EP3076001B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3076001B1
EP3076001B1 EP16158236.6A EP16158236A EP3076001B1 EP 3076001 B1 EP3076001 B1 EP 3076001B1 EP 16158236 A EP16158236 A EP 16158236A EP 3076001 B1 EP3076001 B1 EP 3076001B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor element
casting compound
injector housing
injection
fuel
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EP16158236.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3076001A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhold Melcher
Peter Cromme
Torsten Leukert
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP3076001A1 publication Critical patent/EP3076001A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/247—Pressure sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fuel injector is from the post-published DE 10 2014 209 330 A1 known to the applicant.
  • the sensor element of a measuring device is arranged in a recess in the injector housing.
  • the sensor element designed as a piezo element for example, the closing time of a nozzle needle can be detected in order to optimize the control of the fuel injector.
  • the known sensor element is connected to the recess by means of an adhesive connection and moreover has electrical connection lines which are connected to the sensor element.
  • the area of the adhesive connection between the injector housing and the sensor element represents an area to be protected, which must be protected against the ingress of media, which can otherwise reduce the durability of the adhesive connection, particularly when viewed over the service life of the fuel injector.
  • the object of the invention is to protect the sensor element connected to the surface of the injector housing by means of an adhesive connection in the simplest possible manner against the access of media which impair functionality and durability.
  • the measuring device is covered at least in regions with a protective device that prevents the access of media to the sensor element, that the protective device is designed as a potting compound or as a plastic encapsulation, and that the potting compound or plastic encapsulation is arranged on the side facing away from the sensor element in direct operative connection with the external environment or is surrounded by a cover element which is arranged on the side facing away from the sensor element in direct operative connection with the external environment.
  • a casting compound or a plastic encapsulation which protects the sensor element from the influence of, in particular, aggressive media (gases and liquids).
  • a potting compound means a relatively low outlay in terms of device technology, in particular if the potting compound or the sensor element is arranged, for example, in a recess or recess in the injector housing. This means that no additional mechanical components or constructions are required, which usually require additional manufacturing or assembly effort. Rather, in the simplest case, the protective device is formed solely by the casting compound or the plastic encapsulation.
  • the fuel injector in which the potting compound is connected to the sensor element in such a way that a pressure stress acting in the direction of the sensor element in the manner of a pretensioning force is generated by the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation.
  • Such an arrangement can be achieved, for example, if the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation is applied to the sensor element with a specific injection pressure, the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation simultaneously contributing via its connection to the injector housing to the transmission of corresponding compressive stresses to the sensor element.
  • Such an embodiment with compressive stresses acting on the sensor element is particularly advantageous because it is known that the piezoceramics usually used in the sensor element are very sensitive to internal mechanical tensile stresses, which can destroy the ceramic.
  • the compressive stresses provided according to the invention therefore counteract or overcompensate tensile stresses that may or may not exist, so that a particularly high reliability of the sensor element, in particular over the entire operating life of the fuel injector, can be achieved.
  • the potting compound In a preferred embodiment of the potting compound, it is designed as an elastomer, preferably containing silicone.
  • the sensor element is arranged in a recess in the injector housing.
  • this enables particularly good connection and mechanical protection of the casting compound to be achieved within the depression, and on the other hand the sensor element itself is also arranged in a relatively well protected manner.
  • the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation does not protrude the height of the recess.
  • the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation may project above the recess in height and to be connected to the surface of the injector housing outside the recess. Such an arrangement enables improved transmission or the generation of particularly high compressive stresses to the sensor element through an enlarged connecting area of the sealing compound or the plastic encapsulation with the injector housing.
  • the cover element is connected to a region of the injector housing which delimits the depression, preferably by means of laser beam welding.
  • the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation covers the sensor element on the end face facing away from the injector housing and in the circumferential direction.
  • Fuel injector 10 shown in a highly simplified manner, is designed as a so-called common rail injector, and is used to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine, in particular a self-igniting internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injector 10 has an injector housing 11 consisting essentially of metal, possibly of multiple parts, in which at least one, preferably a plurality of injection openings 12 for injecting the fuel are arranged on the side facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • this forms a high-pressure chamber 15, in which a nozzle needle 16 serving as an injection element is arranged in a direction of movement in the direction of the double arrow 17.
  • a nozzle needle 16 serving as an injection element is arranged in a direction of movement in the direction of the double arrow 17.
  • this forms a sealing seat together with the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 15 or the injector housing 11, so that the injection openings 12 are at least indirectly closed, such that the injection of fuel from the high-pressure chamber 15 into the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is avoided.
  • the nozzle needle 16 In the other, not shown, position of the nozzle needle 16, which is lifted from the sealing seat, the latter opens the injection openings 12 for injecting the fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the movement of the nozzle needle 16, in particular to open the injection openings 12, takes place in a manner known per se by means of an actuator, not shown, which can be controlled by a control device of the internal combustion engine via a voltage supply line 18.
  • the actuator can in particular be a magnetic actuator or else a piezo actuator.
