EP3071895A1 - Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building - Google Patents

Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building

Info

Publication number
EP3071895A1
EP3071895A1 EP14860493.7A EP14860493A EP3071895A1 EP 3071895 A1 EP3071895 A1 EP 3071895A1 EP 14860493 A EP14860493 A EP 14860493A EP 3071895 A1 EP3071895 A1 EP 3071895A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trap
pressure valve
blast damper
blast
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14860493.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3071895A4 (en
EP3071895B1 (en
Inventor
Timo Karkkulainen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vg Innovations SA RL
Original Assignee
Temet Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Temet Oy filed Critical Temet Oy
Publication of EP3071895A1 publication Critical patent/EP3071895A1/en
Publication of EP3071895A4 publication Critical patent/EP3071895A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3071895B1 publication Critical patent/EP3071895B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
    • F24F13/085—Grilles, registers or guards including an air filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
    • F24F13/084—Grilles, registers or guards with mounting arrangements, e.g. snap fasteners for mounting to the wall or duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/745—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity the air flow rate increasing with an increase of air-current or wind pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B13/00—Special devices for ventilating gasproof shelters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blast damper, and more particularly to a blast damper as defined in the independent claim 1 .
  • the present invention relates also to a blast damper assembly, and more particularly to a blast damper assembly as defined in the independent claim 16.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for arranging a blast damper to a building, and more particularly to a method as defined in the independent claim 24.
  • Ventilation systems are safeguarded against such pressure loads by installing in them pressure valves that close automatically when a pressure load of the above-mentioned type is directed to them.
  • Pressure valves of this type may also be installed at a desired location in a ventilation shaft or directly inside or outside a pressure load-resistant wall in connection with a ventilation shaft.
  • Typical pressure valves may comprise hurricane barriers arranged in the pressure valve as a screen on the outer surface of the pressure valve. These screens prevent big solid object from entering inside the pressure valve.
  • An object of the present invention is thus to provide a blast damper and a blast damper assembly so as to alleviate the above disadvantages.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by a blast damper which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • the objects of the invention are further achieved by a blast damper assembly which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a method for arranging a blast damper to a building which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim.
  • the invention is based on the realization that people working at petrochemical refineries and other industrial facilities expose themselves to high risks when working there because there is always risks for a massive explosion of gases and flammable liquids that are present at refineries.
  • the refineries and other industrial facilities require a control room that is staffed so that there is always someone monitoring the processes.
  • the control room also comprises a lot of electricity and technique that has to be protected during an explosion in order to continue working or to shut down properly during explosion and people monitoring the process has to be kept alive. Therefore the building comprising the control room has to be blast resistant and comprise ventilation system that works properly during explosion and does not circulate contaminated air inside the building.
  • the interface connections between outdoor and indoor space need to be passive in normal situations which means that they work properly circulating air in the building and into the building but the connections need to be active when an emergency situation happens.
  • the ventilation system also has to be blast resistant.
  • the ventilation system has to be protected against all sized smashes.
  • the protecting system may not be too big because of the limited size of the building takes in a lot of technique that requires room, so the blast damper for protecting the ventilation system should be quite compact.
  • the blast damper for protecting the ventilation is arranged such that it is firmly attached to the building and does not leave any spaces between the building and the blast damper so that the connection is air tight and stands pressure loads during explosion.
  • a blast damper for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads comprises a pressure valve comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve, said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure.
  • the blast damper also comprises a trap for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve and a hurricane barrier for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve.
  • the trap and the hurricane barrier form together a single barrier unit.
  • the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a sand trap for removing sand in the air before reaching the pressure valve.
  • the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a water trap for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve.
  • the water trap preferably comprises a by-pass duct and means for preventing water to enter inside the pressure valve.
  • the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a flame trap for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve.
  • the flame trap is preferably a fire damper.
  • the invention is further based on the idea of having a compact and overall ventilation protection assembly against pressure loads that is firmly arranged to the building and prevents contaminated air going to the ventilation system and keeps any solid material out from the ventilation system so that it will not break down.
  • a blast damper assembly comprises a pressure valve comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve, said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure.
