EP3061565B1 - Adjusting device for a grinding machine - Google Patents
Adjusting device for a grinding machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3061565B1 EP3061565B1 EP15156368.1A EP15156368A EP3061565B1 EP 3061565 B1 EP3061565 B1 EP 3061565B1 EP 15156368 A EP15156368 A EP 15156368A EP 3061565 B1 EP3061565 B1 EP 3061565B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- workpiece
- offset
- adjusting device
- loading plate
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
- B24B7/167—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings end faces coil springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
- B24B7/17—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings for simultaneously grinding opposite and parallel end faces, e.g. double disc grinders
Definitions
- the invention relates to an adjusting device for a grinding machine according to claim 1, a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, having such an adjusting device according to claim 17 and a method for adjusting a grinding machine according to claim 18.
- Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
- Grinding machines are used in many manufacturing processes in industry, where surfaces of workpieces are machined. Usually, surfaces of predominantly metallic machine elements are to be produced with certain accuracy requirements. A good utilization of the grinding machine and short processing cycles are particularly important for machine elements that are manufactured in large numbers.
- Grinding machines often include loading devices into which the workpieces to be ground are inserted or clamped in order to then be positioned with the loading device relative to a grinding wheel for grinding. Grinding machines can also be equipped with two loading devices, with two opposing loading plates being rotatably mounted on a turntable which can move the loading plates back and forth between a loading position and a grinding position by rotation. This construction principle is often used in spring end grinding machines in order to clamp the springs in a loading plate to grind the grinding wheels while the other loading plate can be loaded or unloaded at the same time.
- Spring end grinding machines are used to grind the ends of helical springs wound or coiled from wire plane-parallel. When installed, the machined springs can be loaded axially on defined contact surfaces on the spring ends.
- helical compression springs can be ground using the infeed process or the continuous process. In the delivery process, the loading plate is rotated between two coaxially parallel grinding disks, which are then delivered in the direction of the spring ends and grind them. In the continuous process, the loading plate rotates continuously or cyclically between two, typically slightly tilted, grinding wheels through, with the spring ends being ground.
- Spring end grinding machines are often constructed in such a way that helical springs are loosely inserted into through-going receiving openings of a rotatably mounted loading plate, with one lower end slidably standing up on a loading table. By rotating the loading plate, the springs are transported between two opposing grinding wheels, each of which grinds the two ends of the spring flat at the same time. The lower end of the spring must slide over a narrow gap between the loading table and the lower grinding wheel from the loading area into the grinding area.
- a height offset between the loading table and the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel across the gap, in the form of a step up or down, can lead to problems when the springs move into the grinding area between the grinding wheels. On the one hand, it can lead to jamming or tilting and thus a malfunction in the operation of the grinding machine. On the other hand, an unnecessarily large safety distance between the spring ends and the grinding wheels when retracting leads to the fact that an optimal position of the grinding wheels for the grinding process is not available immediately after retraction, has to be set first and the grinding process is therefore less economical. In addition, the springs can be damaged or deformed, possibly even damage to the grinding wheels.
- the adjustment of the height offset between the loading table table top and the lower grinding wheel is carried out by eye by an operator of the grinding machine with a ruler, a caliper or some other yardstick.
- the present invention therefore has the object of providing an adjusting device for a grinding machine, a grinding machine and a method for adjusting a grinding machine with improved economy, reliability and safety at work.
- a faster, less error-prone and safer transition of workpieces to be ground between the loading unit and the grinding unit should be achieved.
- the object is achieved by an adjusting device for a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, according to claim 1.
- a workpiece end, in particular a spring end, of a workpiece received in the loading plate moves outside the grinding area immediately before entering the grinding area when the loading plate is rotated in a workpiece face plane.
- the at least one loading plate can be mounted in a turntable which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation that runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the loading plate. As a result, the loading plate could be moved from a loading position to a grinding position by rotating the turntable.
- Several loading plates in particular three or four loading plates, but preferably two loading plates, can be provided, which can be arranged preferably evenly over the circumference of the turntable and more preferably at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the turntable.
- a turntable could in principle be designed to be height-adjustable.
- the loading plate can be designed to be exchangeable and / or height-adjustable, for example by a mounting on a loading plate shaft that is axially displaceable along its axis of rotation, preferably with a tongue and groove connection.
- a double or multi-storey loading plate can be provided.
- the loading plate can preferably be rotated in the shape of a circular cylinder and / or indefinitely, in particular in cycles or continuously rotatable about its axis of rotation, whereby it can be rotated, for example, by a servomotor via a loading plate shaft.
- receiving of workpieces can be understood to mean the loose or fixed fixing of workpieces to be ground or ground on or in the loading plate, preferably in a receiving opening.
- the receiving openings are designed as through bores in the axial direction of the loading plate in the loading plate, so that in particular cylindrical workpieces, preferably helical springs, can be loosely plugged into a receiving opening.
- a receiving opening could also be formed in a holding or clamping device which could be attached to the loading plate for receiving a workpiece.
- the multiplicity of receiving openings can be different from one another, in particular have different depths and / or diameters, or be designed identically.
- a receiving opening could also be formed by a recess or a cavity in the loading plate in the surface of the loading plate.
- the workpieces can have any shape and material, but the adjusting device according to the invention is particularly well suited for a grinding machine for grinding springs, preferably helical springs, more preferably helical compression springs, in particular for use in a spring end grinding machine.
- Helical compression springs can be made of wound or wound wire, preferably of metallic materials.
- Helical compression springs can for example be cylindrical, conical, or double conical and have different diameters and / or lengths.
- the receiving openings are eccentric, that is to say outside the axis of rotation of the loading plate. Due to the eccentric arrangement, a receiving opening moves when the loading plate is rotated along a circular path around the axis of rotation of the loading plate. If the loading plate is rotatably mounted in a turntable, the axis of rotation of the loading plate moves when the turntable is rotated along a circular path around the axis of rotation of the turntable, whereby the movement of a receiving opening or a workpiece received therein results from the superimposition of the rotation of the turntable and the rotation of the loading plate. According to an even more general idea of the invention, the loading plate could also be mounted purely translationally, or rotationally and translationally, whereby workpieces received in the receiving openings can be moved at least partially along linear paths.
- The, preferably circular cylindrical, at least one rotatably mounted grinding wheel can be set in rotation about its axis of rotation, for example via a driven grinding spindle.
- the grinding wheel can be moved axially, for example via its grinding spindle, by an actuator, for example a servomotor.
- parallelism can be assumed within the scope of the manufacturing tolerances.
- the axis of rotation of the at least one grinding wheel can, however, also be designed to be tilted slightly relative to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, for example in order to adjust the grinding removal when the grinding machine is in operation in the continuous grinding process.
- the at least one loading plate and the at least one grinding wheel are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that a radial overlap area of the loading plate with the grinding wheel is created, which delimits a grinding area.
- the loading plate is arranged in the axial direction above the grinding wheel, preferably between two grinding wheels, as a result of which the position of the axes of rotation and the diameters of the preferably circular-cylindrical loading plate and grinding wheels result in an area in which the loading plate overlaps with the grinding wheels in the radial direction .
- this radial overlap area, in particular between the grinding wheels workpieces received in the loading plate can come into sliding contact with grinding surfaces of the at least one grinding wheel.
- the grinding area is in particular delimited distally by the two grinding wheels, in particular at the bottom by the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel and at the top by the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel.
- a “workpiece front plane” can be understood to mean a plane in which a workpiece end, that is to say a point located at one end of a workpiece, moves.
- a workpiece end that is to say a point located at one end of a workpiece
- all points on the end face of the workpiece describe a circular path when the workpiece is firmly held in a receiving opening relative to the loading plate and the loading plate rotates, the circular paths defining the workpiece end plane.
- each wire end in particular the outermost point in the axial direction of the screws, would define a workpiece end plane if the helical spring is received in a receiving opening in the loading plate and is moved along by its rotation.
- Both a free end of the helical spring can be moved on a trajectory in a plane and thereby define a workpiece front plane, as well as an end of a helical spring resting against a plate section, for example, which is particularly moved along a sliding surface.
- a workpiece accommodated in a loading plate which in particular protrudes with both workpiece ends over the face of the loading plate, describes two workpiece end planes which are in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, in particular an upper and a lower workpiece end plane.
- a workpiece could be held in a fixed axial position in a receiving opening of the loading plate or loosely inserted into a receiving opening, so that the axial position is fixed, for example, by the contact of a workpiece end on a flat sliding surface that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate .
- the workpiece front plane in which a workpiece end moves can change over time, for example if the axial position of the workpiece changes relative to the loading plate.
- the workpiece face outside the grinding area can deviate from the workpiece face within the grinding area, in particular if the workpiece moves axially relative to the loading plate or the length of the workpiece changes, for example due to the grinding process.
- a workpiece front plane outside the grinding area can be understood to mean the workpiece front plane which describes a workpiece end, in particular an unpolished workpiece, in particular an unpolished helical spring, immediately before it is moved into the grinding area by rotating the loading plate for grinding.
- the offset detection unit can detect an offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface by image recording, in particular a 3D image.
- the offset between a grinding surface and a workpiece front plane can be understood as the distance between a plane defined by the grinding surface and a workpiece front plane in which a workpiece end of a workpiece held on the loading plate is outside the grinding area moves, exists.
- the offset represents a height offset, in particular a height difference, between a grinding surface of the grinding wheel and a workpiece face outside the grinding area.
- An offset can, for example, if the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel is higher than the lower workpiece end of a workpiece, when the workpiece enters the grinding area by rotating the loading plate, this can lead to a collision with the grinding wheel.
- the offset can also be zero if the grinding surface and the end of the workpiece lie in one plane, that is, in particular, lie at the same height.
- an offset can also, for example if the grinding surface of the lower grinding level is lower than a workpiece end outside the grinding area, cause a workpiece to move in the axial direction towards the loading plate when entering the grinding area, in particular due to its own weight, in particular downwards slides until it rests on the sanding surface.
- Both a detected, in particular measured, offset value and a desired, in particular adjustable, offset value can assume positive or negative values, or precisely the value zero.
- coil springs made of very thin wire for example a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm
- the detection and / or setting of the offset is preferably carried out with an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
- springs are continuously or intermittently inserted into the grinding area, so that the most precise possible leveling between the loading table and the grinding wheel may be necessary in order to ensure that the spring is inserted as smoothly and smoothly as possible when the grinding wheels are optimally set for the through-feed grinding process.
- an unnecessarily large initial distance between the grinding wheels in order to enable trouble-free or gentle retraction of springs, can mean that the upper grinding wheel in particular has to be advanced unnecessarily far to the upper end of the spring before starting grinding, which reduces the efficiency of the The grinding process.
- the height offset between a workpiece end outside the grinding area, for example a lower workpiece end resting on a table top, and a grinding surface depends, for example, on the arrangement or alignment of the table top and a grinding wheel with respect to one another, the wear on the table top surface, the abrasion of each of the two grinding wheels, the height the table top, the thickness of the grinding wheels, the axial position and the inclination or tilting of a grinding wheel, the thermal expansion of a grinding wheel, the uneven wear of a grinding wheel in the radial direction, the type of mounting of a workpiece in the loading plate and the workpiece length.
- the adjustment device has the advantage that an offset is detected by the offset detection unit and a grinding wheel can be moved axially by the actuator, for example in order to monitor the detected offset or to set a desired offset.
- the offset does not have to be detected by an operator of the grinding machine himself, for example by looking into the grinding area, whereby a safety risk for the operator, for example by touching rotating parts, flying sparks or grinding particles, can be avoided.
- a grinding wheel can be adjusted in such a way that moving a workpiece into or out of the grinding area is optimized, in particular by avoiding collisions with grinding wheels, damage to the workpieces and an excessive safety clearance between the grinding wheels and the workpieces. This enables the workpieces to be moved quickly into the grinding area with the grinding wheels positioned optimally for the grinding process. This increases the profitability of the grinding process.
- the plate section (33, 34) adjoins a grinding wheel (41, 42).
- the plate section has a surface which forms a sliding surface on which a workpiece can slide by rotating the loading plate and / or a turntable.
- the sliding surface defines a workpiece front plane or coincides with it.
- the plate section can be spatially fixed or, in particular vertically, i.e. in the axial direction of the loading plate, can be designed to be displaceable, the loading plate and / or a turntable and the grinding wheel moving, in particular being able to rotate, relative to the plate section.
- the plate section in particular has the function of forming a support surface for a workpiece end, wherein a workpiece end can be supported or pressed against the plate section from above or from below.
- a plate section has the advantage that a workpiece can be loosely received in a receiving opening of the loading plate, it being fixed by the plate section in a fixed axial position relative to the loading plate. A workpiece can thereby be transported with one workpiece end sliding along the sliding surface towards the grinding area or away from the grinding area.
- a workpiece end rests on the plate section, in particular from above, the plate section being designed in particular as a table top and a workpiece end plane being defined by the sliding surface.
- the table top can, for example, be arranged concentrically in a ring around a turntable, flush with the turntable, in which the loading plate is rotatably mounted.
- the table top can also, for example in the case of a grinding machine with only one loading plate, be designed as an annular plate which is arranged concentrically around the axis of rotation of the loading plate. With its upper side, the table top can form a sliding surface for the lower workpiece ends of the workpieces received in the loading plate.
- the table top can be designed in several parts, with only part of the table top, in particular the section facing the grinding wheel, being understood as the plate section.
- the workpieces can rest on the table top with their own weight or, in the case of helical springs, due to compression, can also be pressed onto the table top by the spring force.
- the surface of the table top defines the lower workpiece front plane.
- a workpiece end presses against the plate section of a preferably height-adjustable inlet device, in particular a beveled inlet plate, in particular from below, an upper workpiece front plane being defined by the sliding surface.
- An inlet device can be provided in order to facilitate the entry of workpieces into the grinding area, in particular in the area of the upper end of the workpiece.
- the inlet device can be designed to be adjustable in height relative to the upper grinding wheel.
- the infeed device can be mounted on a height-adjustable front plate or on a grinding chamber shield, in particular height-adjustable, and provided on both sides of the grinding area, on the side of the incoming and outgoing workpieces.
- An inlet plate preferably has a section which is beveled with respect to the, in particular horizontally running, plate section, via which section, in particular, a retracting helical spring can be continuously compressed.
- the plate section can also be designed as a narrow lower edge of an inlet plate.
- the upper workpiece front plane is defined by the sliding surface of the plate section.
- there can also be an offset between a free end of a workpiece for example when the inlet device has moved further upwards, and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel.
- the offset detection unit is alternatively or additionally suitable for detecting an offset between a workpiece front plane and the plate section of the inlet device, in particular a lower edge of an inlet plate.
- a helical spring By means of an inlet device, especially adapted to the grinding area, a helical spring, for example, can already be compressed to a desired length before entering the grinding area, so that the spring presses against the inlet device or the plate section from below and along this into the Grinding area can slide. In this way, immediately after entering the grinding area, a desired grinding pressure can be applied to the spring ends through the grinding surfaces of the grinding wheels that have already been suitably fed.
- the upper grinding wheel By detecting the offset between the upper workpiece front plane, in particular the sliding surface of the plate section of an inlet device and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel, the upper grinding wheel can be adjusted in such a way that a problem-free entry of a workpiece into the grinding area is guaranteed, even if the helical spring is already pre-compressed and an unnecessarily large safety distance between the upper grinding wheel and the upper end of the workpiece during retraction can be avoided. This enables more economical, in particular faster, grinding of the workpieces.
- the plate section is adapted to the circumferential contour of the grinding wheel, in particular has a recess in the shape of a segment of a circle.
- the plate section can in particular extend along part of the circumference of the grinding wheel, so that a circular arc-shaped gap is formed between the plate section and the grinding wheel, via which the sliding surface of the plate section can be offset from the grinding surface of the grinding wheel.
- the plate section advantageously extends at least up to the edge of the loading plate, in particular the lower plate section over the entire width of the grinding area, so that Workpieces, which are received in an outer receiving opening of the loading plate, can be moved into the grinding area adjacent to the sliding surface over the gap or can be extended out of the grinding area over the gap to the sliding surface.
- the offset detection unit is arranged outside, preferably laterally, of the grinding area.
- the offset detection unit is protected against damage from flying sparks and contamination and impairment from grinding dust or grinding particles.
- the offset detection unit or individual components thereof, for example sensors can be in front of, in particular on the side facing the loading plate, or behind it, in particular on the side facing away from the loading plate, of the grinding area or on the sides, in particular at about the level of the grinding wheels or the Be arranged sliding surfaces or workpiece front planes.
- the offset detection unit is preferably arranged to the side of the grinding area, in particular outside the grinding wheels. The operation of the displacement detection unit is not impaired in this way and can detect an displacement reliably and precisely.
- the offset detection unit comprises image detection devices which are arranged at the level of an upper offset and / or a lower offset in order to detect the respective offset separately from one another.
- image detection devices which are arranged at the level of an upper offset and / or a lower offset in order to detect the respective offset separately from one another.
- an image acquisition device for example a camera
- sensors of the offset detection unit can each be provided to detect a lower offset value and several sensors to detect an upper offset value.
- the offset detection unit comprises at least one distance sensor, preferably one distance sensor in each case, in order to detect a first distance to the grinding surface and a second distance to the workpiece front plane.
- Distance sensors are arranged, for example, above or below the lower or upper grinding surface and workpiece front plane in such a way that they can measure a distance, preferably perpendicular, but possibly also obliquely, from a reference point.
- Distance sensors are arranged, for example, behind the grinding area between the grinding wheels in order to determine a distance to the grinding surfaces and arranged to the side of the grinding area above the table top or below the inlet device in order to determine a distance from a sliding surface.
- the offset can be calculated as the difference between a distance to a grinding surface and a distance to an associated workpiece front plane, for example by a computing unit, in particular a control or regulation unit, and have negative or positive values, or precisely the value zero.
