high-current cable 1 has an electrical line element 2 and a surrounding the electrical line element 2 sheath 9.

Das elektrische Leitungselement 2 ist dabei aus einer Kupferlegierung gebildet und weist einen runden Querschnitt mit einem Durchmesser von 7.500 mm2 auf. Die Länge des elektrischen Leitungselements 2 beträgt 8 m.The electrical line element 2 is formed of a copper alloy and has a round cross-section with a diameter of 7,500 mm 2. The length of the electrical conduction element 2 is 8 m.

Im Bereich eines ersten Endes des Hochstromkabels 1 ist eine aus Kupfer gebildete, einen Durchmesser von 50 mm2 aufweisende Einspeisleitung 3 ortsfest mit dem elektrischen Leitungselement 2 unmittelbar an einer ersten Position 5a verbunden. Die Einspeisleitung 3 weist eine Länge von 2 m auf und ist vorgesehen, um einen Messstrom mit einer Stromstärke von 100 A in das elektrische Leitungselement 2 einzuleiten.In the region of a first end of the high-current cable 1, a feed line 3 formed of copper and having a diameter of 50 mm 2 is connected in a stationary manner to the electrical line element 2 directly at a first position 5 a. The feed line 3 has a length of 2 m and is provided to introduce a measuring current with a current of 100 A into the electrical line element 2.

Im Bereich eines zweiten Endes des Hochstromkabels 1 ist eine Rückleitung 4 ortsfest und unmittelbar am Leitungselement an einer zweiten Position 5b angeordnet, wobei die Rückleitung 4 insbesondere im Durchmesser und im Material der Einspeisleitung 3 gleicht. Die Rückleitung weist dabei eine Länge von etwa 8 m auf.In the region of a second end of the high-current cable 1, a return line 4 is stationary and arranged directly on the line element at a second position 5b, wherein the return line 4 in particular in diameter and in the material of the feed line 3. The return line has a length of about 8 m.

Die Einspeisleitung 3 und die Rückleitung 4 sind beide an den jeweils dem elektrischen Leitungselement 2 zugewandten Enden innerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 angeordnet, wobei insbesondere die Rückleitung 4 über eine Strecke von etwa 6 m parallel zum elektrischen Leitungselement 2 innerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 auf die Einspeisleitung 3 hinzu geführt ist, so dass die Einspeisleitung 3 und die Rückleitung 4 die Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 an einer gemeinsamen Position verlassen. Der außerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 befindliche Teil der Einspeisleitung 3 und der Rückleitung 4 ist ein einziges, zweiadriges Kabel bildend von einer Isolierung 10 aus Kunststoff umgeben, wobei dieser Teil der Einspeisleitung 3 und der Rückleitung 4 eine Länge von etwa 1,8 m aufweist.The feed line 3 and the return line 4 are both arranged at the respective electrical line element 2 facing ends within the casing 9 of the high current cable 1, in particular the return line 4 over a distance of about 6 m parallel to the electrical line element 2 within the casing 9 of the high current cable 1 is guided to the feed line 3, so that the feed line 3 and the return line 4 leave the sheath 9 of the high-current cable 1 at a common position. The outside of the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 located part of the feed line 3 and the return line 4 is a single, two-core cable surrounded by an insulation 10 surrounded by plastic, said part of the feed line 3 and the return line 4 has a length of about 1.8 m having.

Der Abstand der ersten Position 5a von der zweiten Position 5b entlang dem elektrischen Leitungselement 2 beträgt dabei etwa 6 m und somit 80 % der Länge des elektrischen Leitungselements 2.The distance of the first position 5a from the second position 5b along the electrical line element 2 is about 6 m and thus 80% of the length of the electrical line element second

Im Bereich des ersten Endes des Hochstromkabels 1 und an der ersten Position 5a ist ein erster Messpunkt 6a angeordnet, an dem ein innerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 angeordneter, erster Messumformer 11 elektrisch leitend mit dem elektrischen Leitungselement 2 verbunden ist.In the region of the first end of the high-current cable 1 and at the first position 5a, a first measuring point 6a is arranged, at which a first measuring transducer 11 arranged inside the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the electrical conducting element 2.

Im Bereich des zweiten Endes des Hochstromkabels 1 ist ein zweiter Messpunkt 6b mit einem zweiten Messumformer 12 angeordnet, so dass der Abstand zwischen dem ersten Messpunkt 6a und dem zweiten Messpunkt 6b entlang der Längsachse des elektrischen Leitungselements 2 6 m beträgt.In the region of the second end of the high current cable 1, a second measuring point 6b is arranged with a second measuring transducer 12, so that the distance between the first measuring point 6a and the second measuring point 6b along the longitudinal axis of the electrical conducting element 2 is 6 m.