  • the blast damper assembly further comprises a trap for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve, a hurricane barrier for stopping solid objects in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve, said trap and said hurricane barrier form together a single barrier unit, and a gas-tight valve for controlling the air flow from the pressure valve.
  • the pressure valve, the barrier unit and the gas-tight valve are connected together for forming a blast damper assembly.
  • the trap in the blast damper assembly is a sand trap for removing sand in the air before reaching the pressure valve.
  • the trap in the blast damper assembly is a water trap for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve.
  • the trap in the blast damper assembly is a flame trap for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve.
  • the invention is still further based on the idea of arranging the blast damper to a building such that the blast damper and the wall of the building form an explosion durable connection.
  • the key element for the connecting the blast damper to the wall is that there is an embedded frame in the wall forming a tight connection with the wall.
  • method for arranging a blast damper as defined above to a building comprises the steps of casting a frame in a concrete wall, said wall having an inner surface and an outer surface and said frame extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, connecting a trap and a hurricane barrier to the frame, and connecting a pressure valve to the frame.
  • the step of connecting the trap and the hurricane barrier to the frame further comprises connecting the trap and/or the hurricane barrier to the frame in the outer surface of the wall, said trap and hurricane barrier forming a single barrier unit.
  • the step of connecting the pressure valve to the frame comprises connecting the pressure valve to the frame in the inner surface of the wall .
  • step of connecting the trap and the hurricane barrier to the frame further comprises connecting the trap and/or the hurricane barrier to the frame in the inner surface of the wall, said trap and hurricane barrier forming a single barrier unit.
  • step of connecting the pressure valve to the frame comprises connecting the pressure valve to the frame in the outer surface of the wall.
  • the trap which the trap is a sand trap, a water trap or a flame trap, may be provided to the frame such that it extends from the frame to the outside of the wall of the building or to the inside of the wall of the building in which the frame is arranged.
  • An advantage of the blast damper, blast damper assembly and method of the invention is that the ventilation system of the building is kept clean and undamaged during an explosion such that people inside the building stay alive and the equipment in the control room and service installations that the building comprises stay in operation or operable.
  • An advantage of the blast damper and the blast damper assembly comprising a single barrier unit comprising a hurricane barrier and a trap which the trap is a sand trap is that the sand trap and the hurricane barrier both prevent solid material crashing the pressure valve. If even a small sand grain enters the pressure valve it may be crashed instantly so preventing any mechanical contact between a solid piece and the pressure valve is most crucial thing to do.
  • An advantage of the trap being a water trap is that if water or other liquid reaches the pressure valve, it may cause corrosion during time in the pressure valve.
  • An advantage of the trap being a flame trap is that the heat of the fire may damage components in the pressure valve so that it will not operate properly anymore.
  • Figure 1 shows a blast damper according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a blast damper assembly according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a blast damper 1 according to the invention.
  • the blast damper 1 is for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads which occur in explosions, sudden fires or similar circumstances.
  • the blast damper 1 comprises a pressure valve 2 comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve 2.
  • the flow channel is closable such that when sudden increase of overpressure occurs the flow channel will be closed.
  • the pressure valve 2 is preferably arranged inside a building but it also may be arranged outside of the building.
  • the blast damper 1 further comprises a trap 3 which is a sand trap 3 for removing sand in the air flow before the air flow reaches the pressure valve 2 so that there will not be any sand in the air flow when flowing through the pressure valve 2 so that the it will not be damaged.
  • the blast damper 1 further comprises a hurricane barrier 4 for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve 2.
  • the hurricane barrier 4 is arranged to stop any solid objects bigger than sand entering the pressure valve 2 so that the pressure valve will not be damaged.
  • the hurricane barrier 4 especially prevents for example objects released during explosion such as parts of plants or the like.
  • the sand trap 3 and the hurricane barrier 4 form together a single barrier unit 34.
  • the barrier unit 34 is the outermost part of the blast damper 1 which means that it is the first part that receives the pressure load toward the ventilation system.
  • the barrier unit 34 may be mounted on the outer surface of the building or it may be mounted inside the wall of the building as an embedded element.
  • the barrier unit 34 comprises the sand trap 3 which comprises a by-pass duct and means for removing sand from the air flow.
  • the means for removing sand are arranged in the by-pass duct.