- a computing unit in particular a control or regulation unit
- two separate distance sensors which are based, for example, on an inductive, capacitive, acoustic, for example as an ultrasonic sensor, or on an optical measuring principle, for the detection of an offset.
- An optoelectronic distance sensor can work, for example, on the principle of triangulation, confocal technology or interferometry.
- Distance sensors can include light sources, for example lasers or LEDs, which in particular emit infrared light or light of other suitable wavelengths, or can be designed without light sources, for example as digital cameras. It is conceivable that different types of distance sensors are combined with one another in the offset detection unit for detecting different distances.
- the offset detection unit comprises at least one optoelectronic sensor which detects the shadowing of light and / or laser beams, particularly perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, through a workpiece end, a plate section and / or a grinding wheel.
- An optoelectronic sensor can be designed, for example, as a one-way light barrier, for example as an optical micrometer, a reflex light barrier or a reflex scanner.
- Corresponding reflective elements can be found on the grinding wheel, the plate cuts or one of the light sources, for example a line laser, on the opposite side of the grinding area, for example on an inner wall of the housing.
- an optoelectronic sensor can detect the position of an upper or lower edge of a workpiece, a plate section or the grinding wheel using the shadow image method, in that the workpiece, a plate section or the grinding wheel shadows part of a light band or light strip emitted from the side of the grinding area.
- a lower edge of the plate section of an inlet device or the upper edge of a table top or a lower edge of the upper grinding wheel and an upper edge of the lower grinding wheel, in particular with an optoelectronic sensor each could be detected in this way.
- an optoelectronic sensor for the joint detection of an edge of a panel section and the associated grinding wheel, for example by using a sufficiently large light strip cross section and a corresponding 2D detector field. It is also conceivable to combine different optoelectronic sensors in the offset detection unit, so that, for example, the distance from a reference point to a grinding surface through a light barrier and the distance from a reference point to a workpiece front plane with a sensor based on a different measuring principle, in particular a camera, is captured.
- An optoelectronic sensor, in particular a light barrier has the advantage that it can be positioned in a protected manner to the side next to the grinding area and does not have to be attached in the limited space available within the grinding area.
- the offset detection unit comprises at least one image detection device, in particular an electronic video camera, which detects a workpiece end outside the grinding area, a plate section and / or a grinding surface, in particular the transition zone between the plate section and the grinding wheel, preferably parts of the sliding surface and the grinding surface.
- An image acquisition device could acquire image information and / or video image information about a workpiece, a plate section or a grinding wheel separately from one another or in a common image.
- the offset detection unit can comprise a light stripe sensor, in particular a light section sensor, which detects a topology or a height profile that reproduces the offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface.
- the offset detection unit can comprise several cameras, in particular two cameras and a projector, in particular a line projector.
- a projector in particular a line projector.
- Two cameras have the advantage that a three-dimensional image can be captured using stereo vision.
- a first image capturing device could, for example, be directed laterally onto the transition zone, in particular the gap between the table top or the inlet device and a grinding wheel, while a second image capturing unit could be directed toward the transition zone from the rear or the front.
- the offset between a workpiece end outside the grinding area or a plate section and a grinding surface can be detected in a single image by means of an image acquisition device without determining two distances by separate sensors.
- the captured image can be displayed to an operator of the grinding machine in order to carry out a control and / or manual, at least manually triggered, adjustment of the grinding wheel and / or the inlet device on the basis of the image.
- the image capturing device is oriented at an angle of 0 to 20 °, preferably 0 to 10 °, to a plane which runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate.
- a tilted arrangement of an image acquisition device opposite the workpiece end planes and the grinding surfaces, in particular the horizontal enables a better angle of view of the transition zone between the plate section and the grinding wheel or a workpiece end outside the grinding zone and the grinding surface.
- the offset detection unit comprises an image processing device which determines the offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface from image information recorded by the image detection device, in particular based on calibration data.
- image processing device determines the offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface from image information recorded by the image detection device, in particular based on calibration data.
- three-dimensional coordinates, in particular 3D point clouds can be calculated from the captured image information, in particular a range map, from which the offset between a workpiece end and a grinding surface or a sliding surface and a grinding surface can be determined using suitable calculation methods .
- Calibration data include, for example, reference coordinates of image points and / or geometric reference data between two cameras.
- an image processing device which for example is a computing unit, in particular a CPU, on which suitable calculation methods can be carried out, the offset can be reliably and robustly detected from outside the grinding area, where in particular sufficient installation space is available for the offset detection unit inside the housing of the grinding machine.
- an offset value that can be detected by the offset detection unit is between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm, and can in particular be detected with an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
- an upper offset value between the upper workpiece front plane and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel and / or a lower offset value between the lower workpiece front plane and the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel, in particular of the size of a few tenths of a millimeter can be detected by the offset detection unit, the spatial resolution of the Displacement detection unit is preferably in the range of one hundredth of a millimeter.
- An upper and / or lower offset value in particular represents a difference and can assume negative or positive values, or precisely zero.
- a memory device which stores data structures for a grinding process in a readable manner, which, for example, contains captured image data and / or determined offset values and / or associated grinding process data, such as workpiece data, in particular the spring length or spring diameter, grinding wheel data, in particular the grinding wheel thickness, contain a grinding wheel abrasion measure or the grinding wheel operating time or loading plate data.
- Offset values can be, for example, the amount of offset between a grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel and the table top, between a grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel and the sliding surface of the infeed device or between a grinding surface and the upper or lower workpiece face.
- the data structure can also contain the distance between the two workpiece front planes and between the two grinding surfaces and / or coordinates of components of the adjustment device or workpieces.
- Workpiece data include in particular the type of spring, the spring length, the spring weight or the spring material.
- Grinding wheel data can include the grinding wheel material, the grinding wheel thickness or a determined grinding wheel abrasion level, as well as the accumulated grinding wheel operating time, a grinding wheel expansion level or a critical grinding wheel thickness.
- Grinding process data can also contain target specifications for the grinding process, such as a specified spring removal or a Include target spring length. Grinding process data can also contain a grinding spindle angle for a continuous process.
- Loading plate data can contain, for example, the number of receiving openings, the workpieces contained or the workpieces to be ground simultaneously in the delivery process.
- a memory device for storing corresponding data structures has the advantage that for a later grinding process, previously recorded data, in particular an identical or similar grinding process, can be taken into account, in particular displayed or used to control the adjustment device.
- a display device which visualizes the captured image information and / or the at least one determined offset and / or information contained in stored data structures.
- a display device can for example be a screen of a computer or a display, in particular an LCD display, of a grinding machine control or regulation device.
- the information contained in the data structures can be visualized as, preferably computer-assisted graphically processed, 3D models of the geometric relationships within the transition zone, in particular as a 3D visualization of a currently existing offset, with a display device, in particular for an operator.
- an offset is very easy and safe for an operator, especially without having to look into the transition zone in the grinding chamber, controllable and adjustable. This increases work safety and the speed of the grinding process.
- a control unit which, based on a detected offset value for setting a predetermined offset value, controls the actuator of at least one grinding wheel, in particular by the offset value between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm , in particular to be set to an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
- the control unit can also, alternatively or additionally, control at least one actuator for the inlet device.
- the control unit is in particular via a bus system, in particular a real-time capable bus system for data transmission and communication, with the memory device, the display device, the actuators for the lower and upper grinding wheel, the actuator for the inlet device, the offset detection unit and a computing unit, for example a CPU, connected in particular for controlling the actuators, for controlling the adjusting device. Further sensors, units or actuators that do not belong to the adjustment device itself can be connected the bus system must be connected.
- the control unit can also be designed to take into account further information that is not detected by the offset detection unit when controlling the adjustment device and, in particular, to be integrated into a control unit of the grinding machine.
- a control unit has the advantage that the grinding machine, in particular the grinding wheels, can be adjusted automatically and precisely.
- an operator can specify a desired offset value, for example an upper offset value and / or a lower offset value, for the control unit.
- a desired offset value for example an upper offset value and / or a lower offset value, for the control unit.
- Such an offset value to be set can in particular be read out from a data structure that is stored in the memory device for a specific type of spring to be ground and / or calculated taking into account grinding wheel data and / or grinding process data and / or loading plate data, in particular optimized based on stored models, will.
- an offset value can be desired which is positive or negative not equal to zero or exactly or approximately zero and is to be set automatically.
- a helical spring for a specific grinding process, it might be desirable for a helical spring to drop from the sliding surface of the table top onto a downwardly offset grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel when it enters the grinding area, for example in order to ensure particularly reliable entry into the grinding area.
- the stated object is also achieved in particular by a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, with an adjusting device according to the invention.
- a grinding machine is particularly less prone to errors, because the entry and / or exit of workpieces into or out of the grinding area by suitable adjustment of the grinding wheels and / or the inlet device through a desired setting of the offset between a workpiece end and a grinding surface, a table top and the lower grinding wheel and / or the run-in device and an upper grinding wheel reliably, in particular automatically. This avoids malfunctions and enables the grinding machine to be operated particularly economically.
- the running-in process of workpieces can take place more quickly thanks to an improved adjustment and the grinding wheels can be brought into an optimal starting position for the grinding process, in particular advanced, at an early stage, in particular even before the workpieces are run in.
- work safety for an operator is increased because it is not necessary to open the work space to inspect the offset.
- At least one actuator of an inlet device can also be controlled.
- the adjustment is regulated by a control unit, so that the desired offset values can be set automatically and reliably and precisely.
- the actuators can also be controlled manually by an operator.
- the adjustment process can be carried out for a grinding process using the continuous process or the feed process.
- the adjustment process can be carried out after the loading plate has been fitted with a different type of spring, so that, for example, the spring length, the spring diameter or the material of the spring has changed and other offset values are desired.
- the method can also be used after changing the grinding wheels, for example because a maximum amount of abrasion has been exceeded, after changing the loading plate, for example in order to be able to load a different workpiece or spring geometry, or due to wear of the sliding surfaces, in particular the inlet device or the table top , be performed.
- the adjustment method takes into account, in particular, thermal expansion of the grinding wheels, in particular during grinding operation, irregular wear, for example in the radial direction, of the grinding surfaces or inclination, in particular of a grinding surface, for example in the continuous grinding process, as well as changed thicknesses of exchanged loading plates or grinding wheels.
- FIGS 1a to 1c show a first embodiment of an adjusting device 2 according to the invention, which is shown in FIG Figure 1a in a side view, in Figure 1b in a partial top view and in Figure 1c is shown in an enlarged view.
- a turntable 39 with a circular cylindrical basic shape is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation A.
- the storage (not shown in more detail) can be implemented in a housing or a foundation of a grinding machine 1.
- the turntable 39 is axially fixed, but could also be designed to be adjustable in height.
- two circular-cylindrical loading plates 31 are mounted eccentrically to the axis of rotation A.
- the loading plates 31 are each mounted on a loading plate shaft (not shown in detail) so that they can rotate about an axis of rotation B. It is conceivable to equip the loading unit 3 with more than two, for example three or four, loading plates 31 around the axis of rotation A.
- the grinding machine 1 with the adjusting device 2, the loading unit 3 and the grinding unit 4 is constructed essentially symmetrically to a center plane M. An embodiment of the grinding machine 1 without a turntable 39 and with a loading unit 3 with only a single loading plate 31 rotatably mounted in the grinding machine 1 is also provided.
- the grinding unit is at least partially arranged in a housing 20.
- the turntable 39 and the loading plate 31 are arranged horizontally here so that the axes of rotation A and B point in the direction of gravity.
- the loading plate 31 can rotate continuously about its axis of rotation B or cyclically, i.e. be rotated further by a certain amount of circumference by a certain piece within a certain time interval, for example by means of servomotors (not shown) which are preferably mounted below the turntable 39 so as to rotate.
- the described arrangement of the turntable 39 and the loading plate 31 makes it possible to move a loading plate 31 from a loading position L into a grinding position S by rotating the turntable 39.
- a loading plate 31 is shown in the loading position L on the left-hand side and a loading plate 31 in the grinding position S is shown on the right-hand side.
- the direction of rotation D of the turntable 39 and the direction of rotation E of the loading plate 31 are indicated by arrows.
- the loading plate 31 has a plurality of receiving openings 32 distributed eccentrically to the axis of rotation A over the circumference of the loading plate, which are designed as through bores of the same diameter at different radial positions of the loading plate 31, in particular as spring bores.
- the loading plate 31 can be equipped or loaded with workpieces 6, in particular helical springs, which are shown as cylindrical workpieces 6 and in the receiving openings 32 can be inserted or plugged in.
- the receiving openings 32 could also have different diameters for workpieces 6 of different diameters, in particular for different spring types.
- workpieces 6 could also be held, for example frictionally, in a receiving opening 32 in a fixed axial position relative to the loading plate 31.
- the workpieces 6 are loosely received in the receiving openings and are freely movable in the axial direction of the receiving openings 32.
- the grinding unit 4 has two grinding wheels 41, 42, namely a lower grinding wheel 41 for grinding the lower workpiece end 63 and an upper grinding wheel 42 for grinding the upper workpiece end 64.
- the upper grinding wheel 42 is not shown in FIG. 1b.
- one grinding wheel 41, 42 is rotatably mounted on a grinding spindle 45, 46 about the axis of rotation C and is driven, for example, by a servomotor (not shown) and can be moved axially, i.e. along the axis of rotation C, via an actuator 43, 44.
- the axes of rotation C of the grinding wheels 41, 42 are aligned and run essentially parallel to the axes of rotation B of the loading plates 31.
- Both grinding wheels 41, 42 can be adjusted separately from one another by means of a respective associated actuator 43, 44.
- the radial position of the axis of rotation B on the turntable 39 and the mounting of the grinding unit 4, for example in the housing 20, as well as the diameter of the loading plate 31, the grinding wheels 41, 42 are selected so that a loading plate 31 is in a grinding position S with the grinding wheels 41, 42 overlap radially.
- the radial overlap area delimits a grinding area 7, which in Figure 1c is indicated by a dashed rectangle.
- the grinding area 7 extends between the grinding surface 421 of the upper grinding wheel 42 and the grinding surface 411 of the lower grinding wheel 41 and is laterally limited by the radial overlap area. In the grinding area 7, the workpieces 6, more precisely their frontal workpiece ends 63, 64, can be brought into sliding contact with the grinding wheels 41, 42.
- the axes of rotation C of the grinding wheels 41, 42 can be tilted or tilted to one another or to the axis of rotation B of the loading plate 31, i.e. not run exactly parallel, in particular around the removal of the workpiece ends 63, 64 when the loading plate 31 passes through, i.e. Continuous process to discontinue.
- this can be done in the grinding process to the Workpieces 6 to be removed dimension are set.
- the workpieces 6 are preferably cylindrical or conical helical compression springs which are loosely inserted into receiving openings 32, which have the shape of through bores, and can be ground plane-parallel by both grinding wheels 41, 42 at their upper and lower spring ends at the same time will.
- the grinding pressure between grinding wheel 41, 42 and workpiece 6 is set by means of an infeed of grinding wheels 41, 2 through the compression of the springs.
- one of the workpieces 6 (on the right side) is shown schematically as an example as a helical spring.
- the turntable 39 is surrounded by an annular table top 37 which has a circular cutout the size of the diameter of the turntable 39.
- the upper side of the table top 37 forms a lower sliding surface 35 for the lower workpiece ends 63 of the workpieces 6 and is flush with the surface of the turntable 39.
- the table top 37 represents a lower plate section 33 on which workpieces 6, in particular under their own weight, rest with their lower workpiece front side 63 on the lower sliding surface 35. The workpieces 6 can slide on the table top along circular paths while the loading plate 31 rotates.
- the table top 37 or the lower plate section 33 on the side of the grinding position S has a recess 331 that matches the circumferential contour 412 of the lower grinding wheel 41, in particular its diameter is.
- the inlet device 38 is arranged above the loading plate 31 in order to make it easier for a workpiece 6, in particular the upper workpiece ends 64, to run into the grinding area 7.
- the inlet device 38 is adjustable in height relative to the upper grinding wheel 42 in the direction of the axis of rotation B of the loading plate 31.
- the front plate 21 is attached to the housing 20 in guide elements 25 so that it can be moved vertically, in particular adjustably.
- the grinding chamber shield 24 can be moved vertically via a rod 23 via an actuator 22 connected to the front plate 21.
- any height adjustment devices for the inlet device 38 are conceivable.
- the grinding chamber shield 24 serves primarily to protect an area outside the grinding area 7 from flying sparks, grinding dust and grinding particles as well as cooling liquid.
- the inlet device 38 is attached to the upper plate section 34 on the underside of the grinding chamber shield 24.
- the plate portion 34 is tapered as a Run-in plate, which forms the upper sliding surface 36 with the, preferably flat, underside, against which an upper workpiece end 64 rests during retraction, in particular presses from below when the run-in device 38 has moved sufficiently far in the direction of the loading plate 31.
- An inlet device 38 is provided on both sides of the grinding zone 7, namely a first on the side of the incoming workpieces 6 and a second on the side of the outgoing workpieces 6. If the inlet device 38 is positioned at a correspondingly lower position, a direction of the grinding area 7 rotating workpiece 6, in particular a helical spring, compressed or upset.
- the inlet device 38 also prevents, for example, a vertical oscillation of elastic workpieces 6, possibly caused by vibrations of the grinding machine 1, and defines their axial position during retraction.
- the shape of the upper plate sections 34 is adapted to the circumferential contour 422 of the upper grinding wheel 42, in particular curved in the shape of a circular arc on their side facing the grinding wheel 42.
- the lower plate section 33 and the upper plate section 34 are each adapted to the circumference of the lower grinding wheel 41 and the upper grinding wheel 42 and are separated from the respective grinding wheels 41, 42 by the narrow gap 14 caused by the relative movement between the plate sections 33, 34 and grinding wheels 41, 42. 42 separated.
