EP3101677B1 - Pyrotechnical device for electronic circuit - Google Patents

Pyrotechnical device for electronic circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3101677B1
EP3101677B1 EP16171457.1A EP16171457A EP3101677B1 EP 3101677 B1 EP3101677 B1 EP 3101677B1 EP 16171457 A EP16171457 A EP 16171457A EP 3101677 B1 EP3101677 B1 EP 3101677B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
circuit
electronic circuit
component
conductors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP16171457.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3101677A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Perichon
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material

Definitions

  • the present description generally relates to electronic systems and, more particularly, to a component or electronic power circuit equipped with a pyrotechnic safety device.
  • power components power transistors, diodes, thyristors, triacs, etc. having automatic or controlled switching functions are used. These components are found, for example, in the control inverters of an engine (typically in an electric vehicle), power converters, as well as in power circuit breakers such as circuit breakers, static contactors, etc.
  • the document FR-A-3005782 discloses a disconnector for a DC power source, based on an opening of a pyrotechnic trigger contact.
  • the explosion of the pyrotechnic element is controlled by an external control and the gases produced by the explosion spread in a dilation chamber and cause a movable blade that breaks the electrical conductor to cut.
  • the document EP-A-1709335 as well as the document DE 199 60 597 A1 describe a pyrotechnic microsystem in which a pyrotechnic material is deposited on a substrate.
  • the explosion of the pyrotechnic material generates a quantity of gas causing actuation.
  • the initiation of the pyrotechnic material is caused by a heating resistive track or wire in which is triggered by a control unit, the flow of a current.
  • EP-A-1344744 describes a pyrotechnically actuated microvalve, based on the triggering of a pyrotechnic material deposited on an electrical resistance.
  • an external control element causes the triggering of the pyrotechnic charge.
  • One embodiment overcomes all or part of the disadvantages of the usual power electronic circuits.
  • One embodiment provides a solution that avoids a short-circuit failure of a power component.
  • One embodiment provides an improved pyrotechnic solution.
  • an embodiment provides a pyrotechnic device according to claim 1.
  • the explosion of the pyrotechnic material causes the rupture of all conductors electrically in parallel.
  • the device further comprises at least one rigid element capable of being propelled towards the conductor (s) by the pyrotechnic gases.
  • the thickness of the pyrotechnic material is between 10 and 100 micrometers.
  • the pyrotechnic material is electrically insulating.
  • the device further comprises a housing covering, at least partially, the electronic circuit and the pyrotechnic device.
  • the housing is formed of an encapsulating material covering the circuit and the pyrotechnic device and at least partially embedding the conductor or conductors.
  • the housing is hollow.
  • the electronic circuit integrates a power switch.
  • One embodiment provides a method for producing a pyrotechnic device, wherein a material pyrotechnic is deposited in the liquid state on the electronic circuit.
  • the terms “approximately”, “substantially” and “of the order of” mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B represent, respectively in perspective and in section, and very schematically, an embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety device power circuit.
  • a power component 2 is, for example, carried by an electronic card 1 (for example a printed circuit board - PCB).
  • the power component 2 for example, a diode, a transistor, a thyristor, a triac, etc. is made in a semiconductor substrate (for example made of silicon) and comprises electrical contacts 22 intended to receive conductors, for example wires 32, for electrical connection to other elements (not shown) of the circuit or of the electronic system.
  • a peculiarity of this pyrotechnic security is that the explosion is initiated by the failure itself without the need for external control.
  • the pyrotechnic safety device comprises a layer of pyrotechnic material 42 deposited on the component 2.
  • the function of the pyrotechnic material is to cause the rupture of at least one conductor 32, under the effect of the gases produced during its explosion. If several conductors are electrically in parallel, the pyrotechnic material causes all these conductors to break in order to guarantee a break in the electrical connection.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are partial sectional views illustrating the triggering of the pyrotechnic security according to an embodiment of a power component.
  • Figures 2A and 2B represent an enlargement of the Figure 1B at the active (semiconductor) region of the power component 2 made in the semiconductor substrate.
  • the Figure 2A illustrates the triggering of pyrotechnic safety and the Figure 2B illustrates its action on one of the conductive wires 32.
  • the current generally from about ten amperes to a few hundred amperes according to the circuits, which circulates in the active zone 24 of the component does not generate a rise in temperature likely to explode the pyrotechnic material.