  • the high-pressure chamber 15 is supplied with fuel under high pressure (system pressure) via a supply bore 19 arranged inside the injector housing 11 or formed in components of the fuel injector 10, which is in particular eccentric to the longitudinal axis 21 of the injector housing 11 in an edge region of the fuel injector 10, at least in the Runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 21.
  • the supply bore 19 is also connected via a fuel connection piece, not shown, to a fuel line 22, which in turn is coupled to a fuel reservoir 25 (rail).
  • a blind hole-shaped depression 24 is formed in the outer wall 23 thereof, so that the wall thickness of the injector housing 11 is reduced in the region of the depression 24.
  • the injector housing 11 can also have a flattened area, in the area of which the wall thickness of the injector housing 11 is reduced.
  • the flat base 26 of the recess 24 forms part of a deformation region 27.
  • the fuel pressure currently prevailing in the supply bore 19 also acts in the injector housing 11 on the side facing away from the recess 24.
  • the wall section 29 of the injector housing 11 acts on the side facing the depression 24 as a deformation region 27 in the manner of an elastically deformable membrane, the deformation, which is formed as a curvature, The greater the instantaneous fuel pressure in the supply bore 19, the greater.
  • the fuel injector 10 has a measuring device 30 for detecting the time profile of the fuel pressure in the supply bore 19 and thus also in the high-pressure chamber 15, which is used as an indication of the current position of the nozzle needle 16 for actuating the nozzle needle 16.
  • the measuring device 30 comprises a sensor element 32 designed as a piezo element 31, for example.
  • the electrode layers of the piezo element 31, which are not shown in detail in the figures, are connected to connecting lines 33, 34, which in turn generate voltage signals that can be evaluated by a circuit (not shown) when the deformation region 27 is deformed.
  • the essentially cylindrical or plate-shaped piezo element 31 is connected to the base 26 of the recess 24 via an adhesive connection 35.
  • the adhesive connection 35 in the form of an adhesive layer is designed such that, on the one hand, a secure attachment of the piezo element 31 to the injector housing 11 is made possible, and on the other hand, deformations of the deformation region 27 are transmitted to the piezo element 31.
  • the piezo element 31 is covered on its end face 36 facing away from the base 26 or the injector housing 11, as well as in the area of its circumferential surface 37 over the entire area by a casting compound 40 (alternatively a plastic encapsulation).
  • the potting compound 40 is arranged in direct operative connection with the environment, ie that it is exposed.
  • the potting compound 40 is in particular an elastomer, preferably containing silicone. At the in the Fig. 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the potting compound 40 does not quite reach the circumference of the recess 24.
  • the potting compound 40 not only surrounds the piezo element 31, but also serves to guide and protect the connecting lines 33, 34, which are also surrounded in regions by the potting compound 40.
  • the one in the Fig. 2 The illustrated exemplary embodiment aligns the upper side 41 of the potting compound 40 approximately with the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11, which means that the potting compound 40 does not protrude the height of the recess 24.
  • the potting compound 40 is applied in operative connection with the piezo element 31 and the area of the base 26 of the depression 24 such that a pressure force F or compressive stress acting on the base 26 of the depression 24 acts on the potting compound 40 Piezo element 31 is generated.
  • the sealing compound 40a projects above the recess 24 in height and is with the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11 is connected to the edge region delimiting the recess 24.
  • Last is in the Fig. 4 an embodiment of the invention shown, which differs essentially from the embodiment of the 2 and 3 differs in that the upper side 41 of the casting compound 40 facing away from the piezo element 31 is covered by a deep-drawn cover element 45, for example made of sheet metal, which has openings 46, 47 for the passage of the connecting lines 33, 34.
  • the cover element or cup-shaped cover element 45 is connected to the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11 by a circumferential flange region 48, preferably by means of a laser weld seam 49, and is otherwise operatively connected to the surroundings of the fuel injector 10.
  • the covering element 45 which completely covers the recess 24, is filled in its interior by the casting compound 40c.
  • the cover element 45 can be attached to the injector housing 11 either after the application or arrangement of the casting compound 40c, or else in advance, the casting compound 40c being introduced into the area covered by the cover element 45 through an opening (not shown) in the cover element 45.
  • Such an embodiment also has the particular advantage that the injection of the elastomer into the area covered by the cover element 45 can take place under increased pressure, so that an additional compressive stress can be generated by the cover element 45 on the potting compound 40c, which in turn affects the Piezo element 31 is transmitted.
  • the fuel injector 10 described so far can be modified or modified in a variety of ways without deviating from the inventive concept.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Kraftstoffinjektor ist aus der nachveröffentlichten DE 10 2014 209 330 A1 der Anmelderin bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Kraftstoffinjektor ist es vorgesehen, das Sensorelement einer Messeinrichtung in einer Ausnehmung des Injektorgehäuses anzuordnen. Mittels des als Piezoelement ausgebildeten Sensorelements lässt sich beispielsweise der Schließzeitpunkt einer Düsennadel erfassen, um damit die Ansteuerung des Kraftstoffinjektors zu optimieren. Das bekannte Sensorelement ist mittels einer Klebeverbindung mit der Ausnehmung verbunden und weist darüber hinaus elektrische Anschlussleitungen auf, die mit dem Sensorelement verbunden sind. Insbesondere der Bereich der Klebeverbindung zwischen dem Injektorgehäuse und dem Sensorelement stellt einen zu schützenden Bereich dar, welcher vor dem Zutritt von Medien geschützt werden muss, die ansonsten die Haltbarkeit der Klebeverbindung, insbesondere über die Lebensdauer des Kraftstoffinjektors betrachtet, herabsetzen können.Such a fuel injector is from the post-published DE 10 2014 209 330 A1 known to the applicant. In the known fuel injector, it is provided that the sensor element of a measuring device is arranged in a recess in the injector housing. By means of the sensor element designed as a piezo element, for example, the closing time of a nozzle needle can be detected in order to optimize the control of the fuel injector. The known sensor element is connected to the recess by means of an adhesive connection and moreover has electrical connection lines which are connected to the sensor element. In particular, the area of the adhesive connection between the injector housing and the sensor element represents an area to be protected, which must be protected against the ingress of media, which can otherwise reduce the durability of the adhesive connection, particularly when viewed over the service life of the fuel injector.

