EP3061871B1 - Gravity structure for a maritime civil-engineering construction and associated manufacturing method - Google Patents
Gravity structure for a maritime civil-engineering construction and associated manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3061871B1 EP3061871B1 EP16157161.7A EP16157161A EP3061871B1 EP 3061871 B1 EP3061871 B1 EP 3061871B1 EP 16157161 A EP16157161 A EP 16157161A EP 3061871 B1 EP3061871 B1 EP 3061871B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tie rod
- slab
- gravity structure
- anchoring
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
- E02B17/025—Reinforced concrete structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
- E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/0069—Gravity structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction and a related manufacturing method.
- a known gravity structure comprises a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a barrel directed in a main direction substantially orthogonal to the floor.
- the maritime civil engineering construction for which such a gravity structure is intended is for example a wind turbine at sea or a bridge.
- the shaft In the service position, that is to say when the gravity structure rests on the sea floor, the shaft is disposed substantially vertically and is surmounted by a mast itself equipped with a nacelle and pale when the maritime construction is a wind turbine, surmounted by a pile and an apron when the construction is a bridge.
- the raft provided in the form of a cylinder, must have a very large diameter, of the order of a few tens of meters, which implies that the area of marine soil to be prepared is itself very wide.
- ballast sand it is necessary to fill the drum with ballast to complete the installation of the gravity structure, which is all the more expensive as the material, for example ballast sand, must be routed from a port or a dredging area.
- the object of the invention is to at least partially overcome these disadvantages.
- the subject of the invention is a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction, comprising a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a barrel directed in a main direction that is substantially orthogonal to said raft, characterized in that the gravity structure comprises at least one anchor extending in said barrel and in the raft, the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position of the gravity structure, said at least one tie rod anchor is anchored in said ground
- the document FR2645827 discloses a gravity structure comprising the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the stability of the gravity structure is partly ensured by said at least one anchor.
- the dimensions of the gravity structure can be reduced, for example by 20 to 30%, compared with the state of the art, which results in a reduction in the quantities of concrete and concrete. steel necessary for the manufacture of the gravity structure, as well as a reduction in the size of the area of the sea floor to be prepared before installation of the gravity structure in the service position.
- the reduced dimensions of the gravity structure ensure that the forces exerted on the gravity structure by the swell are weaker.
- Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the anchor or tie rods pre-force vertically the barrel of the gravity structure, which, on the one hand, improves the stability of the gravitational structure and, on the other hand, on the other hand, possibly reduces the number of other prestressing devices to be provided for the drum.
- An additional advantage is that, due to the reduced size and weight of the gravity structure according to the invention, a water filling of the barrel is sufficient to ensure the stability of the gravity structure on the sea floor.
- the method of manufacturing the gravity structure according to the invention overcomes the transport and filling of the ballast material which is necessary for the gravity structure according to the state of the art, as already mentioned.
- anchor rods are simple to implement. It is for example possible to check and adjust if necessary the residual tension of each pulling by a known weighing technique (or "lift-off test").
- the barrel comprises an end opposite to the slab, and said at least one anchor extends from the end opposite the slab into the barrel.
- the gravity structure comprises at least one guide tube of said at least one anchor extending from the end opposite the base to the floor.
- the barrel is hollow and comprises a column and a conical base.
- each guide tube being disposed in a longitudinal wall of the mast and in the open air in the conical base.
- the gravity structure comprises a removable platform.
- the gravity structure comprises at least two tie rods.
- the subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction, from a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a shaft directed in a main direction. substantially orthogonal to said slab, the manufacturing method comprising a step of placing at least one anchor so that said at least one tie rod extends into the barrel and the slab, the gravity structure being configured to in a service position the anchor is anchored in the sea floor.
- the step of placing said at least one anchor is preceded by a step of placing at least one guide tube of said at least one anchor s extending from one end of the barrel opposite to the slab, to the slab.
- the method comprises a step prior to the steps of setting the tie rod, comprising a step of installing the gravity structure on a sea floor, the shaft being erected in a vertical position.
