EP3081285A1 - Static mixing device for flowing materials - Google Patents
Static mixing device for flowing materials Download PDFInfo
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- EP3081285A1 EP3081285A1 EP15163858.2A EP15163858A EP3081285A1 EP 3081285 A1 EP3081285 A1 EP 3081285A1 EP 15163858 A EP15163858 A EP 15163858A EP 3081285 A1 EP3081285 A1 EP 3081285A1
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- flow channel
- mixing device
- mixing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/47—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying involving high-viscosity liquids, e.g. asphalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
- B01F25/43161—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod composed of consecutive sections of flat pieces of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
- B01F2215/0422—Numerical values of angles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
- B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a static mixing device having a tubular, a longitudinal axis and an inner diameter having flow channel having at least one arranged in the flow channel mixing element of a length and a substantially the inner diameter of the flow channel corresponding diameter, each mixing element arranged a plurality of crosswise, with the longitudinal axis of the flow channel having an angle greater than 0 ° including webs, wherein the webs are arranged in two intersecting, a plurality of mutually parallel, mutually separated by an equal distance planes levels and in projection of the two level coulters (A, B) a projection plane lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) of the flow channel (10) has at least partially an intermediate spacing between adjacent webs.
- Static mixers are now used in all areas of chemical engineering. A characteristic feature of static mixers is that only the liquids or gases to be mixed are moved. In contrast to dynamic mixing systems, no stirring takes place, but pumps, blowers or compressors continuously convey the media to be mixed to the mixing tube, which with the Equipped mixing elements. Static mixers can be used in many applications such as mixing of pumpable liquids, dispersing and emulsifying intoluble components, mixing reactive liquids, mixing and homogenizing plastic melts, gas-liquid contacting, mixing gases, heat exchange of viscous substances and the use as residence time with narrow residence time behavior are used, to name a few key applications.
- a spiral mixer is known and has helically curved, sheet-like, alternating left- and right-handed plates or mixing elements that lined up with intersecting front edges divide the flow of substances to be mixed as they enter each element.
- the flow channel is the same in shape and cross section in each of the elements.
- the spiral mixer is used in particular for mixing in the turbulent range. In the laminar field, the spiral mixer is only partially usable because of its moderate mixing performance.
- a special family of static mixers are the so-called X-mixers. These consist of intersecting webs or plates.
- X-mixer On off AT 330 135 B
- Known X-mixer has in a tube at least one mixing insert in the form of a web and slots having plate pair. In each case, the webs of a plate extend through the slots of the other plate crossing therethrough.
- the plates are arranged inclined to one another and to the axis of the tube.
- the supplied stream of substances to be mixed is split by the webs as a result of the inclination of the plates in terms of time and place offset into partial streams.
- the web approaches form strong dead zones, which can unnecessarily increase the residence time and damage critical fluids.
- the plates must be positioned with countless welds, which can lead to increased corrosion.
- the assembly of the plates is very time consuming and therefore costly.
- This known device is used in particular for mixing in the laminar range. In the turbulent range, it is only partially usable because of its high pressure loss.
- CSE-X mixer The geometry known as CSE-X mixer is in CH 693 560 A5 described.
- This patent shows a device for static mixing, consisting of a tubular housing with at least one mixing insert arranged therein in the form of a webs and slots having plate which is bent.
- the plates Preferably, the plates have projections at the web edges and have elliptical peripheral shapes.
- Two curved plates, each with the webs of one plate passing through the slits of the other plate, are attached to the protrusions.
- the mixing inserts can be positioned one behind the other in the tubular housing, wherein the mixing inserts can touch directly or can also have spacings between the inserts.
- the device can mix well with this simple geometry in all flow areas.
- the mixing quality is determined only by the number of mixing inserts and their installation position.
- the mixed use was known on the market especially as 4-, 6- and 8-bar construction and also has an increasing with increasing number of webs, high pressure loss.
- EP 2 286 904 B1 shows a particularly innovative mixing device with waisted mixing bars.
- the edge zones of the mixer are opened significantly, so that an additional reduction of the pressure loss occurs.
- type V has a very high mixing performance with very low pressure loss.
- Micromacromixing is the targeted use of static mixers of various geometries and nominal diameters. Basically, first a uniform pre-distribution in the macro mixer must be achieved, then in the micro mixer the best possible fine distribution is achieved.
- the basics typically used are the CSE-X mixers.
- static mixers have also been used as heat exchangers.
- Static mixers are equipped with a double jacket.
- Static mixers which are used as heat exchangers are referred to today as mixer heat exchangers.
- a typical design is in the DE 2'808'854 described.
- Further mixer heat exchangers are in the EP 2'113'732 .
