EP3064615B1 - Method for electrolytical coating of complex components - Google Patents

Method for electrolytical coating of complex components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3064615B1
EP3064615B1 EP15157447.2A EP15157447A EP3064615B1 EP 3064615 B1 EP3064615 B1 EP 3064615B1 EP 15157447 A EP15157447 A EP 15157447A EP 3064615 B1 EP3064615 B1 EP 3064615B1
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Prior art keywords
component
coated
electrolyte
electrolysis
rotation
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3064615A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Wilbuer
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Mtv Nt GmbH
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Mtv Nt GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/02—Tanks; Installations therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/10—Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the electrolytic coating of complex components, the component being coated with at least one layer of nickel and / or a nickel alloy as part of an electrolysis by means of an aqueous electrolyte solution, with a relative movement between the component to be coated and at least temporarily during the electrolysis the electrolyte is generated, the component to be coated and / or an electrolysis bath for receiving the electrolyte being at least temporarily set in rotation, the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or the electrolysis bath being at least temporarily set in precession during the rotation, resulting in results in a tumbling movement of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath.
  • Electrolytic coating processes are well known in the art and have established themselves with great success in the industry.
  • a general problem with electrolytic coating arises from the fact that electrolysis hydrogen is produced during metal deposition from aqueous solution, which is determined in terms of quantity by the efficiency of the corresponding electrolyte. Elemental hydrogen forms in the form of small bubbles that locally block the metal deposition and thus sustainably reduce the quality of the resulting coating.
  • disadvantages such as, in particular, a reduced service life of the component, a reduced protective effect e.g. against radiation or the increase in accidents due to unexpected material failure.
  • Complex components are, in particular, those that are composed of at least two, but usually several sub-components.
  • Such complex configurations in the interior of the components do not have flat surfaces, at least in some areas, due to the design and / or purpose, but structures such as in particular recesses, elevations, undercuts, constrictions, holes, grooves, beads, edges, connecting points made up of two or more sub-components, hinges, handles, and the like.
  • melt-flow electrolysis requires comparatively high temperatures and current densities, which disadvantageously consumes significantly more energy. Their area of application is therefore limited to those chemical elements that cannot be deposited from aqueous solution.
  • US 2014/299478 A1 discloses a method for the electrolytic coating of wafers, the component to be coated being set in rotation during the electrolysis and the direction of the axis of rotation of the component to be coated being changed during the rotation.
  • a method mentioned at the beginning is proposed, which is characterized in that the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath is at least temporarily set in precession during the rotation, resulting in a tumbling movement of the component to be coated and / or the Electrolysis bath results.
  • the relative movement is generated at least temporarily during the electrolysis. It has been shown that even a relative movement that is only generated temporarily The efficiency and the coating result of the process are improved.
  • the relative movement can preferably be generated over a longer period of time in order to further improve the method. It is preferred here to generate the relative movement at intervals.
  • the duration of the intervals can be predetermined and unchangeable for a coating process.
  • the sum of the duration of the intervals is preferably at least half the duration of the electrolysis.
  • sensors can be provided which detect differences in the concentration of the metal ions in the electrolysis bath. When a predeterminable limit value is exceeded, a relative movement is then generated in the manner according to the invention.
  • PH sensors which monitor the pH value of the electrolyte can preferably also be used as sensors. This makes it possible to reduce the energy that has to be expended by generating the relative movement and at the same time to achieve the removal of the electrolysis hydrogen according to the invention. According to a particularly preferred feature of the invention, the relative movement is generated and maintained during the entire duration of the electrolysis. It has been shown that particularly high-quality layers can be produced in this way.
  • a relative movement is generated between the component to be coated and the electrolyte in the component during the electrolysis.
  • the relative movement is generated in that the component and / or the electrolysis bath are moved relative to one another for receiving the electrolyte.
  • the component is moved relative to the stationary electrolysis bath.
  • the electrolysis bath can preferably be arranged to be displaceable. This can be done using rails or a similar guide.
  • the electrolysis bath is moved relative to the stationary component.
  • Both the component and the electrolysis bath are particularly preferably designed to be displaceable, preferably by means of rails or similar guides.
  • the component and the electrolytic bath are moved relative to one another.
  • the component and / or the electrolysis bath can preferably be moved linearly.
  • Such a movement can be achieved with simple means and does not require any complex control.
  • Alternatively or in combination with a linear movement other types of movement are also conceivable.
  • the method is suitable for coating any complex components. It is particularly preferred to coat container-like components with comparatively large surfaces.
  • a special feature here is the inner coating of such containers.
  • the container is filled with electrolyte for this purpose. He himself forms the electrolysis bath.
  • the container is preferably made usable for electrolysis with appropriate attachments or conversion devices.
  • the container is preferably moved.
  • the relative movement is generated in that the component to be coated and / or the electrolysis bath is set in rotation during the electrolysis at least temporarily, preferably for the entire duration of the electrolysis. It has been shown that a relative movement caused by rotation between the component to be coated and the electrolyte is particularly effective with regard to the accumulation of an undesired hydrogen bubble.
  • the component to be coated is preferably set in rotation. For this purpose it can be arranged on a rotatably mounted device. The device can also have a holding device, by which the component is held in a non-slip manner. Such a procedure has proven particularly useful for the internal coating of containers.
  • the relative movement is generated in that the electrolysis bath is set in rotation at least temporarily.
  • the device can be arranged on a rotatably mounted device.
  • the device can also have a holding device, by which the electrolysis bath is held in a non-slip manner.
  • the relative movement is generated in that the component to be coated and the electrolysis bath are set in rotation at least temporarily.
  • the component and the electrolysis bath are each set in rotation with mutually opposite directions of rotation.