  • the current supplied by the conductor (s) 32 and flowing in the component tends to focus on the fault area because its resistance is lower than in the rest of the component. This locally generates an increase in the current which causes the melting of the materials (metal, silicon, etc.) of this zone, decreasing the local resistance and causing a runaway effect.
  • the hot spot that is created and the local melting of the materials cause the triggering of the security by the explosion of the pyrotechnic material.
  • the gases caused by this explosion then break the conducting wire 32 ( Figure 2B ) or the parallel conductors.
  • the security acts on (and destroys) its own trigger element (or the conductive son 32). Therefore, this guarantees an opening of the electrical circuit even if, at component 2, the failure has resulted in a short circuit.
  • Mechanical failure of the conductor 32 or electrically parallel conductors ensures that the failure results in an open circuit. In the case of series conductors, simply break the serial connection.
  • the pyrotechnic material 42 is preferably present at least vertically above the conductors 32 to be broken by the pyrotechnic action. This improves its effect.
  • the assembly is preferably in a closed chamber as will be seen later in connection with the figure 4 .
  • the integration of the pyrotechnic material is carried out at the end of manufacture of the component or the circuit, after the soldering of the conductors 32 on the contacts 22.
  • the material is preferably deposited in liquid or pasty form so as to be distributed on the component and to be inserted vertically above the conductor (s) 32.
  • the pyrotechnic material is for example deposited with a thickness of a few micrometers.
  • a nitrocellulose varnish can be used which ignites at a temperature of the order of 160 to 170 ° C., provided that this is compatible with the subsequent manufacturing steps (for example, in which case cold welding for subsequent steps) and in particular the encapsulation of the component.
  • the material is a polymer of the family of glycidyl azide polymers (Glycidyl azide polymers - GAPs) whose ignition temperature is about 573 ° C.
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view from above of another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component.
  • the pyrotechnic safety device 4 comprises, in addition to the layer 42 of pyrotechnic material, a rigid intermediate element 44 between the pyrotechnic material 42 and the conductor or conductors 32.
  • element 44 acts as a projectile during the explosion of the pyrotechnic material 42 and facilitates the breakage of the conductors.
  • the element 44 is disposed on the pyrotechnic material, for example glued (which is easy if the pyrotechnic material is deposited in the form of a liquid varnish), and is located under the conductor or drivers to be sectioned.
  • Element 44 may be in one piece as shown in FIG. figure 3 or consisting of several projectiles.
  • the element 44 is insulating to avoid any risk of creating a short circuit between conductors 32 in normal operation.
  • the figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component, illustrating different variants.
  • This embodiment includes a housing 6 covering the electronic circuit and in particular the power component 2.
  • the component 2 is connected, by one or more conductive tracks 34, for example made of copper, to a connecting lug opening out of the housing 6.
  • the track 34 represents a ground plane of the power component or backside electrode.
  • an upper contact of the component 2 is connected, by a conductive wire 32, to a copper track 36 of the circuit 1, connected to another connecting lug 37.
  • the pyrotechnic material 42 is deposited only on the component and on the copper track 34 to surround the lug 35 (and pass below the lug 35 if it has horizontal portions internal to the housing 6). Thus, during the activation of the pyrotechnic material 42, the tab 35 and the wire 32 are broken.
  • the housing 6 is empty, at least in the vicinity of this element to allow projection.
  • the housing is full.
  • the component assembly 2, material 42 and wire 32 is embedded in encapsulating resin (for example epoxy resin).
  • an intermediate element 44 has no effect.
  • the fact that the wire 32 is embedded in the resin that, during a pyrotechnic trip destroying the housing, the wire 32 embedded in the resin is torn off.
  • the tab 35 in order to facilitate the breakage of the tab 35, it includes a weakened zone 352, for example an indentation. This notch must however be such that the lug 35 retains a section adapted to the flow of normal operating current. Where appropriate, the passage of the housing 6 by the lug 35 is a rigid connection. This helps to facilitate breakage during the pyrotechnic effect.
  • the pyrotechnic material 42 extends over the entire circuit 1 inside the housing 6.
  • the figure 5 is a schematic sectional view, yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component.
  • two circuits 1 and 1 ' are connected by connecting balls (BGA).
  • BGA connecting balls
  • the gap between the balls and, preferably, between the circuits 1 and 1 ', is filled with pyrotechnic material.
  • this material serves to encapsulate the component while providing protection.
  • An advantage of the embodiments that have been described is that the security is particularly fast to be triggered.
  • Another advantage is that the absence of a control circuit ensures reliable operation. Indeed, since the trigger is exclusively thermal, no electronic failure can prevent this trigger.
  • Another advantage is that the safety device is particularly easy to achieve.
  • the thickness of the pyrotechnic material is between 10 and 100 micrometers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Description