- Mixer heat exchangers are generally characterized by a high heat transfer capacity and at the same time a narrow residence time behavior. As a result, static mixer heat exchangers are increasingly used in reaction technology.
- static mixer heat exchangers as reactors is detailed in the journal Chemical Engineer Technology 2005,77 , No. 6 described.
- Static mixers with a double jacket are preferably used as residence time reactors or as dwellers.
- the possible slim design of the mixer heat exchanger causes a tight retention time, which has a particularly positive effect on the product quality of the flowing product in the pipe.
- a tight design also causes shorter residence times or very long mixers.
- the residence time behavior in static mixers can be described by means of the Bodenstein number.
- the present invention seeks to provide a static mixing device with good mixing effect and low pressure drop, which additionally has a tighter and more defined residence time behavior as known mixer.
- the mixing device should preferably be able to be used in the laminar flow region and in the transition region and a substantially complete Ensure thorough mixing.
- the mixing elements should be simple and inexpensive to manufacture, have a low pressure drop and mechanically stable can be assembled to mixer bars.
- the mixing elements should be able to be positioned as short as possible as well as long designs in the flow channel.
- the flow channel should be able to have a round, rectangular or square cross section.
- the webs between the adjacent intersections are formed at least partially waisted and in the middle between adjacent intersections, the webs their smallest width and adjacent webs have their greatest spacing, and the inner wall of the flow channel adjacent webs between the front edge edges of the sidecut of the webs corresponding recess having the smallest width to form a largest in the middle between the front edge edges wall distance.
- the measured over the diameter of the mixing element sum of the smallest width of the webs is at least 40% of the diameter of the mixing element.
- the webs of the inner cross 14A, 14B have no tapered webs, so that a laminar flow profile is largely prevented.
- the remaining waisted webs lead to the necessary pressure loss reduction.
- the webs At the end of the webs, where an elliptical contour would form when the pipe wall touched, the webs will now only touch the pipe wall selectively, taking into account tolerances, so that the marginality is reduced to a minimum.
- the webs are sharpened, for example, on the tube inner wall, so that the mixer rests only at small points.
- a connection of the mixing elements, for example with a welded connection, must be ensured for stability reasons.
- a static mixing device has a flow channel with at least one mixing element arranged in the flow channel.
- Each mixing element has a plurality of crosswise arranged, with the longitudinal axis of the flow channel at an angle greater than 0 ° including webs. The webs between adjacent intersections are formed waisted.
- the webs, which are adjacent to the inner wall of the flow channel, have, between frontal butt edges, a recess corresponding to the sidecut of the webs, forming a largest wall spacing in the middle between the end-side butt edges.
- the measured over the diameter of the mixing element sum of the smallest widths of the webs can be at least 40% of the diameter of the mixing element.
- the mixer according to the invention has a narrower residence time spectrum compared to commercially available static mixers.
- the residence time spectrum in a static mixer is generally important. In particular, dead zones must be prevented, since the longer residence time can damage the product quality or significantly disrupt the process.
- flows with Reynolds number> 10,000 are turbulent. This applies to static mixers as well as for the empty pipe.
- flows with Reynolds numbers ⁇ 20 are called laminar. In between there is a transition area.
- Fig. 5 schematically shows the turbulent and laminar flow.
- a parabolic flow 85 is formed in the flow channel 10, which has a very poor residence time spectrum.
- the residence time spectrum is usually measured with a Dirac impact.
- the measurement and detection of a residence time spectrum is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail. It is also known that measuring a Dirac impact in the laminar flow regime is difficult because inlet and outlet perturbations can significantly affect the results.
- the typical measured residence-time shifts and light tailing in the curve are characteristic of a residence time distribution in a static mixer in the laminar flow regime.
- Fig. 6 shows in comparison the residence time distribution of a static mixer according to the patent CH 642 564 and CH 693 560 to the 1D dispersion model.
- the Bodenstein number (also called Bo for short) is a dimensionless characteristic number from the reaction technique and describes the ratio of the convection current to the dispersion current.
- the Bodenstein number characterizes the backmixing within a system and thus allows statements about whether and how strongly volume elements or substances within the dweller mix by the prevailing currents.
- the Bodenstein number is usually described with the 1-d dispersion model. This model concept takes the 1-dimensional process in a flow tube (plug flow) as a starting point. In the direction z, a flow velocity u z, which is practically constant at the respective mixers cross section A is carried out.
- the residence time cumulative curve can be used for comparison of the residence time spectra.
- Fig. 7 shows a comparison of different mixing elements.
- the mixer according to CH 693 560 has a relationship with the dashed curve 202, the mixer according to EP 2 286 904 B1 a ratio according to curve 201.
- the features according to the invention make it possible with such a mixer to achieve a significantly improved residence time behavior.