  • the direction of the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath is changed at least temporarily during the rotation. This results in complex ones
  • the axis of rotation of the component to be coated is set into precession at least temporarily during the rotation, preferably for the entire duration of the rotation.
  • the axis of rotation is preferably deflected at an angle between 1 ° and 45 °, preferably 5 ° to 20 ° and particularly preferably 7 ° to 10 °.
  • the electrolyte is at least temporarily circulated during the electrolysis.
  • a flow is generated in the electrolysis bath, which leads to a relative movement between the electrolyte and the component to be coated.
  • the circulation can be provided in connection with the above-described movement of the component and / or the electrolysis bath.
  • a combination of tumbling motion of the electrolysis bath and circulation of the electrolyte is particularly preferred here. This combination has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of improving the efficiency and quality of the process.
  • the circulation is preferably carried out with the aid of nozzles.
  • the nozzles are preferably part of the anodes.
  • An electrolyte flow is preferably generated by means of the nozzle, which flow is opposite to the relative movement of the electrolyte generated by the movement of the component and / or the electrolysis bath.
  • the component is coated in segments.
  • the surface of the component to be coated is divided into segments, each of which is spatially assigned a separate rectifier and an anode.
  • the anodes of the individual segments are preferably electrically shielded from the anodes of the other surface segments.
  • the method according to the invention enables, in particular, complex metallic components, in particular those made of steel or nodular cast iron, to be coated.
  • Nodular cast iron refers to cast iron with spheroidal graphite. It is also known as ductile cast iron and has mechanical properties similar to steel.
  • Complex components made of nodular cast iron with the designation GJS-400-15 according to EN 1563 can be coated particularly advantageously using the method according to the invention.
  • all metals and alloys that can be electrodeposited can be deposited by means of the method according to the invention.
  • complex components can thus preferably be nickel-plated, copper-plated, tin-plated and galvanized.
  • alloy layers such as in particular bronze layers or tin-nickel layers, is likewise possible and preferred with the method according to the invention.
  • the component is coated with nickel and / or an alloy containing nickel.
  • nickel is preferably deposited from an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution.
  • the nickel sulfamate solution also contains at least boric acid and nickel (II) bromide.
  • the nickel sulfamate concentration is preferably set to a value between 60 and 100 g / l, preferably 80 g / l.
  • the boric acid concentration is preferably set to a value between 20 and 50 g / l, preferably 30 g / l.
  • the nickel (II) bromide concentration is preferably set to a value between 60 and 100 g / l, preferably 80 g / l.
  • the pH of the electrolyte is preferably adjusted to a value between 3 and 4, preferably 3.2.
  • the electrolyte temperature is preferably set to a value between 35 and 45.degree. C., preferably 40.degree.
  • the current density is preferably set to a value between 1 and 20 mA / cm 2 , preferably 15 and 18 mA / cm 2 .
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrolysis bath 1 for the galvanic deposition of nickel in a sectional view.
  • the electrolysis bath 1 has anodes 2.
  • the anodes 2 have anode nozzles 3, with the aid of which the electrolyte 4 located in the electrolysis bath 1 is circulated during the electrolysis.
  • a flow of the electrolyte 4 that is comparatively close to the component can be brought about, as a result of which, in particular, the removal of any hydrogen gas bubbles that may arise from the surface of the component 5 to be coated is improved.
  • the electrolysis bath 1 is arranged on a rotatably mounted device 6. On its side 7 remote from the electrolysis bath, the device 6 has a recess in the form of a ball-and-socket joint receptacle (not shown). In this way, the electrolysis bath 1 can perform both rotational movements with a rigid axis of rotation and rotational movements with the direction of the axis of rotation that can be changed over time.
  • the electrolysis bath 1 is set in precession about the axis of rotation A by means of the device 6 for the entire duration of the electrolysis. This results in a tumbling movement of the electrolysis bath that is particularly advantageous for the method. In the present case, the precession results from the deflection of the axis of rotation A with a deflection angle ⁇ of 15 °.
  • the component 5 to be coated is a complex component within the meaning of the invention. It has a plurality of sub-components 8, 9, 10 and 11. In the present case, the sub-components form a container 8 with a lid holder 12.
  • a constant supply of metal ions as would be necessary for the deposition of a homogeneous nickel plating, in particular of the lid holder, could not be guaranteed.
  • a comparatively large amount of hydrogen would be formed there, which would be disadvantageous in terms of both the electrolyte and power consumption and the coating quality. According to the invention, these disadvantages are completely avoided by the above-described tumbling movement of the electrolysis bath, which induces a particularly advantageous relative movement between component and electrolyte, and the circulation of the electrolyte using the anode nozzles.
  • the electrolysis bath 1 is filled with an electrolyte 4 for nickel-plating the component 5 to be coated.
  • the electrolyte 4 is formed from an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution.
  • the solution contains nickel sulfamate in a concentration of 80 g / l, boric acid in a concentration of 30 g / l and nickel (II) bromide in a concentration of 80 g / l.
  • the pH of the electrolyte is adjusted to a value of 3.2.
  • the electrolyte temperature is set to a value of 40 ° C.
  • the current density is set to a value of 18 mA / cm 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Beschichtung komplexer Bauteile, wobei das Bauteil im Rahmen einer Elektrolyse mittels einer wässrigen Elektrolytlösung mit wenigstens einer Schicht aus Nickel und/oder einer Nickellegierung beschichtet wird, wobei während der Elektrolyse wenigstens zeitweise eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten erzeugt wird, wobei das zu beschichtende Bauteil und/oder ein Elektrolysebad zur Aufnahme des Elektrolyten wenigstens zeitweise in Rotation versetzt wird, wobei die Rotationsachse des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades während der Rotation wenigstens zeitweise in Präzession versetzt wird, woraus sich eine Taumelbewegung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades ergibt.The invention relates to a method for the electrolytic coating of complex components, the component being coated with at least one layer of nickel and / or a nickel alloy as part of an electrolysis by means of an aqueous electrolyte solution, with a relative movement between the component to be coated and at least temporarily during the electrolysis the electrolyte is generated, the component to be coated and / or an electrolysis bath for receiving the electrolyte being at least temporarily set in rotation, the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or the electrolysis bath being at least temporarily set in precession during the rotation, resulting in results in a tumbling movement of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath.