Weiterhin ist es bekannt, medienempfindliche Bauteile im Bereich einer Schnittstelle zwischen metallischen Werkstoffen und einer Kunststoffumspritzung, wie sie beispielsweise bei einem als Kraftstoffinjektor ausgebildeten Bauteilverbund vorkommen, technisch aufwändig zu schützen. Hierzu ist es beispielsweise bekannt, durch separate Bauteile wie O-Ringe, Verschweißungen, Glasumschmelzungen oder ähnliches einen derartigen mediendichten Bauteilverbund auszubilden. Hintergrund für diese Maßnahmen ist die nicht vollständige Abdichtung zwischen einem aus metallischem Material bestehenden Element und Kunststoff, welche sich beispielsweise durch Kriechspalte sowie des Nichtanhaftens von Komponenten äußert.Furthermore, it is known to protect media-sensitive components in the area of an interface between metallic materials and a plastic encapsulation, as occurs, for example, in a component assembly designed as a fuel injector, in a technically complex manner. For this purpose, it is known, for example, to form such a media-tight component assembly by means of separate components such as O-rings, weldings, remelting of glass or the like. The background for these measures is the incomplete seal between an element made of metallic material and plastic, which is manifested, for example, by creeping gaps and the non-adherence of components.

Aus der ebenfalls nachveröffentlichten DE 10 2015 201 970 A1 der Anmelderin ist es bekannt, ein mit der Oberfläche des Injektorgehäuses verbundenes Sensorelement mit einem Abdeckelement zu überdecken. Innerhalb des Abdeckelements ist ein vulkanisierendes Medium angeordnet, das den Zutritt von Medien zu dem Sensorelement verhindert. Weiterhin ist das Abdeckelement von einer zusätzlichen, insbesondere aus Kunststoff bestehenden und im Spritzgussverfahren aufgebrachten äußeren Umhüllung umgeben. In der US 4 775 816 A wird ein Sensor beschrieben, der in einem Anschlussstutzen eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils vorgesehen ist.From the also republished DE 10 2015 201 970 A1 it is known to the applicant to cover a sensor element connected to the surface of the injector housing with a cover element. A vulcanizing medium is arranged within the cover element, which prevents the access of media to the sensor element. Furthermore, the cover element is surrounded by an additional outer sheath, in particular made of plastic and applied by injection molding. In the US 4,775,816 A describes a sensor that is provided in a connecting piece of a fuel injection valve.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Ausgehend von dem dargestellten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, das mit der Oberfläche des Injektorgehäuses über eine Klebeverbindung verbundene Sensorelement auf möglichst einfache Art und Weise gegenüber dem Zutritt von die Funktionalität und die Haltbarkeit beeinträchtigenden Medien zu schützen.On the basis of the prior art shown, the object of the invention is to protect the sensor element connected to the surface of the injector housing by means of an adhesive connection in the simplest possible manner against the access of media which impair functionality and durability.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, dass die Messeinrichtung mit einer Schutzeinrichtung zumindest bereichsweise überdeckt ist, die den Zutritt von Medien an das Sensorelement verhindert, dass die Schutzeinrichtung als Vergussmasse oder als Kunststoffumspritzung ausgebildet ist, und dass die Vergussmasse oder Kunststoffumspritzung auf der dem Sensorelement abgewandten Seite in unmittelbarer Wirkverbindung mit der äußeren Umgebung angeordnet ist oder von einem Abdeckelement umgeben ist, das auf der dem Sensorelement abgewandten Seite in unmittelbarer Wirkverbindung mit der äußeren Umgebung angeordnet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in a fuel injector with the features of claim 1 in that the measuring device is covered at least in regions with a protective device that prevents the access of media to the sensor element, that the protective device is designed as a potting compound or as a plastic encapsulation, and that the potting compound or plastic encapsulation is arranged on the side facing away from the sensor element in direct operative connection with the external environment or is surrounded by a cover element which is arranged on the side facing away from the sensor element in direct operative connection with the external environment.