  • the barrier unit 34 further comprises the hurricane barrier 4 which may be a lattice structure, as a screen or such, or it may be a beam structure.
  • the hurricane barrier 4 forms at least part of the means for removing sand which is preferably a beam structure comprising a blade-like ribs preferably vertically arranged in a frame structure.
  • the blade-like ribs are preferably made from steel so that the ribs endure the pressure load from the explosion.
  • the blade-like ribs made from steel function as a hurricane barrier 4 and at the same time allow air flow into buildings and repel the entry of dust and sand as a sand trap 2.
  • the hurricane barrier 4 may be an integral part of the sand trap 2 like the blade-like ribs arranged in a frame structure that function as a sand trap and as a hurricane barrier at the same time or the hurricane barrier 4 may be arranged in the sand trap 3 but is separate part from the means for removing sand in which the sand trap may be a blade-like rib structure and the hurricane barrier 4 may be a lattice structure preferably arranged in front of the sand trap 3.
  • the barrier unit 34 is the first component in the wall which prevents such material from entering into the ventilation system that could mechanically damage the ventilation system.
  • the means for removing sand in the sand trap 3 is preferably profiled such that the sand flowing with the air is collected to the means for removing sand and removed through holes at the bottom of the sand trap 3 for emptying the collected sand and dust.
  • the blast damper 1 further comprises a frame 5 for mounting the blast damper 1 in a concrete wall.
  • the frame 5 is mountable to the concrete wall such that it forms a tight connection with the wall and does not allow any air leaks from the connecting surface between the wall and the frame 5.
  • the frame is preferably embedded to the wall such that it extends from the inner surface of the wall to the outer surface of the wall such that there is a mounting surface for other blast damper 1 parts in the wall surface level in the frame 5.
  • the frame 5 is arranged between the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 such that the pressure valve 2 is inside the building and the barrier unit 34 is outside of the building.
  • the frame 5 may be arranged such that the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 are on the same side of the frame 5 which means that they both are either inside of the building or outside of the building.
  • the frame 5 is arranged in a concrete wall during casting of the concrete wall such that the frame 5 and concrete reinforcement in the concrete wall forms a concrete wall having same strength properties as if there was no aperture in the wall at all.
  • the walls with the frame 5 connected to the wall during casting take pressure of 1 bar such that the concrete wall together with the blast damper 1 does not collapse during an explosion or fire.
  • the blast damper assembly 10 comprises a frame 5 arranged in a concrete wall, which the wall has an inner surface and an outer surface and the frame 5 forming a connection with the pressure valve 2 and/or the barrier unit 34.
  • FIG. 2 shows a blast damper assembly 10 according to the invention.
  • the blast damper assembly 10 comprises a pressure valve 2 comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve 2, which the flow channel is closable during sudden increase of overpressure.
  • the blast damper assembly further comprises a sand trap 3 for removing sand in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve 2 and a hurricane barrier 4 for stopping material in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve 2, which the sand trap 3 and the hurricane barrier 4 form together a single barrier unit 34.
  • the blast damper assembly further comprises a gas-tight valve 6 for controlling the air flow from the pressure valve 2 for preventing harmful gases entering inside a building.
  • the pressure valve 2, the barrier unit 34 and the gas-tight valve 6 are connected together for forming a blast damper assembly 10.
  • the blast damper assembly 10 further comprises a frame 5 arranged in a concrete wall dividing a space as an inside and an outside, and said frame 5 forming a connection with the blast damper assembly 10.
  • the blast damper assembly 10 may further comprise an adapter 8 between the gas-tight valve 6 and any previous component because of the difference in the aperture shapes in different components.
  • the gas-tight valve 6 is usually round shaped when the other components may be rectangular.
  • the barrier unit 34 is arranged on the side of the outer surface of the wall and the rest of the blast damper assembly 10 is arranged on the side of the inner surface of the wall.
  • the frame 5 is arranged between the barrier unit 34 and the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 is arranged outside and the rest of the blast damper assembly 10 is arranged inside.
  • the frame 5 is arranged such that the barrier unit 34 is arranged on the inner side of the wall and is the only element that is connected to the frame 5.