- the method comprises a step of filling in water with an immersed inner part of the gravitational structure.
- the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of installing the removable platform at one end of the barrel opposite the floor.
- the method comprises a step of drilling by a drilling tool disposed in said at least one guide tube, during which the drilling tool digs a hole in the sea floor, then the pulling is introduced into the guide tube and into the drilled hole.
- the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of sealing said at least one anchor during which the borehole is subjected to an injection of grout.
- the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of tensioning said at least one anchor made at an upper anchorage.
- a gravity structure 1 intended for a maritime civil engineering construction, comprises a raft 2 configured to be laid on a seabed S and integral with a barrel 3 directed in a main direction substantially orthogonal to the raft 2.
- the gravity structure 1 is illustrated in a position corresponding to a construction phase before installation of the wind turbine in which the gravity structure rests on the sea floor S which was possibly prepared for the installation of the gravity structure 1 by preliminary operations known to those skilled in the art.
- the raft 2 is in contact with the ground S while the barrel 3 is erected vertically.
- the barrel 3 comprises a column 4 forming the upper part of the barrel 3 and a base 5 forming the lower part of the barrel 3.
- the base 5 has a generally conical shape which flares from the mast 4 to the raft 2.
- the base 5 is completely submerged while the column 4 is partially submerged.
- the raft 2 comprises an inner portion 6 at the base 5 extended by an outer portion 7.
- the raft 2 has a generally circular shape of substantially constant thickness under the base 5 and may have a slope or radial slope (a bevel) on its outer portion 7.
- the gravitational structure 1 is advantageously provided temporarily, as will be explained below, a removable platform 8 disposed at an upper end 9 of the column 4.
- the raft 2 constitutes the lower end of the gravity structure 1 while the platform 8 is disposed at an upper end 9 of the gravity structure 1.
- the gravity structure 1 comprises at least one anchor 10 extending in the shaft 3 and in the raft 2.
- the invention is not limited to this number, and it is of course conceivable to provide the structure 1 with a single anchor or, on the contrary, to provide the structure 1 with a plurality of tie rods distributed over the circumference of the column.
- the gravity structure 1 is configured so that each anchor 10 is anchored in the sea floor S.
- tie rods 10 extend from the platform 8 into the barrel 3 and the raft 2.
- one 11 of the ends 11, 12 anchors 10, otherwise called upper and lower anchors, is disposed in the upper end 9.
- each tie rod 10 is placed in close proximity to the upper face of the barrel 3.
- the other end 12 is disposed in the marine soil S.
- Each anchor 10 is stretched between its ends 11, 12, which ensures a vertical prestressing of the barrel 3.
- the gravity structure 1 comprises two guide tubes 13, each of the tubes 13 being associated with one of the tie rods 10.
- each tie rod 10 extends in a guide tube 13 from the upper end 9 to the raft 2.
- each guide tube 13 protects the anchor 10 associated.
- each guide tube 13 is arranged in a longitudinal wall 14 of the column 4 and in the open air in the conical base 5.
- the guide tubes make it possible to guide the threading of the anchor rods 10 as well as the displacement of a drill, as will be explained hereinafter.
- an element of fastening 15 comprising an anchoring piece 16, for example of trumpet type, and a cover 17 covering an anchor block (not shown).
- the gravity structure 1 also comprises a specific connection device disposed in a surface 18 of the raft 15 which interfaces with the seabed S.
- the gravitational structure 1 is illustrated in an application to a wind turbine at sea at the figure 2 and in an application to a bridge at the figure 3 .
- the platform 8 was removed before anchoring a mast 20 carrying a nacelle 21 and pale 22 at the head of the column 4.
- the figure 5 illustrates at reference 19 elements for securing the mast 20 to the gravity structure 1.
- a method of manufacturing the gravity structure 1 comprises a step of installing the substructure comprising the shaft 3 and the raft 2, but not the anchors 10.
- the raft 2 is placed on the sea floor S prepared beforehand while the barrel 3 is erected substantially vertically.
- a water filling of the barrel 3, concomitant with the laying of the substructure allows the substructure to immerse gradually to the contact of the raft 2 with the seabed S.