Elektrolytische Beschichtungsverfahren sind aus dem Stand der Technik gut bekannt und haben sich in der Industrie mit großem Erfolg etabliert.Electrolytic coating processes are well known in the art and have established themselves with great success in the industry.

Ein generelles Problem bei der elektrolytischen Beschichtung ergibt sich daraus, dass bei der Metallabscheidung aus wässriger Lösung Elektrolyse-Wasserstoff entsteht, welcher mengenmäßig durch den Wirkungsgrad des entsprechenden Elektrolyten bestimmt wird. Es bildet sich elementarer Wasserstoff in Form kleiner Bläschen, die die Metallabscheidung lokal blockieren und so die Qualität der resultierenden Beschichtung nachhaltig mindern. Je nach Beschichtung und den mit dieser zu erzielenden Eigenschaften ergeben sich eine Reihe von Nachteilen, wie insbesondere eine verringerte Lebensdauer des Bauteils, eine verminderte Schutzwirkung z.B. gegenüber Strahlung oder auch die Mehrung von Unfällen durch unerwarteten Materialausfall.A general problem with electrolytic coating arises from the fact that electrolysis hydrogen is produced during metal deposition from aqueous solution, which is determined in terms of quantity by the efficiency of the corresponding electrolyte. Elemental hydrogen forms in the form of small bubbles that locally block the metal deposition and thus sustainably reduce the quality of the resulting coating. Depending on the coating and the properties to be achieved with it, there are a number of disadvantages, such as, in particular, a reduced service life of the component, a reduced protective effect e.g. against radiation or the increase in accidents due to unexpected material failure.

Es hat sich daher etabliert, die Metallabscheidung durch Verfahrensparameter wie insbesondere den pH-Wert, die Temperatur und die Stromdichte an die jeweiligen abzuscheidenden Metall oder Legierungen anzupassen und die Bildung von Wasserstoff zu minimieren.It has therefore become established to adapt the metal deposition to the respective metal or alloys to be deposited by means of process parameters such as, in particular, the pH value, the temperature and the current density, and to minimize the formation of hydrogen.

Ein Problem ergibt sich jedoch dann, wenn komplexe Bauteile beschichtet werden sollen. Komplexe Bauteile sind insbesondere solche, welche aus wenigstens zwei, in der Regel jedoch mehreren Unterbauteilen zusammengesetzt sind. Derartige komplexe Konfigurationen im inneren der Bauteile weisen hierbei konstruktions- und/oder zweckbedingt wenigstens bereichsweise keine ebenen Oberflächen, sondern Strukturen wie insbesondere Ausnehmungen, Erhebungen, Hinterdrehungen, Einschnürungen, Löcher, Nuten, Sicken, Kanten, Verbindungsstellen aus zwei oder mehr Unterbauteilen, Scharniere, Griffe, und ähnliches auf.However, a problem arises when complex components are to be coated. Complex components are, in particular, those that are composed of at least two, but usually several sub-components. Such complex configurations in the interior of the components do not have flat surfaces, at least in some areas, due to the design and / or purpose, but structures such as in particular recesses, elevations, undercuts, constrictions, holes, grooves, beads, edges, connecting points made up of two or more sub-components, hinges, handles, and the like.

Aufgrund der besonderen dreidimensionalen Geometrie derartiger Bauteile kann eine ständige Zufuhr von Metallionen, wie sie zur Abscheidung einer homogenen Beschichtung der vorgenannten Strukturen notwendig wäre, im Stand der Technik nicht gewährleistet werden. Demgemäß sammelt sich an solchen Strukturen im Vergleich mit ebenen, senkrechten Oberflächen vergleichsweise viel Wasserstoff, der nicht entweichen kann, was in diesem Bereich eine Metallabscheidung verhindert.Due to the special three-dimensional geometry of such components, a constant supply of metal ions, as would be necessary for the deposition of a homogeneous coating of the aforementioned structures, cannot be guaranteed in the prior art. Accordingly, in comparison with flat, vertical surfaces, a comparatively large amount of hydrogen collects on such structures, which cannot escape, which prevents metal deposition in this area.

So ist aus der US 3,649,477 A zum Beispiel ein Verfahren zur Innenvernickelung großer Behälter, wie insbesondere ein Tank eines Tankgleiswagens, bekannt. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Behälter derart umgebaut, dass er als Elektrolysebehälter genutzt werden kann. Dementsprechend wird Elektrolyt in das Innere des zu beschichtenden Behälters gefüllt, sodass die Innenwände bereichsweise von der Elektrolytlösung umspült sind. Alsdann wird an den Behälter eine Spannung angelegt und dieser in Rotation versetzt.So is from the U.S. 3,649,477 A For example, a method for internal nickel-plating of large containers, such as in particular a tank of a tank rail car, is known. For this purpose, the container is converted in such a way that it can be used as an electrolysis container. Correspondingly, electrolyte is filled into the interior of the container to be coated, so that the inner walls are partially washed around by the electrolyte solution. A voltage is then applied to the container and it is set in rotation.

Dieses Verfahren weist jedoch im Bereich der vorgenannten Beschichtung von komplexen Bauteile Schwächen auf, so dass eine vollständige, den Qualitätsansprüchen an die jeweilige Verwendung entsprechende Beschichtung nicht erreicht werden kann.However, this method has weaknesses in the area of the aforementioned coating of complex components, so that a complete coating that meets the quality requirements for the respective use cannot be achieved.

Ferner ist aus dem Bereich der nicht-wässrigen Elektrolyse aus der US 4,049,507 A ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines zylindrischen Rohrstückes mit Titan oder einer Titanlegierung mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse bekannt. Hierbei kann das Rohrstück in Rotation und gegebenenfalls in Präzession versetzt werden.Furthermore, from the field of non-aqueous electrolysis from the U.S. 4,049,507 A a method for coating a cylindrical pipe section with titanium or a titanium alloy by means of fused-salt electrolysis is known. Here, the pipe section can be set in rotation and, if necessary, in precession.

Jedoch werden bei der Schmelzflusselektrolyse gegenüber der wässrigen Elektrolyse vergleichsweise hohe Temperaturen und Stromdichten benötigt, wodurch diese in nachteiliger Weise wesentlich mehr Energie verbraucht. Ihr Anwendungsbereich ist daher auf solche chemischen Elemente beschränkt, die nicht aus wässriger Lösung abgeschieden werden können.However, in contrast to aqueous electrolysis, melt-flow electrolysis requires comparatively high temperatures and current densities, which disadvantageously consumes significantly more energy. Their area of application is therefore limited to those chemical elements that cannot be deposited from aqueous solution.