  • the blast damper assembly 10 may further comprise additional elements such as a fire damper 7.
  • the trap 3 being a sand trap all the above mentioned also applies to the water trap or to the flame trap so that the water trap and the hurricane barrier as well as the flame trap and the hurricane barrier also form together a single barrier unit.
  • the single barrier unit may comprise more than one trap 3 together with the hurricane barrier, for example a sand trap and a flame trap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a blast damper (1) for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads. The blast damper (1) comprises a pressure valve (2) comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve (2), said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure. The blast damper further comprises a trap (3) for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve (2) and a hurricane barrier (4) for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve (2), said trap (3) and hurricane barrier (4) form together a single barrier unit (34). The invention relates also to a blast damper assembly (10) and to a method for arranging a blast damper (1) to a building.

Description

BLAST DAMPER, BLAST DAMPER ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR ARRANGING A BLAST DAMPER TO A BUILDING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a blast damper, and more particularly to a blast damper as defined in the independent claim 1 .
The present invention relates also to a blast damper assembly, and more particularly to a blast damper assembly as defined in the independent claim 16.
The present invention also relates to a method for arranging a blast damper to a building, and more particularly to a method as defined in the independent claim 24.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In petrochemical plants, oil-drilling rigs, process industry plants and other corresponding plants, it is necessary to safeguard against sudden and high pressure loads caused by explosions, sudden fires, or the like. In such plants people must be present for controlling the operations in processes and separate control rooms or control buildings are built for that purpose. These spaces need to have air conditioning which operates normally in a normal situation but in an emergency situation they must prevent combustion gases, heat and pressure from entering inside the space where people are present.
Problem associated with the above mentioned situation is that although the building would take the pressure from an explosion usually apertures in the walls of the building in which ventilation systems are arranged as a retrofitting cannot take the pressure which means that the ventilation system breaks down and the wall of the building will also be destroyed.
Ventilation systems are safeguarded against such pressure loads by installing in them pressure valves that close automatically when a pressure load of the above-mentioned type is directed to them. Pressure valves of this type may also be installed at a desired location in a ventilation shaft or directly inside or outside a pressure load-resistant wall in connection with a ventilation shaft. Typical pressure valves may comprise hurricane barriers arranged in the pressure valve as a screen on the outer surface of the pressure valve. These screens prevent big solid object from entering inside the pressure valve.
Problem associated with the above mentioned pressure valve comprising a hurricane barrier is that it does not prevent sand or other small objects from entering the pressure valve. When entering the pressure valve sand may damage it and prevent it from working properly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is thus to provide a blast damper and a blast damper assembly so as to alleviate the above disadvantages. The objects of the invention are achieved by a blast damper which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. The objects of the invention are further achieved by a blast damper assembly which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. The object of the invention is also achieved by a method for arranging a blast damper to a building which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim.
The invention is based on the realization that people working at petrochemical refineries and other industrial facilities expose themselves to high risks when working there because there is always risks for a massive explosion of gases and flammable liquids that are present at refineries. The refineries and other industrial facilities require a control room that is staffed so that there is always someone monitoring the processes. The control room also comprises a lot of electricity and technique that has to be protected during an explosion in order to continue working or to shut down properly during explosion and people monitoring the process has to be kept alive. Therefore the building comprising the control room has to be blast resistant and comprise ventilation system that works properly during explosion and does not circulate contaminated air inside the building. The interface connections between outdoor and indoor space need to be passive in normal situations which means that they work properly circulating air in the building and into the building but the connections need to be active when an emergency situation happens. So the ventilation system also has to be blast resistant. During explosion different sized solid material with gases are flown in the air and smashing against building comprising the control room. The ventilation system has to be protected against all sized smashes. On the other hand the protecting system may not be too big because of the limited size of the building takes in a lot of technique that requires room, so the blast damper for protecting the ventilation system should be quite compact. Another thing that has to be taken account also is that the blast damper for protecting the ventilation is arranged such that it is firmly attached to the building and does not leave any spaces between the building and the blast damper so that the connection is air tight and stands pressure loads during explosion.
According to the invention a blast damper for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads comprises a pressure valve comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve, said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure. The blast damper also comprises a trap for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve and a hurricane barrier for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve. The trap and the hurricane barrier form together a single barrier unit.