Es ist somit erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, das Sensorelement zumindest mit einer Vergussmasse bzw. einer Kunststoffumspritzung zu überdecken, die das Sensorelement vor dem Einfluss insbesondere aggressiver Medien (Gase und Flüssigkeiten) schützt. Das Vorsehen einer derartigen Vergussmasse bedeutet vorrichtungstechnisch einen relativ geringen Aufwand, insbesondere, wenn die Vergussmasse bzw. das Sensorelement beispielsweise in einer Vertiefung bzw. Ausnehmung des Injektorgehäuses angeordnet ist. So sind dadurch keine zusätzlichen mechanischen Bauelemente bzw. Konstruktionen erforderlich, welche üblicherweise einen zusätzlichen Herstell- bzw. Montageaufwand benötigen. Vielmehr wird die Schutzeinrichtung im einfachsten Fall alleine durch die Vergußmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung gebildet.It is therefore provided according to the invention to cover the sensor element at least with a casting compound or a plastic encapsulation, which protects the sensor element from the influence of, in particular, aggressive media (gases and liquids). The provision of such a potting compound means a relatively low outlay in terms of device technology, in particular if the potting compound or the sensor element is arranged, for example, in a recess or recess in the injector housing. This means that no additional mechanical components or constructions are required, which usually require additional manufacturing or assembly effort. Rather, in the simplest case, the protective device is formed solely by the casting compound or the plastic encapsulation.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.Advantageous developments of the fuel injector according to the invention are listed in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäss ist das Kraftstoffinjektors, bei der die Vergussmasse derart mit dem Sensorelement verbunden ist, dass von der Vergussmasse bzw. der Kunststoffumspritzung eine in Richtung auf das Sensorelement wirkende Druckspannung in Art einer Vorspannkraft erzeugt wird. Eine derartige Anordnung ist beispielsweise dadurch erzielbar, wenn die Vergussmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung mit einem bestimmten Anspritzdruck auf das Sensorelement aufgebracht wird, wobei die Vergussmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung gleichzeitig über ihre Verbindung zu dem Injektorgehäuse zur Übertragung entsprechender Druckspannungen auf das Sensorelement beiträgt. Eine derartige Ausführungsform mit auf das Sensorelement wirkenden Druckspannungen ist insbesondere deshalb besonders vorteilhaft, da bekannt ist, dass die üblicherweise bei den Sensorelement verwendeten Piezokeramiken sehr empfindlich auf interne mechanische Zugspannungen sind, welche zur Zerstörung der Keramik führen können. Mechanische Druckspannungen können hingegen sehr gut ertragen werden. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Druckspannungen wirken daher ggf. auftretenden oder vorhandenen Zugspannungen entgegen bzw. überkompensieren diese, so dass eine besonders hohe Zuverlässigkeit des Sensorelements, insbesondere über die gesamte Betriebsdauer des Kraftstoffinjektors betrachtet, erzielbar ist.According to the invention, the fuel injector in which the potting compound is connected to the sensor element in such a way that a pressure stress acting in the direction of the sensor element in the manner of a pretensioning force is generated by the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation. Such an arrangement can be achieved, for example, if the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation is applied to the sensor element with a specific injection pressure, the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation simultaneously contributing via its connection to the injector housing to the transmission of corresponding compressive stresses to the sensor element. Such an embodiment with compressive stresses acting on the sensor element is particularly advantageous because it is known that the piezoceramics usually used in the sensor element are very sensitive to internal mechanical tensile stresses, which can destroy the ceramic. Mechanical compressive stresses can be tolerated very well. The compressive stresses provided according to the invention therefore counteract or overcompensate tensile stresses that may or may not exist, so that a particularly high reliability of the sensor element, in particular over the entire operating life of the fuel injector, can be achieved.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Vergussmasse ist diese als Elastomer, vorzugsweise Silikon enthaltend, ausgebildet.In a preferred embodiment of the potting compound, it is designed as an elastomer, preferably containing silicone.

Wie bereits oben erläutert, ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Sensorelement in einer Vertiefung des Injektorgehäuses angeordnet ist. Dadurch lässt sich zum einen eine besonders gute Anbindung und ein mechanischer Schutz der Vergussmasse innerhalb der Vertiefung erzielen, und zum anderen ist auch das Sensorelement selbst mechanisch relativ gut geschützt angeordnet.As already explained above, it is particularly advantageous if the sensor element is arranged in a recess in the injector housing. On the one hand, this enables particularly good connection and mechanical protection of the casting compound to be achieved within the depression, and on the other hand the sensor element itself is also arranged in a relatively well protected manner.

Um beim Handling bzw. beim Einbau beispielsweise des Kraftstoffinjektors in eine Brennkraftmaschine eine mechanische Beschädigung der Vergussmasse zu vermeiden, ist es darüber hinaus bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Vergussmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung die Vertiefung in der Höhe nicht überragt.In order to avoid mechanical damage to the potting compound when handling or installing, for example, the fuel injector in an internal combustion engine, it is also preferably provided that the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation does not protrude the height of the recess.

Alternativ ist es jedoch auch möglich, dass die Vergussmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung die Vertiefung in der Höhe überragt und außerhalb der Vertiefung mit der Oberfläche des Injektorgehäuses verbunden ist. Eine derartige Anordnung ermöglicht eine verbesserte Übertragung bzw. die Erzeugung besonders hoher Druckspannungen auf das Sensorelement durch eine vergrößerte Verbindungsfläche der Vergussmasse bzw. der Kunststoffumspritzung mit dem Injektorgehäuse.Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation to project above the recess in height and to be connected to the surface of the injector housing outside the recess. Such an arrangement enables improved transmission or the generation of particularly high compressive stresses to the sensor element through an enlarged connecting area of the sealing compound or the plastic encapsulation with the injector housing.