DomaineField

La présente description concerne de façon générale les systèmes électroniques et, plus particulièrement, un composant ou circuit électronique de puissance équipé d'une sécurité pyrotechnique.The present description generally relates to electronic systems and, more particularly, to a component or electronic power circuit equipped with a pyrotechnic safety device.

Exposé de l'art antérieurPresentation of the prior art

Dans les circuits électroniques de puissance, on utilise des composants de puissance (transistors de puissance, diodes, thyristors, triacs, etc.) ayant des fonctions de commutation automatique ou commandée. Ces composants se retrouvent, par exemple, dans les onduleurs de commande d'un moteur (typiquement dans un véhicule électrique), les convertisseurs de puissance, ainsi que dans les coupe-circuits de puissance tels que les disjoncteurs, contacteurs statiques, etc.In the power electronic circuits, power components (power transistors, diodes, thyristors, triacs, etc.) having automatic or controlled switching functions are used. These components are found, for example, in the control inverters of an engine (typically in an electric vehicle), power converters, as well as in power circuit breakers such as circuit breakers, static contactors, etc.

En cas de défaillance d'un interrupteur de puissance, il est particulièrement important que cette défaillance se traduise par une ouverture du circuit (interruption de la connexion effectuée par le composant de puissance) et non par un court-circuit. En effet, une défaillance en court-circuit peut se traduire par une mise en court-circuit de la source d'alimentation du système et engendrer des courants très importants de plusieurs milliers d'ampères. De tels courants engendrent des surchauffes telles que le système peut prendre feu, ce qui est particulièrement dangereux.In case of failure of a power switch, it is particularly important that this failure results in an opening of the circuit (interruption of the connection made by the power component) and not a short circuit. Indeed, a short-circuit failure can result in a short circuit of the power source of the system and generate very large currents of several thousand amperes. Such currents cause overheating such as the system can catch fire, which is particularly dangerous.

L'utilisation d'un fusible entre la source d'énergie et le système électronique de puissance s'avère parfois insuffisante.The use of a fuse between the power source and the electronic power system is sometimes insufficient.

On a déjà proposé d'utiliser des éléments pyrotechniques pour provoquer une ouverture d'un circuit électrique et garantir l'ouverture en circuit ouvert et non en court-circuit en cas de défaillance se traduisant par un courant trop élevé.It has already been proposed to use pyrotechnic elements to cause an opening of an electrical circuit and to guarantee opening in an open circuit and not a short circuit in the event of failure resulting in a current that is too high.

Le document FR-A-3005782 décrit un sectionneur pour source d'alimentation électrique continue de puissance, basé sur une ouverture d'un contact par déclenchement pyrotechnique. L'explosion de l'élément pyrotechnique est commandée par une commande externe et les gaz produits par l'explosion se répandent dans une chambre de dilatation et entrainent une lame mobile qui rompt le conducteur électrique à sectionner.The document FR-A-3005782 discloses a disconnector for a DC power source, based on an opening of a pyrotechnic trigger contact. The explosion of the pyrotechnic element is controlled by an external control and the gases produced by the explosion spread in a dilation chamber and cause a movable blade that breaks the electrical conductor to cut.

Le document EP-A-1709335 ainsi que le document DE 199 60 597 A1 décrivent un microsystème pyrotechnique dans lequel un matériau pyrotechnique est déposé sur un substrat. L'explosion du matériau pyrotechnique génère une quantité de gaz provoquant un actionnement. L'initiation de la matière pyrotechnique est provoquée par une piste ou fil résistif chauffant dans lequel on déclenche, par une centrale de commande, la circulation d'un courant.The document EP-A-1709335 as well as the document DE 199 60 597 A1 describe a pyrotechnic microsystem in which a pyrotechnic material is deposited on a substrate. The explosion of the pyrotechnic material generates a quantity of gas causing actuation. The initiation of the pyrotechnic material is caused by a heating resistive track or wire in which is triggered by a control unit, the flow of a current.

Le document EP-A-1344744 décrit une microvanne à actionnement pyrotechnique, basée sur le déclenchement d'un matériau pyrotechnique déposé sur une résistance électrique.The document EP-A-1344744 describes a pyrotechnically actuated microvalve, based on the triggering of a pyrotechnic material deposited on an electrical resistance.

Dans tous ces systèmes, un élément de commande externe provoque le déclenchement de la charge pyrotechnique.In all these systems, an external control element causes the triggering of the pyrotechnic charge.

Résumésummary

Un mode de réalisation pallie tout ou partie des inconvénients des circuits électroniques de puissance usuels.One embodiment overcomes all or part of the disadvantages of the usual power electronic circuits.

Un mode de réalisation propose une solution évitant une défaillance en court-circuit d'un composant de puissance.One embodiment provides a solution that avoids a short-circuit failure of a power component.

Un mode de réalisation propose une solution pyrotechnique améliorée.One embodiment provides an improved pyrotechnic solution.

Ainsi, un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif pyrotechnique selon la revendication 1. Selon un mode de réalisation, l'explosion du matériau pyrotechnique provoque la rupture de tous les conducteurs électriquement en parallèle.Thus, an embodiment provides a pyrotechnic device according to claim 1. According to one embodiment, the explosion of the pyrotechnic material causes the rupture of all conductors electrically in parallel.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte en outre au moins un élément rigide apte à être propulsé en direction du ou des conducteurs par les gaz pyrotechniques.According to one embodiment, the device further comprises at least one rigid element capable of being propelled towards the conductor (s) by the pyrotechnic gases.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'épaisseur du matériau pyrotechnique est comprise entre 10 et 100 micromètres.According to one embodiment, the thickness of the pyrotechnic material is between 10 and 100 micrometers.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau pyrotechnique est électriquement isolant.According to one embodiment, the pyrotechnic material is electrically insulating.