- the comparison is based on identical flow conditions, the same diameter and the same mixer lengths.
- the resistance factor can be used as a power comparison.
- the resistance factor of the mixer 1 is standardized at 100%.
- the mixer decreases EP 2 286 904 B1 with 38% the worse residence time behavior than the mixer after the CH 693 560 on. It is therefore all the more surprising that the mixer according to the invention with 60% compared to the mixer after CH 693 560 a considerable one has better residence time behavior.
- Fig. 1 shows a side view of a portion of a flow channel 10 with two adjoining mixing elements 12 with six webs according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the following description is also based on the Fig. 2 with a view of the mixing element 12 of Fig. 1 in the flow channel 10 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flow channel 10; on the Fig. 3 with a plan view of web plates before welding to a mixing element 12 with webs to be joined, on the Fig. 4 with a plan view of a web plate of a mixing element 12 with six web parts before welding to a mixing element, on the Fig. 9 with a view of a web plate of a mixing element with four web parts before welding to a mixing element and finally to the Fig. 10 with a plan view of the web plates of Fig. 9 before bending to a mixing element with webs to be joined.
- the Fig. 8 Finally, a perspective view of a mixer follows Fig. 1 ,
- tubular flow channel 10 having a longitudinal axis x and an inner diameter D has two adjoining, a length L having identical mixing elements 12 with a substantially the inner diameter D of the flow channel 10 corresponding Umhüllungs trimmesser.
- the two mixing elements 12 are arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis x of the flow channel 10 at an angle of 90 ° to each other rotated.
- the mixing element 12 consists of a plurality of intersecting webs 14A, 14B.
- the webs 14A, 14B are arranged in mutually parallel planes separated from each other by an equal distance and forming two intersecting planes A, B.
- the two level shares A, B close with the longitudinal axis x of the flow channel an angle ⁇ of 45 ° and with each other an angle of 90 °.
- the mixing element 12 shown by way of example in the drawing has six web layers, each with two webs 14A, 14B which intersect alternately, and thus corresponds to a 6-web mixer.
- a common other number of bars is four or eight.
- All webs 14A, 14B extend within the mixing element 12 via their respective maximum length which is limited by the end faces of the mixing element 12 and by the inner wall of the flow channel 10, the contour of the webs 14A, 14B close to the wall being the circular cross-section of the wall Flow channel 10 is only partially adapted so that in the near-wall webs 14A, 14B - as in the other webs - only front end portions 22 adjoin the inner wall of the flow channel 10 with little play.
- the adjoining the inner wall of the flow channel 10 webs 14A, 14B are provided on the directed against the inner wall side with a recess 24 which extends between the end-side end portions or butt edges 22 with the inner wall of the flow channel 10 and corresponding to the waist of the webs largest Wall distance c have, which in the present case is 50% of the greatest distance between a adjacent bars 14A, 14B.
- the webs 14A, 14B at each intended intersection point 16 a notch 18 or the notch depth of the notch 18 corresponding, a projection 20 generating cutback on.
- the assembly of the mixing element 12 is carried out in a simple manner of two in Fig. 10 shown web plates 26 with four arranged alternately, the four in Fig. 9 shown webs 14A, 14B corresponding half webs 14A ', 14B' and the four in Fig. 9 illustrated webs 14A, 14B.
- two web plates 26 are bent around an axis by an angle of 90 ° and in the in Fig. 1 shown connected by ends 28 of the two middle web halves 14A ', 14B' by welding together.
- four webs 14A, 14B are placed over the notches 18 and projections 20 at the intersections 16 on the curved and welded together web plates 24 and partially welded at the intersections 16.
- All embodiments have in common that the areas of the ends 28, which lie in known mixers in the context of the game on the inner wall of the flow tube, are cut out.
- the cutouts can, as in Fig. 4 to recognize straight cuts 122 at the ends which leave a small end portion which further adjoins the flow tube.
- the cutout 122 at the longest land portion is steeper than the cutout 122 at a shorter land.
- the cutouts 122 can be seen with respect to the usual non-cutout end regions 22, the latter being shown in dashed lines. These lines 22 correspond to the inner diameter of the flow tube.
- some cutouts 122 are concave, others have a polygonal course, for example, two sections meeting at a concave point.
- the end region 28 may have an edge region adjoining the tube, have only one point or, as at the web 14A 'in FIG Fig. 10 bottom right, be cut from both sides, so that even the top of the convex here polygon no longer touches the wall of the flow tube.
- Fig. 5 schematically shows the turbulent and laminar flow.
- a parabolic flow 85 is formed in the flow channel 10, which has a very poor residence time spectrum.