- the area between a plate section 33, 34 and a grinding wheel 41, 42 represents a transition zone 8 for a workpiece 6 from an area outside the grinding area 7 to the grinding area 7 or vice versa.
- the transition zone 8 is here as a circular arc-shaped belt or shell segment conceivable, which extends along the gap 14.
- workpiece end planes 61, 62 are drawn in, which run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and perpendicular to the axis of rotation B, that is to say in particular horizontally.
- the upper workpiece end plane 62 is defined by the plane of movement in which an upper workpiece end 64 moves when it is moved outside of the grinding area 7 by rotating it in a fixed axial position in the loading plate 31.
- the lower workpiece end plane 61 is correspondingly defined with respect to the lower workpiece end 63.
- the distance between the two workpiece end planes 61, 62 thus describes the length of a workpiece 6, in the case of a compressed helical spring a shortened spring length, while the workpiece 6 is outside the grinding area 7 between the upper plate section 34 of the inlet device 38 and the lower plate section 33 of the table top 37 is located shortly before entering or after exiting the grinding area 7.
- a workpiece 6 moving into or out of the grinding area 7 must consequently overcome a step down or up when it passes the transition zone 8 around the gap 14 by rotating the loading plate 31.
- a lower offset value V1 exists between the lower workpiece front plane 61 and the lower grinding surface 411, while an upper offset value V2 exists between the upper workpiece front plane 62 and the upper grinding surface 421.
- the offset values V1 and V2 describe distance values, in particular a height offset, between two planes.
- the offset values V1 and V2 are indicated by dimension arrows.
- the offset value V1, V2 depends on the one hand on the axial positioning of the grinding wheels by the actuating drives 43, 44 and the axial position of the inlet device 38 by the actuating drive 22.
- the offset detection unit 5 is suitable for detecting the lower offset between the lower workpiece front plane 61 and the grinding surface 411 of the lower grinding wheel 41 and / or the upper offset between the upper workpiece front plane 62 and the grinding surface 421 of the upper grinding wheel 42.
- the offset detection unit 5 comprises four image detection devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b, which are designed as digital cameras, in particular with a CMOS or a CCD image sensor.
- the image acquisition devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b are aligned with their optics on the transition zone 8, with first image capturing devices 55a, 55b and second image capturing devices 56a, 56b in particular capturing the same image section in order to create a 3D image of at least part of the image by superimposing two captured images, in particular using stereo vision To be able to generate transition zone 8 and thus an offset.
- the first and second image acquisition devices 55a and 56a are aligned with the lower region of the transition zone 8 in order to acquire a lower offset value V1.
- First and second image acquisition devices 55b and 56b are aligned with the upper area of the transition zone 8 in order to acquire an upper offset value V2.
- the offset detection unit 5 could alternatively or additionally comprise a light stripe sensor, in particular a light section sensor, for example with an image capturing device, wherein several cameras, in particular two cameras and a projector, in particular a line projector, can be provided.
- the image acquisition devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b are aligned obliquely to the horizontal at an angle W which is between 0 ° and 20 °, preferably between 0 ° and 10 °, in particular at a better viewing angle of the offset or to have the transition zone 8.
- the detectable offset values V1 and V2 are between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm; we can in particular detect and set them with an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
- the grinding area 7 is indicated by a dashed rectangle.
- An image processing device 57 serves to process the image information, in particular range maps, captured by the image capture devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b with the aid of calibration data, in particular to convert it into 3D point clouds, possibly in a separate computing unit 12.
- a lower and an upper offset value V1 or V2 can be determined as the distances between two planes from point coordinates. It is conceivable to determine an offset value not only at a single point, but rather to determine an offset value, in particular an integral, averaged over a certain line segment or a surface element, in particular by the image processing device 57.
- a grinding surface 411, 421 and a slip plane 35, 36 might not be accurate due to manufacturing or alignment deviations be parallel or only parallel within certain tolerances, or be deliberately slightly tilted relative to one another for a specific grinding process, so that an offset cannot be described by a punctual distance value and cannot be adjusted based on this.
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an adjusting device 2 with two inlet devices 38, which are arranged on both sides of the grinding area 7.
- Image capturing devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b are also provided on both sides, whereby an offset when moving unpolished workpieces 6 into the grinding area 7 and when moving ground workpieces 6 out of the grinding area 7 can be detected and thus adjusted.
- the image acquisition devices are connected to an image processing device 57 for data transmission, for example by a bus system 13.
- provision can be made to set the upper offset value V2 differently on both sides, for example in that both inlet devices 38 are height-adjustable separately from one another.
- Two-sided inlet and outlet devices 38 allow a free choice of the directions of rotation D and E of the turntable 39 or the loading plate 31.
- An inlet device 38 on the extension side can be provided to avoid a heavy load on the edge of the grinding wheel 42, especially when extending a ground and compressed helical compression spring.
- Figures 3a and 3b show an embodiment with an offset detection unit 5, which comprises optoelectronic sensors 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b, in each case first optoelectronic sensors 53a, 53b the distance of an edge of the grinding wheel 41, 42 to a reference point and second optoelectronic sensors 54a, 54b the distance of a Detect the edge of a plate section 33, 34 to a reference point. From the difference between two distances, a first and a second offset value V1, V2 can be calculated, which can be negative or positive, or exactly zero.
- the optoelectronic sensors 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b are designed in particular as light barriers, for example as one-way light barriers or reflex light barriers, for example as an optical micrometer, which create a light strip or a light band parallel to the first or second workpiece face 61, 62 or grinding surfaces 411, 421 and detect the position of a body edge through the partial shadowing of the light beams by the grinding wheels 41, 42 or plate sections 33, 34.
- Corresponding reflection elements can be on the grinding wheel 41, 42, the plate cuts 33, 34 or on one of the light source, for example a line laser, opposite side of the grinding area 7, for example on an inner wall of the housing 20, to be appropriate.
- a single optoelectronic sensor in order to simultaneously detect an upper and lower body edge, for example the vertical position of the upper and lower grinding surfaces 411, 421 or the upper and lower sliding surfaces 35, 36. It is also conceivable to use a single optoelectronic sensor 58 for detecting an offset, in particular in that an emitted light strip with a sufficiently large two-dimensional cross-section illuminates the transition zone 8 in such a way that both a shadowing by a grinding wheel 41, 42 and by a plate section 33, 34 can be detected by this sensor.
- the optoelectronic sensor 58 shown can be provided as an alternative or in addition to individual first and second optoelectronic sensors 53a, 54a and in particular at an angle to the side of the grinding area 7, preferably as frontal as possible on the side edges of the grinding wheel 41 and the table top 37 and / or the grinding wheel 42 and the run-in plate the inlet device 38 be directed.
- Figures 4a and 4b show an embodiment with distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, which can each be designed, for example, as inductive, capacitive, acoustic or optical distance sensors.
- First distance sensors 51a, 51b are arranged above and below the lower grinding wheel 41 and the upper grinding wheel 42, respectively, in order to measure a distance from the lower grinding surface 411 and the upper grinding surface 421, respectively.
- Second distance sensors 52a, 52b are arranged above and below the lower plate section 33 and the upper plate section 34, respectively, in order to measure a distance from the lower sliding surface 35 and upper sliding surface 36, respectively.
- the distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b can also be aligned obliquely to the surfaces, in particular laterally next to the grinding wheels 41, 42 or plate sections 33, 34 to which they determine the distance, in particular so as not to work with workpieces 6 or movable Components of the adjustment device 2 to collide.
- the distance sensors 51a, 51b are arranged behind the grinding area 7 between the grinding wheels 41, 42 in order to determine a distance from the grinding surfaces 411, 421.
- the distance sensors 52a, 52b are arranged to the side of the grinding area 7 above the table top 37 or below the inlet device 38 in order to determine a distance from a lower sliding surface 35 or upper sliding surface 36.
- the upper offset value V1 and the lower offset value V2 can be determined from two recorded distances, for example by a control unit or a regulating unit 11.
- a distance sensor 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b can for example be an ultrasonic sensor or an optoelectronic distance sensor which works, for example, according to the principle of triangulation, confocal technology or interferometry.
- Distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b can be equipped with light sources, for example with lasers or LEDs, which in particular emit infrared light or light of other suitable wavelengths, or can be designed without light sources, for example as digital cameras.
- Distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b can use laser triangulation via a location-dependent photodiode (PSD), a camera or a CCD line to detect the distance to a grinding surface 411, 421 or a sliding surface 35, 36, with a blue laser diode being used in particular The best possible reflection on a porous grinding wheel 41, 42 could be used.
- PSD location-dependent photodiode
- a camera or a CCD line to detect the distance to a grinding surface 411, 421 or a sliding surface 35, 36, with a blue laser diode being used in particular The best possible reflection on a porous grinding wheel 41, 42 could be used.
- phase position measurement by frequency-dependent phase modulation comes into consideration. It is conceivable to combine different types of distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b in the offset detection unit 5 to detect different distances.
- Embodiments are also conceivable in which the distance sensors 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b used in connection with the Figures 3a and 3b described optoelectronic sensors in the form of light barriers or in connection with the Figures 1a to 1c image acquisition devices 55, 56 described are combined as distance sensors.
- Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the adjustment device 2 according to the invention with image acquisition devices 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b and an image processing device 57, with optoelectronic sensors 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b, 58 and / or distance sensors 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b instead or in addition could be included in the offset detection unit 5.
- the offset detection unit 5 Via a bus system 13, which enables data transmission and the transmission of control signals between the connected components, the offset detection unit 5 with a storage device 9, a display device 10, a control unit 11 and a computing unit 12 as well as with the actuator 22 for an inlet device 38 and the Actuators 43, 44 for the lower and the upper grinding wheel 41, 42 are connected.
- the adjusting device 2 can be regulated via a control unit 11, with the adjusting device 2 also being possible to control, for example manually by an operator of the grinding machine 1.
- the memory unit 9 is designed in particular as a data memory that can read out data structures for a grinding process saves. Data structures can contain, for example, captured image data and / or determined offset values and / or associated grinding process data, such as workpiece data, in particular the spring length or the spring diameter, grinding wheel data, in particular the grinding wheel thickness, a grinding wheel abrasion or the grinding wheel operating time or loading plate data.
- Offset values can be, for example, the offset amount V1 between a grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel and the table top, the offset amount V2 between a grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel and the sliding surface of the run-in device, or offset amounts between a grinding surface and the upper or lower workpiece face.
- the data structure can also contain the distance between the two workpiece end planes 61, 62 and between the two grinding surfaces 411, 421 and / or coordinates of components of the adjustment device 2 or workpieces 6.
- Workpiece data include in particular the type of spring, the spring length, the spring weight or the spring material.
- Grinding wheel data can include the grinding wheel material, the grinding wheel thickness or a determined grinding wheel abrasion level, as well as the accumulated grinding wheel operating time, a grinding wheel expansion level or a critical grinding wheel thickness. Grinding process data can also include target specifications for the grinding process, such as, for example, a predetermined spring removal or a target spring length. Grinding process data can also contain a grinding spindle angle for a continuous process. Loading plate data can contain, for example, the number of receiving openings 32, the workpieces 6 contained or the workpieces 6 to be ground simultaneously in the delivery method. These data could be transmitted to a control unit or the regulating unit 11, for example via a bus system 13, and taken into account in the control or regulation of the adjusting device 2.
- Figure 6 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention, in particular for adjusting the grinding machine 1, preferably with an adjusting device 2 according to the invention Figures 1a to 1c .
- an offset is detected 1001, in particular a first offset value V1 and / or a second offset value V2.
- Activation 1002 can also include activation of an actuator 22 of an inlet device 38. The method can be carried out automatically by a control unit 11 or, in particular manually, by an operator.
- Positive, negative, or offset values V1, V2 of exactly or approximately zero can be detected by the offset detection unit 5 with an accuracy of 1/100 mm and can preferably be set with this accuracy via actuators 22, 43, 44.
- the method can be carried out to readjust a grinding machine 1, for example after retrofitting, loading workpieces 6 or during grinding operation.
- the method is carried out repeatedly in succession, in particular at fixed or variable time intervals, in order to retract and / or extend of workpieces 6 in or out of a grinding area 7, in particular to be carried out as quickly, safely and economically as possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Justiervorrichtung für eine Schleifmaschine nach Anspruch 1, eine Schleifmaschine, insbesondere Federendenschleifmaschine, mit einer solchen Justiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 und ein Verfahren zum Justieren einer Schleifmaschine nach Anspruch 18. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen werden in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The invention relates to an adjusting device for a grinding machine according to claim 1, a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, having such an adjusting device according to claim 17 and a method for adjusting a grinding machine according to claim 18. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
Schleifmaschinen werden in vielen Fertigungsprozessen in der Industrie eingesetzt, wo Oberflächen von Werkstücken spanend bearbeitet werden. Meistens sollen Flächen von vorwiegend metallischen Maschinenelementen mit bestimmten Genauigkeitsanforderungen hergestellt werden. Dabei sind besonders bei Maschinenelementen, die in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden, eine gute Auslastung der Schleifmaschine und kurze Bearbeitungszyklen wirtschaftlich wichtig.Grinding machines are used in many manufacturing processes in industry, where surfaces of workpieces are machined. Mostly, surfaces of predominantly metallic machine elements are to be produced with certain accuracy requirements. A good utilization of the grinding machine and short processing cycles are particularly important for machine elements that are manufactured in large numbers.
Schleifmaschinen umfassen häufig Ladevorrichtungen, in die die zu schleifenden Werkstücke eingesetzt bzw. eingespannt werden, um dann mit der Ladevorrichtung relativ zu einer Schleifscheibe zum Schleifen positioniert zu werden. Schleifmaschinen können auch mit zwei Ladevorrichtungen ausgestattet sein, wobei zwei gegenüberliegende Ladeteller drehbar auf einem Drehtisch angebracht sind, der durch Drehung die Ladeteller zwischen einer Ladeposition und einer Schleifposition hin und her bewegen kann. Dieses Aufbauprinzip wird häufig bei Federendenschleifmaschinen angewendet, um die Federn in einem Ladeteller zwisehen den Schleifscheiben zu schleifen, während der andere Ladeteller gleichzeitig be- oder entladen werden kann.Grinding machines often include loading devices into which the workpieces to be ground are inserted or clamped in order to then be positioned with the loading device relative to a grinding wheel for grinding. Grinding machines can also be equipped with two loading devices, with two opposing loading plates being rotatably mounted on a turntable which can move the loading plates back and forth between a loading position and a grinding position by rotation. This construction principle is often used in spring end grinding machines in order to clamp the springs in a loading plate to grind the grinding wheels while the other loading plate can be loaded or unloaded at the same time.
Federendenschleifmaschinen werden eingesetzt, um die Enden von aus Draht gewickelten oder gewundenen Schraubenfedern planparallel zu schleifen. Die bearbeiteten Federn können im eingebauten Zustand an definierten Auflageflächen an den Federenden sauber axial belastet werden. Grundsätzlich können Schraubendruckfedern im Zustellverfahren oder im Durchlaufverfahren geschliffen werden. Im Zustellverfahren wird der Ladeteller zwischen zwei koaxial parallel angeordnete Schleifscheiben gedreht, die dann in Richtung der Federenden zugestellt werden und diese schleifen. Im Durchlaufverfahren dreht sich der Ladeteller kontinuierlich oder auch taktweise zwischen zwei, typischerweise leicht gegeneinander verkippten, Schleifscheiben hindurch, wobei die Federenden geschliffen werden.Spring end grinding machines are used to grind the ends of helical springs wound or coiled from wire plane-parallel. When installed, the machined springs can be loaded axially on defined contact surfaces on the spring ends. In principle, helical compression springs can be ground using the infeed process or the continuous process. In the delivery process, the loading plate is rotated between two coaxially parallel grinding disks, which are then delivered in the direction of the spring ends and grind them. In the continuous process, the loading plate rotates continuously or cyclically between two, typically slightly tilted, grinding wheels through, with the spring ends being ground.
Federendenschleifmaschinen sind häufig so aufgebaut, dass Schraubenfedern in durchgehenden Aufnahmeöffnungen eines drehbar gelagerten Ladetellers lose eingesetzt werden, wobei sie mit einem unteren Ende auf einem Ladetisch gleitend aufstehen. Durch eine Rotation des Ladetellers werden die Federn zwischen zwei gegenüberliegende Schleifscheiben transportiert, die mit jeweils einer Stirnseite die beiden Federenden gleichzeitig plan schleifen. Dabei muss das untere Federende über einen schmalen Spalt zwischen dem Ladetisch und der unteren Schleifscheibe von dem Ladebereich in den Schleifbereich hinübergleiten.Spring end grinding machines are often constructed in such a way that helical springs are loosely inserted into through-going receiving openings of a rotatably mounted loading plate, with one lower end slidably standing up on a loading table. By rotating the loading plate, the springs are transported between two opposing grinding wheels, each of which grinds the two ends of the spring flat at the same time. The lower end of the spring must slide over a narrow gap between the loading table and the lower grinding wheel from the loading area into the grinding area.
Ein Höhenversatz zwischen dem Ladetisch und der Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe über den Spalt hinweg, in Form einer Stufe nach oben oder nach unten, kann zu Problemen beim Einfahren der Federn in den Schleifbereich zwischen den Schleifscheiben führen. Einerseits kann es zum Verklemmen oder Verkanten und somit einer Störung im Betrieb der Schleifmaschine kommen. Andererseits führt ein unnötig großer Sicherheitsabstand zwischen den Federenden und den Schleifscheiben beim Einfahren dazu, dass eine optimale Stellung der Schleifscheiben für den Schleifprozess nicht unmittelbar nach dem Einfahren vorliegt, erst eingestellt werden muss und der Schleifprozess somit unwirtschaftlicher ist. Außerdem kann es zu einer Beschädigung oder Verformung der Federn, eventuell sogar einer Beschädigung der Schleifscheiben, kommen.A height offset between the loading table and the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel across the gap, in the form of a step up or down, can lead to problems when the springs move into the grinding area between the grinding wheels. On the one hand, it can lead to jamming or tilting and thus a malfunction in the operation of the grinding machine. On the other hand, an unnecessarily large safety distance between the spring ends and the grinding wheels when retracting leads to the fact that an optimal position of the grinding wheels for the grinding process is not available immediately after retraction, has to be set first and the grinding process is therefore less economical. In addition, the springs can be damaged or deformed, possibly even damage to the grinding wheels.