- the manufacturing method comprises a step of installing the platform 8 at the upper end 8 of the drum 3. This step is preferably performed by a crane ship.
- each guide tube is placed in the barrel 3 during the construction of the substructure 1, before transport to the installation site.
- the manufacturing method then comprises a step of placing each anchor 10 in the associated guide tube 13.
- the method comprises a step of drilling by a drilling tool brought into contact with the sea floor S after having moved in each guide tube 13.
- the drilling tool digs a hole T in the marine soil S.
- the drilling tool is extracted from the guide tube13; the anchor 10 is then introduced into the associated guide tube 13 and then into the drilled hole T.
- the drilling step comprises a preliminary step of drilling a pre-hole facilitated by the specific connection device provided at the interface of the slab and the sea floor, according to a method known to those skilled in the art.
- the method comprises a step of sealing each anchor 10 in the associated borehole T by grouting around the anchor 10 in the borehole T.
- the manufacturing method also comprises a tensioning step performed at the upper anchor 11, on the platform 8, advantageously by a cylinder of great stroke, because of the large free length, of each tie rod 10.
- the platform 8 After installation and tensioning of the tie rods 10, the platform 8 is demobilized, possibly to another gravity structure, as visible in FIG. figure 4e .
- the invention provides a preload which can be associated in parallel with prestressing cables equipping the structure 1 and known to those skilled in the art, while at the same time allowing a reduction in the dimensions and weight of the gravitational structure.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
L'invention a pour objet une structure gravitaire destinée à une construction maritime de génie civil et un procédé de fabrication associé.The subject of the invention is a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction and a related manufacturing method.
Une structure gravitaire connue comprend un radier configuré pour être posé sur un sol marin et solidaire d'un fût dirigé dans une direction principale sensiblement orthogonale au radier.A known gravity structure comprises a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a barrel directed in a main direction substantially orthogonal to the floor.
La construction maritime de génie civil à laquelle est destinée une telle structure gravitaire est par exemple une éolienne en mer ou encore un pont.The maritime civil engineering construction for which such a gravity structure is intended is for example a wind turbine at sea or a bridge.
En position de service, c'est-à -dire quand la structure gravitaire repose sur le sol marin, le fût est disposé sensiblement verticalement et est surmonté d'un mât lui-même muni d'une nacelle et de pâles quand la construction maritime est une éolienne, surmonté d'une pile et d'un tablier quand la construction est un pont.In the service position, that is to say when the gravity structure rests on the sea floor, the shaft is disposed substantially vertically and is surmounted by a mast itself equipped with a nacelle and pale when the maritime construction is a wind turbine, surmounted by a pile and an apron when the construction is a bridge.
Etant donné les contraintes mécaniques, en particulier dues aux vents et à la houle, s'exerçant sur la structure gravitaire, ainsi que ses dimensions, il est primordial d'assurer la stabilité de la structure gravitaire en position de de service.Given the mechanical constraints, particularly due to the winds and the swell, acting on the gravity structure, as well as its dimensions, it is essential to ensure the stability of the gravity structure in the service position.
Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de préparer le sol marin avant l'installation de la structure gravitaire par un dragage préliminaire, suivi d'une pose d'une couche de nivellement et d'une éventuelle couche de protection anti-affouillement.To do this, it is necessary to prepare the seabed before the installation of the gravity structure by preliminary dredging, followed by a layer of leveling and a possible layer of scour protection.
Or le radier, prévu en forme de cylindre, doit présenter un diamètre très large, de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de mètres, ce qui implique que la zone de sol marin à préparer est elle-même très large.But the raft, provided in the form of a cylinder, must have a very large diameter, of the order of a few tens of meters, which implies that the area of marine soil to be prepared is itself very wide.
Du fait des grandes dimensions de la structure, et en particulier des dimensions du radier, il est également nécessaire de prévoir de grandes quantités de béton et d'acier, matériaux dont est généralement constituée la structure gravitaire.Due to the large dimensions of the structure, and in particular the dimensions of the slab, it is also necessary to provide large quantities of concrete and steel, materials which generally constitute the gravitational structure.