- there are very slow fluid fractions 86 at the tube edges while there are fast fluid fractions 87 in the middle.
- a distribution results according to curve 82, while with a mixer according to the invention a distribution according to curve 81 can be achieved, in which both the edge flow and the center flow have comparable speeds.
- the Fig. 6 shows the residence time distribution of static mixers according to CH 642 564 and CH 693 560 compared to different Bodenstein numbers according to the 1D dispersion model and the Fig. 7 shows dwell sum curves of various Mixers of the prior art and a mixer according to an embodiment of the invention. It is shown that the opening of the edge regions by recesses between the inner tube edge 22 and the web end by cutting 122 of the edge-side end regions accelerates the volume flow in the edge regions by a Mass that a high homogeneous velocity distribution as the flow 81 after Fig. 5 results. In the plan view along the longitudinal axis x, the mixing elements continue to be substantially full-surface, in particular on the main axis along the intersection 16, so that a good mixing takes place.
- an additional lateral wall clearance is created, which is defined by the angle of the straight cuts, the depth of the concave round recesses or the depth of the polygons with a point.
- the alternating concerns of edge regions 22 and the removed portions 122 so that there is a mixing in the edge regions.
- FIG. 11 another embodiment is shown.
- a mixer according to FIG. 1 an additional elongated, rod-shaped profile element 30 is arranged, which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the mixer and passes through it.
- the mixer can also be penetrated by several such profile elements.
- the at least one profile element 30 is slidably held in the mixer or firmly connected to the mixer. It is preferably made of metal.
- the at least profile element 30 is hollow or solid, depending on the embodiment. completed formed. It preferably has a round cross-section. If it is hollow, in particular designed as a tube, it may be empty. Preferably, however, at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the tube. Alternatively or additionally, the tube may include a heat transfer medium, for example a thermal oil or water.
- the profile element serves as a mechanical reinforcement of the mixer and / or improve the heat transfer.
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Abstract
Eine statische Mischvorrichtung weist einen Strömungskanal mit mindestens einem im Strömungskanal angeordneten Mischelement auf. Jedes Mischelement weist eine Vielzahl von kreuzweise angeordneten, mit der Längsachse des Strömungskanals einen Winkel grösser 0° einschliessenden Stegen (14A, 14B) auf. Mindestens jeweils einer der Stege (14A, 14B) zwischen benachbarten Kreuzungsstellen sind tailliert ausgebildet. In der Mitte zwischen benachbarten Kreuzungsstellen (16) aufweisen die Stege (14A, 14B) ihre kleinste Breite (b) und einander benachbarte Stege (14A, 14B) ihren grössten Zwischenabstand (a). Die der Innenwand des Strömungskanals (10) benachbarten Randbereiche der Stege (14A, 14B) aufweisen eine gegenüber der Innenwand des Strömungskanals (10) bestehende Ausnehmung (122).A static mixing device has a flow channel with at least one mixing element arranged in the flow channel. Each mixing element has a plurality of crosswise arranged, with the longitudinal axis of the flow channel at an angle greater than 0 ° including webs (14A, 14B). At least one of the webs (14A, 14B) between adjacent intersections are formed waisted. In the middle between adjacent intersections (16), the webs (14A, 14B) have their smallest width (b) and adjacent webs (14A, 14B) their greatest spacing (a). The edge regions of the webs (14A, 14B) which are adjacent to the inner wall of the flow channel (10) have a recess (122) which is opposite to the inner wall of the flow channel (10).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine statische Mischvorrichtung mit einem rohrförmigen, eine Längsachse und einen Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Strömungskanal mit mindestens einem im Strömungskanal angeordneten Mischelement einer Länge und einem im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des Strömungskanals entsprechenden Durchmesser, wobei jedes Mischelement eine Vielzahl von kreuzweise angeordneten, mit der Längsachse des Strömungskanals einen Winkel grösser 0° einschliessenden Stegen aufweist, wobei die Stege in zwei sich kreuzenden, eine Vielzahl von parallel zueinander angeordneten, von einander durch einen gleichen Abstand getrennten Ebenen aufweisenden Ebenenscharen angeordnet sind und bei Projektion der beiden Ebenenscharen (A, B) auf eine senkrecht zur Längsachse (X) des Strömungskanals (10) liegende Projektionsebene einander benachbarte Stege zumindest teilweise einen Zwischenabstand aufweisen.The present invention relates to a static mixing device having a tubular, a longitudinal axis and an inner diameter having flow channel having at least one arranged in the flow channel mixing element of a length and a substantially the inner diameter of the flow channel corresponding diameter, each mixing element arranged a plurality of crosswise, with the longitudinal axis of the flow channel having an angle greater than 0 ° including webs, wherein the webs are arranged in two intersecting, a plurality of mutually parallel, mutually separated by an equal distance planes levels and in projection of the two level coulters (A, B) a projection plane lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) of the flow channel (10) has at least partially an intermediate spacing between adjacent webs.