In one embodiment of the blast damper according to the invention the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a sand trap for removing sand in the air before reaching the pressure valve.
In another embodiment of the blast damper according to the invention the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a water trap for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve. The water trap preferably comprises a by-pass duct and means for preventing water to enter inside the pressure valve.
In yet another embodiment of the blast damper according to the invention the blast damper comprises a trap which the trap is a flame trap for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve. The flame trap is preferably a fire damper.
The invention is further based on the idea of having a compact and overall ventilation protection assembly against pressure loads that is firmly arranged to the building and prevents contaminated air going to the ventilation system and keeps any solid material out from the ventilation system so that it will not break down.
According to the invention a blast damper assembly comprises a pressure valve comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve, said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure. The blast damper assembly further comprises a trap for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve, a hurricane barrier for stopping solid objects in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve, said trap and said hurricane barrier form together a single barrier unit, and a gas-tight valve for controlling the air flow from the pressure valve. The pressure valve, the barrier unit and the gas-tight valve are connected together for forming a blast damper assembly.
In one embodiment of the blast damper assembly according to the invention the trap in the blast damper assembly is a sand trap for removing sand in the air before reaching the pressure valve.
In another embodiment of the blast damper assembly according to the invention the trap in the blast damper assembly is a water trap for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve.
In yet another embodiment of the blast damper assembly according to the invention the trap in the blast damper assembly is a flame trap for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve.
The invention is still further based on the idea of arranging the blast damper to a building such that the blast damper and the wall of the building form an explosion durable connection. The key element for the connecting the blast damper to the wall is that there is an embedded frame in the wall forming a tight connection with the wall.
According to the invention method for arranging a blast damper as defined above to a building comprises the steps of casting a frame in a concrete wall, said wall having an inner surface and an outer surface and said frame extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, connecting a trap and a hurricane barrier to the frame, and connecting a pressure valve to the frame.
In one embodiment of the invention the step of connecting the trap and the hurricane barrier to the frame further comprises connecting the trap and/or the hurricane barrier to the frame in the outer surface of the wall, said trap and hurricane barrier forming a single barrier unit. Further the step of connecting the pressure valve to the frame comprises connecting the pressure valve to the frame in the inner surface of the wall .
In another embodiment of the invention the step of connecting the trap and the hurricane barrier to the frame further comprises connecting the trap and/or the hurricane barrier to the frame in the inner surface of the wall, said trap and hurricane barrier forming a single barrier unit. Further the step of connecting the pressure valve to the frame comprises connecting the pressure valve to the frame in the outer surface of the wall.
According to the invention the trap, which the trap is a sand trap, a water trap or a flame trap, may be provided to the frame such that it extends from the frame to the outside of the wall of the building or to the inside of the wall of the building in which the frame is arranged.
An advantage of the blast damper, blast damper assembly and method of the invention is that the ventilation system of the building is kept clean and undamaged during an explosion such that people inside the building stay alive and the equipment in the control room and service installations that the building comprises stay in operation or operable. An advantage of the blast damper and the blast damper assembly comprising a single barrier unit comprising a hurricane barrier and a trap which the trap is a sand trap is that the sand trap and the hurricane barrier both prevent solid material crashing the pressure valve. If even a small sand grain enters the pressure valve it may be crashed instantly so preventing any mechanical contact between a solid piece and the pressure valve is most crucial thing to do. An advantage of the trap being a water trap is that if water or other liquid reaches the pressure valve, it may cause corrosion during time in the pressure valve. An advantage of the trap being a flame trap is that the heat of the fire may damage components in the pressure valve so that it will not operate properly anymore.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows a blast damper according to the invention; and Figure 2 shows a blast damper assembly according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 shows a blast damper 1 according to the invention. The blast damper 1 is for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads which occur in explosions, sudden fires or similar circumstances. The blast damper 1 comprises a pressure valve 2 comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve 2. The flow channel is closable such that when sudden increase of overpressure occurs the flow channel will be closed. The pressure valve 2 is preferably arranged inside a building but it also may be arranged outside of the building. In the embodiment shown in figure 1 the blast damper 1 further comprises a trap 3 which is a sand trap 3 for removing sand in the air flow before the air flow reaches the pressure valve 2 so that there will not be any sand in the air flow when flowing through the pressure valve 2 so that the it will not be damaged. The blast damper 1 further comprises a hurricane barrier 4 for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve 2. The hurricane barrier 4 is arranged to stop any solid objects bigger than sand entering the pressure valve 2 so that the pressure valve will not be damaged. The hurricane barrier 4 especially prevents for example objects released during explosion such as parts of plants or the like. The sand trap 3 and the hurricane barrier 4 form together a single barrier unit 34. This means that the sand trap 3 and the hurricane barrier 4 operate as a single barrier unit 34 and the barrier unit 34 is arranged in the blast damper 1 as a part of it. The barrier unit 34 is the outermost part of the blast damper 1 which means that it is the first part that receives the pressure load toward the ventilation system. The barrier unit 34 may be mounted on the outer surface of the building or it may be mounted inside the wall of the building as an embedded element.