Il résulte aussi des grandes dimensions de la structure gravitaire que le procédé d'installation en mer, dans la position de service, de la structure gravitaire est long et complexe à mettre en oeuvre.It also results from the large dimensions of the gravity structure that the process of installation at sea in the service position of the gravity structure is long and complex to implement.
De plus, il est nécessaire de remplir le fût avec du ballast pour parfaire l'installation de la structure gravitaire, opération qui s'avère d'autant plus coûteuse que le matériau, par exemple du sable de ballast, doit être acheminé depuis un port ou une zone de dragage.In addition, it is necessary to fill the drum with ballast to complete the installation of the gravity structure, which is all the more expensive as the material, for example ballast sand, must be routed from a port or a dredging area.
Le but de l'invention est de remédier au moins partiellement à ces inconvénients.The object of the invention is to at least partially overcome these disadvantages.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure gravitaire destinée à une construction maritime de génie civil, comprenant un radier configuré pour être posé sur un sol marin et solidaire d'un fût dirigé dans une direction principale sensiblement orthogonale audit radier, caractérisé en ce que la structure gravitaire comprend au moins un tirant d'ancrage s'étendant dans ledit fût et dans le radier, la structure gravitaire étant configurée pour que, dans une position de service de la structure gravitaire, ledit au moins un tirant d'ancrage soit ancré dans ledit solFor this purpose, the subject of the invention is a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction, comprising a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a barrel directed in a main direction that is substantially orthogonal to said raft, characterized in that the gravity structure comprises at least one anchor extending in said barrel and in the raft, the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position of the gravity structure, said at least one tie rod anchor is anchored in said ground
Le document
Grâce à la structure gravitaire selon l'invention, la stabilité de la structure gravitaire est en partie assurée par ledit au moins un tirant d'ancrage.Thanks to the gravity structure according to the invention, the stability of the gravity structure is partly ensured by said at least one anchor.
Ainsi, les dimensions de la structure gravitaire, et en particulier le diamètre du radier, peuvent être réduites, par exemple de 20 à 30 %, comparativement à l'état de la technique, ce dont il résulte une diminution des quantités de béton et d'acier nécessaires pour la fabrication de la structure gravitaire, de même qu'une diminution de la dimension de la zone du sol marin à préparer avant installation de la structure gravitaire en position de service .Thus, the dimensions of the gravity structure, and in particular the diameter of the slab, can be reduced, for example by 20 to 30%, compared with the state of the art, which results in a reduction in the quantities of concrete and concrete. steel necessary for the manufacture of the gravity structure, as well as a reduction in the size of the area of the sea floor to be prepared before installation of the gravity structure in the service position.
Il en résulte également que la structure gravitaire est moins lourde que dans l'état de l'art, et peut donc être plus facilement transportée puis installée, par exemple à l'aide d'un navire de transport gros porteur (« heavy-lift vessel »), ce qui n'est pas possible pour une structure plus lourde de l'art antérieur sans qu'il soit nécessaire de mobiliser un navire de capacité exceptionnelle.It also results that the gravitational structure is less heavy than in the state of the art, and can therefore be more easily transported and then installed, for example using a heavy-lift vessel, which is not possible for a heavier structure of the prior art without the need to mobilize a vessel of exceptional capacity.
De plus, les dimensions réduites de la structure gravitaire garantissent que les efforts exercés sur la structure gravitaire par la houle soient plus faibles.In addition, the reduced dimensions of the gravity structure ensure that the forces exerted on the gravity structure by the swell are weaker.
Un autre avantage de l'invention réside dans le fait que le ou les tirants d'ancrage pré-contraignent verticalement le fût de la structure gravitaire, ce qui, d'une part, améliore la stabilité de la structure gravitaire et, d'autre part, réduit éventuellement le nombre d'autres dispositifs de précontrainte à prévoir pour le fût.Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the anchor or tie rods pre-force vertically the barrel of the gravity structure, which, on the one hand, improves the stability of the gravitational structure and, on the other hand, on the other hand, possibly reduces the number of other prestressing devices to be provided for the drum.