In wiederum alternativer Ausgestaltung bei Verwendung eines Abdeckelements kann es vorgesehen sein, dass das Abdeckelement mit einem die Vertiefung begrenzenden Bereich des Injektorgehäuses verbunden ist, vorzugsweise durch eine Laserstrahlverschweißung.In another alternative embodiment when using a cover element, it can be provided that the cover element is connected to a region of the injector housing which delimits the depression, preferably by means of laser beam welding.

Ein möglichst vollständiger bzw. umfassender Schutz des Sensorelements wird erzielt, wenn gemäß der Erfindung die Vergussmasse bzw. die Kunststoffumspritzung das Sensorelement auf der dem Injektorgehäuse abgewandten Stirnfläche sowie in Umfangsrichtung überdeckt. Dadurch wird insbesondere der Zutritt von Medien in den Bereich der Klebeverbindung besonders wirkungsvoll unterdrückt bzw. verhindert.The most complete or comprehensive protection possible for the sensor element is achieved if, according to the invention, the potting compound or the plastic encapsulation covers the sensor element on the end face facing away from the injector housing and in the circumferential direction. As a result, in particular the access of media into the area of the adhesive connection is particularly effectively suppressed or prevented.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung.Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing.

Diese zeigt in:

Fig. 1
eine stark vereinfachte, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors und
Fig. 2 bis Fig. 4
jeweils Längsschnitte durch einen Teilbereich des Kraftstoffinjektors gemäß Fig. 1 im Bereich eines an dem Injektorgehäuse angeordneten Sensorelements bei unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen der Schutzeinrichtung.
This shows in:
Fig. 1
a greatly simplified, partially sectioned side view of a fuel injector according to the invention and
Fig. 2 to Fig. 4
in each case longitudinal sections through a partial area of the fuel injector according to Fig. 1 in the area of a sensor element arranged on the injector housing in different embodiments of the protective device.

Gleiche Elemente bzw. Elemente mit gleicher Funktion sind in den Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen.The same elements or elements with the same function are provided with the same reference numbers in the figures.

Der in der Fig. 1 stark vereinfacht dargestellte Kraftstoffinjektor 10 ist als sogenannter Common-Rail-Injektor ausgebildet, und dient dem Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den nicht gezeigten Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine.The Indian Fig. 1 Fuel injector 10, shown in a highly simplified manner, is designed as a so-called common rail injector, and is used to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine, in particular a self-igniting internal combustion engine.

Der Kraftstoffinjektor 10 weist ein im Wesentlichen aus Metall bestehendes, ggf. mehrteilig ausgebildetes Injektorgehäuse 11 auf, in dem auf der dem Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine zugewandten Seite wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise mehrere Einspritzöffnungen 12 zum Einspritzen des Kraftstoffs angeordnet sind. Innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 11 bildet dieses einen Hochruckraum 15 aus, in dem eine als Einspritzglied dienende Düsennadel 16 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 17 hubbeweglich angeordnet ist. In der dargestellten, abgesenkten Stellung der Düsennadel 16 bildet diese zusammen mit der Innenwand des Hochdruckraums 15 bzw. des Injektorgehäuses 11 einen Dichtsitz aus, so dass die Einspritzöffnungen 12 zumindest mittelbar verschlossen sind, derart, dass das Einspritzen von Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckraum 15 in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine vermieden wird. In der anderen, nicht dargestellten, von dem Dichtsitz abgehobenen Position der Düsennadel 16 gibt diese die Einspritzöffnungen 12 zum Einspritzen des Kraftstoffs in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine frei. Die Bewegung der Düsennadel 16, insbesondere zum Freigeben der Einspritzöffnungen 12, erfolgt auf eine an sich bekannte Art und Weise mittels eines nicht dargestellten Aktuators, der über eine Spannungsversorgungsleitung 18 von einer Steuereinrichtung der Brennkraftmaschine ansteuerbar ist. Bei dem Aktuator kann es sich insbesondere um einen Magnetaktuator oder aber um einen Piezoaktuator handeln.The fuel injector 10 has an injector housing 11 consisting essentially of metal, possibly of multiple parts, in which at least one, preferably a plurality of injection openings 12 for injecting the fuel are arranged on the side facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Within the injector housing 11, this forms a high-pressure chamber 15, in which a nozzle needle 16 serving as an injection element is arranged in a direction of movement in the direction of the double arrow 17. In the illustrated, lowered position of the nozzle needle 16, this forms a sealing seat together with the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber 15 or the injector housing 11, so that the injection openings 12 are at least indirectly closed, such that the injection of fuel from the high-pressure chamber 15 into the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is avoided. In the other, not shown, position of the nozzle needle 16, which is lifted from the sealing seat, the latter opens the injection openings 12 for injecting the fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The movement of the nozzle needle 16, in particular to open the injection openings 12, takes place in a manner known per se by means of an actuator, not shown, which can be controlled by a control device of the internal combustion engine via a voltage supply line 18. The actuator can in particular be a magnetic actuator or else a piezo actuator.