Aus der
Aus der
Üblicherweise wird die Einstellung des Höhenversatzes zwischen dem Ladetisch Tischplatte und der unteren Schleifscheibe von einem Bediener der Schleifmaschine mit einem Lineal, einem Messschieber oder einem anderen Maßstab per Augenmaß vorgenommen.Usually, the adjustment of the height offset between the loading table table top and the lower grinding wheel is carried out by eye by an operator of the grinding machine with a ruler, a caliper or some other yardstick.
Aus dem Zusammenspiel der Kinematik der beweglichen Teile einer beschriebenen Schleifmaschine, die aus der Anordnung der Schleifscheiben, des Ladetellers, des Ladetisches und der Halterung der Werkstücke in dem Ladeteller resultiert, ergeben sich besondere technische Herausforderungen für die Justierung einer Schleifmaschine bzw. ihrer Komponenten, die im Stand der Technik noch nicht befriedigend gelöst sind (siehe die
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat deshalb die Aufgabe, eine Justiervorrichtung für eine Schleifmaschine, eine Schleifmaschine und ein Verfahren zum Justieren einer Schleifmaschine mit verbesserter Wirtschaftlichkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Arbeitssicherheit bereitzustellen. Insbesondere soll ein schnellerer, weniger fehleranfälliger und sicherer Übergang von zu schleifenden Werkstücken zwischen der Ladeeinheit und der Schleifeinheit erzielt werden.The present invention therefore has the object of providing an adjusting device for a grinding machine, a grinding machine and a method for adjusting a grinding machine with improved economy, reliability and safety at work. In particular, a faster, less error-prone and safer transition of workpieces to be ground between the loading unit and the grinding unit should be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Justiervorrichtung für eine Schleifmaschine gemäß Anspruch 1, einer Schleifmaschine gemäß Anspruch 17 und einem Verfahren zum Justieren einer Schleifmaschine gemäß Anspruch 18 gelöst.This object is achieved with an adjusting device for a grinding machine according to claim 1, a grinding machine according to claim 17 and a method for adjusting a grinding machine according to claim 18.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Justiervorrichtung für eine Schleifmaschine, insbesondere Federendenschleifmaschine, nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by an adjusting device for a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, according to claim 1.
Insbesondere bewegt sich ein Werkstückende, insbesondere Federende, eines im Ladeteller aufgenommenen Werkstücks außerhalb des Schleifbereichs unmittelbar vor Eintritt in den Schleifbereich bei Drehung des Ladetellers in einer Werkstückstirnebene.In particular, a workpiece end, in particular a spring end, of a workpiece received in the loading plate moves outside the grinding area immediately before entering the grinding area when the loading plate is rotated in a workpiece face plane.
Der mindestens eine Ladeteller kann in einem Drehtisch gelagert sein, der um eine Drehachse, die parallel zur Drehachse des Ladetellers verläuft, drehbar gelagert ist. Dadurch wäre der Ladeteller durch Drehung des Drehtischs von einer Ladeposition in eine Schleifposition verfahrbar. Es können mehrere Ladeteller, insbesondere drei oder vier Ladeteller, vorzugsweise aber zwei Ladeteller, vorgesehen sein, die vorzugsweise gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Drehtisches und weiter vorzugsweise im gleichen radialen Abstand zur Drehachse des Drehtisches angeordnet sein können. Ein Drehtisch könnte prinzipiell höhenverstellbar gestaltet sein.The at least one loading plate can be mounted in a turntable which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation that runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the loading plate. As a result, the loading plate could be moved from a loading position to a grinding position by rotating the turntable. Several loading plates, in particular three or four loading plates, but preferably two loading plates, can be provided, which can be arranged preferably evenly over the circumference of the turntable and more preferably at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the turntable. A turntable could in principle be designed to be height-adjustable.
Der Ladeteller kann austauschbar und/oder höhenverstellbar gestaltet sein, beispielsweise durch eine axial entlang seiner Drehachse verschiebliche Lagerung auf einer Ladetellerwelle, vorzugsweise mit einer Feder- Nut-Verbindung. Es kann ein doppel- oder mehrstöckiger Ladeteller vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise ist der Ladeteller kreiszylinderförmig und/oder unbegrenzt drehbar, insbesondere taktweise oder kontinuierlich um seine Drehachse drehbar, wobei er beispielsweise durch einen Servomotor über eine Ladetellerwelle gedreht werden kann.The loading plate can be designed to be exchangeable and / or height-adjustable, for example by a mounting on a loading plate shaft that is axially displaceable along its axis of rotation, preferably with a tongue and groove connection. A double or multi-storey loading plate can be provided. The loading plate can preferably be rotated in the shape of a circular cylinder and / or indefinitely, in particular in cycles or continuously rotatable about its axis of rotation, whereby it can be rotated, for example, by a servomotor via a loading plate shaft.
Unter dem Begriff "Aufnahme" von Werkstücken kann die lose oder feste Fixierung von zu schleifenden bzw. geschliffenen Werkstücken auf oder in dem Ladeteller, vorzugsweise in einer Aufnahmeöffnung, verstanden werden. Beispielsweise sind die Aufnahmeöffnungen als Durchgangsbohrungen in axialer Richtung des Ladetellers in dem Ladeteller ausgeführt, so dass insbesondere zylindrische Werkstücke, vorzugsweise Schraubenfedern, lose in eine Aufnahmeöffnung eingesteckt bzw. eingelegt werden kann. Eine Aufnahmeöffnung könnte auch in einer Halte- oder Klemmvorrichtung ausgebildet sein, die auf dem Ladeteller zur Aufnahme eines Werkstücks angebracht sein könnte. Die Vielzahl von Aufnahmeöffnungen kann voneinander verschieden sein, insbesondere unterschiedliche Tiefe und/oder Durchmesser aufweisen, oder gleich ausgebildet sein. Eine Aufnahmeöffnung könnte auch durch eine Vertiefung oder einen Hohlraum im Ladeteller in der Oberfläche des Ladetellers gebildet werden.The term “receiving” of workpieces can be understood to mean the loose or fixed fixing of workpieces to be ground or ground on or in the loading plate, preferably in a receiving opening. For example, the receiving openings are designed as through bores in the axial direction of the loading plate in the loading plate, so that in particular cylindrical workpieces, preferably helical springs, can be loosely plugged into a receiving opening. A receiving opening could also be formed in a holding or clamping device which could be attached to the loading plate for receiving a workpiece. The multiplicity of receiving openings can be different from one another, in particular have different depths and / or diameters, or be designed identically. A receiving opening could also be formed by a recess or a cavity in the loading plate in the surface of the loading plate.
Die Werkstücke können beliebige Gestalt und Werkstoffe aufweisen, die erfindungsgemäße Justiervorrichtung ist aber insbesondere für eine Schleifmaschine zum Schleifen von Federn, vorzugsweise Schraubenfedern, weiter vorzugsweise Schraubendruckfedern, insbesondere zum Einsatz für eine Federendenschleifmaschine, besonders gut geeignet. Schraubendruckfedern können aus gewickeltem oder gewundenem Draht, vorzugsweise aus metallischen Werkstoffen, hergestellt sein. Schraubendruckfedern können beispielsweise zylindrisch, konisch, oder doppelt konisch sein und unterschiedliche Durchmesser und/oder Längen haben.The workpieces can have any shape and material, but the adjusting device according to the invention is particularly well suited for a grinding machine for grinding springs, preferably helical springs, more preferably helical compression springs, in particular for use in a spring end grinding machine. Helical compression springs can be made of wound or wound wire, preferably of metallic materials. Helical compression springs can for example be cylindrical, conical, or double conical and have different diameters and / or lengths.
Die Aufnahmeöffnungen sind exzentrisch, also außerhalb der Drehachse des Ladetellers, angeordnet. Durch die exzentrische Anordnung bewegt sich eine Aufnahmeöffnung bei Drehung des Ladetellers entlang einer Kreisbahn um die Drehachse des Ladetellers. Falls der Ladeteller in einem Drehtisch drehbar gelagert ist, bewegt sich die Drehachse des Ladetellers bei Drehung des Drehtisches entlang einer Kreisbahn um die Drehachse des Drehtisches, wodurch sich die Bewegung einer Aufnahmeöffnung bzw. eines darin aufgenommenen Werkstücks, aus der Überlagerung der Drehung des Drehtisches und der Drehung des Ladetellers ergeben würde. Gemäß einem noch allgemeineren Gedanken der Erfindung, könnte der Ladeteller auch rein translatorisch, oder rotatorisch und translatorisch gelagert sein, wodurch in den Aufnahmeöffnungen aufgenommene Werkstücke zumindest teilweise entlang linearer Bahnen verfahren werden können.The receiving openings are eccentric, that is to say outside the axis of rotation of the loading plate. Due to the eccentric arrangement, a receiving opening moves when the loading plate is rotated along a circular path around the axis of rotation of the loading plate. If the loading plate is rotatably mounted in a turntable, the axis of rotation of the loading plate moves when the turntable is rotated along a circular path around the axis of rotation of the turntable, whereby the movement of a receiving opening or a workpiece received therein results from the superimposition of the rotation of the turntable and the rotation of the loading plate. According to an even more general idea of the invention, the loading plate could also be mounted purely translationally, or rotationally and translationally, whereby workpieces received in the receiving openings can be moved at least partially along linear paths.
Die, vorzugsweise kreiszylinderförmige, mindestens eine drehbar gelagerte Schleifscheibe kann, beispielsweise über eine angetriebene Schleifspindel, in Rotation um ihre Drehachse versetzt werden. Die Schleifscheibe ist, beispielsweise über ihre Schleifspindel, durch einen Stellantrieb, beispielsweise einen Servomotor, axial verfahrbar. Unter parallelen Drehachsen kann eine Parallelität im Rahmen der Fertigungstoleranzen angenommen werden. Die Drehachse der mindestens einen Schleifscheibe kann aber auch geringfügig zur Drehachse des Ladetellers verkippt ausgeführt sein, beispielsweise um im Betrieb der Schleifmaschine im Durchlaufschleifverfahren den Schleifabtrag einzustellen.The, preferably circular cylindrical, at least one rotatably mounted grinding wheel can be set in rotation about its axis of rotation, for example via a driven grinding spindle. The grinding wheel can be moved axially, for example via its grinding spindle, by an actuator, for example a servomotor. With parallel axes of rotation, parallelism can be assumed within the scope of the manufacturing tolerances. The axis of rotation of the at least one grinding wheel can, however, also be designed to be tilted slightly relative to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, for example in order to adjust the grinding removal when the grinding machine is in operation in the continuous grinding process.
Der mindestens eine Ladeteller und die mindestens eine Schleifscheibe sind so zueinander angeordnet, dass ein radialer Überlappungsbereich des Ladetellers mit der Schleifscheibe entsteht, der einen Schleifbereich begrenzt. Insbesondere ist der Ladeteller in axialer Richtung über der Schleifscheibe, vorzugsweise zwischen zwei Schleifscheiben, angeordnet, wodurch sich aus der Lage der Drehachsen und den Durchmessern der vorzugsweise kreiszylinderförmigen Ladeteller und Schleifscheiben ein Bereich ergibt, in dem sich der Ladeteller mit den Schleifscheiben in radialer Richtung überlappt. In diesem radialen Überlappungsbereich, insbesondere zwischen den Schleifscheiben, können in dem Ladeteller aufgenommene Werkstücke mit Schleifflächen der mindestens einen Schleifscheibe in Schleifkontakt kommen. Der Schleifbereich ist insbesondere distal durch die beiden Schleifscheiben begrenzt, insbesondere unten durch die Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe und oben durch die Schleiffläche der oberen Schleifscheibe. Durch Drehung des Ladetellers kann mindestens ein in dem Ladeteller aufgenommenes Werkstück zum Schleifen in den Schleifbereich von außerhalb des Schleifbereichs eingefahren werden und/oder nach dem Schleifen aus dem Schleifbereich aus dem Schleifbereich heraus ausgefahren werden. Gemäß einem allgemeineren Gedanken der Erfindung könnte dies auch durch eine translatorische Verschiebung oder eine überlagerte rotatorische oder translatorische Bewegung des Ladetellers erfolgen.The at least one loading plate and the at least one grinding wheel are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that a radial overlap area of the loading plate with the grinding wheel is created, which delimits a grinding area. In particular, the loading plate is arranged in the axial direction above the grinding wheel, preferably between two grinding wheels, as a result of which the position of the axes of rotation and the diameters of the preferably circular-cylindrical loading plate and grinding wheels result in an area in which the loading plate overlaps with the grinding wheels in the radial direction . In this radial overlap area, in particular between the grinding wheels, workpieces received in the loading plate can come into sliding contact with grinding surfaces of the at least one grinding wheel. The grinding area is in particular delimited distally by the two grinding wheels, in particular at the bottom by the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel and at the top by the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel. By rotating the loading plate, at least one workpiece received in the loading plate can be moved into the grinding area from outside the grinding area for grinding and / or moved out of the grinding area after grinding. According to a more general concept of the invention, this could also be done by a translational displacement or a superimposed rotary or translational movement of the loading plate.
Unter einer "Werkstückstirnebene" kann eine Ebene verstanden werden, in der sich ein Werkstückende, also ein an einem Ende eines Werkstücks befindlicher Punkt, bewegt. Bei einem zylinderförmigen Werkstück beschreiben beispielsweise alle Punkte der Stirnfläche des Werkstücks eine Kreisbahn, wenn das Werkstück relativ zum Ladeteller fest in einer Aufnahmeöffnung aufgenommen ist und der Ladeteller rotiert, wobei die Kreisbahnen die Werkstückstirnebene definieren würden. Bei einer Schraubenfeder würde beispielsweise jeweils ein Drahtende, insbesondere der in axialer Richtung der Schrauben äußerste Punkt, eine Werkstückstirnebene definieren, wenn die Schraubenfeder in einer Aufnahmeöffnung des Ladetellers aufgenommen ist und durch dessen Drehung mitbewegt wird. Dabei kann sowohl ein freies Ende der Schraubenfeder auf einer Trajektorie in einer Ebene bewegt werden und dabei eine Werkstückstirnebene definieren, als auch ein, beispielsweise an einem Plattenabschnitt anliegendes Ende einer Schraubenfeder, das insbesondere an einer Gleitfläche entlanggleitend bewegt wird. Ein in einem Ladenteller aufgenommenes Werkstück, das insbesondere mit beiden Werkstückenden über die Stirnseite des Ladetellers hinausragt, beschreibt zwei Werkstückstirnebenen, die insbesondere senkrecht auf die Drehachse des Ladetellers stehen, insbesondere eine obere und eine untere Werkstückstirnebene. Ein Werkstück könnte in einer Aufnahmeöffnung des Ladetellers in einer festen axialen Position gehalten werden oder lose in eine Aufnahmeöffnung eingesetzt sein, so dass die axiale Position beispielsweise durch das Anliegen eines Werkstückendes an einer ebenen Gleitfläche, die senkrecht auf die Drehachse des Ladetellers steht, festgelegt ist. Die Werkstückstirnebene, in der sich ein Werkstückende bewegt, kann sich zeitlich ändern, beispielsweise wenn sich die axiale Position des Werkstücks relativ zum Ladeteller ändert. Beispielsweise kann die Werkstückstirnebene außerhalb des Schleifbereichs von der Werkstückstirnebene innerhalb des Schleifbereichs abweichen, insbesondere wenn sich das Werkstück relativ zum Ladeteller axial verschiebt oder sich die Länge des Werkstücks, beispielsweise durch den Schleifprozess, ändert. Unter einer Werkstückstirnebene außerhalb des Schleifbereichs kann die Werkstückstirnebene verstanden werden, die ein Werkstückende, insbesondere eines ungeschliffenen Werkstücks, insbesondere eine ungeschliffene Schraubenfeder, beschreibt, unmittelbar bevor es/sie durch Drehung des Ladetellers zum Schleifen in den Schleifbereich eingefahren wird.A “workpiece front plane” can be understood to mean a plane in which a workpiece end, that is to say a point located at one end of a workpiece, moves. In the case of a cylindrical workpiece, for example, all points on the end face of the workpiece describe a circular path when the workpiece is firmly held in a receiving opening relative to the loading plate and the loading plate rotates, the circular paths defining the workpiece end plane. In the case of a helical spring, for example, each wire end, in particular the outermost point in the axial direction of the screws, would define a workpiece end plane if the helical spring is received in a receiving opening in the loading plate and is moved along by its rotation. Both a free end of the helical spring can be moved on a trajectory in a plane and thereby define a workpiece front plane, as well as an end of a helical spring resting against a plate section, for example, which is particularly moved along a sliding surface. A workpiece accommodated in a loading plate, which in particular protrudes with both workpiece ends over the face of the loading plate, describes two workpiece end planes which are in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, in particular an upper and a lower workpiece end plane. A workpiece could be held in a fixed axial position in a receiving opening of the loading plate or loosely inserted into a receiving opening, so that the axial position is fixed, for example, by the contact of a workpiece end on a flat sliding surface that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate . The workpiece front plane in which a workpiece end moves can change over time, for example if the axial position of the workpiece changes relative to the loading plate. For example, the workpiece face outside the grinding area can deviate from the workpiece face within the grinding area, in particular if the workpiece moves axially relative to the loading plate or the length of the workpiece changes, for example due to the grinding process. A workpiece front plane outside the grinding area can be understood to mean the workpiece front plane which describes a workpiece end, in particular an unpolished workpiece, in particular an unpolished helical spring, immediately before it is moved into the grinding area by rotating the loading plate for grinding.