Un mode de réalisation prévoit également un dispositif électronique comportant :

  • un circuit électronique ; et
  • un dispositif pyrotechnique.
An embodiment also provides an electronic device comprising:
  • an electronic circuit; and
  • a pyrotechnic device.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte en outre un boîtier recouvrant, au moins partiellement, le circuit électronique et le dispositif pyrotechnique.According to one embodiment, the device further comprises a housing covering, at least partially, the electronic circuit and the pyrotechnic device.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le boîtier est formé d'un matériau d'encapsulation recouvrant le circuit et le dispositif pyrotechnique et noyant au moins partiellement le ou les conducteurs.According to one embodiment, the housing is formed of an encapsulating material covering the circuit and the pyrotechnic device and at least partially embedding the conductor or conductors.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le boîtier est creux.According to one embodiment, the housing is hollow.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le circuit électronique intègre un commutateur de puissance.According to one embodiment, the electronic circuit integrates a power switch.

Un mode de réalisation prévoit un procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif pyrotechnique, dans lequel un matériau pyrotechnique est déposé à l'état liquide sur le circuit électronique.One embodiment provides a method for producing a pyrotechnic device, wherein a material pyrotechnic is deposited in the liquid state on the electronic circuit.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Ces caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres, seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • les figures 1A et 1B représentent, respectivement en perspective et en coupe, et de façon très schématique, un mode de réalisation d'un circuit électronique de puissance à dispositif de sécurité pyrotechnique ;
  • les figures 2A et 2B sont des vues partielles en coupe illustrant le déclenchement de la sécurité pyrotechnique selon un mode de réalisation d'un circuit de puissance ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique de dessus d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un circuit de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un circuit de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique, illustrant différentes variantes ; et
  • la figure 5 représente, par une vue schématique en coupe, encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un circuit de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique.
These and other features and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments in a non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1A and 1B represent, respectively in perspective and in section, and very schematically, an embodiment of a power electronic circuit with a pyrotechnic safety device;
  • the Figures 2A and 2B are partial sectional views illustrating the triggering of the pyrotechnic security according to an embodiment of a power circuit;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic top view of another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power circuit;
  • the figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power circuit, illustrating different variants; and
  • the figure 5 is a schematic sectional view, yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power circuit.

Description détailléedetailed description

Par souci de clarté, seuls les éléments qui sont utiles à la compréhension des modes de réalisation décrits ont été représentés et seront détaillés. En particulier, la réalisation du composant de puissance lui-même (transistor, thyristor, triac, diode, etc.), c'est-à-dire de sa partie active par exemple en matériau semiconducteur n'a pas été détaillée, les modes de réalisation décrits étant compatibles avec les technologies usuelles de fabrication de composants (semiconducteurs ou non) de puissance. De plus, les applications du circuit électronique intégrant le composant de puissance n'ont pas été détaillées, les modes de réalisation décrits étant, là encore, compatibles avec les applications usuelles de composants de puissance.For the sake of clarity, only the elements that are useful for understanding the described embodiments have been shown and will be detailed. In particular, the realization of the power component itself (transistor, thyristor, triac, diode, etc.), that is to say of its active part for example of semiconductor material has not been detailed, the modes described embodiments being compatible with the usual technologies for manufacturing components (semiconductors or not) power. In addition, the applications of the electronic circuit integrating the power component have not been detailed, the described embodiments being, again, compatible with the usual applications of power components.

Il est à noter que, sur les figures, les éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différents modes de réalisation peuvent présenter les mêmes références et peuvent disposer de propriétés structurelles, dimensionnelles et matérielles identiques.It should be noted that, in the figures, the structural and / or functional elements common to the various embodiments may have the same references and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.

Sauf précision contraire, les expressions "approximativement", "sensiblement" et "de l'ordre de" signifient à 10 % près, de préférence à 5 % près.Unless otherwise specified, the terms "approximately", "substantially" and "of the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

La présente description fera référence à un exemple d'application à un circuit électronique constitué d'un composant semiconducteur de puissance. Toutefois, on notera que les modes de réalisation qui vont être décrits s'appliquent plus généralement à tout circuit électronique intégrant un ou plusieurs composants de puissance.The present description will refer to an example of application to an electronic circuit consisting of a semiconductor power component. However, it will be noted that the embodiments which will be described apply more generally to any electronic circuit incorporating one or more power components.

Les figures 1A et 1B représentent, respectivement en perspective et en coupe, et de façon très schématique, un mode de réalisation d'un circuit de puissance à dispositif de sécurité pyrotechnique.The Figures 1A and 1B represent, respectively in perspective and in section, and very schematically, an embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety device power circuit.

Un composant de puissance 2 est, par exemple, porté par une carte électronique 1 (par exemple une carte de circuit imprimé - PCB). Le composant de puissance 2, par exemple, une diode, un transistor, un thyristor, un triac, etc. est réalisé dans un substrat semiconducteur (par exemple en silicium) et comporte des contacts électriques 22 destinés à recevoir des conducteurs, par exemple des fils 32, de raccordement électrique à d'autres éléments (non représentés) du circuit ou du système électronique.A power component 2 is, for example, carried by an electronic card 1 (for example a printed circuit board - PCB). The power component 2, for example, a diode, a transistor, a thyristor, a triac, etc. is made in a semiconductor substrate (for example made of silicon) and comprises electrical contacts 22 intended to receive conductors, for example wires 32, for electrical connection to other elements (not shown) of the circuit or of the electronic system.