Eine solche Mischvorrichtung ist aus der
Statische Mischer werden heute in allen Bereichen des Chemie-Ingenieur-Wesens eingesetzt. Charakteristisch für statische Mischer ist, dass nur die zu mischenden Flüssigkeiten oder Gase bewegt werden. Im Gegensatz zu dynamischen Mischsystemen findet kein Rühren statt, sondern Pumpen, Gebläse oder Kompressoren fördern kontinuierlich die zu mischenden Medien zum Mischrohr, welches mit den Mischelementen ausgerüstet ist. Statische Mischer können in vielen Anwendungsbereichen wie dem Vermischen von pumpbaren Flüssigkeiten, dem Dispergieren und Emulgieren von ineinander unlöslichen Komponenten, dem Mischen von reaktiven Flüssigkeiten, dem Mischen und Homogenisieren von Kunststoffschmelzen, dem Gas-Flüssig-Kontaktieren, dem Mischen von Gasen, dem Wärmeaustausch von viskosen Stoffen und dem Einsatz als Verweilzeitstrecke mit engen Verweilzeitverhalten eingesetzt werden, um einige wesentliche Einsatzgebiete zu nennen.Static mixers are now used in all areas of chemical engineering. A characteristic feature of static mixers is that only the liquids or gases to be mixed are moved. In contrast to dynamic mixing systems, no stirring takes place, but pumps, blowers or compressors continuously convey the media to be mixed to the mixing tube, which with the Equipped mixing elements. Static mixers can be used in many applications such as mixing of pumpable liquids, dispersing and emulsifying intoluble components, mixing reactive liquids, mixing and homogenizing plastic melts, gas-liquid contacting, mixing gases, heat exchange of viscous substances and the use as residence time with narrow residence time behavior are used, to name a few key applications.
Aus der
Eine spezielle Familie der statischen Mischer sind die so genannten X-Mischer. Diese bestehen aus sich kreuzenden Stegen oder Platten. Ein aus
Die Entwicklung des Mischers gemäss
Die als CSE-X Mischer bekannte Geometrie ist in
Die Fachzeitschrift Pharma und Food 2/2004 beschreibt die mikromakro® Technologie mit statischen Mischern. Unter Mikromakromischen versteht man den gezielten Einsatz von Statikmischern verschiedener Geometrien und Nennweiten. Grundsätzlich muss zuerst eine gleichmäßige Vorverteilung im Makro-Mischer erreicht werden, danach wird im Mikro-Mischer eine bestmögliche Feinverteilung erzielt. Als Grundlagen werden typischerweise die CSE-X Mischer eingesetzt.The trade journal Pharma und Food 2/2004 describes mikromakro ® technology with static mixers. Micromacromixing is the targeted use of static mixers of various geometries and nominal diameters. Basically, first a uniform pre-distribution in the macro mixer must be achieved, then in the micro mixer the best possible fine distribution is achieved. The basics typically used are the CSE-X mixers.
Fasst man die Untersuchungen an X-Mischern der letzten Jahre zusammen, so wurden jeweils folgende mögliche Parameter variiert: das L/D-Verhältnis eines Mischelementes, die Anzahl an Steglagen, die Dicke der Stege, die Winkellage der Stege, die Form der Stege und die Breite der Stege.If one summarizes the investigations on X-mixers of the last years, then The following possible parameters in each case vary: the L / D ratio of a mixing element, the number of web layers, the thickness of the webs, the angular position of the webs, the shape of the webs and the width of the webs.
Seit vielen Jahren werden statische Mischer auch als Wärmetauscher eingesetzt. Dabei werden statische Mischer mit einem Doppelmantel ausgerüstet. Statische Mischer, welche als Wärmetauscher eingesetzt werden, bezeichnet man heute als Mischer-Wärmetauscher. Eine typische Ausführung ist in der
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine statische Mischvorrichtung mit guter Mischwirkung und geringem Druckabfall zu schaffen, welche zusätzlich ein engeres und definierteres Verweilzeitverhalten als bekannte Mischer aufweist.Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a static mixing device with good mixing effect and low pressure drop, which additionally has a tighter and more defined residence time behavior as known mixer.