Un avantage supplémentaire est que, du fait des dimensions et du poids réduits de la structure gravitaire selon l'invention, un remplissage en eau du fût suffit pour assurer la stabilité de la structure gravitaire sur le sol marin. Ainsi, le procédé de fabrication de la structure gravitaire selon l'invention s'affranchit du transport et du remplissage du matériau de ballast qui est nécessaire à la structure gravitaire selon l'état de l'art, comme déjà mentionné.An additional advantage is that, due to the reduced size and weight of the gravity structure according to the invention, a water filling of the barrel is sufficient to ensure the stability of the gravity structure on the sea floor. Thus, the method of manufacturing the gravity structure according to the invention overcomes the transport and filling of the ballast material which is necessary for the gravity structure according to the state of the art, as already mentioned.
Par ailleurs, la maintenance et le contrôle du ou des tirants d'ancrage sont simples à mettre en oeuvre. II est par exemple possible de vérifier et d'ajuster si nécessaire la tension résiduelle de chaque tirant par une technique connue de pesage (ou « lift-off test »).Moreover, the maintenance and control of anchor rods are simple to implement. It is for example possible to check and adjust if necessary the residual tension of each pulling by a known weighing technique (or "lift-off test").
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le fût comprend une extrémité opposée au radier, et ledit au moins un tirant d'ancrage s'étend depuis l'extrémité opposée au radier dans le fût.According to another characteristic of the invention, the barrel comprises an end opposite to the slab, and said at least one anchor extends from the end opposite the slab into the barrel.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la structure gravitaire comprend au moins un tube de guidage dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage s'étendant depuis l'extrémité opposée au radier jusque dans le radier.According to another characteristic of the invention, the gravity structure comprises at least one guide tube of said at least one anchor extending from the end opposite the base to the floor.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le fût est creux et comprend une colonne et une base conique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the barrel is hollow and comprises a column and a conical base.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, chaque tube de guidage étant disposé dans une paroi longitudinale du mât et à l'air libre dans la base conique.According to another characteristic of the invention, each guide tube being disposed in a longitudinal wall of the mast and in the open air in the conical base.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la structure gravitaire comprend une plateforme amovible.According to another characteristic of the invention, the gravity structure comprises a removable platform.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la structure gravitaire comprend au moins deux tirants d'ancrage.According to another characteristic of the invention, the gravity structure comprises at least two tie rods.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une structure gravitaire destinée à une construction maritime de génie civil, à partir d'un radier configuré pour être posé sur un sol marin et solidaire d'un fût dirigé dans une direction principale sensiblement orthogonale audit radier, le procédé de fabrication comprenant une étape de mise en place d'au moins un tirant d'ancrage de sorte que ledit au moins un tirant s'étende dans le fût et dans le radier, la structure gravitaire étant configurée pour que dans une position de service le tirant d'ancrage soit ancré dans le sol marin.The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a gravity structure intended for a maritime civil engineering construction, from a raft configured to be laid on a sea floor and secured to a shaft directed in a main direction. substantially orthogonal to said slab, the manufacturing method comprising a step of placing at least one anchor so that said at least one tie rod extends into the barrel and the slab, the gravity structure being configured to in a service position the anchor is anchored in the sea floor.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'étape de mise en place dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage est précédée par une étape de mise en place d'au moins un tube de guidage dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage s'étendant depuis une extrémité du fût opposée au radier, jusqu'au radier.According to another characteristic of the invention, the step of placing said at least one anchor is preceded by a step of placing at least one guide tube of said at least one anchor s extending from one end of the barrel opposite to the slab, to the slab.