Die Versatzerfassungseinheit kann durch Bilderfassung, insbesondere eines 3D-Bildes, einen Versatz zwischen einer Werkstückstirnebene und einer Schleiffläche erfassen.The offset detection unit can detect an offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface by image recording, in particular a 3D image.
Unter dem Versatz zwischen einer Schleiffläche und einer Werkstückstirnebene kann der Abstand verstanden werden, der zwischen einer durch die Schleiffläche definierten Ebene und einer Werkstückstirnebene, in der sich ein Werkstückende eines am Ladeteller aufgenommenen Werkstücks außerhalb des Schleifbereichs bewegt, besteht. Insbesondere bei vertikal verlaufender Drehachse des Ladetellers stellt der Versatz einen Höhenversatz, insbesondere eine Höhendifferenz, zwischen einer Schleiffläche der Schleifscheibe und einer Werkstückstirnebene außerhalb des Schleifbereichs dar. Ein Versatz kann, beispielsweise wenn die Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe höher liegt als das untere Werkstückende eines Werkstücks, bei Eintritt des Werkstücks durch Drehung des Ladetellers in den Schleifbereich zu einer Kollision mit der Schleifscheibe führen. Der Versatz kann aber auch null betragen, wenn die Schleiffläche und das Werkstückende in einer Ebene liegen, also insbesondere auf einer Höhe liegen. Ein Versatz kann aber auch, beispielsweise wenn die Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifebene tiefer liegt als ein Werkstückende außerhalb des Schleifbereichs, dazu führen, dass ein Werkstück bei Eintritt in den Schleifbereich sich in axialer Richtung zum Ladeteller, insbesondere aufgrund seines Eigengewichts, verschiebt, insbesondere nach unten rutscht bis es an der Schleiffläche aufsteht. Sowohl ein erfasster, insbesondere gemessener, Versatzwert als auch ein gewünschter, insbesondere einstellbarer, Versatzwert kann positive oder negative Werte, oder genau den Wert null annehmen. Insbesondere für Schraubenfedern aus sehr dünnem Draht, beispielsweise einer Stärke von 0,5 bis 0,7 mm, ist es wünschenswert, den Versatz auf null, oder annähernd null, einzustellen. Insbesondere für Schraubenfedern aus dickerem Draht kann es wünschenswert sein, einen Versatz von bis zu einem Millimeter oder größer einzustellen. Die Erfassung und/oder Einstellung des Versatzes erfolgt vorzugsweise mit einer Genauigkeit von 1/100 mm.The offset between a grinding surface and a workpiece front plane can be understood as the distance between a plane defined by the grinding surface and a workpiece front plane in which a workpiece end of a workpiece held on the loading plate is outside the grinding area moves, exists. In particular, when the axis of rotation of the loading plate runs vertically, the offset represents a height offset, in particular a height difference, between a grinding surface of the grinding wheel and a workpiece face outside the grinding area. An offset can, for example, if the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel is higher than the lower workpiece end of a workpiece, when the workpiece enters the grinding area by rotating the loading plate, this can lead to a collision with the grinding wheel. However, the offset can also be zero if the grinding surface and the end of the workpiece lie in one plane, that is, in particular, lie at the same height. However, an offset can also, for example if the grinding surface of the lower grinding level is lower than a workpiece end outside the grinding area, cause a workpiece to move in the axial direction towards the loading plate when entering the grinding area, in particular due to its own weight, in particular downwards slides until it rests on the sanding surface. Both a detected, in particular measured, offset value and a desired, in particular adjustable, offset value can assume positive or negative values, or precisely the value zero. In particular for coil springs made of very thin wire, for example a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm, it is desirable to set the offset to zero, or approximately zero. In particular for coil springs made of thicker wire, it can be desirable to set an offset of up to one millimeter or greater. The detection and / or setting of the offset is preferably carried out with an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
Im Durchlaufverfahren werden kontinuierlich oder taktweise Federn in den Schleifbereich eingefahren, so dass hier eine möglichst genaue Nivellierung zwischen dem Ladetisch und der Schleifscheibe erforderlich sein kann, um ein möglichst störungsfreies bzw. sanftes Einfahren der Feder bei für den Durchlaufschleifprozess optimal eingestellten Schleifscheiben zu gewährleisten. Im Zustellverfahren kann ein unnötig großer initialer Abstand zwischen den Schleifscheiben, um ein störungsfreies bzw. sanftes Einfahren von Federn zu ermöglichen, dazu führen, dass vor Beginn des Schleifens insbesondere die obere Schleifscheibe unnötig weit auf das obere Federende zugestellt werden muss, was die Effizienz des Schleifprozesses beeinträchtigen würde.In the continuous process, springs are continuously or intermittently inserted into the grinding area, so that the most precise possible leveling between the loading table and the grinding wheel may be necessary in order to ensure that the spring is inserted as smoothly and smoothly as possible when the grinding wheels are optimally set for the through-feed grinding process. In the infeed process, an unnecessarily large initial distance between the grinding wheels, in order to enable trouble-free or gentle retraction of springs, can mean that the upper grinding wheel in particular has to be advanced unnecessarily far to the upper end of the spring before starting grinding, which reduces the efficiency of the The grinding process.
Der Höhenversatz zwischen einem Werkstückende außerhalb des Schleifbereichs, beispielsweise eines auf einer Tischplatte aufliegenden unteren Werkstückendes, und einer Schleiffläche hängt beispielsweise von der Anordnung bzw. der Ausrichtung der Tischplatte und einer Schleifscheibe zueinander, dem Verschleiß der Tischplattenoberfläche, dem Abrieb jeder der beiden Schleifscheiben, der Höhe der Tischplatte, der Dicke der Schleifscheiben, der axialen Stellung und der Schrägstellung bzw. Verkippung einer Schleifscheibe, der thermischen Ausdehnung einer Schleifscheibe, der ungleichmäßigen Abnutzung einer Schleifscheibe in radialer Richtung, der Art der Halterung eines Werkstücks im Ladeteller und der Werkstücklänge ab.The height offset between a workpiece end outside the grinding area, for example a lower workpiece end resting on a table top, and a grinding surface depends, for example, on the arrangement or alignment of the table top and a grinding wheel with respect to one another, the wear on the table top surface, the abrasion of each of the two grinding wheels, the height the table top, the thickness of the grinding wheels, the axial position and the inclination or tilting of a grinding wheel, the thermal expansion of a grinding wheel, the uneven wear of a grinding wheel in the radial direction, the type of mounting of a workpiece in the loading plate and the workpiece length.
Die erfindungsgemäße Justiervorrichtung hat den Vorteil, dass ein Versatz von der Versatzerfassungseinheit erfasst wird und eine Schleifscheibe durch den Stellantrieb axial verfahren werden kann, beispielsweise um den erfassten Versatz zu überwachen oder einen gewünschten Versatz einzustellen. Dadurch muss der Versatz nicht durch einen Bediener der Schleifmaschine selbst erfasst werden, beispielsweise durch einen Blick in den Schleifbereich, wodurch ein Sicherheitsrisiko für den Bediener, beispielsweise durch eine Berührung rotierender Teile, Funkenflug oder Schleifpartikel, vermieden werden kann. Außerdem kann eine Schleifscheibe so justiert werden, dass ein Einfahren bzw. Ausfahren eines Werkstücks in den bzw. aus dem Schleifbereich optimiert wird, insbesondere indem Kollisionen mit Schleifscheiben, Beschädigung der Werkstücke und ein übertrieben großzügiges Sicherheitsspiel zwischen den Schleifscheiben und den Werkstücken vermieden werden kann. Dadurch ist ein schnelles Einfahren der Werkstücke in den Schleifbereich bei einer für den Schleifprozess optimalen Positionierung der Schleifscheiben möglich. Dadurch wird die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Schleifprozesses erhöht.The adjustment device according to the invention has the advantage that an offset is detected by the offset detection unit and a grinding wheel can be moved axially by the actuator, for example in order to monitor the detected offset or to set a desired offset. As a result, the offset does not have to be detected by an operator of the grinding machine himself, for example by looking into the grinding area, whereby a safety risk for the operator, for example by touching rotating parts, flying sparks or grinding particles, can be avoided. In addition, a grinding wheel can be adjusted in such a way that moving a workpiece into or out of the grinding area is optimized, in particular by avoiding collisions with grinding wheels, damage to the workpieces and an excessive safety clearance between the grinding wheels and the workpieces. This enables the workpieces to be moved quickly into the grinding area with the grinding wheels positioned optimally for the grinding process. This increases the profitability of the grinding process.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung grenzt der Plattenabschnitt (33, 34) an eine Schleifscheibe (41, 42) an. Insbesondere weist der Plattenabschnitt eine Oberfläche auf, die eine Gleitfläche bildet, auf der ein Werkstück durch Drehung des Ladetellers und/oder eines Drehtisches entlanggleiten kann. Bei Anliegen eines Werkstückendes an der Gleitfläche, definiert die Gleitfläche eine Werkstückstirnebene bzw. fällt mit dieser zusammen. Der Plattenabschnitt kann räumlich feststehend oder, insbesondere in der Höhe, also in axialer Richtung des Ladetellers, verschieblich ausgeführt sein, wobei sich der Ladeteller und/oder ein Drehtisch und die Schleifscheibe relativ zum Plattenabschnitt bewegt, insbesondere drehen kann. Der Plattenabschnitt hat insbesondere die Funktion, eine Abstützfläche für ein Werkstückende zu bilden, wobei sich ein Werkstückende von oben auf oder von unten an den Plattenabschnitt aufstützen bzw. andrücken kann. Zwischen dem Plattenabschnitt und der Schleifscheibe besteht insbesondere ein schmaler Spalt, wobei die Gleitfläche gegenüber der Schleiffläche, insbesondere in der Höhe, also in axialer Richtung des Ladetellers, versetzt sein kann. Ein Plattenabschnitt hat den Vorteil, dass ein Werkstück lose in einer Aufnahmeöffnung des Ladetellers aufgenommen sein kann, wobei es durch den Plattenabschnitt in einer festen axialen Position relativ zum Ladeteller festgelegt wird. Ein Werkstück kann dadurch mit einem Werkstückende auf der Gleitfläche entlang gleitend zum Schleifbereichs hin bzw. vom Schleifbereich weg transportiert werden.In an advantageous further development of the invention, the plate section (33, 34) adjoins a grinding wheel (41, 42). In particular, the plate section has a surface which forms a sliding surface on which a workpiece can slide by rotating the loading plate and / or a turntable. When one end of the workpiece is in contact with the sliding surface, the sliding surface defines a workpiece front plane or coincides with it. The plate section can be spatially fixed or, in particular vertically, i.e. in the axial direction of the loading plate, can be designed to be displaceable, the loading plate and / or a turntable and the grinding wheel moving, in particular being able to rotate, relative to the plate section. The plate section in particular has the function of forming a support surface for a workpiece end, wherein a workpiece end can be supported or pressed against the plate section from above or from below. In particular, there is one between the plate section and the grinding wheel narrow gap, whereby the sliding surface can be offset with respect to the grinding surface, in particular in height, i.e. in the axial direction of the loading plate. A plate section has the advantage that a workpiece can be loosely received in a receiving opening of the loading plate, it being fixed by the plate section in a fixed axial position relative to the loading plate. A workpiece can thereby be transported with one workpiece end sliding along the sliding surface towards the grinding area or away from the grinding area.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung steht ein Werkstückende, insbesondere ein unteres Federende, auf dem Plattenabschnitt, insbesondere von oben, auf, wobei der Plattenabschnitt insbesondere als Tischplatte ausgeführt ist und eine Werkstückstirnebene durch die Gleitfläche definiert ist. Die Tischplatte kann beispielsweise kranzförmig konzentrisch um einen Drehtisch, mit diesem bündig abschließend, angeordnet sein, in dem der Ladeteller drehbar gelagert ist. Die Tischplatte kann aber auch, beispielsweise bei einer Schleifmaschine mit nur einem Ladeteller, als eine kranzförmige Platte ausgebildet sein, die konzentrisch um die Drehachse des Ladetellers angeordnet ist. Mit ihrer Oberseite kann die Tischplatte eine Gleitfläche für die unteren Werkstückenden der im Ladeteller aufgenommenen Werkstücke bilden. Die Tischplatte kann mehrteilig ausgeführt sein, wobei auch nur ein Teil der Tischplatte, insbesondere der der Schleifscheibe zugewandte Abschnitt, als der Plattenabschnitt verstanden werden kann. Die Werkstücke können mit ihrem Eigengewicht auf der Tischplatte aufliegen, oder, im Fall von Schraubenfedern aufgrund einer Kompression, durch die Federkraft zusätzlich auf die Tischplatte gedrückt werden. Insbesondere definiert die Oberfläche der Tischplatte die untere Werkstückstirnebene.In an advantageous development of the invention, a workpiece end, in particular a lower spring end, rests on the plate section, in particular from above, the plate section being designed in particular as a table top and a workpiece end plane being defined by the sliding surface. The table top can, for example, be arranged concentrically in a ring around a turntable, flush with the turntable, in which the loading plate is rotatably mounted. The table top can also, for example in the case of a grinding machine with only one loading plate, be designed as an annular plate which is arranged concentrically around the axis of rotation of the loading plate. With its upper side, the table top can form a sliding surface for the lower workpiece ends of the workpieces received in the loading plate. The table top can be designed in several parts, with only part of the table top, in particular the section facing the grinding wheel, being understood as the plate section. The workpieces can rest on the table top with their own weight or, in the case of helical springs, due to compression, can also be pressed onto the table top by the spring force. In particular, the surface of the table top defines the lower workpiece front plane.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung drückt sich ein Werkstückende, insbesondere ein oberes Federende, an den Plattenabschnitt einer, vorzugsweise höhenverstellbaren, Einlaufvorrichtung, insbesondere einer abgeschrägten Einlaufplatte, insbesondere von unten, an, wobei eine obere Werkstückstirnebene durch die Gleitfläche definiert ist. Eine Einlaufvorrichtung kann vorgesehen sein, um das Einfahren von Werkstücken in den Schleifbereich, insbesondere im Bereich des oberen Werkstückendes, zu erleichtern. Die Einlaufvorrichtung kann relativ verschieblich zur oberen Schleifscheibe höhenverstellbar ausgeführt sein. Die Einlaufvorrichtung kann an einer höhenverstellbaren Frontplatte oder an einem, insbesondere dazu wiederum höhenverstellbaren, Schleifkammerschild gelagert sein und beidseitig am Schleifbereich, jeweils auf der Seite der einfahrenden und der ausfahrenden Werkstücke, vorgesehen sein. Eine Einlaufplatte weist vorzugsweise einen gegenüber dem, insbesondere horizontal verlaufenden, Plattenabschnitt abgeschrägten Abschnitt auf, über den insbesondere eine einfahrende Schraubenfeder kontinuierlich komprimiert werden kann. Der Plattenabschnitt kann auch als eine schmale untere Kante eines Einlaufblechs ausgebildet sein. Bei Anliegen des oberen Werkstückendes an dem Plattenabschnitt wird die obere Werkstückstirnebene durch die Gleitfläche des Plattenabschnitts definiert. Ein Versatz kann aber auch zwischen einem freien Ende eines Werkstücks, beispielsweise wenn die Einlaufvorrichtung weiter nach oben gefahren ist, und der Schleiffläche der oberen Schleifscheibe bestehen. Es ist denkbar, dass die Versatzerfassungseinheit alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu geeignet ist, einen Versatz zwischen einer Werkstückstirnebene und dem Plattenabschnitt der Einlaufvorrichtung, insbesondere einer Unterkante einer Einlaufplatte, zu erfassen. Durch eine, insbesondere auf den Schleifbereich angepasste, Einlaufvorrichtung, kann beispielsweise eine Schraubenfeder bereits vor dem Einfahren in den Schleifbereich auf ein gewünschtes Längenmaß komprimiert werden, so dass sich die Feder von unten an die Einlaufvorrichtung bzw. den Plattenabschnitt andrückt und an diesem entlang in den Schleifbereich gleiten kann. Auf diese Weise kann unmittelbar nach dem Einfahren in den Schleifbereich ein gewünschter Schleifdruck durch die Schleifflächen der bereits geeignet zugestellten Schleifscheiben auf die Federenden aufgebracht werden. Durch die Erfassung des Versatzes zwischen der oberen Werkstückstirnebene, insbesondere der Gleitfläche des Plattenabschnitts einer Einlaufvorrichtung und der Schleiffläche der oberen Schleifscheibe, kann die obere Schleifscheibe so justiert werden, dass ein störungsfreies Einfahren eines Werkstücks in den Schleifbereich, auch bei bereits vorkomprimierter Schraubenfeder, gewährleistet ist und ein unnötig großer Sicherheitsabstand zwischen der oberen Schleifscheibe und dem oberen Werkstückende beim Einfahren vermieden werden kann. Dadurch wird ein wirtschaftlicheres, insbesondere schnelleres Schleifen der Werkstücke ermöglicht.In an advantageous development of the invention, a workpiece end, in particular an upper spring end, presses against the plate section of a preferably height-adjustable inlet device, in particular a beveled inlet plate, in particular from below, an upper workpiece front plane being defined by the sliding surface. An inlet device can be provided in order to facilitate the entry of workpieces into the grinding area, in particular in the area of the upper end of the workpiece. The inlet device can be designed to be adjustable in height relative to the upper grinding wheel. The infeed device can be mounted on a height-adjustable front plate or on a grinding chamber shield, in particular height-adjustable, and provided on both sides of the grinding area, on the side of the incoming and outgoing workpieces. An inlet plate preferably has a section which is beveled with respect to the, in particular horizontally running, plate section, via which section, in particular, a retracting helical spring can be continuously compressed. The plate section can also be designed as a narrow lower edge of an inlet plate. When the upper end of the workpiece rests against the plate section, the upper workpiece front plane is defined by the sliding surface of the plate section. However, there can also be an offset between a free end of a workpiece, for example when the inlet device has moved further upwards, and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel. It is conceivable that the offset detection unit is alternatively or additionally suitable for detecting an offset between a workpiece front plane and the plate section of the inlet device, in particular a lower edge of an inlet plate. By means of an inlet device, especially adapted to the grinding area, a helical spring, for example, can already be compressed to a desired length before entering the grinding area, so that the spring presses against the inlet device or the plate section from below and along this into the Grinding area can slide. In this way, immediately after entering the grinding area, a desired grinding pressure can be applied to the spring ends through the grinding surfaces of the grinding wheels that have already been suitably fed. By detecting the offset between the upper workpiece front plane, in particular the sliding surface of the plate section of an inlet device and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel, the upper grinding wheel can be adjusted in such a way that a problem-free entry of a workpiece into the grinding area is guaranteed, even if the helical spring is already pre-compressed and an unnecessarily large safety distance between the upper grinding wheel and the upper end of the workpiece during retraction can be avoided. This enables more economical, in particular faster, grinding of the workpieces.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Plattenabschnitt an die Umfangskontur der Schleifscheibe angepasst, weist insbesondere eine kreissegmentförmige Ausnehmung auf. Der Plattenabschnitt kann sich insbesondere entlang eines Teils des Umfangs der Schleifscheibe erstrecken, so dass sich ein kreisbogenförmiger Spalt zwischen dem Plattenabschnitt und der Schleifscheibe ausbildet, über den die Gleitfläche des Plattenabschnitts gegenüber der Schleiffläche der Schleifscheibe versetzt sein kann. Vorteilhafterweise erstreckt sich der Plattenabschnitt mindestens bis zum Rand des Ladetellers, insbesondere der untere Plattenabschnitt über die ganze Breite des Schleifbereichs, so dass auch Werkstücke, die in einer äußeren Aufnahmeöffnung des Ladetellers aufgenommen sind, an der Gleitfläche anliegend über den Spalt hinweg in den Schleifbereich eingefahren werden können bzw. aus dem Schleifbereich über den Spalt hinweg zu der Gleitfläche hin ausgefahren werden können.In an advantageous development of the invention, the plate section is adapted to the circumferential contour of the grinding wheel, in particular has a recess in the shape of a segment of a circle. The plate section can in particular extend along part of the circumference of the grinding wheel, so that a circular arc-shaped gap is formed between the plate section and the grinding wheel, via which the sliding surface of the plate section can be offset from the grinding surface of the grinding wheel. The plate section advantageously extends at least up to the edge of the loading plate, in particular the lower plate section over the entire width of the grinding area, so that Workpieces, which are received in an outer receiving opening of the loading plate, can be moved into the grinding area adjacent to the sliding surface over the gap or can be extended out of the grinding area over the gap to the sliding surface.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Versatzerfassungseinheit außerhalb, vorzugsweise seitlich, des Schleifbereichs, angeordnet. Dadurch ist die Versatzerfassungseinheit vor Beschädigung durch Funkenflug und Verschmutzung und Beeinträchtigung durch anfallendem Schleifstaub bzw. Schleifpartikeln geschützt. Die Versatzerfassungseinheit bzw. einzelne Komponenten davon, beispielsweise Sensoren, können vor, insbesondere auf der dem Ladeteller zugewandten Seite, oder dahinter, insbesondere auf der dem Ladeteller abgewandten Seite, des Schleifbereichs oder an den Seiten, insbesondere in etwa auf Höhe der Schleifscheiben bzw. der Gleitflächen oder Werkstückstirnebenen angeordnet sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Versatzerfassungseinheit seitlich des Schleifbereichs, insbesondere außerhalb der Schleifscheiben, angeordnet. Die Versatzerfassungseinheit wird auf diese Weise in ihrer Funktionsweise nicht beeinträchtigt und kann einen Versatz zuverlässig und genau erfassen.In an advantageous development of the invention, the offset detection unit is arranged outside, preferably laterally, of the grinding area. As a result, the offset detection unit is protected against damage from flying sparks and contamination and impairment from grinding dust or grinding particles. The offset detection unit or individual components thereof, for example sensors, can be in front of, in particular on the side facing the loading plate, or behind it, in particular on the side facing away from the loading plate, of the grinding area or on the sides, in particular at about the level of the grinding wheels or the Be arranged sliding surfaces or workpiece front planes. The offset detection unit is preferably arranged to the side of the grinding area, in particular outside the grinding wheels. The operation of the displacement detection unit is not impaired in this way and can detect an displacement reliably and precisely.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit, insbesondere getrennt voneinander,
- den Versatz zwischen einer ersten Werkstückstirnebene eines oberen Werkstückendes, insbesondere der Gleitfläche der Einlaufvorrichtung, und einer Schleiffläche einer oberen Schleifscheibe und/oder
- den Versatz zwischen einer zweiten Werkstückstirnebene eines unteren Werkstückendes, insbesondere der Gleitfläche der Tischplatte, und einer Schleiffläche einer unteren Schleifscheibe.