US 2014/299478 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Beschichtung von Wafern, wobei das zu beschichtende Bauteil während der Elektrolyse in Rotation versetzt wird und die Richtung der Rotationsachse des zu beschichtenden Bauteils während der Rotation verändert wird. US 2014/299478 A1 discloses a method for the electrolytic coating of wafers, the component to be coated being set in rotation during the electrolysis and the direction of the axis of rotation of the component to be coated being changed during the rotation.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Beschichtung komplexer Bauteile bereitzustellen, welches die Beschichtungsqualität von aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten wässrigen elektrolytischen Beschichtungsverfahren verbessert.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for the electrolytic coating of complex components which improves the coating quality of aqueous electrolytic coating processes known from the prior art.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren vorgeschlagen, welches sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Rotationsachse des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/ oder des Elektrolysebades während der Rotation wenigstens zeitweise in Präzession versetzt wird, woraus sich eine Taumelbewegung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades ergibt.To solve the problem, a method mentioned at the beginning is proposed, which is characterized in that the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath is at least temporarily set in precession during the rotation, resulting in a tumbling movement of the component to be coated and / or the Electrolysis bath results.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Ansammlung von Wasserstoff an komplexen Strukturen durch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wirkungsvoll eliminiert werden kann. Dies führt vorteilhafterweise zu einer Verbesserung der Qualität der Beschichtung an komplexen Strukturen wie insbesondere Ausnehmungen, Erhebungen, Hinterdrehungen, Einschnürungen, Löcher, Nuten, Sicken, Kanten, Verbindungsstellen aus zwei oder mehr Unterbauteilen, Scharniere, Griffe, und ähnlichem. Erfindungsgemäß wird während der Elektrolyse eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten des Elektrolysebades erzeugt. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass es im Zuge dieser Relativbewegung zu einer Durchmischung des Elektrolysebades kommt, wodurch Konzentrationsunterschiede im Elektrolysebad ausgeglichen werden. Hierdurch wird die Konzentration von Metallionen an für die Abscheidung problematischen Strukturen des Bauteils erhöht. Darüber hinaus werden sich bildende Wasserstoffbläschen durch die erfindungsgemäße Relativbewegung abtransportiert. Eine lokale Blockade von zu beschichtenden Oberflächen durch eine Ansammlung von Gasbläschen wird damit in vorteilhafter Weise vorgebeugt und verhindert. Insgesamt lässt sich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Qualität der Beschichtung an komplexen Strukturen immens steigern.It has been shown that the accumulation of hydrogen on complex structures can be effectively eliminated by using the method according to the invention. This advantageously leads to an improvement in the quality of the coating on complex structures such as, in particular, recesses, elevations, undercuts, constrictions, holes, grooves, beads, edges, connecting points of two or more sub-components, hinges, handles and the like. According to the invention, a relative movement is generated between the component to be coated and the electrolyte of the electrolysis bath during the electrolysis. It has been found that in the course of this relative movement there is a thorough mixing of the electrolysis bath, as a result of which differences in concentration in the electrolysis bath are compensated for. This increases the concentration of metal ions on structures of the component that are problematic for the deposition. In addition, forming hydrogen bubbles are transported away by the relative movement according to the invention. A local blockage of surfaces to be coated by an accumulation of gas bubbles is thus prevented and prevented in an advantageous manner. Overall, the method according to the invention allows the quality of the coating on complex structures to be increased immensely.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Relativbewegung während der Elektrolyse zumindest zeitweise erzeugt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass selbst eine nur zeitweise erzeugte Relativbewegung die Effizienz und das Beschichtungsergebnis des Verfahrens verbessert. Vorzugsweise kann die Relativbewegung zur weiteren Verbesserung des Verfahrens über längere Zeit erzeugt werden. Es ist hierbei bevorzugt, die Relativbewegung intervallweise zu erzeugen. Die Dauer der Intervalle kann hierbei für einen Beschichtungsvorgang vorgegeben und unveränderlich sein. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Summe der Dauer der Intervalle dabei wenigstens die Hälfte der Elektrolysedauer. Alternativ oder in Kombination hierzu können Sensoren vorgesehen sein, die Konzentrationsunterschiede der Metallionen im Elektrolysebad detektieren. Bei Überschreiten eines vorgebbaren Grenzwertes wird dann in erfindungsgemäßer Weise eine Relativbewegung erzeugt. Als Sensoren können vorzugsweise auch pH-Sensoren eingesetzt werden, die den pH-Wert des Elektrolyten überwachen. Es ist hierdurch möglich, die Energie, die durch die Erzeugung der Relativbewegung aufgewendet werden muss zu senken und gleichzeitig den erfindungsgemäßen Abtransport des Elektrolyse-Wasserstoffs zu erreichen. Gemäß einem besonders bevorzugten Merkmal der Erfindung wird die Relativbewegung während der gesamten Dauer der Elektrolyse erzeugt und aufrechterhalten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass auf diesem Wege besonders hochqualitative Schichten erzeugt werden können.According to the invention, the relative movement is generated at least temporarily during the electrolysis. It has been shown that even a relative movement that is only generated temporarily The efficiency and the coating result of the process are improved. The relative movement can preferably be generated over a longer period of time in order to further improve the method. It is preferred here to generate the relative movement at intervals. The duration of the intervals can be predetermined and unchangeable for a coating process. The sum of the duration of the intervals is preferably at least half the duration of the electrolysis. Alternatively or in combination with this, sensors can be provided which detect differences in the concentration of the metal ions in the electrolysis bath. When a predeterminable limit value is exceeded, a relative movement is then generated in the manner according to the invention. PH sensors which monitor the pH value of the electrolyte can preferably also be used as sensors. This makes it possible to reduce the energy that has to be expended by generating the relative movement and at the same time to achieve the removal of the electrolysis hydrogen according to the invention. According to a particularly preferred feature of the invention, the relative movement is generated and maintained during the entire duration of the electrolysis. It has been shown that particularly high-quality layers can be produced in this way.