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape préalable aux étapes de mise en place de tirant, comprenant une étape d'installation de la structure gravitaire sur un sol marin, le fût étant érigé dans une position verticale.According to another characteristic of the invention, the method comprises a step prior to the steps of setting the tie rod, comprising a step of installing the gravity structure on a sea floor, the shaft being erected in a vertical position.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de remplissage en eau d'une partie intérieure immergée de la structure gravitaire.According to another characteristic of the invention, the method comprises a step of filling in water with an immersed inner part of the gravitational structure.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'étape de mise en place dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage comprend une étape d'installation de la plateforme amovible à une extrémité du fût opposé au radier.According to another characteristic of the invention, the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of installing the removable platform at one end of the barrel opposite the floor.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de forage par un outil de forage disposé dans ledit au moins un tube de guidage, au cours de laquelle l'outil de forage creuse un trou dans le sol marin, puis le tirant est introduit dans le tube de guidage et dans le trou foré.According to another characteristic of the invention, the method comprises a step of drilling by a drilling tool disposed in said at least one guide tube, during which the drilling tool digs a hole in the sea floor, then the pulling is introduced into the guide tube and into the drilled hole.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'étape de mise en place dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage comprend une étape de scellement dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage au cours de laquelle le trou de forage est l'objet d'une injection de coulis.According to another characteristic of the invention, the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of sealing said at least one anchor during which the borehole is subjected to an injection of grout.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'étape de mise en place dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage comprend une étape de mise en tension dudit au moins un tirant d'ancrage effectuée à un ancrage supérieur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the step of placing said at least one anchor comprises a step of tensioning said at least one anchor made at an upper anchorage.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui va suivre. Celle-ci est purement illustrative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 illustre une structure gravitaire selon la présente invention ; - la
figure 2 illustre la structure gravitaire de lafigure 1 dans une application à une éolienne en mer ; - la
figure 3 illustre la structure gravitaire de lafigure 1 dans une application à un pont à hauban ; - les
figures 4a à 4e illustrent un procédé de fabrication de la structure gravitaire de lafigure 1 ; et - la
figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'un détail de lafigure 1 .
- the
figure 1 illustrates a gravity structure according to the present invention; - the
figure 2 illustrates the gravitational structure of thefigure 1 in an application to a wind turbine at sea; - the
figure 3 illustrates the gravitational structure of thefigure 1 in an application to a cable stayed bridge; - the
Figures 4a to 4e illustrate a method of manufacturing the gravitational structure of thefigure 1 ; and - the
figure 5 is a sectional view of a detail of thefigure 1 .
Comme visible à la
Sur la
Une fois installé, le radier 2 est en contact avec le sol S tandis que le fût 3 est érigé verticalement.Once installed, the
Comme visible sur la
La colonne 4 présente une forme générale tubulaire.
La base 5 présente une forme générale conique qui s'évase depuis le mât 4 jusqu'au radier 2.The
La colonne 4 et la base 5 sont creuses.
Comme visible sur la
Le radier 2 comprend une partie 6 interne à la base 5 prolongée d'une partie externe 7.The
Le radier 2 présente une forme générale circulaire d'épaisseur sensiblement constante sous la base 5 et pouvant présenter une pente ou un dévers radial (un biseau) sur sa partie externe 7.The
La structure gravitaire 1 est avantageusement munie de façon temporaire, comme il va être expliqué ci-après, d'une plateforme amovible 8 disposée à une extrémité supérieure 9 de la colonne 4.The
En d'autres termes, le radier 2 constitue l'extrémité inférieure de la structure gravitaire 1 tandis que la plateforme 8 est disposée à une extrémité supérieure 9 de la structure gravitaire 1.In other words, the
La structure gravitaire 1 comprend au moins un tirant d'ancrage 10 s'étendant dans le fût 3 et dans le radier 2.The
Sur les figures, deux tirants d'ancrage 10 sont représentés.In the figures, two
Néanmoins, l'invention ne se limite pas à ce nombre, et il est bien entendu envisageable de munir la structure 1 d'un unique tirant d'ancrage ou au contraire de munir la structure 1 d'une pluralité de tirants répartis sur la circonférence de la colonne.Nevertheless, the invention is not limited to this number, and it is of course conceivable to provide the