In other words the barrier unit 34 comprises the sand trap 3 which comprises a by-pass duct and means for removing sand from the air flow. The means for removing sand are arranged in the by-pass duct. The barrier unit 34 further comprises the hurricane barrier 4 which may be a lattice structure, as a screen or such, or it may be a beam structure. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the hurricane barrier 4 forms at least part of the means for removing sand which is preferably a beam structure comprising a blade-like ribs preferably vertically arranged in a frame structure. The blade-like ribs are preferably made from steel so that the ribs endure the pressure load from the explosion. The blade-like ribs made from steel function as a hurricane barrier 4 and at the same time allow air flow into buildings and repel the entry of dust and sand as a sand trap 2. The hurricane barrier 4 may be an integral part of the sand trap 2 like the blade-like ribs arranged in a frame structure that function as a sand trap and as a hurricane barrier at the same time or the hurricane barrier 4 may be arranged in the sand trap 3 but is separate part from the means for removing sand in which the sand trap may be a blade-like rib structure and the hurricane barrier 4 may be a lattice structure preferably arranged in front of the sand trap 3. The barrier unit 34 is the first component in the wall which prevents such material from entering into the ventilation system that could mechanically damage the ventilation system. The means for removing sand in the sand trap 3 is preferably profiled such that the sand flowing with the air is collected to the means for removing sand and removed through holes at the bottom of the sand trap 3 for emptying the collected sand and dust.
The blast damper 1 further comprises a frame 5 for mounting the blast damper 1 in a concrete wall. The frame 5 is mountable to the concrete wall such that it forms a tight connection with the wall and does not allow any air leaks from the connecting surface between the wall and the frame 5. The frame is preferably embedded to the wall such that it extends from the inner surface of the wall to the outer surface of the wall such that there is a mounting surface for other blast damper 1 parts in the wall surface level in the frame 5.
According to the invention the frame 5 is arranged between the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 such that the pressure valve 2 is inside the building and the barrier unit 34 is outside of the building. According to another embodiment of the invention the frame 5 may be arranged such that the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 are on the same side of the frame 5 which means that they both are either inside of the building or outside of the building.
In the method according to the invention the frame 5 is arranged in a concrete wall during casting of the concrete wall such that the frame 5 and concrete reinforcement in the concrete wall forms a concrete wall having same strength properties as if there was no aperture in the wall at all. The walls with the frame 5 connected to the wall during casting take pressure of 1 bar such that the concrete wall together with the blast damper 1 does not collapse during an explosion or fire. There are also no apertures or other holes between the frame 5 and the concrete wall. The blast damper assembly 10 comprises a frame 5 arranged in a concrete wall, which the wall has an inner surface and an outer surface and the frame 5 forming a connection with the pressure valve 2 and/or the barrier unit 34.