Erfindungsgemäß wird während der Elektrolyse eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten im Bauteil erzeugt. Die Relativbewegung wird dadurch erzeugt, dass das Bauteil und/oder Elektrolysebad zur Aufnahme des Elektrolyten relativ zueinander bewegt werden. Es kann hierfür vorgesehen sein, das Bauteil im Elektrolysebad verschieblich stehend oder hängend anzuordnen. Dies kann durch Schienen oder einer ähnlichen Führung realisiert werden. Das Bauteil wird in dieser Konfiguration relativ gegenüber dem unbewegten Elektrolysebad bewegt. Vorzugsweise kann das Elektrolysebad verschieblich angeordnet sein. Dies kann durch Schienen oder einer ähnlichen Führung realisiert werden. Hierbei wird das Elektrolysebad relativ gegenüber dem unbewegten Bauteil bewegt. Besonders bevorzugt sind sowohl das Bauteil als auch das Elektrolysebad verschieblich, vorzugsweise durch Schienen oder ähnliche Führungen, ausgebildet. In dieser Konfiguration werden Bauteil und Elektrolysebad relativ zu einander bewegt. Das Bauteil und/oder das Elektrolysebad können vorzugsweise linear bewegt werden. Eine solche Bewegung ist mit einfachen Mitteln zu erreichen und erfordert keine aufwändige Steuerung. Alternativ oder in Kombination mit einer linearen Bewegung sind auch andere Bewegungsarten denkbar. Insbesondere kreisförmige, elliptische, kurvige oder Kombinationen aus diesen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass insbesondere kreisförmig, taumelnde Bewegungen für den Abtransport von Wasserstoff von Vorteil sindAccording to the invention, a relative movement is generated between the component to be coated and the electrolyte in the component during the electrolysis. The relative movement is generated in that the component and / or the electrolysis bath are moved relative to one another for receiving the electrolyte. For this purpose, provision can be made for the component to be displaceably arranged in the electrolysis bath, either standing or hanging. This can be done using rails or a similar guide. In this configuration, the component is moved relative to the stationary electrolysis bath. The electrolysis bath can preferably be arranged to be displaceable. This can be done using rails or a similar guide. Here, the electrolysis bath is moved relative to the stationary component. Both the component and the electrolysis bath are particularly preferably designed to be displaceable, preferably by means of rails or similar guides. In this configuration, the component and the electrolytic bath are moved relative to one another. The component and / or the electrolysis bath can preferably be moved linearly. Such a movement can be achieved with simple means and does not require any complex control. Alternatively or in combination with a linear movement, other types of movement are also conceivable. In particular, circular, elliptical, or curvy Combinations of these. It has been shown that circular, tumbling movements in particular are advantageous for the removal of hydrogen

Erfindungsgemäß ist das Verfahren zur Beschichtung jedweder komplexen Bauteile geeignet. So ist es insbesondere bevorzugt, behälterartige Bauteile, mit vergleichsweise großen Oberflächen zu beschichten. Eine Besonderheit stellt hierbei die Innenbeschichtung solcher Behälter dar. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Behälter hierzu mit Elektrolyt befüllt. Er bildet dabei selbst das Elektrolysebad. Vorzugsweise wird der Behälter hierzu mit entsprechenden An- bzw. Umbauvorrichtungen für die Elektrolyse verwendbar gemacht. Zur Erzeugung der erfindungsgemäßen Relativbewegung zwischen Bauteil und Elektrolyt wird vorzugsweise der Behälter bewegt.According to the invention, the method is suitable for coating any complex components. It is particularly preferred to coat container-like components with comparatively large surfaces. A special feature here is the inner coating of such containers. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the container is filled with electrolyte for this purpose. He himself forms the electrolysis bath. For this purpose, the container is preferably made usable for electrolysis with appropriate attachments or conversion devices. To generate the relative movement according to the invention between the component and the electrolyte, the container is preferably moved.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Relativbewegung dadurch erzeugt, dass das zu beschichtende Bauteil und/oder das Elektrolysebad während der Elektrolyse wenigstens zeitweise, vorzugsweise für die gesamte Dauer der Elektrolyse, in Rotation versetzt wird. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine durch Rotation bewirkte Relativbewegung zwischen zu beschichtendem Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten hinsichtlich der Ansammlung einer unerwünschten Wasserstoffblase besonders wirksam ist. Vorzugsweise wird das zu beschichtende Bauteil in Rotation versetzt. Es kann hierzu auf einer drehbar gelagerten Vorrichtung angeordnet sein. Die Vorrichtung kann darüber hinaus eine Haltevorrichtung aufweisen, von welcher das Bauteil verrutschsicher gehalten wird. Insbesondere bei der Innenbeschichtung von Behältern hat sich eine solche Verfahrensführung bewährt. Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Relativbewegung dadurch erzeugt, dass das Elektrolysebad wenigstens zeitweise in Rotation versetzt wird. Es kann hierzu auf einer drehbar gelagerten Vorrichtung angeordnet sein. Die Vorrichtung kann darüber hinaus eine Haltevorrichtung aufweisen, von welcher das Elektrolysebad verrutschsicher gehalten wird. Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Relativbewegung dadurch erzeugt, dass das zu beschichtende Bauteil und das Elektrolysebad wenigstens zeitweise in Rotation versetzt werden. Vorzugsweise werden das Bauteil und das Elektrolysebad hierbei jeweils in eine Rotation mit einander gegenläufigen Rotationsrichtungen versetzt.According to the invention, the relative movement is generated in that the component to be coated and / or the electrolysis bath is set in rotation during the electrolysis at least temporarily, preferably for the entire duration of the electrolysis. It has been shown that a relative movement caused by rotation between the component to be coated and the electrolyte is particularly effective with regard to the accumulation of an undesired hydrogen bubble. The component to be coated is preferably set in rotation. For this purpose it can be arranged on a rotatably mounted device. The device can also have a holding device, by which the component is held in a non-slip manner. Such a procedure has proven particularly useful for the internal coating of containers. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the relative movement is generated in that the electrolysis bath is set in rotation at least temporarily. For this purpose it can be arranged on a rotatably mounted device. The device can also have a holding device, by which the electrolysis bath is held in a non-slip manner. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the relative movement is generated in that the component to be coated and the electrolysis bath are set in rotation at least temporarily. Preferably, the component and the electrolysis bath are each set in rotation with mutually opposite directions of rotation.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Richtung der Rotationsachse des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades während der Rotation wenigstens zeitweise verändert. Hieraus ergeben sich komplexeAccording to the invention, the direction of the axis of rotation of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath is changed at least temporarily during the rotation. This results in complex ones

Bewegungsmuster, die sich hinsichtlich einer homogenen Durchmischung des Elektrolyten und der damit einhergehenden Entfernung punktueller Ansammlung von Wasserstoff als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen haben. Die Rotationsachse des zu beschichtenden Bauteils wird während der Rotation wenigstens zeitweise, vorzugsweise für die gesamte Dauer der Rotation, in Präzession versetzt.Movement patterns that have proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to homogeneous mixing of the electrolyte and the associated removal of punctual accumulation of hydrogen. The axis of rotation of the component to be coated is set into precession at least temporarily during the rotation, preferably for the entire duration of the rotation.