Die Versorgung des Hochdruckraums 15 mit unter Hochdruck (Systemdruck) stehendem Kraftstoff erfolgt über eine innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 11 angeordnete bzw. in Bauteilen des Kraftstoffinjektors 10 ausgebildete Versorgungsbohrung 19, die insbesondere exzentrisch zur Längsachse 21 des Injektorgehäuses 11 in einem Randbereich des Kraftstoffinjektors 10, zumindest im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse 21, verläuft. Die Versorgungsbohrung 19 ist darüber hinaus über einen nicht dargestellten Kraftstoffanschlussstutzen mit einer Kraftstoffleitung 22 verbunden, welche wiederum mit einem Kraftstoffspeicher 25 (Rail) gekoppelt ist.The high-pressure chamber 15 is supplied with fuel under high pressure (system pressure) via a supply bore 19 arranged inside the injector housing 11 or formed in components of the fuel injector 10, which is in particular eccentric to the longitudinal axis 21 of the injector housing 11 in an edge region of the fuel injector 10, at least in the Runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 21. The supply bore 19 is also connected via a fuel connection piece, not shown, to a fuel line 22, which in turn is coupled to a fuel reservoir 25 (rail).

In einem von den Einspritzöffnungen 12 bzw. dem Brennraum axial relativ weit beabstandeten Bereich des Injektorgehäuses 11 ist in dessen Außenwand 23 beispielhaft eine sacklochförmige Vertiefung 24 ausgebildet, so dass die Wanddicke des Injektorgehäuses 11 im Bereich der Vertiefung 24 reduziert ist. Ergänzend wird erwähnt, dass anstelle einer sacklochförmigen Vertiefung 24 das Injektorgehäuse 11 auch eine Abflachung aufweisen kann, in deren Bereich die Wanddicke des Injektorgehäuses 11 reduziert ist.In a region of the injector housing 11 that is axially relatively far apart from the injection openings 12 or the combustion chamber, a blind hole-shaped depression 24 is formed in the outer wall 23 thereof, so that the wall thickness of the injector housing 11 is reduced in the region of the depression 24. In addition, it is mentioned that instead of a pocket-shaped depression 24, the injector housing 11 can also have a flattened area, in the area of which the wall thickness of the injector housing 11 is reduced.

Der ebene ausgebildete Grund 26 der Vertiefung 24 bildet einen Teil eines Verformungsbereichs 27 aus. Dadurch wirkt der in der Versorgungsbohrung 19 augenblicklich herrschende Kraftstoffdruck auch in dem Injektorgehäuse 11 auf der der Vertiefung 24 abgewandten Seite. Dadurch, dass die Wanddicke des Injektorgehäuses 11 im Bereich der Vertiefung 24 reduziert ist, wirkt der Wandabschnitt 29 des Injektorgehäuses 11 auf der der Vertiefung 24 zugewandten Seite als Verformungsbereich 27 in Art einer elastisch verformbaren Membran, wobei die Verformung, welche sich als Wölbung ausbildet, umso größer ist, je höher der augenblickliche Kraftstoffdruck in der Versorgungsbohrung 19 ist.The flat base 26 of the recess 24 forms part of a deformation region 27. As a result, the fuel pressure currently prevailing in the supply bore 19 also acts in the injector housing 11 on the side facing away from the recess 24. Because the wall thickness of the injector housing 11 is reduced in the region of the depression 24, the wall section 29 of the injector housing 11 acts on the side facing the depression 24 as a deformation region 27 in the manner of an elastically deformable membrane, the deformation, which is formed as a curvature, The greater the instantaneous fuel pressure in the supply bore 19, the greater.

Zur Detektion des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Kraftstoffdrucks in der Versorgungsbohrung 19 und damit auch in dem Hochdruckraum 15, welcher als Indiz für die augenblickliche Stellung der Düsennadel 16 zur Ansteuerung der Düsennadel 16 verwendet wird, weist der Kraftstoffinjektor 10 eine Messeinrichtung 30 auf. Die Messeinrichtung 30 umfasst ein beispielhaft als Piezoelement 31 ausgebildetes Sensorelement 32.The fuel injector 10 has a measuring device 30 for detecting the time profile of the fuel pressure in the supply bore 19 and thus also in the high-pressure chamber 15, which is used as an indication of the current position of the nozzle needle 16 for actuating the nozzle needle 16. The measuring device 30 comprises a sensor element 32 designed as a piezo element 31, for example.

Die in den Figuren im Einzelnen nicht gezeigten Elektrodenschichten des Piezoelements 31 sind mit Anschlussleitungen 33, 34 verbunden, welche wiederum bei einer Deformation des Verformungsbereichs 27 von einer nicht dargestellten Schaltung auswertbare Spannungssignale erzeugen. Das im Wesentlichen zylindrisch bzw. plattenförmig ausgebildete Piezoelement 31 ist mit dem Grund 26 der Vertiefung 24 über eine Klebeverbindung 35 verbunden. Die Klebeverbindung 35 in Form einer Klebstoffschicht ist derart ausgebildet, dass einerseits eine sichere Befestigung des Piezoelements 31 an dem Injektorgehäuse 11 ermöglicht wird, und andererseits Deformationen des Verformungsbereichs 27 an das Piezoelement 31 übertragen werden.The electrode layers of the piezo element 31, which are not shown in detail in the figures, are connected to connecting lines 33, 34, which in turn generate voltage signals that can be evaluated by a circuit (not shown) when the deformation region 27 is deformed. The essentially cylindrical or plate-shaped piezo element 31 is connected to the base 26 of the recess 24 via an adhesive connection 35. The adhesive connection 35 in the form of an adhesive layer is designed such that, on the one hand, a secure attachment of the piezo element 31 to the injector housing 11 is made possible, and on the other hand, deformations of the deformation region 27 are transmitted to the piezo element 31.