Figure 2 shows a blast damper assembly 10 according to the invention. The blast damper assembly 10 comprises a pressure valve 2 comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve 2, which the flow channel is closable during sudden increase of overpressure. The blast damper assembly further comprises a sand trap 3 for removing sand in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve 2 and a hurricane barrier 4 for stopping material in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve 2, which the sand trap 3 and the hurricane barrier 4 form together a single barrier unit 34. The blast damper assembly further comprises a gas-tight valve 6 for controlling the air flow from the pressure valve 2 for preventing harmful gases entering inside a building. The pressure valve 2, the barrier unit 34 and the gas-tight valve 6 are connected together for forming a blast damper assembly 10. The blast damper assembly 10 further comprises a frame 5 arranged in a concrete wall dividing a space as an inside and an outside, and said frame 5 forming a connection with the blast damper assembly 10. The blast damper assembly 10 may further comprise an adapter 8 between the gas-tight valve 6 and any previous component because of the difference in the aperture shapes in different components. The gas-tight valve 6 is usually round shaped when the other components may be rectangular. In one embodiment of the invention the barrier unit 34 is arranged on the side of the outer surface of the wall and the rest of the blast damper assembly 10 is arranged on the side of the inner surface of the wall.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the frame 5 is arranged between the barrier unit 34 and the pressure valve 2 and the barrier unit 34 is arranged outside and the rest of the blast damper assembly 10 is arranged inside. In another embodiment of the invention the frame 5 is arranged such that the barrier unit 34 is arranged on the inner side of the wall and is the only element that is connected to the frame 5.
The blast damper assembly 10 may further comprise additional elements such as a fire damper 7.
Although the figures show the trap 3 being a sand trap all the above mentioned also applies to the water trap or to the flame trap so that the water trap and the hurricane barrier as well as the flame trap and the hurricane barrier also form together a single barrier unit.
In another embodiment of the invention the single barrier unit may comprise more than one trap 3 together with the hurricane barrier, for example a sand trap and a flame trap.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A blast damper (1) for protecting a ventilation system against pressure loads, characterized in that the blast damper (1 ) comprises
- a pressure valve (2) comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve (2), said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure,
- a trap (3) for preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve (2) and
- a hurricane barrier (4) for preventing solid objects in the air flow from entering inside the pressure valve (2),
said trap (3) and hurricane barrier (4) form together a single barrier unit (34).
2. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the trap (3) is a sand trap (3) for removing sand in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve (2).
3. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the sand trap (3) comprises a by-pass duct and means for removing sand from the air flow, said means for removing sand are arranged in the by-pass duct.
4. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the hurricane barrier (4) forms at least part of said means for removing sand.
5. A blast damper (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the hurricane barrier (4) is an integral part of the sand trap (3).
6. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the hurricane barrier (4) is arranged in the sand trap (3) but is separate from the means for removing sand.
7. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the trap (3) is a water trap (3) for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve (2).
8. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the water trap (3) comprises a by-pass duct and means for preventing water to enter inside the pressure valve (2).
9. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the trap (3) is a flame trap (3) for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve (2).
10. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the flame trap (3) is a fire damper.
11. A blast damper (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the hurricane barrier (4) is a lattice structure.
12. A blast damper (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the hurricane barrier (4) is a beam structure.
13. A blast damper (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the blast damper (1 ) further comprises a frame (5) for mounting the blast damper (1 ) in a concrete wall.
14. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the frame (5) is arranged between the pressure valve (2) and the barrier unit (34).
15. A blast damper (1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the frame (5) is arranged such that the pressure valve (2) and the barrier unit (34) are on the same side of the frame (5).
16. A blast damper assembly (10), characterized in that the blast damper assembly (10) comprises:
a pressure valve (2) comprising a body forming a flow channel for air flow through the pressure valve (2), said flow channel being closable during sudden increase of overpressure,
a trap (3) preventing harmful solid particles, liquids or fire reaching the pressure valve (2),
a hurricane barrier (4) for stopping solid objects in the air flow before reaching the pressure valve (2), said trap (3) and said hurricane barrier (4) form together a single barrier unit (34), and
a gas-tight valve (6) for controlling the air flow from the pressure valve (2),
said pressure valve (2), said barrier unit (34) and said gas-tight valve (6) are connected together for forming a blast damper assembly (10).
17. A blast damper assembly (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that the blast damper assembly (10) further comprises a frame (5) arranged in a concrete wall, said wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, and said frame (5) forming a connection with the pressure valve (2) and/or the barrier unit (34).
18. A blast damper assembly (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that the frame (5) is arranged between the barrier unit (34) and the pressure valve (2).