Hieraus ergibt sich eine Taumelbewegung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades, was in der Konsequenz zu einer besonders vorteilhaften Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten führt, mit welcher die Ansammlung einer Wasserstoffblase an prädestinierter Stelle des Bauteiles verhindert wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Rotationsachse zu diesem Zweck mit einem Winkel zwischen 1 ° und 45 °, vorzugsweise 5 ° bis 20 ° und besonders bevorzugt 7 ° bis 10 °, ausgelenkt.This results in a tumbling movement of the component to be coated and / or of the electrolysis bath, which consequently leads to a particularly advantageous relative movement between the component to be coated and the electrolyte, with which the accumulation of a hydrogen bubble at a predestined location on the component is prevented. For this purpose, the axis of rotation is preferably deflected at an angle between 1 ° and 45 °, preferably 5 ° to 20 ° and particularly preferably 7 ° to 10 °.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Merkmal der Erfindung wird der Elektrolyt während der Elektrolyse wenigstens zeitweise umgewälzt. Hierdurch wird im Elektrolysebad eine Strömung erzeugt, welche zu einer Relativbewegung zwischen Elektrolyt und zu beschichtendem Bauteil führt. Die Umwälzung kann hierbei in Verbindung zu vorbeschriebener Bewegung des Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades vorgesehen werden. Bevorzugt ist hierbei insbesondere eine Kombination aus Taumelbewegung des Elektrolysebades und einer Umwälzung des Elektrolyten. Diese Kombination hat sich hinsichtlich der Verbesserung der Effizienz und der Qualität des Verfahrens als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Die Umwälzung wird vorzugsweise unter Zuhilfenahme von Düsen vorgenommen. Die Düsen sind vorzugsweise Teil der Anoden. Durch die Umwälzung des Elektrolyten unter Einsatz solcher Anodendüsen lässt sich eine vergleichsweise bauteilnahe Strömung des Elektrolyten erreichen, wodurch insbesondere der Abtransport von eventuell entstehenden Gasbläschen von der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche verbessert wird. Vorzugsweise wird mittels der Düse eine Elektrolytströmung erzeugt, welche der durch die Bewegung des Bauteils und/oder des Elektrolysebades erzeugten Relativbewegung des Elektrolyten entgegengerichtet ist.According to a preferred feature of the invention, the electrolyte is at least temporarily circulated during the electrolysis. As a result, a flow is generated in the electrolysis bath, which leads to a relative movement between the electrolyte and the component to be coated. The circulation can be provided in connection with the above-described movement of the component and / or the electrolysis bath. A combination of tumbling motion of the electrolysis bath and circulation of the electrolyte is particularly preferred here. This combination has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of improving the efficiency and quality of the process. The circulation is preferably carried out with the aid of nozzles. The nozzles are preferably part of the anodes. By circulating the electrolyte using such anode nozzles, it is possible to achieve a flow of the electrolyte that is comparatively close to the component, which in particular improves the removal of any gas bubbles that may arise from the surface to be coated. An electrolyte flow is preferably generated by means of the nozzle, which flow is opposite to the relative movement of the electrolyte generated by the movement of the component and / or the electrolysis bath.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Merkmal der Erfindung wird das Bauteil segmentweise beschichtet. Hierzu wird die Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Bauteils in Segmente unterteilt, denen räumlich jeweils ein gesonderter Gleichrichter und eine Anode zugeordnet wird. Vorzugsweise sind die Anoden der einzelnen Segmente dabei elektrisch von den Anoden der anderen Oberflächensegmente abgeschirmt. Hierdurch ist es vorteilhafterweise möglich, die Oberfläche von insbesondere großflächigen Bauteilen besonders homogen zu beschichten. Insbesondere können hiermit Schichten hergestellt werden, bei denen Differenzen in der Schichtstärke nahezu vollständig vermieden werden können. Dadurch können auch unterschiedliche Schichtstärken auf den einzelnen Segmenten erzielt werden. Dieser Effekt ist unter anderem auf eine nahezu störungsfreie Steuerung der Abscheidungsprozesse in den einzelnen abgeschirmten Segmenten zurückzuführen. Insbesondere kann eine unerwünschte Ausbildung von Störfeldern an den Rändern der Anode, welche zu einer schädlichen Heterogenität des elektrischen Feldes insgesamt führen vorteilhafterweise vermieden werden. Alternativ hierzu können in unterschiedlichen Segmenten auch gezielt unterschiedliche Schichtstärken eingesetzt werden.According to a preferred feature of the invention, the component is coated in segments. For this purpose, the surface of the component to be coated is divided into segments, each of which is spatially assigned a separate rectifier and an anode. The anodes of the individual segments are preferably electrically shielded from the anodes of the other surface segments. This advantageously makes it possible to make the surface of particularly large-area components particularly homogeneous coat. In particular, layers can be produced in this way in which differences in layer thickness can be almost completely avoided. This means that different layer thicknesses can be achieved on the individual segments. This effect is due, among other things, to an almost interference-free control of the deposition processes in the individual shielded segments. In particular, an undesired formation of interference fields at the edges of the anode, which lead to a harmful heterogeneity of the electrical field as a whole, can advantageously be avoided. Alternatively, different layer thicknesses can be used in different segments in a targeted manner.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lassen sich insbesondere metallische komplexe Bauteile, insbesondere solche aus Stahl oder Sphäroguss beschichten. Sphäroguss bezeichnet hierbei Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit. Es wird auch als duktiles Gusseisen bezeichnet und besitzt stahlähnliche mechanische Eigenschaften. Besonders vorteilhaft lassen sich komplexe Bauteile aus Sphärogüssen mit der Bezeichnung GJS-400-15 gemäß EN 1563 mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichten. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich prinzipiell alle Metalle und Legierungen abscheiden, die galvanisch abscheidbar sind. Bevorzugt können komplexe Bauteile im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens damit insbesondere vernickelt, verkupfert, verzinnt und verzinkt werden. Die Abscheidung von Legierungsschichten, wie insbesondere Bronzeschichten oder Zinn-Nickel-Schichten ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ebenfalls möglich und bevorzugt.The method according to the invention enables, in particular, complex metallic components, in particular those made of steel or nodular cast iron, to be coated. Nodular cast iron refers to cast iron with spheroidal graphite. It is also known as ductile cast iron and has mechanical properties similar to steel. Complex components made of nodular cast iron with the designation GJS-400-15 according to EN 1563 can be coated particularly advantageously using the method according to the invention. In principle, all metals and alloys that can be electrodeposited can be deposited by means of the method according to the invention. In the context of the method according to the invention, complex components can thus preferably be nickel-plated, copper-plated, tin-plated and galvanized. The deposition of alloy layers, such as in particular bronze layers or tin-nickel layers, is likewise possible and preferred with the method according to the invention.