On prévoit d'adjoindre, au composant de puissance, une sécurité pyrotechnique apte à rompre un ou plusieurs conducteurs de raccordement électrique en cas de défaillance du composant.It is planned to add, to the power component, a pyrotechnic security capable of breaking one or more electrical connection conductors in case of failure of the component.

Une particularité de cette sécurité pyrotechnique est que l'explosion est initiée par la défaillance elle-même sans qu'il y ait besoin d'une commande externe.A peculiarity of this pyrotechnic security is that the explosion is initiated by the failure itself without the need for external control.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1A et 1B, le dispositif de sécurité pyrotechnique comporte une couche de matériau pyrotechnique 42 déposée sur le composant 2. La fonction du matériau pyrotechnique est de provoquer la rupture d'au moins un conducteur 32, sous l'effet des gaz produits lors de son explosion. Si plusieurs conducteurs sont électriquement en parallèle, le matériau pyrotechnique provoque la rupture de tous ces conducteurs afin de garantir une rupture de la connexion électrique.According to the embodiment shown in Figures 1A and 1B , the pyrotechnic safety device comprises a layer of pyrotechnic material 42 deposited on the component 2. The function of the pyrotechnic material is to cause the rupture of at least one conductor 32, under the effect of the gases produced during its explosion. If several conductors are electrically in parallel, the pyrotechnic material causes all these conductors to break in order to guarantee a break in the electrical connection.

Les figures 2A et 2B sont des vues partielles en coupe illustrant le déclenchement de la sécurité pyrotechnique selon un mode de réalisation d'un composant de puissance. A titre d'exemple, on considère que les figures 2A et 2B représentent un agrandissement de la figure 1B au niveau de la zone active (semiconductrice) du composant de puissance 2 réalisé dans le substrat semiconducteur. La figure 2A illustre le déclenchement de la sécurité pyrotechnique et la figure 2B illustre son action sur un des fils conducteurs 32.The Figures 2A and 2B are partial sectional views illustrating the triggering of the pyrotechnic security according to an embodiment of a power component. For example, it is considered that Figures 2A and 2B represent an enlargement of the Figure 1B at the active (semiconductor) region of the power component 2 made in the semiconductor substrate. The Figure 2A illustrates the triggering of pyrotechnic safety and the Figure 2B illustrates its action on one of the conductive wires 32.

En fonctionnement normal, le courant généralement de la dizaine d'ampères à quelques centaines d'ampères selon les circuits, qui circule dans la zone active 24 du composant n'engendre pas une élévation de température susceptible de faire exploser le matériau pyrotechnique.In normal operation, the current generally from about ten amperes to a few hundred amperes according to the circuits, which circulates in the active zone 24 of the component does not generate a rise in temperature likely to explode the pyrotechnic material.

A l'apparition d'une défaillance dans le composant (par exemple, claquage d'un diélectrique, fissure dans le composant, etc.) le courant amené par le ou les conducteurs 32 et circulant dans le composant a tendance à se concentrer sur la zone du défaut car sa résistance est plus faible que dans le reste du composant. Cela engendre localement une augmentation du courant qui provoque la fusion des matériaux (métal, silicium, etc.) de cette zone, diminuant la résistance locale et provoquant un effet d'emballement. Le point chaud qui se crée et la fusion locale des matériaux provoquent le déclenchement de la sécurité par l'explosion du matériau pyrotechnique. Les gaz provoqués par cette explosion rompent alors le fil conducteur 32 (figure 2B) ou les fils conducteurs en parallèle.At the occurrence of a failure in the component (e.g., breakdown of a dielectric, crack in the component, etc.) the current supplied by the conductor (s) 32 and flowing in the component tends to focus on the fault area because its resistance is lower than in the rest of the component. This locally generates an increase in the current which causes the melting of the materials (metal, silicon, etc.) of this zone, decreasing the local resistance and causing a runaway effect. The hot spot that is created and the local melting of the materials cause the triggering of the security by the explosion of the pyrotechnic material. The gases caused by this explosion then break the conducting wire 32 ( Figure 2B ) or the parallel conductors.

Ainsi, la sécurité agit sur (et détruit) son propre élément déclencheur (le ou les fils conducteurs 32). Par conséquent, cela garantit une ouverture du circuit électrique même si, au niveau du composant 2, la défaillance s'est traduite par un court-circuit. La rupture mécanique du conducteur 32 ou des conducteurs électriquement en parallèle garantit que la défaillance se traduise par un circuit ouvert. Dans le cas de conducteurs en série, il suffit de rompre la connexion série.Thus, the security acts on (and destroys) its own trigger element (or the conductive son 32). Therefore, this guarantees an opening of the electrical circuit even if, at component 2, the failure has resulted in a short circuit. Mechanical failure of the conductor 32 or electrically parallel conductors ensures that the failure results in an open circuit. In the case of series conductors, simply break the serial connection.