19. A blast damper assembly (10) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the barrier unit (34) is arranged on the side of the outer surface of the wall and the rest of the blast damper assembly (10) is arranged on the side of the inner surface of the wall .
20. A blast damper assembly (10) according to any of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the trap (3) is a sand trap (3) for removing sand in the airflow before reaching the pressure valve (2).
21. A blast damper assembly (10) according to any of claims 16 to
19, characterized in that the trap (3) is a water trap (3) for removing water coming together with the air flow before reaching the pressure valve (2).
22. A blast damper assembly (10) according to any of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the trap (3) is a flame trap (3) for preventing fire reaching the pressure valve (2).
23. A blast damper assembly (10) according to any of claims 16 - 22, characterized in that the blast damper assembly (10) further comprises a fire damper (7).
24. Method for arranging a blast damper (1) according to claim 1 to a building, the method comprising the steps of:
a) casting a frame (5) in a concrete wall, said wall having an inner surface and an outer surface and said frame (5) extending from the inner surface to the outer surface,
b) connecting a trap (3) and a hurricane barrier (4) to the frame (5), and
c) connecting a pressure valve (2) to the frame (5).
25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the step b) further comprising connecting the trap (3) and/or the hurricane barrier (4) to the frame in the outer surface of the wall.
26. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the step b) further comprising connecting the trap (3) and/or the hurricane barrier (4) to the frame in the inner surface of the wall.
27. Method according to claim 24 or 25, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the step c) further comprising connecting the pressure valve (2) to the frame (5) in the inner surface of the wall.
28. Method according to claim 24 or 26, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the step c) further comprising connecting the pressure valve (2) to the frame (5) in the outer surface of the wall.
EP14860493.7A 2013-11-05 2014-11-03 Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building Active EP3071895B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20136083A FI127580B (en) 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building
PCT/FI2014/050821 WO2015067850A1 (en) 2013-11-05 2014-11-03 Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3071895A1 true EP3071895A1 (en) 2016-09-28
EP3071895A4 EP3071895A4 (en) 2017-08-16
EP3071895B1 EP3071895B1 (en) 2021-04-07

Family

ID=53040952

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14860493.7A Active EP3071895B1 (en) 2013-11-05 2014-11-03 Blast damper, blast damper assembly and method for arranging a blast damper to a building

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3071895B1 (en)
DK (1) DK3071895T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2878424T3 (en)
FI (1) FI127580B (en)
WO (1) WO2015067850A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH386255A (en) * 1961-07-07 1964-12-31 Sulzer Ag Pressure wave valve
DE1559611B1 (en) * 1965-07-05 1969-09-18 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Closure device for ventilation ducts in particular underground protective structures, such as bunkers, air raids or the like.
US3756137A (en) * 1972-02-24 1973-09-04 H Scharres Fire, smoke and blast damper
CH558866A (en) * 1972-09-26 1975-02-14 Luwa Ag PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLING AN EXPLOSION PROTECTION VALVE AND AN EXPLOSION PROTECTION VALVE TO PERFORM THE PROCEDURE.
GB9007088D0 (en) * 1990-03-29 1990-05-30 Airflow Nicoll Ventilators Lim Ventilation apparatus
DE10128379A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2003-01-02 Ds Plan Ingenieurgesellschaft Device for non-central ventilation of a room in a building has fresh air feed channel with continuously self-regulating valve to limit air flow, and controllable heat exchanger
FI123213B (en) * 2008-05-09 2012-12-31 Temet Oy pressure valve
FI124126B (en) * 2010-12-29 2014-03-31 Temet Oy Pressure valve and valve frame construction
KR101108669B1 (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-01-25 삼영테크(주) Sand louber apparatus for air conditioner
CN202630335U (en) * 2012-06-01 2012-12-26 中国石油化工集团公司 Rainproof sand-stop grille air port

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3071895T3 (en) 2021-06-28
EP3071895A4 (en) 2017-08-16
EP3071895B1 (en) 2021-04-07
FI20136083A (en) 2015-05-06
WO2015067850A1 (en) 2015-05-14
FI127580B (en) 2018-09-14
ES2878424T3 (en) 2021-11-18

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