Die Mischvorrichtung soll dabei vorzugsweise im laminaren Strömungsbereich und im Übergangsbereich eingesetzt werden können und eine weitgehend vollständige Durchmischung gewährleisten. Die Mischelemente sollen einfach und kostengünstig gefertigt werden können, einen geringen Druckverlust aufweisen und mechanisch stabil zu Mischerstangen zusammengestellt werden können. Die Mischelemente sollen als möglichst kurze wie auch als lange Bauformen im Strömungskanal positioniert werden können. Der Strömungskanal soll dabei einen runden, rechteckigen, oder quadratischen Querschnitt aufweisen können.The mixing device should preferably be able to be used in the laminar flow region and in the transition region and a substantially complete Ensure thorough mixing. The mixing elements should be simple and inexpensive to manufacture, have a low pressure drop and mechanically stable can be assembled to mixer bars. The mixing elements should be able to be positioned as short as possible as well as long designs in the flow channel. The flow channel should be able to have a round, rectangular or square cross section.
Zur erfindungsgemässen Lösung der Aufgabe führt, dass unterschiedlich zur
Insbesondere weisen die Stege des inneren Kreuzes 14A,14B keine verjüngten Stege auf, so dass ein laminares Strömungsprofil weitestgehend verhindert wird. Die restlichen taillierten Stege führen zur nötigen Druckverlustreduktion.In particular, the webs of the
Am Ende der Stege, dort wo sich bei der Berührung der Rohrwand eine ellipsenförmige Kontur bilden würde, werden neu die Stege die Rohrwand, unter Berücksichtigung von Toleranzen, nur noch punktuell berühren, so dass die Randgängigkeit auf ein Minimum reduziert wird. Die Stege werden beispielsweise an der Rohrinnenwand zugespitzt, so dass der Mischer nur noch an kleinen Punkten aufliegt. Ein Verbinden der Mischelemente, beispielsweise mit einer Schweissverbindung, muss aus Stabilitätsgründen gewährleistet sein.At the end of the webs, where an elliptical contour would form when the pipe wall touched, the webs will now only touch the pipe wall selectively, taking into account tolerances, so that the marginality is reduced to a minimum. The webs are sharpened, for example, on the tube inner wall, so that the mixer rests only at small points. A connection of the mixing elements, for example with a welded connection, must be ensured for stability reasons.
Überraschend wurde festgestellt, dass das nahezu vollständige Öffnen der Randzone zu keinen oder nur zu sehr geringen Randgängigkeiten führt. Letztendlich wird die hohe Mischleistung des Mischelementes durch die neuen konstruktiven Massnahmen nicht negativ beeinflusst.Surprisingly, it was found that the almost complete opening of the edge zone leads to no or only very little marginalities. Ultimately, the high mixing performance of the mixing element by the new design measures is not negatively influenced.
Eine statische Mischvorrichtung weist einen Strömungskanal mit mindestens einem im Strömungskanal angeordneten Mischelement auf. Jedes Mischelement weist eine Vielzahl von kreuzweise angeordneten, mit der Längsachse des Strömungskanals einen Winkel grösser 0° einschliessenden Stegen auf. Die Stege zwischen benachbarten Kreuzungsstellen sind tailliert ausgebildet. Die der Innenwand des Strömungskanals benachbarten Stege weisen zwischen stirnseitigen Stosskanten eine der Taillierung der Stege entsprechende Ausnehmung unter Bildung eines in der Mitte zwischen den stirnseitigen Stosskanten grössten Wandabstandes auf. Dabei kann die über den Durchmesser des Mischelementes gemessene Summe der kleinsten Breiten der Stege mindestens 40 % des Durchmessers des Mischelementes betragen.A static mixing device has a flow channel with at least one mixing element arranged in the flow channel. Each mixing element has a plurality of crosswise arranged, with the longitudinal axis of the flow channel at an angle greater than 0 ° including webs. The webs between adjacent intersections are formed waisted. The webs, which are adjacent to the inner wall of the flow channel, have, between frontal butt edges, a recess corresponding to the sidecut of the webs, forming a largest wall spacing in the middle between the end-side butt edges. In this case, the measured over the diameter of the mixing element sum of the smallest widths of the webs can be at least 40% of the diameter of the mixing element.
Bevorzugte Ausführungen der erfindungsgemässen statischen Mischvorrichtung weisen eine oder mehrere der nachfolgend angeführten Merkmale auf:
- Der Mischer weist Stege auf, die zwischen den benachbarten Kreuzungsstellen nur teilweise tailliert ausgebildet sind.
- Das innere Kreuz des Mischelementes wird nicht tailliert ausgeführt, um eine hohe radiale Mischung zu gewährleisten.
- Die Stege weisen unterschiedliche Breiten auf.
- Die Stege werden an der Rohrwand zugespitzt, so dass das Mischelement keine Totwasserzonen aufweist.
- Das Mischelement weist sechs Steglagen auf.
- The mixer has webs which are formed only partially waisted between the adjacent crossing points.
- The inner cross of the mixing element is not designed waisted to ensure a high radial mixture.