- the offset between a first workpiece front plane of an upper workpiece end, in particular the sliding surface of the inlet device, and a grinding surface of an upper grinding wheel and / or
- the offset between a second workpiece face plane of a lower workpiece end, in particular the sliding surface of the table top, and a grinding surface of a lower grinding wheel.
Die Versatzerfassungseinheit umfasst Bilderfassungseinrichtungen, die auf Höhe eines oberen Versatzes und/oder eines unteren Versatzes angeordnet sind, um den jeweiligen Versatz getrennt voneinander zu erfassen. Es ist aber auch denkbar, beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Bilderfassungseinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Kamera, den oberen und den unteren Versatz zusammen, insbesondere in einem Bild, zu erfassen. Mehrere Sensoren der Versatzerfassungseinheit, insbesondere zwei Sensoren, können jeweils zur Erfassung eines unteren Vesatzwertes und mehrere Sensoren zur Erfassung eines oberen Vesatzwertes vorgesehen sein.The offset detection unit comprises image detection devices which are arranged at the level of an upper offset and / or a lower offset in order to detect the respective offset separately from one another. However, it is also conceivable, for example with the aid of an image acquisition device, for example a camera, to acquire the upper and lower offset together, in particular in one image. Several sensors of the offset detection unit, in particular two sensors, can each be provided to detect a lower offset value and several sensors to detect an upper offset value.
In einer nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Ausführung umfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit mindestens einen Abstandssensor, vorzugsweise jeweils einen Abstandssensor, um einen ersten Abstand zur Schleiffläche und einen zweiten Abstand zur Werkstückstirnebene zu erfassen. Abstandssensoren sind beispielsweise oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der unteren bzw. oberen Schleiffläche und Werkstückstirnebene so angeordnet, dass sie einen Abstand, vorzugsweise senkrecht, möglicherweise aber auch schräg, von einem Referenzpunkt aus messen können. Abstandssensoren sind beispielsweise hinter dem Schleifbereich zwischen den Schleifscheiben angeordnet, um einen Abstand zu den Schleifflächen zu bestimmen und seitlich des Schleifbereichs oberhalb der Tischplatte bzw. unterhalb der Einlaufvorrichtung angeordnet, um einen Abstand zu einer Gleitfläche zu bestimmen. Der Versatz kann als die Differenz zwischen einem Abstand zu einer Schleiffläche und einem Abstand zu einer zugehörigen Werkstückstirnebene, beispielsweise von einer Recheneinheit, insbesondere einer Steuer- oder Regelungseinheit, berechnet werden und negative oder positive Werte, oder genau den Wert null haben. Grundsätzlich ist es denkbar, einen Abstand der Schleiffläche und der Gleitfläche auf einer kalibrierten Skala, beispielsweise mit optischen Vergrößerungsvorrichtungen, abzulesen und daraus den Versatz zu berechnen. Vorteilhafter ist es aber, für die Erfassung eines Versatzes zwei getrennte Abstandssensoren, die beispielsweise auf einem induktiven, kapazitiven, akustischen, beispielsweise als Ultraschallsensor, oder einem optischen Messprinzip beruhen, zu verwenden. Ein optoelektronischer Abstandssensor kann beispielsweise nach dem Prinzip der Triangulation, Konfokaltechnik oder Interferometrie arbeiten. Abstandssensoren können Lichtquellen, beispielsweise Laser oder LEDs, die insbesondere Infrarotlicht oder Licht geeigneter anderer Wellenlängen emittieren, umfassen oder ohne Lichtquellen, beispielsweise als Digitalkameras, ausgebildet sein. Es ist denkbar, dass in der Versatzerfassungseinheit zur Erfassung verschiedener Abstände verschiedenartige Abstandssensoren miteinander kombiniert sind.In an embodiment not belonging to the invention, the offset detection unit comprises at least one distance sensor, preferably one distance sensor in each case, in order to detect a first distance to the grinding surface and a second distance to the workpiece front plane. Distance sensors are arranged, for example, above or below the lower or upper grinding surface and workpiece front plane in such a way that they can measure a distance, preferably perpendicular, but possibly also obliquely, from a reference point. Distance sensors are arranged, for example, behind the grinding area between the grinding wheels in order to determine a distance to the grinding surfaces and arranged to the side of the grinding area above the table top or below the inlet device in order to determine a distance from a sliding surface. The offset can be calculated as the difference between a distance to a grinding surface and a distance to an associated workpiece front plane, for example by a computing unit, in particular a control or regulation unit, and have negative or positive values, or precisely the value zero. In principle, it is conceivable to read a distance between the grinding surface and the sliding surface on a calibrated scale, for example with optical magnification devices, and to calculate the offset from this. However, it is more advantageous to use two separate distance sensors, which are based, for example, on an inductive, capacitive, acoustic, for example as an ultrasonic sensor, or on an optical measuring principle, for the detection of an offset. An optoelectronic distance sensor can work, for example, on the principle of triangulation, confocal technology or interferometry. Distance sensors can include light sources, for example lasers or LEDs, which in particular emit infrared light or light of other suitable wavelengths, or can be designed without light sources, for example as digital cameras. It is conceivable that different types of distance sensors are combined with one another in the offset detection unit for detecting different distances.
In einer nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Ausführung umfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit mindestens einen optoelektronischen Sensor, der die Abschattung von, insbesondere senkrecht zur Drehachse des Ladetellers verlaufenden, Licht- und/oder Laserstrahlen durch ein Werkstückende, einen Plattenabschnitt und/oder eine Schleifscheibe erfasst. Ein optoelektronischer Sensor kann beispielsweise als eine Einweglichtschranke, beispielsweise als ein optisches Mikrometer, eine Reflexlichtschranke oder ein Reflextaster ausgebildet sein. Entsprechende Reflexionselemente können an der Schleifscheibe, den Plattenschnitten oder einer der Lichtquelle, beispielsweise einem Linienlaser, gegenüberliegenden Seite des Schleifbereichs, beispielsweise an einer Gehäuseinnenwand, angebracht sein. Insbesondere kann ein optoelektrischer Sensor nach dem Schattenbildverfahren die Position einer Ober- oder Unterkante eines Werkstücks, eines Plattenabschnitts oder der Schleifscheibe erfassen, indem das Werkstück, ein Plattenabschnitt oder die Schleifscheibe einen Teil eines von der Seite des Schleifbereichs her ausgesendeten Lichtbandes bzw. Lichtstreifens abschattet. Insbesondere könnte auf diese Weise eine Unterkante des Plattenabschnitts einer Einlaufvorrichtung oder die Oberkante einer Tischplatte oder eine Unterkante der oberen Schleifscheibe und eine Oberkante der unteren Schleifscheibe, insbesondere mit jeweils einem optoelektronischen Sensor erfasst werden. Es ist aber auch denkbar, einen einzigen optoelektronischen Sensor für die gemeinsame Erfassung einer Kante eines Plattenabschnitts und der zugehörigen Schleifscheibe vorzusehen, indem beispielsweise ein ausreichend großer Lichtstreifenquerschnitt und ein entsprechendes 2D-Detektorfeld verwendet werden. Es ist auch denkbar, verschiedene optoelektronische Sensoren in der Versatzerfassungseinheit zu kombinieren, so dass beispielsweise der Abstand von einem Referenzpunkt zu einer Schleiffläche durch eine Lichtschranke und der Abstand von einem Referenzpunkt zu einer Werkstückstirnebene mit einem auf einem anderen Messprinzip beruhenden Sensor, insbesondere einer Kamera, erfasst wird. Ein optoelektronischer Sensor, insbesondere eine Lichtschranke, hat den Vorteil, dass er/sie seitlich neben dem Schleifbereich geschützt positioniert werden kann und nicht im beschränkt verfügbaren Bauraum innerhalb des Schleifbereichs angebracht werden muss.In an embodiment not belonging to the invention, the offset detection unit comprises at least one optoelectronic sensor which detects the shadowing of light and / or laser beams, particularly perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, through a workpiece end, a plate section and / or a grinding wheel. An optoelectronic sensor can be designed, for example, as a one-way light barrier, for example as an optical micrometer, a reflex light barrier or a reflex scanner. Corresponding reflective elements can be found on the grinding wheel, the plate cuts or one of the light sources, for example a line laser, on the opposite side of the grinding area, for example on an inner wall of the housing. In particular, an optoelectronic sensor can detect the position of an upper or lower edge of a workpiece, a plate section or the grinding wheel using the shadow image method, in that the workpiece, a plate section or the grinding wheel shadows part of a light band or light strip emitted from the side of the grinding area. In particular, a lower edge of the plate section of an inlet device or the upper edge of a table top or a lower edge of the upper grinding wheel and an upper edge of the lower grinding wheel, in particular with an optoelectronic sensor each, could be detected in this way. However, it is also conceivable to provide a single optoelectronic sensor for the joint detection of an edge of a panel section and the associated grinding wheel, for example by using a sufficiently large light strip cross section and a corresponding 2D detector field. It is also conceivable to combine different optoelectronic sensors in the offset detection unit, so that, for example, the distance from a reference point to a grinding surface through a light barrier and the distance from a reference point to a workpiece front plane with a sensor based on a different measuring principle, in particular a camera, is captured. An optoelectronic sensor, in particular a light barrier, has the advantage that it can be positioned in a protected manner to the side next to the grinding area and does not have to be attached in the limited space available within the grinding area.