La structure gravitaire 1 est configurée pour que chacun des tirants d'ancrage 10 soit ancré dans le sol marin S.The
Comme visible sur la
En d'autres termes, l'une 11 des extrémités 11, 12 des tirants d'ancrage 10, autrement appelées ancrages supérieur et inférieur, est disposée dans l'extrémité supérieure 9.In other words, one 11 of the
Comme visible sur la
L'autre extrémité 12 est disposée dans le sol marin S.The
Chaque tirant d'ancrage 10 est tendu entre ses extrémités 11, 12, ce qui assure une précontrainte verticale du fût 3.Each
Comme visible sur la
En d'autres termes, chaque tirant 10 s'étend dans un tube de guidage 13 depuis l'extrémité supérieure 9 jusque dans le radier 2.In other words, each
Avantageusement, chaque tube de guidage 13 protège le tirant d'ancrage 10 associé.Advantageously, each
Comme illustré sur les
Les tubes de guidage permettent de guider l'enfilage des tirants d'ancrage 10 ainsi que le déplacement d'une foreuse, comme il va être expliqué ci-après.The guide tubes make it possible to guide the threading of the
Comme plus particulièrement visible à la
La structure gravitaire 1 est illustrée dans une application à une éolienne en mer à la
Dans l'application de la
La
Dans l'application de la
Comme visible sur la
Au cours de cette étape, le radier 2 est posé sur le sol marin S préparé préalablement tandis que le fût 3 est érigé sensiblement verticalement.During this step, the
Un remplissage en eau du fût 3, concomitant à la pose de la sous-structure permet à la sous-structure de s'immerger progressivement jusqu'au contact du radier 2 avec le sol marin S.A water filling of the
Puis, comme illustrée aux
Une fois la plateforme 8 en place, on y apporte tout équipement E nécessaire à l'installation des tirants.Once the
Avantageusement, dans une étape préalable non illustrée, c'est-à -dire avant l'étape d'installation du radier 2 sur le sol marin S, chaque tube de guidage est mis en place dans le fût 3 lors de la construction de la sous-structure 1, avant son transport sur site de pose.Advantageously, in a previous step not illustrated, that is to say before the step of installation of the
Comme visible sur la
Pour ce faire, le procédé comprend une étape de forage par un outil de forage amené au contact du sol marin S après s'être déplacé dans chaque tube de guidage 13.To do this, the method comprises a step of drilling by a drilling tool brought into contact with the sea floor S after having moved in each
Au cours de cette étape, l'outil de forage creuse un trou T dans le sol marin S.During this step, the drilling tool digs a hole T in the marine soil S.
Ensuite, l'outil de forage est extrait du tube de guidage13 ; le tirant d'ancrage 10 est alors introduit dans le tube de guidage associé 13 puis dans le trou foré T.Then, the drilling tool is extracted from the guide tube13; the
De préférence, l'étape de forage comprend une étape préliminaire de forage d'un avant trou facilitée par le dispositif de connexion spécifique ménagé à l'interface du radier et du sol marin, selon une méthode connue de l'homme du métier.Preferably, the drilling step comprises a preliminary step of drilling a pre-hole facilitated by the specific connection device provided at the interface of the slab and the sea floor, according to a method known to those skilled in the art.
Ensuite, le procédé comprend une étape de scellement de chaque tirant d'ancrage 10 dans le trou de forage T associé par injection de coulis autour du tirant d'ancrage 10 dans le trou de forage T.Then, the method comprises a step of sealing each
Le procédé de fabrication comprend également une étape de mise en tension effectuée à l'ancrage supérieur 11, sur la plateforme 8, avantageusement par un vérin de grande course, du fait de la longueur libre importante, de chaque tirant d'ancrage 10.The manufacturing method also comprises a tensioning step performed at the
Après installation et mise en tension des tirants d'ancrage 10, la plateforme 8 est démobilisée, éventuellement vers une autre structure gravitaire, comme visible à la
Comme déjà mentionné, l'invention assure une précontrainte qui peut être associée en parallèle à des câbles de précontrainte équipant la structure 1 et connus de l'homme du métier, en même temps qu'elle permet une réduction des dimensions et du poids de la structure gravitaire.As already mentioned, the invention provides a preload which can be associated in parallel with prestressing cables equipping the
Claims (14)
- Gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, comprising a slab (2) configured so as to be placed on a sea bed (S) and secured to a shaft (3) directed in a principal direction substantially orthogonal to said slab (2), characterised in that the gravity structure (1) comprises at least one anchoring tie rod (10) extending in said shaft (3) and in the slab (2), the gravity structure (1) being configured so that, in a service position of the gravity structure, said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) is anchored in the sea bed (S).