Die beiden Messumformer 11, 12 wandeln dabei ein vom elektrischen Leitungselement 2 an den beiden Messpunkten 6a, 6b jeweils aufgenommenes elektrisches Signal in ein optisches Signal um. Das optische Signal wird dann vom ersten Messumformer 11 in ein erstes Übertragungsmittel 7 und vom zweiten Messumformer 12 in ein zweites Übertragungsmittel 8 eingeleitet, wobei beide Übertragungsmittel 7, 8 durch Glasfaserleitung gebildet werden.The two transducers 11, 12 thereby convert an electrical signal picked up by the electrical line element 2 at the two measuring points 6a, 6b into an optical signal. The optical signal is then introduced by the first transmitter 11 in a first transmission means 7 and the second transmitter 12 in a second transmission means 8, wherein both transmission means 7, 8 are formed by optical fiber cable.

Die beiden Übertragungsmittel 7, 8 verlaufen abschnittsweise an den den Messumformern 11, 12 zugewandten Enden innerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1, wobei insbesondere das zweite Übertragungsmittel 8 parallel zum elektrischen Leitungselements 2 innerhalb der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 auf das erst Übertragungsmittel 7 zu verläuft, so dass das erste Übertragungsmittel 7 und das zweite Übertragungsmittel 8 an einer gemeinsamen Position aus der Ummantelung 9 des Hochstromkabels 1 austreten.The two transmission means 7, 8 extend in sections to the transmitters 11, 12 facing ends within the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1, in particular the second transmission means 8 parallel to the electrical line element 2 within the casing 9 of the high-current cable 1 to the first transmission means 7 to in that the first transmission means 7 and the second transmission means 8 emerge at a common position from the jacket 9 of the high-current cable 1.

Eine Messung zur Ermittlung des Verschleißgrades des Hochstromkabels 1 erfolgt, indem zunächst ein für den Betrieb einer entsprechenden Anlage notwendiger Hochstrom auf dem Hochstromkabel 1 abgeschaltet wird und nachfolgend über die Einspeisleitung 3 sowie die Rückleitung 4 einen Messstrom mit einer Stromstärke von 100 A für eine Dauer von wenigstens 5 s eingeleitet wird.A measurement for determining the degree of wear of the high-current cable 1 takes place by first switching off a high current on the high-current cable 1 which is necessary for the operation of a corresponding system and subsequently via the supply line 3 and the return line 4 a measuring current with a current of 100 A for a duration of at least 5 s is initiated.

Während der Messstrom am elektrischen Leitungselement 2, insbesondere zwischen der ersten Position 5a und der zweiten Position 5b anliegt, wird jeweils am ersten und am zweiten Messpunkt 6a, 6b durch die beiden Messumformer 11, 12 wenigstens die Spannung am elektrischen Leitungselement 2 gegenüber einer abgeschirmten Erdung ermittelt, jeweils in ein optisches Signal gewandelt und mittels der beide Übertragungsmittel 7, 8 an eine Auswertungseinheit weitergeleitet.While the measuring current is applied to the electrical line element 2, in particular between the first position 5a and the second position 5b, at least the voltage is at each of the first and the second measuring point 6a, 6b through the two measuring transducers 11, 12 determined at the electrical line element 2 with respect to a shielded ground, each converted into an optical signal and forwarded by means of the two transmission means 7, 8 to an evaluation unit.

In der Auswertungseinheit werden anschließend die gemessenen Signale ausgewertet und eine Kennzahl für den Grad des Verschleißes des Hochstromkabels 1 ermittelt, wobei die Auswertung wenigstens auf der zeitlichen Änderung eines im Rahmen mehrerer verschiedener Messungen ermittelten Spannungsabfalls zwischen dem ersten Messpunkt 6a und dem zweiten Messpunkt 6b beruht.In the evaluation unit, the measured signals are then evaluated and an index of the degree of wear of the high current cable 1 is determined, wherein the evaluation is based at least on the change over time of a determined in a variety of measurements voltage drop between the first measuring point 6a and the second measuring point 6b.

Weiterhin ist im Rahmen der Auswertung vorgesehen, sämtliche in der Anlage verbauten Hochstromkabel 1 zunächst einzelnen und nacheinander zu messen sowie zunächst für jedes Hochstromkabel 1 unabhängig von den weiteren Hochstromkabel 1 die jeweilige Kennzahl für den Verschleißgrad des Hochstromkabels 1 zu bestimmen. Nachfolgend können darüber hinaus auch die Messsignale und/oder die Kennzahlen der einzelnen Hochstromkabel 1 zueinander in Bezug gesetzt werden, um über ein einzelnes Hochstromkabel 1 hinausgehende Informationen über den Zustand der gesamten Anlage zu erhalten.Furthermore, it is provided in the context of the evaluation to measure all installed in the system high-current cable 1 first and successively and first for each high-current cable 1 regardless of the other high-current cable 1 to determine the respective index for the degree of wear of the high-current cable 1. Subsequently, in addition, the measurement signals and / or the characteristics of the individual high-current cable 1 can be set in relation to each other in order to obtain information about the state of the entire system beyond a single high-current cable 1.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
HochstromkabelHigh power cables
22
elektrisches Leitungselementelectrical conduction element
33
Einspeisleitungfeed line
44
Rückleitungreturn
5a5a
erste Positionfirst position
5b5b
zweite Positionsecond position
6a6a
erster Messpunktfirst measuring point
6b6b
zweite Messpunktsecond measuring point
77
erstes Übertragungsmittelfirst transmission means
88th
zweites Übertragungsmittelsecond transmission means
99
Ummantelungjacket
1010
Isolierunginsulation
1111
erster Messumformerfirst transmitter
1212
zweiter Messumformersecond transmitter