Gemäß der Erfindung umfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit mindestens eine Bilderfassungseinrichtung, insbesondere eine elektronische Videokamera, die ein Werkstückende außerhalb des Schleifbereichs, einen Plattenabschnitt und/oder eine Schleiffläche, insbesondere die Übergangszone zwischen dem Plattenabschnitt und der Schleifscheibe, vorzugsweise Teile der Gleitfläche und der Schleiffläche, erfasst. Eine Bilderfassungseinrichtung könnte Bildinformationen und/oder Videobildinformationen über ein Werkstück, einen Plattenabschnitt oder eine Schleifscheibe getrennt voneinander oder in einem gemeinsamen Bild erfassen. Die Versatzerfassungseinheit kann einen Lichtstreifensensor, insbesondere einen Lichtschnittsensor, umfassen, der eine Topologie bzw. ein Höhenprofil erfasst, das den Versatz zwischen einer Werkstückstirnebene und einer Schleiffläche wiedergibt. Die Versatzerfassungseinheit kann mehrere Kameras, insbesondere zwei Kameras und einen Projektor, insbesondere einen Linienprojektor, umfassen. Insbesondere sind jeweils zwei Kameras zur Erfassung des oberen und des unteren Versatzes vorgesehen, die in einem Winkel zueinander auf die Übergangszone ausgerichtet sind. Zwei Kameras haben den Vorteil, dass mittels Stereo-Vision ein dreidimensionales Bild erfassbar ist. Eine erste Bilderfassungseinrichtung könnte beispielsweise seitlich auf die Übergangszone, insbesondere den Spalt zwischen der Tischplatte bzw. der Einlaufvorrichtung und einer Schleifscheibe gerichtet sein, während eine zweite Bilderfassungseinheit von seitlich hinten oder seitlich vorne auf die Übergangszone gerichtet sein könnte. Durch eine Bilderfassungseinrichtung kann bei geeigneter Positionierung, insbesondere geeigneter Wahl des Bildausschnitts, der Versatz zwischen einem Werkstückende außerhalb des Schleifbereichs bzw. eines Plattenabschnitts und einer Schleiffläche in einem einzigen Bild erfasst werden, ohne zwei Abstände durch getrennte Sensoren zu ermitteln. Außerdem kann das erfasste Bild einem Bediener der Schleifmaschine angezeigt werden, um aufgrund des Bildes eine Kontrolle und/oder manuelle, zumindest manuell ausgelöste, Justierung der Schleifscheibe und/oder der Einlaufvorrichtung durchzuführen.According to the invention, the offset detection unit comprises at least one image detection device, in particular an electronic video camera, which detects a workpiece end outside the grinding area, a plate section and / or a grinding surface, in particular the transition zone between the plate section and the grinding wheel, preferably parts of the sliding surface and the grinding surface. An image acquisition device could acquire image information and / or video image information about a workpiece, a plate section or a grinding wheel separately from one another or in a common image. The offset detection unit can comprise a light stripe sensor, in particular a light section sensor, which detects a topology or a height profile that reproduces the offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface. The offset detection unit can comprise several cameras, in particular two cameras and a projector, in particular a line projector. In particular, there are two cameras each for recording of the upper and lower offsets are provided, which are aligned at an angle to one another on the transition zone. Two cameras have the advantage that a three-dimensional image can be captured using stereo vision. A first image capturing device could, for example, be directed laterally onto the transition zone, in particular the gap between the table top or the inlet device and a grinding wheel, while a second image capturing unit could be directed toward the transition zone from the rear or the front. With a suitable positioning, in particular a suitable selection of the image section, the offset between a workpiece end outside the grinding area or a plate section and a grinding surface can be detected in a single image by means of an image acquisition device without determining two distances by separate sensors. In addition, the captured image can be displayed to an operator of the grinding machine in order to carry out a control and / or manual, at least manually triggered, adjustment of the grinding wheel and / or the inlet device on the basis of the image.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Bilderfassungseinrichtung in einem Winkel von 0 bis 20°, vorzugsweise 0 bis 10°, zu einer Ebene ausgerichtet, die senkrecht zur Drehachse des Ladetellers verläuft. Insbesondere durch eine verkippte Anordnung einer Bilderfassungseinrichtung gegenüber den Werkstückstirnebenen und der Schleifflächen, insbesondere der Horizontalen, wird ein besserer Blickwinkel auf die Übergangszone zwischen dem Plattenabschnitt und der Schleifscheibe bzw. ein Werkstückende außerhalb der Schleifzone und die Schleiffläche ermöglicht.In an advantageous embodiment, the image capturing device is oriented at an angle of 0 to 20 °, preferably 0 to 10 °, to a plane which runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the loading plate. In particular, a tilted arrangement of an image acquisition device opposite the workpiece end planes and the grinding surfaces, in particular the horizontal, enables a better angle of view of the transition zone between the plate section and the grinding wheel or a workpiece end outside the grinding zone and the grinding surface.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit eine Bildverarbeitungseinrichtung, die aus von der Bilderfassungseinrichtung erfassten Bildinformationen, insbesondere basierend auf Kalibrierungsdaten, den Versatz zwischen einer Werkstückstirnebene und einer Schleiffläche ermittelt. Beispielsweise können mittels eines Bilderkennungsverfahrens dreidimensionale Koordinaten, insbesondere 3D-Punktwolken, aus den erfassten Bildinformationen, insbesondere einer Range-Map, berechnet werden, aus denen sich durch geeignete Berechnungsmethoden der Versatz zwischen einem Werkstückende und einer Schleiffläche bzw. einer Gleitfläche und einer Schleiffläche ermitteln lässt. Kalibrierungsdaten umfassen beispielsweise Referenzkoordinaten von Bildpunkten und/oder geometrische Referenzdaten zweier Kameras zueinander. Durch die Aufnahme von Bildinformationen durch eine Bilderfassungseinrichtung und deren Verarbeitung in einer Bildverarbeitungseinrichtung, die beispielsweise eine Recheneinheit, insbesondere eine CPU, umfasst, auf der geeignete Berechnungsverfahren durchgeführt werden können, kann der Versatz von außerhalb des Schleifbereichs zuverlässig und robust erfasst werden, wo insbesondere ausreichender Bauraum für die Versatzerfassungseinheit innerhalb des Gehäuses der Schleifmaschine zur Verfügung steht.In an advantageous embodiment, the offset detection unit comprises an image processing device which determines the offset between a workpiece front plane and a grinding surface from image information recorded by the image detection device, in particular based on calibration data. For example, using an image recognition method, three-dimensional coordinates, in particular 3D point clouds, can be calculated from the captured image information, in particular a range map, from which the offset between a workpiece end and a grinding surface or a sliding surface and a grinding surface can be determined using suitable calculation methods . Calibration data include, for example, reference coordinates of image points and / or geometric reference data between two cameras. The recording of image information by an image acquisition device and its processing in an image processing device, which for example is a computing unit, in particular a CPU, on which suitable calculation methods can be carried out, the offset can be reliably and robustly detected from outside the grinding area, where in particular sufficient installation space is available for the offset detection unit inside the housing of the grinding machine.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung beträgt ein von der Versatzerfassungseinheit erfassbare Versatzwert zwischen 0 und +/- 5 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0 und +/- 1 mm und ist insbesondere auf 1/100 mm genau erfassbar. Insbesondere sind ein oberer Versatzwert zwischen der oberen Werkstückstirnebene und der Schleiffläche der oberen Schleifscheibe und/oder ein unterer Versatzwert zwischen der unteren Werkstückstirnebene und der Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe, insbesondere von der Größe einiger Zehntel Millimeter, von der Versatzerfassungseinheit erfassbar, wobei die räumliche Auflösung der Versatzerfassungseinheit vorzugsweise im Bereich von einem Hunderstlei Millimeter liegt. Ein oberer und/oder unterer Versatzwert stellt insbesondere eine Differenz dar und kann negative oder positive Werte, oder genau null annehmen.In an advantageous development of the invention, an offset value that can be detected by the offset detection unit is between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm, and can in particular be detected with an accuracy of 1/100 mm. In particular, an upper offset value between the upper workpiece front plane and the grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel and / or a lower offset value between the lower workpiece front plane and the grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel, in particular of the size of a few tenths of a millimeter, can be detected by the offset detection unit, the spatial resolution of the Displacement detection unit is preferably in the range of one hundredth of a millimeter. An upper and / or lower offset value in particular represents a difference and can assume negative or positive values, or precisely zero.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine Speichereinrichtung vorgesehen, die Datenstrukturen für einen Schleifprozess auslesbar abspeichert, die beispielsweise erfasste Bilddaten und/oder ermittelte Versatzwerte und/oder zugehörige Schleifprozessdaten, wie Werkstückdaten, insbesondere die Federlänge oder den Federdurchmesser, Schleifscheibendaten, insbesondere die Schleifscheibendicke, ein Schleifscheibenabriebsmaß oder die Schleifscheibenbetriebsdauer oder Ladetellerdaten enthalten. Versatzwerte können beispielsweise der Versatzbetrag zwischen einer Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe und der Tischplatte, zwischen einer Schleiffläche der oberen Schleifscheibe und der Gleitfläche der Einlaufvorrichtung oder zwischen einer Schleiffläche und der oberen oder unteren Werkstückstirnebene sein. In der Datenstruktur können auch der Abstand zwischen beiden Werkstückstirnebenen sowie zwischen den beiden Schleifflächen und/oder Koordinaten von Komponenten der Justiervorrichtung oder Werkstücken enthalten sein. Werkstückdaten umfassen insbesondere den Federtyp, die Federlänge, das Federgewicht oder das Federmaterial. Schleifscheibendaten können das Schleifscheibenmaterial, die Schleifscheibendicke oder ein ermitteltes Schleifscheibenabriebsmaß sowie die akkumulierte Schleifscheibenbetriebsdauer, ein Schleifscheibenausdehnungsmaß oder eine kritische Schleifscheibendicke umfassen. Schleifprozessdaten können außerdem Zielvorgaben für den Schleifprozess, wie beispielsweise einen vorgegebenen Federabtrag oder eine Zielfederlänge umfassen. Schleifprozessdaten können auch einen Schleifspindelwinkel für ein Durchlaufverfahren enthalten. Ladetellerdaten können beispielsweise die Anzahl der Aufnahmeöffnungen, der enthaltenen Werkstücke oder der im Zustellverfahren gleichzeitig zu schleifenden Werkstücke enthalten. Eine Speichereinrichtung zur Speicherung entsprechender Datenstrukturen hat den Vorteil, dass für einen späteren Schleifprozess zuvor bereits erfasste Daten, insbesondere eines identischen oder ähnlichen, Schleifprozesses berücksichtigt, insbesondere angezeigt oder zur Regelung der Justiervorrichtung verwendet, werden können.In an advantageous further development of the invention, a memory device is provided which stores data structures for a grinding process in a readable manner, which, for example, contains captured image data and / or determined offset values and / or associated grinding process data, such as workpiece data, in particular the spring length or spring diameter, grinding wheel data, in particular the grinding wheel thickness, contain a grinding wheel abrasion measure or the grinding wheel operating time or loading plate data. Offset values can be, for example, the amount of offset between a grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel and the table top, between a grinding surface of the upper grinding wheel and the sliding surface of the infeed device or between a grinding surface and the upper or lower workpiece face. The data structure can also contain the distance between the two workpiece front planes and between the two grinding surfaces and / or coordinates of components of the adjustment device or workpieces. Workpiece data include in particular the type of spring, the spring length, the spring weight or the spring material. Grinding wheel data can include the grinding wheel material, the grinding wheel thickness or a determined grinding wheel abrasion level, as well as the accumulated grinding wheel operating time, a grinding wheel expansion level or a critical grinding wheel thickness. Grinding process data can also contain target specifications for the grinding process, such as a specified spring removal or a Include target spring length. Grinding process data can also contain a grinding spindle angle for a continuous process. Loading plate data can contain, for example, the number of receiving openings, the workpieces contained or the workpieces to be ground simultaneously in the delivery process. A memory device for storing corresponding data structures has the advantage that for a later grinding process, previously recorded data, in particular an identical or similar grinding process, can be taken into account, in particular displayed or used to control the adjustment device.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine Anzeigeeinrichtung vorgesehen, die die erfassten Bildinformationen und/oder den mindestens einen ermittelten Versatz und/oder in abgespeicherten Datenstrukturen enthaltene Informationen visualisiert. Eine Anzeigeeinrichtung kann beispielsweise ein Bildschirm eines Computers oder ein Display, insbesondere eine LCD-Anzeige, einer Schleifmaschinensteuerungs- oder -regelungseinrichtung sein. Die in den Datenstrukturen enthaltenen Informationen können als, vorzugsweise rechnergestützt grafisch aufbereitete, 3D-Modelle der geometrischen Verhältnisse innerhalb der Übergangszone, insbesondere als 3D-Visualisierung eines momentan bestehenden Versatzes, mit einer Anzeigeeinrichtung, insbesondere für einen Bediener, visualisiert werden. Auf diese Weise ist ein Versatz für einen Bediener sehr einfach und sicher, vor allem ohne in die Übergangszone in der Schleifkammer blicken zu müssen, kontrollierbar und einstellbar. Die Arbeitssicherheit und die Geschwindigkeit des Schleifprozesses werden dadurch erhöht.In an advantageous development of the invention, a display device is provided which visualizes the captured image information and / or the at least one determined offset and / or information contained in stored data structures. A display device can for example be a screen of a computer or a display, in particular an LCD display, of a grinding machine control or regulation device. The information contained in the data structures can be visualized as, preferably computer-assisted graphically processed, 3D models of the geometric relationships within the transition zone, in particular as a 3D visualization of a currently existing offset, with a display device, in particular for an operator. In this way, an offset is very easy and safe for an operator, especially without having to look into the transition zone in the grinding chamber, controllable and adjustable. This increases work safety and the speed of the grinding process.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine Regelungseinheit vorgesehen, die aufgrund eines erfassten Versatzwertes zur Einstellung eines vorgegebenen Versatzwertes den Stellantrieb mindestens einer Schleifscheibe ansteuert, insbesondere um den Versatzwert zwischen 0 und +/- 5 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0 und +/- 1 mm, insbesondere auf 1/100 mm genau einzustellen. Die Regelungseinheit kann auch, alternativ oder zusätzlich, mindestens einen Stellantrieb für die Einlaufvorrichtung ansteuern. Die Regelungseinheit ist insbesondere über ein Bussystem, insbesondere ein echtzeitfähiges Bussystem zur Datenübertragung und Kommunikation, mit der Speichereinrichtung, der Anzeigeeinrichtung, den Stellantrieben für die untere und die obere Schleifscheibe, dem Stellantrieb für die Einlaufvorrichtung, der Versatzerfassungseinheit und einer Recheneinheit, beispielsweise einer CPU, insbesondere zur Ansteuerung der Stellantriebe, zur Regelung der Justiervorrichtung verbunden. Es können weitere Sensoren, Einheiten oder Stellantriebe, die nicht zur Justiervorrichtung selbst gehören, an das Bussystem angeschlossen sein. Die Regelungseinheit kann auch dazu ausgebildet sein, weitere Informationen, die nicht durch die Versatzerfassungseinheit erfasst werden, bei der Regelung der Justiervorrichtung zu berücksichtigen und insbesondere in eine Regeleinheit der Schleifmaschine integriert sein. Eine Regelungseinheit hat den Vorteil, dass eine Justierung der Schleifmaschine, insbesondere der Schleifscheiben, automatisiert und genau erfolgen kann. Für einen bestimmten Schleifvorgang kann beispielsweise ein Bediener einen gewünschten Versatzwert, beispielsweise einen oberen Versatzwert und/oder einen unteren Versatzwert, der Regeleinheit vorgeben. Ein solcher einzuregelnder Versatzwert kann insbesondere aus einer Datenstruktur, die in der Speichereinrichtung gespeichert ist, für einen bestimmten zu schleifenden Federtyp ausgelesen werden und/oder unter Berücksichtigung von Schleifscheibendaten und/oder Schleifprozessdaten und/oder Ladetellerdaten berechnet, insbesondere basierend auf hinterlegten Modellen rechnerisch optimiert, werden. Insbesondere kann ein Versatzwert gewünscht sein, der positiv oder negativ ungleich null oder genau bzw. annähernd null ist und automatisch eingestellt werden soll. Beispielsweise könnte es für einen bestimmten Schleifprozess gewünscht sein, dass eine Schraubenfeder beim Einfahren in den Schleifbereich von der Gleitfläche der Tischplatte auf eine nach unten versetzte Schleiffläche der unteren Schleifscheibe absinkt, beispielsweise um besonders sicher ein störungsfreies Einfahren in den Schleifbereich zu gewährleisten.In an advantageous development of the invention, a control unit is provided which, based on a detected offset value for setting a predetermined offset value, controls the actuator of at least one grinding wheel, in particular by the offset value between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm , in particular to be set to an accuracy of 1/100 mm. The control unit can also, alternatively or additionally, control at least one actuator for the inlet device. The control unit is in particular via a bus system, in particular a real-time capable bus system for data transmission and communication, with the memory device, the display device, the actuators for the lower and upper grinding wheel, the actuator for the inlet device, the offset detection unit and a computing unit, for example a CPU, connected in particular for controlling the actuators, for controlling the adjusting device. Further sensors, units or actuators that do not belong to the adjustment device itself can be connected the bus system must be connected. The control unit can also be designed to take into account further information that is not detected by the offset detection unit when controlling the adjustment device and, in particular, to be integrated into a control unit of the grinding machine. A control unit has the advantage that the grinding machine, in particular the grinding wheels, can be adjusted automatically and precisely. For a specific grinding process, for example, an operator can specify a desired offset value, for example an upper offset value and / or a lower offset value, for the control unit. Such an offset value to be set can in particular be read out from a data structure that is stored in the memory device for a specific type of spring to be ground and / or calculated taking into account grinding wheel data and / or grinding process data and / or loading plate data, in particular optimized based on stored models, will. In particular, an offset value can be desired which is positive or negative not equal to zero or exactly or approximately zero and is to be set automatically. For example, for a specific grinding process, it might be desirable for a helical spring to drop from the sliding surface of the table top onto a downwardly offset grinding surface of the lower grinding wheel when it enters the grinding area, for example in order to ensure particularly reliable entry into the grinding area.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin insbesondere durch eine Schleifmaschine, insbesondere Federendenschleifmaschine, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung gelöst. Eine solche Schleifmaschine ist besonders wenig fehleranfällig, weil der Einlauf und/oder Auslauf von Werkstücken in den bzw. aus dem Schleifbereich durch eine geeignete Justierung der Schleifscheiben und/oder der Einlaufvorrichtung durch eine gewünschte Einstellung des Versatzes zwischen einem Werkstückstirnende und einer Schleiffläche, einer Tischplatte und der unteren Schleifscheibe und/oder der Einlaufvorrichtung und einer oberen Schleifscheibe zuverlässig, insbesondere automatisch, erfolgt. Störungen können dadurch vermieden und die Schleifmaschine besonders wirtschaftlich betrieben werden. Der Einfahrprozess von Werkstücken kann durch eine verbesserte Justierung schneller erfolgen und die Schleifscheiben frühzeitig, insbesondre bereits vor dem Einfahren der Werkstücke, in eine für den Schleifprozess optimale Ausgangsposition gebracht, insbesondere zugestellt, werden. Außerdem wird die Arbeitssicherheit für einen Bediener erhöht, weil ein Öffnen des Arbeitsraums zur Augenscheinnahme des Versatzes nicht erforderlich ist.The stated object is also achieved in particular by a grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, with an adjusting device according to the invention. Such a grinding machine is particularly less prone to errors, because the entry and / or exit of workpieces into or out of the grinding area by suitable adjustment of the grinding wheels and / or the inlet device through a desired setting of the offset between a workpiece end and a grinding surface, a table top and the lower grinding wheel and / or the run-in device and an upper grinding wheel reliably, in particular automatically. This avoids malfunctions and enables the grinding machine to be operated particularly economically. The running-in process of workpieces can take place more quickly thanks to an improved adjustment and the grinding wheels can be brought into an optimal starting position for the grinding process, in particular advanced, at an early stage, in particular even before the workpieces are run in. In addition, work safety for an operator is increased because it is not necessary to open the work space to inspect the offset.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zum Justieren einer Schleifmaschine, insbesondere Federendenschleifmaschine, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung, gelöst, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
- a) Erfassen des Versatzes zwischen einer Schleiffläche einer axial verfahrbaren Schleifscheibe und einer Werkstückstirnebene, in der sich ein Werkstückende eines in einem drehbar gelagerten Ladeteller aufgenommenen Werkstücks außerhalb des Schleifbereichs bewegt, mit einer Versatzerfassungseinheit,
- b) Ansteuern mindestens eines Stellantriebs der Schleifscheibe aufgrund des erfassten Versatzes zur Einstellung eines gewünschten Versatzes, insbesondere auf 1/100 mm genau.
- a) Detection of the offset between a grinding surface of an axially movable grinding wheel and a workpiece front plane in which a workpiece end of a workpiece held in a rotatably mounted loading plate moves outside the grinding area, with an offset detection unit,
- b) Controlling at least one actuator of the grinding wheel on the basis of the detected offset to set a desired offset, in particular to an accuracy of 1/100 mm.