- The webs have different widths.
- The webs are sharpened on the pipe wall, so that the mixing element has no dead water zones.
- The mixing element has six web layers.
Der Mischer gemäss der Erfindung weist ein engeres Verweilzeitspektrum im Vergleich zu handelsüblichen statischen Mischern auf.The mixer according to the invention has a narrower residence time spectrum compared to commercially available static mixers.
Weitere Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
Das Verweilzeitspektrum in einem statischen Mischer ist generell wichtig. Insbesondere müssen Totzonen verhindert werden, da durch die längere Verweildauer die Produktqualität geschädigt oder der Prozess erheblich gestört werden kann. Es ist einerseits bekannt, dass Strömungen mit Reynolds-Zahl > 10'000 turbulent sind. Dies gilt für statische Mischer sowie für das Leerrohr. Andererseits werden Strömungen mit Reynolds-Zahlen < 20 als laminar bezeichnet. Dazwischen befindet sich ein Übergangsbereich.The residence time spectrum in a static mixer is generally important. In particular, dead zones must be prevented, since the longer residence time can damage the product quality or significantly disrupt the process. On the one hand, it is known that flows with Reynolds number> 10,000 are turbulent. This applies to static mixers as well as for the empty pipe. On the other hand, flows with Reynolds numbers <20 are called laminar. In between there is a transition area.
und wird, um eine Lösung zu erleichtern, in dimensionsloser Form angeschrieben. Für den stationären Fall entsteht dann:
and is written in dimensionless form to facilitate a solution. For the stationary case arises then:
Darin ist die dimensionslose Kenngröße enthalten, nämlich die so genannte Bodenstein-Zahl,
die mit einer "charakteristischen Länge" L des Mischer-Wärmetauscher Gehäuses definiert ist. Die exakte Lösung der stationären und dimensionslosen Gleichung lautet (nach Levenspiel und Smith):
which is defined by a "characteristic length" L of the mixer-heat exchanger housing. The exact solution of the stationary and dimensionless equation is (according to Levenspiel and Smith):
Als Grenzfälle des Dispersionsmodells ergeben sich das Verdrängungs-Modell ohne axiale Dispersion für Bo = ∞ (ideale Rohrströmung) und das Rückvermischungsmodell mit axialer Dispersion für Bo = 0 (idealer Rührkessel). In der
Die Auswertung von
- herkömmliche statische Mischer weisen auch eine Parabelströmung auf, allerdings ist diese weniger ausgeprägt als beim Leerrohr
- je kleiner der Widerstandsfaktor ist, desto ausgeprägter die Parabelströmung
- Statische Mischer weisen an den Randzonen generell schwach durchströmte Zonen auf, insbesondere dort, wo die Stege in einem Winkel zur Achse an der Rohrwand anliegen. Dies führt zu zusätzlichen längeren Verweilzeiten.
- Conventional static mixers also have a parabolic flow, but this is less pronounced than the empty tube
- the smaller the resistance factor, the more pronounced the parabolic flow
- Static mixers generally have weakly flowed through at the edge zones Zones, especially where the webs abut at an angle to the axis of the pipe wall. This leads to additional longer residence times.
Es wurden etliche Berechnungen durchgeführt, um das Verweilzeitspektrum der Mischer, ohne Ein- und Auslaufstörungen, zu vergleichen. Zum Vergleich der Verweilzeitspektren kann vorzugsweise die Verweilzeitsummenkurve heran gezogen werden.
Durch die erfindungsgemässen Merkmale gelingt es bei einem solchen Mischer, ein deutlich verbessertes Verweilzeitverhalten zu erzielen. Der Vergleich basiert auf identischen Strömungsverhältnissen, gleichem Durchmesser und gleichen Mischerlängen. Somit kann der Widerstandsfaktor als Leistungsvergleich herangezogen werden. Dabei wird der Widerstandsfaktor des Mischers 1 mit 100% normiert. Wie erwartet weist der Mischer nach
Weitere Erklärungen, Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen, die lediglich zur Erläuterung dienen und nicht einschränkend auszulegen ist. Die Zeichnungen zeigen schematisch in
- Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht eines Teils eines Strömungskanals mit zwei aneinander grenzenden Mischelementen mit sechs Stegen gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- die Sicht auf ein Mischelement im Strömungskanal von
Fig. 1 in Blickrichtung der Längsachse des Strömungskanals; - Fig. 3
- die Draufsicht auf Stegplatten vor dem Schweissen zu einem Mischelement mit zu verbindenden Stegen;
- Fig. 4
- die Draufsicht auf eine Stegplatte eines Mischelementes mit sechs Stegteilen vor dem Schweissen zu einem Mischelement;
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung von turbulenter und laminarer Strömung in einem Lehrrohr, in einer Prinzipdarstellung und an Mischern gemäss dem Stand der Technik und gemäss der Erfindung;
- Fig. 6
- die Verweilzeitverteilung von statischen Mischern gemäss
CH 642 564 CH 693 560 - Fig. 7
- Verweilzeitsummenkurven von verschiedenen Mischern des Standes der Technik und gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
- Fig. 8
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines statischen Mischers gemäss
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 9
- die Draufsicht auf eine Stegplatte eines Mischelementes mit vier Stegteilen vor dem Schweissen zu einem Element nach
Fig, 10 ; - Fig. 10
- die Draufsicht auf die Stegplatten von
Fig. 9 vor dem Biegen zu einem Mischelement mit zu verbindenden Stegen und - Fig. 11
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines statischen Mischer gemäss
Fig. 1 mit zusätzlichen Rohr oder Profilelement zur Verstärkung resp. zum verbesserten Wärmeübergang.