On notera que le composant et le circuit électronique sont alors détruits (la sécurité n'est pas réamorçable). C'est cependant l'effet recherché dans les applications visées.Note that the component and the electronic circuit are then destroyed (the security is not rebootable). However, this is the desired effect in the targeted applications.

Le matériau pyrotechnique 42 est, de préférence, présent au moins à l'aplomb des conducteurs 32 à rompre par l'action pyrotechnique. Cela permet d'améliorer son effet.The pyrotechnic material 42 is preferably present at least vertically above the conductors 32 to be broken by the pyrotechnic action. This improves its effect.

Par ailleurs, afin d'optimiser l'action des gaz, l'ensemble est de préférence dans une enceinte fermée comme on le verra par la suite en relation avec la figure 4.Moreover, in order to optimize the action of the gases, the assembly is preferably in a closed chamber as will be seen later in connection with the figure 4 .

Le matériau pyrotechnique est, de préférence, choisi pour présenter tout ou partie des propriétés suivantes :

  • Etre un isolant électrique dans la mesure où il recouvre ou rejoint des zones conductrices distinctes. Plus précisément, le courant de fuite généré par le matériau pyrotechnique ne doit pas excéder celui du composant lui-même.
  • Ne pas déclencher à des températures homogènes correspondant aux températures de fonctionnement du composant. De préférence, on choisira un matériau pyrotechnique déclenchant à des températures supérieures à environ 150°C et préférentiellement supérieures à environ 300°C. L'inventeur a en effet constaté qu'une défaillance se traduisait généralement par un point chaud à plus d'environ 500°C. Le fait que le matériau pyrotechnique ne se déclenche pas en dessous de 500 ou 600 °C présente l'avantage de pouvoir le déposer sur le composant avant certaines étapes de soudure du composant qui engendrent généralement des températures de l'ordre de 300 à 400°C, qui risqueraient autrement d'amorcer la sécurité intempestivement.
  • Que les résidus de combustion de la couche pyrotechnique soient suffisamment isolants pour ne pas générer de courant de fuite important.
  • Etre déclenchable par un point chaud d'une surface de quelques micromètres carrés en moins de quelques centaines de microsecondes à quelques centaines de millisecondes.
The pyrotechnic material is preferably selected to exhibit all or some of the following properties:
  • Being an electrical insulator insofar as it covers or joins separate conductive areas. More precisely, the leakage current generated by the pyrotechnic material must not exceed that of the component itself.
  • Do not trip at homogeneous temperatures corresponding to the operating temperatures of the component. Preferably, a pyrotechnic material will be selected which triggers at temperatures above about 150 ° C. and preferably above about 300 ° C. The inventor has indeed found that a failure usually resulted in a hot spot at more than about 500 ° C. The fact that the pyrotechnic material does not fire below 500 or 600 ° C has the advantage of being able to deposit it on the component before certain welding steps of the component which generally generate temperatures in the order of 300 to 400 ° C, which would otherwise risk initiating the security inadvertently.
  • That the combustion residues of the pyrotechnic layer are sufficiently insulating so as not to generate a large leakage current.
  • Be triggerable by a hot spot of an area of a few square microns in less than a few hundred microseconds to a few hundred milliseconds.

De préférence, l'intégration du matériau pyrotechnique est effectuée en fin de fabrication du composant ou du circuit, après la soudure des conducteurs 32 sur les contacts 22.Preferably, the integration of the pyrotechnic material is carried out at the end of manufacture of the component or the circuit, after the soldering of the conductors 32 on the contacts 22.

Le matériau est de préférence déposé sous forme liquide ou pâteuse afin de se répartir sur le composant et de s'insérer à l'aplomb du ou des conducteurs 32. Le matériau pyrotechnique est par exemple déposé avec une épaisseur de quelques micromètres.The material is preferably deposited in liquid or pasty form so as to be distributed on the component and to be inserted vertically above the conductor (s) 32. The pyrotechnic material is for example deposited with a thickness of a few micrometers.

A titre d'exemple particulier de réalisation, on pourra utiliser un verni en nitrocellulose qui s'enflamme à une température de l'ordre de 160 à 170°C, pourvu que cela soit compatible avec les étapes de fabrication ultérieures (par exemple, cas de soudure à froid pour les étapes ultérieures) et notamment de l'encapsulation du composant.As a particular embodiment, a nitrocellulose varnish can be used which ignites at a temperature of the order of 160 to 170 ° C., provided that this is compatible with the subsequent manufacturing steps (for example, in which case cold welding for subsequent steps) and in particular the encapsulation of the component.

Selon un autre exemple, le matériau est un polymère de la famille des polymères d'azoture de glycidyle (Glycidyl azide polymers - GAPs) dont la température d'ignition est d'environ 573 °C.In another example, the material is a polymer of the family of glycidyl azide polymers (Glycidyl azide polymers - GAPs) whose ignition temperature is about 573 ° C.