Claims (15)

  1. A high current cable (1) for electrically operated ovens, installations for electroslag remelting processes and reduction ovens, with:
    - at least one electrical conducting element (2),
    - a feedline (3) arranged at a first position (5a) of the conducting element (2) for a measuring current, and
    - a return line (4) arranged at a second position (5b) of the conducting element (2) for the measuring current,
    - a first and second measuring point (6a, b) arranged on the conducting element, and
    - a first transmitting means (7) that is for a first measuring signal and is connected to the first measuring point (6a), and a second transmitting means (8) that is for a second measuring signal and is connected to the second measuring point (6b),
    characterized in that
    the feedline (3) and/or the return line (4) are arranged at least sectionally in an insulation or a sheath (9) of the high current cable (1).
  2. The high current cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second measuring point (6a, b) are arranged along the conducting element (2) at a distance from each other to form a measuring path.
  3. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring path has a length of between 10% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 90%, and particularly preferably between 35% and 65% of the length of the conducting element (2).
  4. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first measuring point (6a) is arranged at the first position (5a), and/or the second measuring point (6b) is arranged at the second position (5b).
  5. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first position (5a) along the conducting element (2) at least has a distance from the second position (5b) of between 10% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 90%, and particularly preferably between 35% and 65% of the length of the conducting element (2).
  6. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the feedline (3) as well as the return line (4) exit from the insulation or the sheath (9) of the high current cable (1) at a common position.
  7. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and/or second transmission means (7, 8) are arranged at least sectionally in an insulation or sheath (9) of the high current cable (1), and both transmission means (7, 8) preferably exit from the insulation or the sheath (9) of the high current cable (1) at a common position.
  8. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, preferably both transmission means (7, 8) comprise an electrical conductor.
  9. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, preferably both of the transmission means (7, 8) comprise an optical conductor, in particular a glass fiber cable, wherein a measuring transducer (11, 12) is preferably arranged on each optical conductor to transform an electrical signal into an optical signal.
  10. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connecting element for a measuring device or a measuring line is arranged on the first and/or second measuring point (6a, b) and is in electrical contact with the conducting element (2) of the high current cable (1).
  11. The high current cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Rogowski coil is arranged around the conducting element (2), wherein the Rogowski coil is preferably arranged within an insulation or a sheath (9) of the high current cable (1).
  12. A method for determining the degree of wear of a high current cable for electrically operated ovens and for electroslag remelting installations, comprising the steps:
    - deactivating a high current for operating the oven or the installation,
    - injecting a measuring current via a feedline connected to a conducting element of the high current cable at a first position and by means of a return line arranged at a second position of the conducting element,
    - measuring at least one measuring signal at two measuring points at a distance from each other that are arranged on the conducting element,
    - evaluating the measuring signal and determining the degree of wear of the high current cable.
  13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the high current is deactivated with a contactor, wherein the injection of the measuring current is preferably also switched with the contactor.
  14. The method according to at least one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the measurement comprises detecting a drop in voltage, difference in voltage, and/or an inductive reactance.
  15. The method according to at least one of claims 12-14, characterized in that the evaluation comprises an observation of a signal change over an interval in time, and/or relative to a reference, in particular relative to values measured at a shielded ground.
EP16171148.6A 2015-06-10 2016-05-24 High current cable and method for determining the wear of high current cables Active EP3104373B1 (en)

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DE (1) DE102015109194B4 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017203153A1 (en) 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rigid, electrically conductive connecting element and method for producing a rigid, electrically conductive connecting element
CN114740244B (en) * 2022-04-01 2023-06-20 核工业西南物理研究院 Rogowski coil probe for plasma current distribution diagnosis

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DE2333897C3 (en) * 1973-06-29 1978-10-26 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Circuit arrangement for monitoring moving electrical lines for insulation faults
DE3615557A1 (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-12 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Device for measuring current in a power cable, with the use of optical transmission lines (LWL)
DE102011016966A1 (en) * 2011-04-13 2012-10-18 Saveway Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooling duct for high power cable used for induction furnace, has line sensor for detecting temperature of cooling portion, which is provided with distributed measurement points over the length of cooling portion
FR3007188B1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2015-06-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE WEAR OF AN ELECTRIC CABLE

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ES2663919T3 (en) 2018-04-17
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PL3104373T3 (en) 2018-07-31
EP3104373A1 (en) 2016-12-14

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