Bei dem in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist das Piezoelement 31 sowohl auf seiner dem Grund 26 bzw. dem Injektorgehäuse 11 abgewandten Stirnfläche 36, als auch im Bereich seiner Umfangsfläche 37 vollflächig von einer Vergussmasse 40 (alternativ einer Kunststoffumspritzung) überdeckt. Die Vergußmasse 40 ist in unmittelbarer Wirkverbindung mit der Umgebung angeordnet, d.h. dass sie frei liegt. Bei der Vergussmasse 40 handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Elastomer, vorzugsweise Silikon enthaltend. Bei dem in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel reicht die Vergussmasse 40 nicht ganz bis an den Umfang der Vertiefung 24 heran. Die Vergussmasse 40 umgibt nicht nur das Piezoelement 31, sondern dient auch der Führung bzw. dem Schutz der Anschlussleitungen 33, 34, welche ebenfalls bereichsweise von der Vergussmasse 40 umgeben sind. Bei dem in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel fluchtet die Oberseite 41 der Vergussmasse 40 in etwa mit der Außenwand 23 des Injektorgehäuses 11, das bedeutet, dass die Vergussmasse 40 die Vertiefung 24 in der Höhe nicht überragt.At the in the Fig. 2 In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the piezo element 31 is covered on its end face 36 facing away from the base 26 or the injector housing 11, as well as in the area of its circumferential surface 37 over the entire area by a casting compound 40 (alternatively a plastic encapsulation). The potting compound 40 is arranged in direct operative connection with the environment, ie that it is exposed. The potting compound 40 is in particular an elastomer, preferably containing silicone. At the in the Fig. 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the potting compound 40 does not quite reach the circumference of the recess 24. The potting compound 40 not only surrounds the piezo element 31, but also serves to guide and protect the connecting lines 33, 34, which are also surrounded in regions by the potting compound 40. The one in the Fig. 2 The illustrated exemplary embodiment aligns the upper side 41 of the potting compound 40 approximately with the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11, which means that the potting compound 40 does not protrude the height of the recess 24.

Vorzugsweise ist es vorgesehen, dass die Vergussmasse 40 derart in Wirkverbindung mit dem Piezoelement 31 sowie dem Bereich des Grunds 26 der Vertiefung 24 aufgebracht wird, dass von der Vergussmasse 40 eine in Richtung des Grunds 26 der Vertiefung 24 wirkende Druckkraft F bzw. Druckspannung auf das Piezoelement 31 erzeugt wird.It is preferably provided that the potting compound 40 is applied in operative connection with the piezo element 31 and the area of the base 26 of the depression 24 such that a pressure force F or compressive stress acting on the base 26 of the depression 24 acts on the potting compound 40 Piezo element 31 is generated.

Bei dem in der Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung überragt die Vergussmasse 40a die Vertiefung 24 in der Höhe und ist mit der Außenwand 23 des Injektorgehäuses 11 an dem die Vertiefung 24 begrenzenden Randbereich verbunden.At the in the Fig. 3 In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the sealing compound 40a projects above the recess 24 in height and is with the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11 is connected to the edge region delimiting the recess 24.

Zuletzt ist in der Fig. 4 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt, das sich im Wesentlichen von der Ausführungsform der Fig. 2 und 3 dadurch unterscheidet, dass die dem Piezoelement 31 abgewandte Oberseite 41 der Vergussmasse 40 von einem beispielsweise aus Blech bestehenden und tiefgezogenen Abdeckelement 45 überdeckt ist, das Öffnungen 46, 47 zum Durchführen der Anschlussleitungen 33, 34 aufweist. Das deckel- bzw. topfförmig ausgebildete Abdeckelement 45 ist mit einem umfangsseitig umlaufenden Flanschbereich 48 mit der Außenwand 23 des Injektorgehäuses 11 verbunden, vorzugsweise durch eine Laserschweißnaht 49 und ist ansonsten in Wirkverbindung mit der Umgebung des Kraftstoffinjektors 10 angeordnet. Das die Vertiefung 24 vollständig überdeckende Abdeckelement 45 ist in seinem Innenraum von der Vergussmasse 40c ausgefüllt. Das Anbringen des Abdeckelements 45 an dem Injektorgehäuse 11 kann entweder nach dem Aufbringen bzw. Anordnen der Vergussmasse 40c erfolgen, oder aber vorab, wobei durch eine nicht dargestellte Öffnung in dem Abdeckelement 45 die Vergussmasse 40c in den von dem Abdeckelement 45 überdeckten Bereich eingebracht wird. Eine derartige Ausführung hat darüber hinaus den besonderen Vorteil, dass das Einspritzen des Elastomers in den von dem Abdeckelement 45 überdeckten Bereich unter erhöhtem Druck stattfinden kann so dass dadurch über das Abdeckelement 45 auf die Vergussmasse 40c eine zusätzliche Druckspannung erzeugt werden kann, die wiederum auf das Piezoelement 31 übertragen wird.Last is in the Fig. 4 an embodiment of the invention shown, which differs essentially from the embodiment of the 2 and 3 differs in that the upper side 41 of the casting compound 40 facing away from the piezo element 31 is covered by a deep-drawn cover element 45, for example made of sheet metal, which has openings 46, 47 for the passage of the connecting lines 33, 34. The cover element or cup-shaped cover element 45 is connected to the outer wall 23 of the injector housing 11 by a circumferential flange region 48, preferably by means of a laser weld seam 49, and is otherwise operatively connected to the surroundings of the fuel injector 10. The covering element 45, which completely covers the recess 24, is filled in its interior by the casting compound 40c. The cover element 45 can be attached to the injector housing 11 either after the application or arrangement of the casting compound 40c, or else in advance, the casting compound 40c being introduced into the area covered by the cover element 45 through an opening (not shown) in the cover element 45. Such an embodiment also has the particular advantage that the injection of the elastomer into the area covered by the cover element 45 can take place under increased pressure, so that an additional compressive stress can be generated by the cover element 45 on the potting compound 40c, which in turn affects the Piezo element 31 is transmitted.