Selon les modes de réalisation décrits, on prévoit de recouvrir l'ensemble du composant ou seulement certaines zones de celui-ci.According to the embodiments described, it is intended to cover the entire component or only certain areas thereof.

La figure 3 est une vue schématique de dessus d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un composant de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique.The figure 3 is a schematic view from above of another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif 4 de sécurité pyrotechnique comporte, en plus de la couche 42 de matériau pyrotechnique, un élément rigide intercalaire 44 entre le matériau pyrotechnique 42 et le ou les conducteurs 32. Cet élément 44 agit comme un projectile lors de l'explosion du matériau pyrotechnique 42 et facilite la rupture des conducteurs. De préférence, l'élément 44 est disposé sur le matériau pyrotechnique, par exemple collé (ce qui est aisé si le matériau pyrotechnique est déposé liquide sous la forme d'un verni), et est situé sous le ou les conducteurs à sectionner. L'élément 44 peut être d'une seule pièce comme cela est représenté en figure 3 ou constitué de plusieurs projectiles. De préférence, l'élément 44 est isolant afin d'éviter tout risque de création d'un court-circuit entre des conducteurs 32 en fonctionnement normal.According to this embodiment, the pyrotechnic safety device 4 comprises, in addition to the layer 42 of pyrotechnic material, a rigid intermediate element 44 between the pyrotechnic material 42 and the conductor or conductors 32. element 44 acts as a projectile during the explosion of the pyrotechnic material 42 and facilitates the breakage of the conductors. Preferably, the element 44 is disposed on the pyrotechnic material, for example glued (which is easy if the pyrotechnic material is deposited in the form of a liquid varnish), and is located under the conductor or drivers to be sectioned. Element 44 may be in one piece as shown in FIG. figure 3 or consisting of several projectiles. Preferably, the element 44 is insulating to avoid any risk of creating a short circuit between conductors 32 in normal operation.

La figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un composant de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique, illustrant différentes variantes.The figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component, illustrating different variants.

Ce mode de réalisation fait figurer un boîtier 6 recouvrant le circuit électronique et notamment le composant de puissance 2.This embodiment includes a housing 6 covering the electronic circuit and in particular the power component 2.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 4, on suppose que le composant 2 est connecté, par une ou plusieurs pistes conductrices 34, par exemple en cuivre, à une patte 35 de raccordement débouchant à l'extérieur du boîtier 6. Par exemple, la piste 34 représente un plan de masse du composant de puissance ou une électrode face arrière. Par ailleurs, à l'intérieur du boîtier, un contact supérieur du composant 2 est relié, par un fil conducteur 32, à une piste de cuivre 36 du circuit 1, connectée à une autre patte 37 de raccordement.In the example of the figure 4 it is assumed that the component 2 is connected, by one or more conductive tracks 34, for example made of copper, to a connecting lug opening out of the housing 6. For example, the track 34 represents a ground plane of the power component or backside electrode. Furthermore, inside the housing, an upper contact of the component 2 is connected, by a conductive wire 32, to a copper track 36 of the circuit 1, connected to another connecting lug 37.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 4, le matériau pyrotechnique 42 n'est déposé que sur le composant et sur la piste de cuivre 34 jusqu'à entourer la patte 35 (et passer dessous la patte 35 si celle-ci comporte des portions horizontales internes au boîtier 6). Ainsi, lors de l'activation du matériau pyrotechnique 42, la patte 35 et le fil 32 sont rompus.In the example of the figure 4 , the pyrotechnic material 42 is deposited only on the component and on the copper track 34 to surround the lug 35 (and pass below the lug 35 if it has horizontal portions internal to the housing 6). Thus, during the activation of the pyrotechnic material 42, the tab 35 and the wire 32 are broken.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 4, on prévoit également un élément 44 rigide intercalaire entre la couche 42 et le ou les fils 32.In the example of the figure 4 , there is also provided a rigid element 44 interposed between the layer 42 and the son or son 32.

On notera que, dans les modes de réalisation prévoyant un élément rigide servant de projectile, le boîtier 6 est vide, au moins au voisinage de cet élément afin d'en permettre la projection.Note that, in embodiments providing a rigid element as a projectile, the housing 6 is empty, at least in the vicinity of this element to allow projection.

Selon une variante non représentée, le boîtier est plein. Par exemple, l'ensemble composant 2, matériau 42 et fil 32 est noyé dans de la résine d'encapsulation (par exemple de la résine époxy). Dans ce cas, un élément intermédiaire 44 est sans effet. Toutefois, le fait que le fil 32 soit noyé dans de la résine fait que, lors d'un déclenchement pyrotechnique détruisant le boîtier, le fil 32 noyé dans la résine est bien arraché.According to a variant not shown, the housing is full. For example, the component assembly 2, material 42 and wire 32 is embedded in encapsulating resin (for example epoxy resin). In this case, an intermediate element 44 has no effect. However, the fact that the wire 32 is embedded in the resin that, during a pyrotechnic trip destroying the housing, the wire 32 embedded in the resin is torn off.