- Fig. 1
- a side view of a portion of a flow channel with two adjacent mixing elements with six webs according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 2
- the view of a mixing element in the flow channel of
Fig. 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flow channel; - Fig. 3
- the plan view of web plates before welding to a mixing element with webs to be joined;
- Fig. 4
- the top view of a web plate of a mixing element with six web parts before welding to a mixing element;
- Fig. 5
- a schematic representation of turbulent and laminar flow in a teaching tube, in a schematic diagram and on mixers according to the prior art and according to the invention;
- Fig. 6
- the residence time distribution of static mixers according
CH 642 564 CH 693 560 - Fig. 7
- Residence time cumulative curves of various mixers of the prior art and according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 8
- a perspective view of a static mixer according to
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 9
- the top view of a web plate of a mixing element with four web parts before welding to an element
Fig. 10 ; - Fig. 10
- the top view of the web plates of
Fig. 9 before bending to a mixing element with webs to be joined and - Fig. 11
- a perspective view of a static mixer according to
Fig. 1 with additional tube or profile element for reinforcement resp. for improved heat transfer.
Ein in
Aus der in
Sämtliche Stege 14A, 14B erstrecken sich innerhalb des Mischelements 12 über jeweils ihre durch die Stirnseiten des Mischelements 12 und durch die Innenwand des Strömungskanals 10 begrenzte, maximal mögliche Länge, wobei die Kontur der wandnahen Stege 14A, 14B zur Wahrung eines Wandabstandes dem kreisförmigen Querschnitt des Strömungskanals 10 nur teilweise so angepasst ist, dass bei den wandnahen Stegen 14A, 14B -- wie bei den übrigen Stegen -- nur stirnseitige Endbereiche 22 mit kleinem Spiel an die Innenwand des Strömungskanals 10 angrenzen. Die an die Innenwand des Strömungskanals 10 angrenzenden Stege 14A, 14B sind auf der gegen die Innenwand gerichteten Seite mit einer Ausnehmung 24 versehen, die sich zwischen den stirnseitigen Endbereichen oder Stosskanten 22 mit der Innenwand des Strömungskanals 10 erstreckt und entsprechend der Taillierung der Stege einen grössten Wandabstand c aufweisen, der im vorliegenden Fall 50% des grössten Zwischenabstandes a benachbarter Stege 14A, 14B beträgt.All
Wie aus den
Der Zusammenbau des Mischelements 12 erfolgt auf einfache Weise aus zwei in
Allen Ausführungsformen ist gemeinsam, dass die Bereiche der Enden 28, die bei bekannten Mischern im Rahmen des Spiels an der Innenwand des Strömungsrohrs anliegen, ausgeschnitten sind. Die Ausschnitte können, wie in
In den
Die
In
Das mindestens eine Profilelement 30 ist verschieblich im Mischer gehalten oder fest mit dem Mischer verbunden. Es besteht vorzugsweise aus Metall. Das mindestens Profilelement 30 ist je nach Ausführungsform hohl oder massiv, d.h. ausgefüllt ausgebildet. Es weist vorzugsweise einen runden Querschnitt auf. Ist es hohl, insbesondere als Rohr ausgebildet, so kann es leer sein. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch mindestens ein Temperatursensor im Rohr angeordnet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Rohr ein Wärmeträgermedium, beispielsweise ein Thermoöl oder Wasser, beinhalten.The at least one
Das Profilelement dient als mechanische Verstärkung des Mischers und/oder verbessern den Wärmeübergang.The profile element serves as a mechanical reinforcement of the mixer and / or improve the heat transfer.
Claims (16)
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DE102019126535A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-01 | Bitzer Kühlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Heat exchanger, refrigeration or heating system with such a heat exchanger |
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