- Gravity structure according to claim 1, in which the shaft (3) comprises an end (9) opposite to the slab (2), and in which said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) extends from the end (9) opposite to the slab in the shaft (3).
- Gravity structure according to claim 2, the gravity structure comprising at least one tube (13) for guiding said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) extending from the end (9) opposite to the slab (2) into the slab (2).
- Gravity structure according to the preceding claim, in which the shaft (3) is hollow and comprises a column (4) and a conical base (5), each guide tube (13) being disposed in a longitudinal wall of the column (4) and in open air in the conical base (5).
- Gravity structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a removable platform (8).
- Gravity structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a plurality of anchoring tie rods (10).
- Method for manufacturing a gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, using a slab (2) configured so as to be placed on a sea bed and secured to a shaft (3) directed in a principal direction orthogonal to said slab (2), the manufacturing method comprising a step of placing at least one anchoring tie rod (10) so that said at least one tie rod extends in the shaft (3) and in the slab (2), the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position, the anchoring tie rod (10) is anchored in the sea bed.
- Manufacturing method according to claim 7, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) is preceded by a step of placing at least one tube (13) for guiding said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) extending from an end (9) of the shaft (3) opposite to the slab (2), as far as the slab (2).
- Manufacturing method according to one of claims 7 or 8, comprising a step prior to the steps of placing the tie rod, comprising a step of installing the slab (2) on a sea bed, the shaft (3) being erected in a vertical position.
- Manufacturing method according to one of claims 7 to 9, comprising a step of filling with water an immersed internal part of the gravity structure.
- Manufacturing method according to one of claims 8 to 10, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod (10) comprises a step of installing a removable platform (8) at an end (9) of the shaft (3) opposite to the slab (2).
- Manufacturing method according to one of claims 8 to 11, comprising a step of drilling with a drilling tool disposed in said at least one guide tube, during which the drilling tool hollows out a hole in the sea bed, and then the tie rod is introduced into the guide tube and into the drilled hole.
- Manufacturing method according to claim 12, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod comprises a step of anchoring said at least one anchoring tie rod during which the drilling hole is the subject of an injection of grout.
- Manufacturing method according to one of claims 11 to 13, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod comprises a step of tensioning said at least one anchoring tie rod performed at a top anchoring (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1551689A FR3033174B1 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2015-02-27 | GRAVITY STRUCTURE FOR A CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3061871A1 EP3061871A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP3061871B1 true EP3061871B1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
Family
ID=54007777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16157161.7A Not-in-force EP3061871B1 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2016-02-24 | Gravity structure for a maritime civil-engineering construction and associated manufacturing method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10011968B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3061871B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3033174B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2604909A (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-21 | Subsea 7 Ltd | Subsea foundations |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3488967A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1970-01-13 | Mobil Oil Corp | Combination deep water storage tank and drilling and production platform |
GB1383819A (en) * | 1971-03-16 | 1974-02-12 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Offshore platform structure |
US4696601A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1987-09-29 | Exxon Production Research Company | Articulated compliant offshore structure |
US4968180A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1990-11-06 | Doris Engineering | Oscillating marine platform connected via a shear device to a rigid base |
IT1230186B (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-10-18 | Snam Progetti | Marine oil prodn. platform or modular construction |
WO2011093718A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-04 | Odfjell Drilling Technology Ltd. | Platform for controlled containment of hydrocarbons |
-
2015
- 2015-02-27 FR FR1551689A patent/FR3033174B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-24 EP EP16157161.7A patent/EP3061871B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2016-02-26 US US15/054,867 patent/US10011968B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160251815A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US10011968B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
FR3033174A1 (en) | 2016-09-02 |
EP3061871A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
FR3033174B1 (en) | 2017-03-10 |
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