Selon une variante illustrée en figure 4, afin de faciliter la rupture de la patte 35, celle-ci comporte une zone affaiblie 352, par exemple une échancrure. Cette échancrure doit cependant être telle que la patte 35 conserve une section adaptée à la circulation du courant de fonctionnement normal. Le cas échéant, la traversée du boîtier 6 par la patte 35 est une liaison rigide. Cela participe à faciliter la rupture lors de l'effet pyrotechnique.According to a variant illustrated in figure 4 , in order to facilitate the breakage of the tab 35, it includes a weakened zone 352, for example an indentation. This notch must however be such that the lug 35 retains a section adapted to the flow of normal operating current. Where appropriate, the passage of the housing 6 by the lug 35 is a rigid connection. This helps to facilitate breakage during the pyrotechnic effect.

Selon une autre variante non représentée, le matériau pyrotechnique 42 s'étend sur tout le circuit 1 à l'intérieur du boîtier 6.According to another variant not shown, the pyrotechnic material 42 extends over the entire circuit 1 inside the housing 6.

La figure 5 représente, par une vue schématique en coupe, encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un composant de puissance à sécurité pyrotechnique.The figure 5 is a schematic sectional view, yet another embodiment of a pyrotechnic safety power component.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, deux circuits 1 et 1' sont reliés par des billes de connections (BGA). L'intervalle entre les billes et, de préférence, entre les circuits 1 et 1', est rempli de matériau pyrotechnique. Ainsi, ce matériau sert d'encapsulation du composant tout en assurant la protection.According to this embodiment, two circuits 1 and 1 'are connected by connecting balls (BGA). The gap between the balls and, preferably, between the circuits 1 and 1 ', is filled with pyrotechnic material. Thus, this material serves to encapsulate the component while providing protection.

Un avantage des modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits est que la sécurité est particulièrement rapide à se déclencher.An advantage of the embodiments that have been described is that the security is particularly fast to be triggered.

Un autre avantage est que l'absence de circuit de commande garantit un actionnement fiable. En effet, le déclenchement étant exclusivement thermique, aucune défaillance électronique ne risque d'empêcher ce déclenchement.Another advantage is that the absence of a control circuit ensures reliable operation. Indeed, since the trigger is exclusively thermal, no electronic failure can prevent this trigger.

Un autre avantage est que le dispositif de sécurité est particulièrement facile à réaliser.Another advantage is that the safety device is particularly easy to achieve.

A titre d'exemple particulier de réalisation, l'épaisseur du matériau pyrotechnique est comprise entre 10 et 100 micromètres.As a particular embodiment, the thickness of the pyrotechnic material is between 10 and 100 micrometers.

Divers modes de réalisation ont été décrits. Diverses variantes et modifications apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, la mise en oeuvre pratique des modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits est à la portée de l'homme de métier à partir des indications fonctionnelles données ci-dessus et en utilisant des matériaux pyrotechniques existants.Various embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the practical implementation of the embodiments that have been described is within the abilities of those skilled in the art from the functional indications given above and by using existing pyrotechnic materials.

Claims (11)

  1. A pyrotechnic device (4) comprising:
    one or a plurality of conductors (32); and
    at least one layer (42) of a pyrotechnic material deposited on all or part of an electronic circuit (2), characterized in that the explosion of the pyrotechnic material is triggered by a hot spot at the level of the conductor(s) due to a failure of the circuit, the pyrotechnic effect causing the breaking of said conductor(s).
  2. The device of claim 1, having a plurality of said conductors electrically in parallel, the explosion of the pyrotechnic material causing the breaking of all the conductors (32) electrically in parallel.
  3. The device of claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one rigid element (44) capable of being propelled towards the conductor(s) (32) by the pyrotechnic gases.
  4. The device of anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the pyrotechnic material (42) is in the range from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  5. The device of anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pyrotechnic material is electrically insulating.
  6. An electronic device comprising:
    an electronic circuit (2); and
    the pyrotechnic device (4) of anyone of claims 1 to 5.
  7. The device of claim 6, further comprising a package (6) at least partially covering the electronic circuit (2) and the pyrotechnic device (4).
  8. The device of claim 7 wherein the package is formed of an encapsulation material covering the circuit and the pyrotechnic device (4) and at least partially embedding the conductor(s) (32).
  9. The device of claim 7, wherein the package (6) is hollow.
  10. The device of anyone of claims 6 to 9, wherein the electronic circuit integrates a power switch.
  11. A method of forming the pyrotechnic device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein a pyrotechnic material is deposited in the liquid state on the electronic circuit.
EP16171457.1A 2015-06-04 2016-05-26 Pyrotechnical device for electronic circuit Not-in-force EP3101677B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1555091A FR3037188A1 (en) 2015-06-04 2015-06-04 PYROTECHNIC DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

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EP3101677B1 true EP3101677B1 (en) 2017-11-15

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US20160356587A1 (en) 2016-12-08
JP2017022089A (en) 2017-01-26
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