Der soweit beschriebene Kraftstoffinjektor 10 kann in vielfältiger Art und Weise abgewandelt bzw. modifiziert werden, ohne vom Erfindungsgedanken abzuweichen.The fuel injector 10 described so far can be modified or modified in a variety of ways without deviating from the inventive concept.

Claims (6)

  1. Fuel injector (10), in particular common-rail injector, having an injector housing (11) in which there is formed a high-pressure chamber (15) which can be supplied with pressurized fuel via a supply bore (19) arranged in the injector housing (11), having at least one injection opening (12), which is connected at least indirectly to the high-pressure chamber (15) and which is formed in the injector housing (11) and which serves for the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having an injection member (16) which opens up or closes off the at least one injection opening (12), and having a measuring device (30) for at least indirectly detecting the pressure in the high-pressure chamber (15) or in the supply bore (19), wherein the measuring device (30) is designed to detect an elastic deformation of a deformation region (27) which is arranged so as to be at least indirectly operatively connected to the supply bore (19) or to the high-pressure chamber (15), and wherein the measuring device (30) has a sensor element (32) which is connected to the surface of the deformation region (27) by means of an adhesive connection (35), wherein the measuring device (30) is covered at least in certain regions by a protective device, and wherein the protective device is formed as a casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation,
    characterized in that
    the casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation is, on the side averted from the sensor element (32), arranged so as to be directly operatively connected to the surroundings or is surrounded by a cover element (45) which is, on the side averted from the sensor element (32), arranged so as to be directly operatively connected to the surroundings, wherein the casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation is connected to the sensor element (32) such that a pressure force (F) or compressive stress acting in the direction of the sensor element (32) is generated by the casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation, wherein the casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation covers the sensor element (32) on the face surface (36) averted from the injector housing (11) and at the circumferential surface (37) of said sensor element.
  2. Fuel injector according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the casting compound (40; 40a; 40c) is an elastomer, preferably comprising silicone.
  3. Fuel injector according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
    characterized
    in that the sensor element (32) is arranged in a depression (24) of the injector housing (11).
  4. Fuel injector according to Claim 3,
    characterized
    in that the casting compound (40) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation does not project in height beyond the depression (24).
  5. Fuel injector according to Claim 3,
    characterized
    in that the casting compound (40a) or plastics injection-moulded encapsulation projects in height beyond the depression (24) and, outside the depression (24), is connected to the injector housing (11).
  6. Fuel injector according to any of Claims 3 to 5, characterized
    in that the cover element (45) is connected, preferably by means of a laser beam weld seam (49), to a region of the injector housing (11) which delimits the depression (24) .
EP16158236.6A 2015-04-02 2016-03-02 Fuel injector Active EP3076001B1 (en)

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DE102015224709A1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2017-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector

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EP3018337A1 (en) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector
EP3018339A1 (en) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injector

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US4775816A (en) * 1987-11-09 1988-10-04 Stanadyne, Inc. Piezoelectric sensor
US5575264A (en) * 1995-12-22 1996-11-19 Siemens Automotive Corporation Using EEPROM technology in carrying performance data with a fuel injector
JP4419847B2 (en) * 2004-09-16 2010-02-24 株式会社デンソー Pressure sensor
JP5079650B2 (en) * 2007-11-02 2012-11-21 株式会社デンソー Fuel injection valve and fuel injection device
DE102012221084A1 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-05-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel pressure sensor of component e.g. fuel injection valve for fuel injection system of internal combustion engine, has electrode element that is arranged between piezoceramic sensor discs arranged in polygon or rectangular shape
DE102014209330A1 (en) 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for detecting the fuel pressure for a fuel injector, fuel injector and fuel supply line to a fuel injector
DE102015201970A1 (en) 2015-02-04 2016-08-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Component assembly, method for producing a component assembly and fuel injector

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EP3018337A1 (en) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector
EP3018339A1 (en) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injector

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