Das Bauteil wird mit Nickel und/oder einer nickelhaltigen Legierung beschichtet. Bevorzugt wird Nickel hierbei aus einer wässrigen Nickelsulfamatlösung abgeschieden. Die Nickefsulfamatlösung enthält neben Nickelsulfamat und Wasser wenigstens noch Borsäure und Nickel(II)-bromid. Die Nickelsulfamatkonzentration wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 60 und 100 g/l, bevorzugt 80 g/l eingestellt. Die Borsäurekonzentration wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 20 und 50 g/l, bevorzugt 30 g/l eingestellt. Die Nickel(II)-bromid-Konzentration wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 60 und 100 g/l, bevorzugt 80 g/l eingestellt. Der pH-Wert des Elektrolyten wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 3 und 4, vorzugsweise 3,2 eingestellt. Die Elektrolyttemperatur wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 35 und 45 °C, vorzugsweise 40 °C eingestellt. Die Stromdichte wird vorzugsweise auf einen Wert zwischen 1 und 20 mA/cm2, bevorzugt 15 und 18 mA/cm2 eingestellt. Die bevorzugten Verfahrensparameter erbringen für sich genommen und in Kombination miteinander und in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtendem Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten den Vorteil, dass die Wasserstoffbildung gemindert und der Abtransport von Wasserstoffbläschen verbessert wird.The component is coated with nickel and / or an alloy containing nickel. In this case, nickel is preferably deposited from an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution. In addition to nickel sulfamate and water, the nickel sulfamate solution also contains at least boric acid and nickel (II) bromide. The nickel sulfamate concentration is preferably set to a value between 60 and 100 g / l, preferably 80 g / l. The boric acid concentration is preferably set to a value between 20 and 50 g / l, preferably 30 g / l. The nickel (II) bromide concentration is preferably set to a value between 60 and 100 g / l, preferably 80 g / l. The pH of the electrolyte is preferably adjusted to a value between 3 and 4, preferably 3.2. The electrolyte temperature is preferably set to a value between 35 and 45.degree. C., preferably 40.degree. The current density is preferably set to a value between 1 and 20 mA / cm 2 , preferably 15 and 18 mA / cm 2 . The preferred Process parameters, taken alone and in combination with one another and in connection with the relative movement according to the invention between the component to be coated and the electrolyte, have the advantage that the formation of hydrogen is reduced and the removal of hydrogen bubbles is improved.

Sämtliche erfindungsgemäßen und bevorzugten Merkmale führen für sich genommen und in Kombination miteinander in synergetischer Weise zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz und der Qualität gegenüber aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren.All of the features according to the invention and preferred features, taken individually and in combination with one another in a synergetic manner, lead to an increase in efficiency and quality compared to processes known from the prior art.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines für den Fachmann nicht beschränkend zu verstehenden Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Fig.1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in halbgeschnittener, schematischer Darstellung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment which is not to be understood as limiting for the person skilled in the art. It shows
Fig. 1
a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention in a half-sectioned, schematic representation.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Elektrolysebad 1 zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Nickel in Schnittdarstellung. Das Elektrolysebad 1 verfügt über Anoden 2. Die Anoden 2 weisen Anodendüsen 3 auf, mit deren Hilfe der im Elektrolysebad 1 befindliche Elektrolyt 4 während der Elektrolyse umgewälzt wird. Hierdurch lässt sich eine vergleichsweise bauteilnahe Strömung des Elektrolyten 4 bewirken, wodurch insbesondere der Abtransport von eventuell entstehenden Wasserstoffgasbläschen von der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche des Bauteils 5 verbessert wird. Fig. 1 shows an electrolysis bath 1 for the galvanic deposition of nickel in a sectional view. The electrolysis bath 1 has anodes 2. The anodes 2 have anode nozzles 3, with the aid of which the electrolyte 4 located in the electrolysis bath 1 is circulated during the electrolysis. In this way, a flow of the electrolyte 4 that is comparatively close to the component can be brought about, as a result of which, in particular, the removal of any hydrogen gas bubbles that may arise from the surface of the component 5 to be coated is improved.

Das Elektrolysebad 1 ist auf einer drehbar gelagerten Vorrichtung 6 angeordnet. Die Vorrichtung 6 verfügt an ihrer elektrolysebadentfernten Seite 7 über eine Ausnehmung in Form einer Kugelgelenkaufnahme (nicht gezeigt). Auf diesem Wege kann das Elektrolysebad 1 sowohl Rotationsbewegungen mit starrer Rotationsachse, als auch Rotationsbewegungen mit zeitlich veränderbarer Richtung der Rotationsachse vollziehen. Verfahrensseitig wird das Elektrolysebad 1 während der gesamten Dauer der Elektrolyse mittels der Vorrichtung 6 in Präzession um die Rotationsachse A versetzt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine, für das Verfahren besonders vorteilhafte Taumelbewegung des Elektrolysebades. Die Präzession ergibt sich aus vorliegend aus der Auslenkung der Rotationsachse A mit einem Auslenkungswinkel α von 15°.The electrolysis bath 1 is arranged on a rotatably mounted device 6. On its side 7 remote from the electrolysis bath, the device 6 has a recess in the form of a ball-and-socket joint receptacle (not shown). In this way, the electrolysis bath 1 can perform both rotational movements with a rigid axis of rotation and rotational movements with the direction of the axis of rotation that can be changed over time. In terms of the process, the electrolysis bath 1 is set in precession about the axis of rotation A by means of the device 6 for the entire duration of the electrolysis. This results in a tumbling movement of the electrolysis bath that is particularly advantageous for the method. In the present case, the precession results from the deflection of the axis of rotation A with a deflection angle α of 15 °.

Das zu beschichtende Bauteil 5 ist ein komplexes Bauteil im Sinne der Erfindung. Es verfügt über eine Mehrzahl von Unterbauteilen 8, 9, 10 und 11. Vorliegend bilden die Unterbauteile einen Behälter 8 mit einer Deckelhalterung 12. In einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren könnte eine ständige Zufuhr von Metallionen, wie sie zur Abscheidung einer homogenen Vernickelung insbesondere der Deckelhalterung notwendig wäre, nicht gewährleistet werden. Es würde sich dort vielmehr vergleichsweise viel Wasserstoff bilden, was sowohl hinsichtlich des Elektrolyt- und Stromverbrauchs, als auch hinsichtlich der Beschichtungsqualität nachteilig wäre. Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Nachteile durch die vorbeschriebene Taumelbewegung des Elektrolysebades, welche eine besonders vorteilhafte Relativbewegung zwischen Bauteil und Elektrolyt induziert, und der Umwälzung des Elektrolyten unter Einsatz der Anodendüsen vollumfänglich vermieden werden.The component 5 to be coated is a complex component within the meaning of the invention. It has a plurality of sub-components 8, 9, 10 and 11. In the present case, the sub-components form a container 8 with a lid holder 12. In a method known from the prior art, a constant supply of metal ions, as would be necessary for the deposition of a homogeneous nickel plating, in particular of the lid holder, could not be guaranteed. On the contrary, a comparatively large amount of hydrogen would be formed there, which would be disadvantageous in terms of both the electrolyte and power consumption and the coating quality. According to the invention, these disadvantages are completely avoided by the above-described tumbling movement of the electrolysis bath, which induces a particularly advantageous relative movement between component and electrolyte, and the circulation of the electrolyte using the anode nozzles.

Das Elektrolysebad 1 ist vorliegend mit einem Elektrolyten 4 zur Vernickelung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils 5 befüllt. Der Elektrolyt 4 ist vorliegend aus einer wässrigen Nickelsulfamatlösung gebildet. Die Lösung enthält hierbei Nickelsulfamat in einer Konzentration von 80 g/l, Borsäure in einer Konzentration von 30 g/l und Nickel(II)-bromid in einer Konzentration von 80 g/l. Verfahrensseitig wird der pH-Wert des Elektrolyten auf einen Wert von 3,2 eingestellt. Die Elektrolyttemperatur wird auf einen Wert von 40 °C eingestellt. Die Stromdichte wird auf einen Wert 18 mA/cm2 eingestellt. Diese Verfahrensparameter erbringen für sich genommen und in Kombination miteinander und in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtendem Bauteil und dem Elektrolyten den Vorteil, dass die Wasserstoffbildung gemindert und der Abtransport von Wasserstoffbläschen verbessert wird.In the present case, the electrolysis bath 1 is filled with an electrolyte 4 for nickel-plating the component 5 to be coated. In the present case, the electrolyte 4 is formed from an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution. The solution contains nickel sulfamate in a concentration of 80 g / l, boric acid in a concentration of 30 g / l and nickel (II) bromide in a concentration of 80 g / l. In terms of the process, the pH of the electrolyte is adjusted to a value of 3.2. The electrolyte temperature is set to a value of 40 ° C. The current density is set to a value of 18 mA / cm 2 . These process parameters, taken alone and in combination with one another and in connection with the relative movement according to the invention between the component to be coated and the electrolyte, have the advantage that the formation of hydrogen is reduced and the removal of hydrogen bubbles is improved.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
ElektrolysebadElectrolytic bath
22
Anodeanode
33
AnodendüsenAnode nozzles
44th
Elektrolytelectrolyte
55
komplexes Bauteilcomplex component
66th
Vorrichtungcontraption
77th
badentfernte Seite der Vorrichtung 6Side of the device remote from the bath 6
88th
Unterbauteil, BehälterSubstructure, container
99
UnterbauteilSub-component
1010
UnterbauteilSub-component
1111
UnterbauteilSub-component
1212th
DeckelhalterungLid holder
AA.
Rotationsachse des ElektrolysebadesThe axis of rotation of the electrolysis bath
αα
AuslenkungswinkelDeflection angle

Claims (4)

  1. A method for electrolytical coating of complex components, wherein the component is coated with a layer of nickel and/or a nickel alloy within the scope of an electrolyses by means of an aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein a relative movement between the component to be coated and the electrolyte is generated at least temporally during the electrolysis, wherein the component to be coated and/or an electrolytic bath for receiving the electrolyte is at least temporally set into rotation during the electrolysis, wherein the direction of the rotation axis of the component to be coated and/or the electrolytic bath is at least temporally changed during the rotation, characterized in that the rotation axis of the component to be coated and/or the electrolytic bath is at least temporally moved into precession during the rotation, wherefrom a tumbling motion of the component to be coated and/or the electrolytic bath results.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte is circulated by using anode nozzles.
  3. A method according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution is used as electrolyte.
  4. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the complex component to be coated is coated in a segmental manner, wherein each component segment is spatially associated to an anode, wherein the anode of the respective component segment is electrically shielded from the anodes of the other component segments.
EP15157447.2A 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Method for electrolytical coating of complex components Active EP3064615B1 (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140299478A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2014-10-09 Novellus Systems, Inc. Control of electrolyte hydrodynamics for efficient mass transfer during electroplating

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3649477A (en) * 1968-05-14 1972-03-14 Bart Mfg Co Electroplating large cylindrical tanks
JPS5745318B2 (en) * 1974-09-18 1982-09-27
DE3519906C1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-05-07 Hubert Altehülshorst GmbH, 4835 Rietberg Process and apparatus for electroplating a hollow body having variously oriented recesses or re-entrant angles, and application of the process
US4720330A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-01-19 The Dow Chemical Company Device and method for electroplating a workpiece having axial symmetry
US20020185065A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-12 Jason Ko Electrolyte-spraying casing for an electroplating apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140299478A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2014-10-09 Novellus Systems, Inc. Control of electrolyte hydrodynamics for efficient mass transfer during electroplating

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