Es kann auch mindestens ein Stellantrieb einer Einlaufvorrichtung angesteuert werden. Insbesondere ist das Justieren durch eine Regelungseinheit geregelt, so dass gewünschte Versatzwerte zuverlässig und genau automatisch eingestellt werden. Das Ansteuern der Stellantriebe kann aber auch manuell durch einen Bediener erfolgen. Das Verfahren zum Justieren kann für einen Schleifprozess im Durlaufverfahren oder im Zustellverfahren durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere kann das Justierverfahren durchgeführt werden nachdem der Ladeteller mit einem anderen Federtyp bestückt wurde, so dass sich beispielsweise die Federlänge, der Federdurchmesser oder der Werkstoff der Feder geändert hat und andere Versatzwerte gewünscht werden. Das Verfahren kann aber auch nach einem Wechsel der Schleifscheiben, beispielsweise weil ein maximales Abriebmaß überschritten wurde, einem Wechsel des Ladetellers, beispielsweise um eine andere Werkstück- bzw. Federgeometrie laden zu können, oder aufgrund eines Verschleißes der Gleitflächen, insbesondere der Einlaufvorrichtung oder der Tischplatte, durchgeführt werden. Das Justierverfahren berücksichtigt durch eine Erfassung des Versatzes zwischen einer Werkstückstirnebene und einer Schleiffläche insbesondere eine thermische Ausdehnung der Schleifscheiben, insbesondere im Laufe des Schleifbetriebs, eine unregelmäßige Abnutzung, beispielsweise in radialer Richtung, der Schleifflächen oder eine Schrägstellung, insbesondere einer Schleiffläche, beispielsweise im Durchlaufschleifverfahren, sowie geänderte Dicken von ausgetauschten Ladetellern oder Schleifscheiben.At least one actuator of an inlet device can also be controlled. In particular, the adjustment is regulated by a control unit, so that the desired offset values can be set automatically and reliably and precisely. The actuators can also be controlled manually by an operator. The adjustment process can be carried out for a grinding process using the continuous process or the feed process. In particular, the adjustment process can be carried out after the loading plate has been fitted with a different type of spring, so that, for example, the spring length, the spring diameter or the material of the spring has changed and other offset values are desired. The method can also be used after changing the grinding wheels, for example because a maximum amount of abrasion has been exceeded, after changing the loading plate, for example in order to be able to load a different workpiece or spring geometry, or due to wear of the sliding surfaces, in particular the inlet device or the table top , be performed. By detecting the offset between a workpiece end face and a grinding surface, the adjustment method takes into account, in particular, thermal expansion of the grinding wheels, in particular during grinding operation, irregular wear, for example in the radial direction, of the grinding surfaces or inclination, in particular of a grinding surface, for example in the continuous grinding process, as well as changed thicknesses of exchanged loading plates or grinding wheels.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Figur 1a
- eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung mit Bilderfassungseinrichtungen in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht,
- Figur 1b
- eine schematische Darstellung der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung nach
Figur 1a in einer Teildraufsicht des Schnittes Y-Y, - Figur 1c
- eine schematische Darstellung der Ausführungsformen nach
Figur 1a in einer vergrößerten Ansicht mit eingezeichneten Werkstückstirnebenen, Figur 2- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Schleifmaschine mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung in einer geschnittenen Draufsicht,
- Figur 3a
- eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung mit optoelektronischen Sensoren, insbesondere Lichtschranken, in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht,
- Figur 3b
- eine schematische Darstellung der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung nach
Figur 3a in einer Teildraufsicht des Schnittes Y-Y, - Figur 4a
- eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung mit Abstandsensoren in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht,
- Figur 4b
- eine schematische Darstellung der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung nach
Figur 4a in einer Teildraufsicht des Schnittes Y-Y, Figur 5- Blockschaltbild einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Justiervorrichtung,
Figur 6- ein Ablaufdiagramm einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, insbesondere zum Justieren der Schleifmaschine, vorzugsweise nach
Figur 1a bis 1c .
- Figure 1a
- a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an adjusting device according to the invention with image capturing devices in a sectional side view,
- Figure 1b
- a schematic representation of the embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention
Figure 1a in a partial top view of the section YY, - Figure 1c
- a schematic representation of the embodiments according to
Figure 1a in an enlarged view with drawn workpiece front planes, - Figure 2
- a schematic representation of an embodiment of a grinding machine with an adjusting device according to the invention in a sectional plan view,
- Figure 3a
- a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an adjusting device according to the invention with optoelectronic sensors, in particular light barriers, in a sectional side view,
- Figure 3b
- a schematic representation of the embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention
Figure 3a in a partial top view of the section YY, - Figure 4a
- a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the adjusting device according to the invention with distance sensors in a sectional side view,
- Figure 4b
- a schematic representation of the embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention
Figure 4a in a partial top view of the section YY, - Figure 5
- Block diagram of an embodiment of an adjusting device according to the invention,
- Figure 6
- a flow chart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention, in particular for adjusting the grinding machine, preferably according to
Figures 1a to 1c .
In dem nachfolgenden Teil der Beschreibung der Erfindung werden für gleiche und gleich wirkende Elemente dieselben Bezugsziffern verwendet.In the following part of the description of the invention, the same reference numbers are used for identical and identically acting elements.
Der Drehtisch 39 und die Ladeteller 31 sind hier horizontal angeordnet, so dass die Drehachsen A und B in Richtung der Gravitation zeigen. Der Ladeteller 31 kann kontinuierlich um seine Drehachse B rotieren oder taktweise, d.h. um ein bestimmtes Stück innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls um ein bestimmtes Umfangsmaß weitergedreht werden, beispielsweise über Servomotoren (nicht gezeigt), die vorzugsweise unterhalb des Drehtisches 39 mitdrehend angebracht sind. Durch die beschriebene Anordnung des Drehtisches 39 und der Ladeteller 31 ist es möglich, einen Ladeteller 31 aus einer Ladeposition L in eine Schleifposition S durch Drehung des Drehtisches 39 zu verfahren. Auf der linken Seite ist ein Ladeteller 31 in der Ladeposition L und auf der rechten Seite ist ein Ladeteller 31 in der Schleifposition S dargestellt. Die Drehrichtung D des Drehtisches 39 und die Drehrichtung E des Ladetellers 31 sind durch Pfeile angedeutet.The
Der Ladeteller 31 weist eine Vielzahl von zur Drehachse A exzentrisch über den Umfang des Ladetellers verteilten Aufnahmeöffnungen 32 auf, die als Durchgangsbohrungen gleichen Durchmessers an verschiedenen radialen Positionen des Ladetellers 31, insbesondere als Federbohrungen, ausgeführt sind. Der Ladeteller 31 kann mit Werkstücken 6, insbesondere Schraubenfedern, bestückt bzw. beladen werden, die als zylinderförmige Werkstücke 6 dargestellt sind und in die Aufnahmeöffnungen 32 eingelegt bzw. eingesteckt werden. Die Aufnahmeöffnungen 32 könnten auch unterschiedliche Durchmesser für Werkstücke 6 verschiedener Durchmesser, insbesondere für verschiedene Federtypen, haben. Prinzipiell könnten Werkstücke 6 auch, beispielsweise reibschlüssig, in einer Aufnahmeöffnung 32 in einer festen axialen Position relativ zum Ladeteller 31 gehalten sein. Hier sind die Werkstücke 6 aber lose in den Aufnahmeöffnungen aufgenommen und in axialer Richtung der Aufnahmeöffnungen 32 frei beweglich.The
Die Schleifeinheit 4 weist zwei Schleifscheiben 41, 42 auf, nämlich eine untere Schleifscheibe 41 zum Schleifen des unteren Werkstückstirnendes 63 und eine obere Schleifscheibe 42 zum Schleifen des oberen Werkstückstirnendes 64. In Figur 1b ist die obere Schleifscheibe 42 nicht dargestellt. Jeweils eine Schleifscheibe 41, 42 ist auf einer Schleifspindel 45, 46 drehbar um die Drehachse C gelagert und wird beispielsweise von einem Servomotor (nicht gezeigt) angetrieben und ist über einen Stellantrieb 43, 44 axial, also entlang der Drehachse C, verfahrbar. Im vorliegenden Fall fluchten die Drehachsen C der Schleifscheiben 41, 42 und verlaufen im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Drehachsen B der Ladeteller 31. Beide Schleifscheiben 41, 42 sind über einen jeweils zugeordneten Stellantrieb 43, 44 getrennt voneinander justierbar.The grinding
Die radiale Position der Drehachse B auf dem Drehtisch 39 und die Lagerung der Schleifeinheit 4, beispielsweise in dem Gehäuse 20, sowie die Durchmesser des Ladetellers 31, der Schleifscheiben 41, 42 sind so gewählt, dass ein Ladeteller 31 in einer Schleifposition S mit den Schleifscheiben 41, 42 radial überlappt. Der radiale Überlappungsbereich begrenzt einen Schleifbereich 7, der in
Es ist denkbar, dass die Drehachsen C der Schleifscheiben 41, 42 zueinander oder zur Drehachse B des Ladetellers 31 verkippbar oder verkippt sind, also nicht genau parallel verlaufen, insbesondere um den Abtrag an den Werkstückenden 63, 64 bei durchlaufendem Ladeteller 31, also insbesondere im Durchlaufverfahren, einzustellen. Durch die Zustellung der Schleifscheiben 41, 42 in Richtung des Ladetellers 31, insbesondere im Zustellverfahren, kann das im Schleifprozess an den Werkstücken 6 abzutragende Maß eingestellt werden. Bei der Verwendung der Schleifmaschine 1 als Federendenschfeifmaschine sind die Werkstücke 6 vorzugsweise zylindrische oder konische Schraubendruckfedern, die in Aufnahmeöffnungen 32, die die Form von Durchgangsbohrungen haben, lose eingesteckt sind und können von beiden Schleifscheiben 41, 42 an ihrem oberen und unteren Federende gleichzeitig planparallel geschliffen werden. Der Schleifdruck zwischen Schleifscheibe 41, 42 und Werkstück 6 wird über eine Zustellung der Schleifscheiben 41, 2 durch die Kompression der Federn eingestellt. In
Der Drehtisch 39 ist von einer ringförmigen Tischplatte 37 umgeben, die einen kreisförmigen Ausschnitt von der Größe des Durchmessers des Drehtisches 39 aufweist. Unterhalb des Ladetellers 31 bildet die Oberseite der Tischplatte 37 eine untere Gleitfläche 35 für die unteren Werkstückenden 63 der Werkstücke 6 und schließt mit der Oberfläche des Drehtisches 39 bündig ab. Die Tischplatte 37 stellt einen unteren Plattenabschnitt 33 dar, auf dem Werkstücke 6, insbesondere unter ihrem Eigengewicht, mit ihrer unteren Werkstückstirnseite 63 auf der unteren Gleitfläche 35 anliegen. Die Werkstücke 6 können auf der Tischplatte entlang von Kreisbahnen gleiten, während sich der Ladeteller 31 dreht. Um einen Schleifkontakt der unteren Schleifscheibe 41 mit den unteren Werkstückenden 63 zu ermöglichen, weist die Tischplatte 37 bzw. der untere Plattenabschnitt 33 auf der Seite der Schleifposition S eine Ausnehmung 331 auf, die der Umfangskontur 412 der unteren Schleifscheibe 41, insbesondere ihrem Durchmesser, angepasst ist.The
Die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 ist oberhalb des Ladetellers 31 angeordnet, um ein Einlaufen eines Werkstücks 6, insbesondere der oberen Werkstückenden 64 in den Schleifbereich 7 zu erleichtern. Die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 ist relativ zur oberen Schleifscheibe 42 in Richtung der Drehachse B des Ladetellers 31 höhenverstellbar. Die Frontplatte 21 ist an dem Gehäuse 20 in Führungselementen 25 vertikal verschieblich, insbesondere verstellbar, angebracht. Über einen mit der Frontplatte 21 verbundenen Stellantrieb 22 kann über eine Stange 23 das Schleifkammerschild 24 vertikal verfahren werden. Es sind aber beliebige Höhenverstelleinrichtungen für die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 denkbar. Das Schleifkammerschild 24 dient vornehmlich dazu, einen Bereich außerhalb des Schleifbereiches 7 vor Funkenflug, Schleifstaub und Schleifpartikeln sowie Kühlflüssigkeit zu schützen. An der Unterseite des Schleifkammerschildes 24 ist die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 mit dem oberen Plattenabschnitt 34 befestigt. Der Plattenabschnitt 34 ist als eine abgeschrägte Einlaufplatte ausgeführt, die mit der, vorzugsweise ebenen, Unterseite die obere Gleitfläche 36 ausbildet, an der ein oberes Werkstückende 64 beim Einfahren anliegt, sich insbesondere von unten andrückt, wenn die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 ausreichend weit in Richtung des Ladetellers 31 verfahren ist. Auf beiden Seiten der Schleifzone 7 ist jeweils eine Einlaufvorrichtung 38 vorgesehen, und zwar eine erste auf der Seite der einfahrenden Werkstücke 6 und eine zweite auf der Seite der ausfahrenden Werkstücke 6. Bei entsprechend tiefer Positionierung der Einlaufvorrichtung 38 wird ein sich in Richtung des Schleifbereichs 7 drehendes Werkstück 6, insbesondere eine Schraubenfeder, komprimiert bzw. gestaucht. Die Einlaufvorrichtung 38 verhindert aber beispielsweise auch ein durch Vibrationen der Schleifmaschine 1 eventuell hervorgerufenes vertikales Schwingen von elastischen Werkstücken 6 und legt deren axiale Position beim Einfahren definiert fest. Die oberen Plattenabschnitte 34 sind in ihrer Form an die Umfangskontur 422 der oberen Schleifscheibe 42 angepasst, insbesondere auf ihrer der Schleifscheibe 42 zugewandten Seite kreisbogenförmig gekrümmt. Der untere Plattenabschnitt 33 und der obere Plattenabschnitt 34 sind jeweils an den Umfang der unteren Schleifscheibe 41 und der oberen Schleifscheibe 42 angepasst und durch den aufgrund der Relativbewegung zwischen Plattenabschnitten 33, 34 und Schleifscheiben 41, 42 bedingten schmalen Spalt 14 von den jeweiligen Schleifscheiben 41, 42 getrennt. Der Bereich zwischen einem Plattenabschnitt 33, 34 und einer Schleifscheibe 41, 42 stellt eine Übergangszone 8 für ein Werkstück 6 von einem Bereich außerhalb des Schleifbereichs 7 in den Schleifbereich 7 bzw. umgekehrt dar. Die Übergangszone 8 ist hier als ein kreisbogenförmiges Band bzw. Schalensegment vorstellbar, das sich entlang des Spaltes 14 erstreckt.The
In
Zwischen der unteren Gleitfläche 35 und der unteren Schleiffläche 411 bzw. der oberen Gleitfläche 36 und der oberen Schleiffläche 421 besteht typischerweise ein Versatz, der sich aus unterschiedlichen vertikalen Positionen der Tischplatte 37 und der unteren Schleifscheibe 41 bzw. der Einlaufvorrichtung 38 und der oberen Schleifscheibe 42 bzw. einer relativen Verschiebung zwischen diesen Komponenten ergibt. Ein in den Schleifbereich 7 ein- bzw. ausfahrendes Werkstück 6 muss folglich eine Stufe nach unten oder oben überwinden, wenn es die Übergangszone 8 um den Spalt 14 durch eine Drehung des Ladetellers 31 passiert. Ein unterer Versatzwert V1 besteht zwischen der unteren Werkstückstirnebene 61 und der unteren Schleiffläche 411, während ein oberer Versatzwert V2 zwischen der oberen Werkstückstirnebene 62 und der oberen Schleiffläche 421 besteht. Die Versatzwerte V1 und V2 beschreiben Abstandswerte, insbesondere einen Höhenversatz, zweier Ebenen zueinander. Die Versatzwerte V1 und V2 sind durch Bemaßungspfeile gekennzeichnet.Between the lower sliding
Der Versatzwert V1, V2 hängt einerseits von der axialen Positionierung der Schleifscheiben durch die Stellantriebe 43, 44 sowie der axialen Position der Einlaufvorrichtung 38 durch den Stellantrieb 22 ab. Andererseits wirkt sich die Montage bzw. Ausrichtung der Tischplatte 37, insbesondere relativ zu den Schleifscheiben 41, 42, der Verschleiß der Plattenabschnitte 33, 34 bzw. Gleitflächen 35, 36, der Abrieb der beiden Schleifscheiben 41, 42, die Höhe der Tischplatte 37, die Dicke und die Schrägstellung bzw. Verkippung der Schleifscheiben 41, 42, die thermische Ausdehnung einer Schleifscheibe, insbesondere über die Betriebsdauer der Schleifmaschine, beispielsweise im Laufe des Tages, eine unregelmäßige Abnutzung einer Schleifscheibe 41, 42 in radialer Richtung und die Geometrie des zu schleifenden Werkstückes 6, insbesondere die Federlänge, auf den Versatz aus.The offset value V1, V2 depends on the one hand on the axial positioning of the grinding wheels by the actuating drives 43, 44 and the axial position of the
Die Versatzerfassungseinheit 5 ist dazu geeignet, den unteren Versatz zwischen der unteren Werkstückstirnebene 61 und der Schleiffläche 411 der unteren Schleifscheibe 41 und/oder den oberen Versatz zwischen der oberen Werkstückstirnebene 62 und der Schleiffläche 421 der oberen Schleifscheibe 42 zu erfassen. Hier umfasst die Versatzerfassungseinheit 5 vier Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b, die als Digitalkameras, insbesondere mit einem CMOS- oder einem CCD-Bildsensor, ausgeführt sind. Die Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b sind mit ihrer Optik auf die Übergangszone 8 ausgerichtet, wobei erste Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 55a, 55b und zweite Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 56a, 56b insbesondere den gleichen Bildausschnitt erfassen, um durch Überlagerung zweier erfasster Bilder, insbesondere mittels Stereo-Vision, ein 3D-Bild mindestens eines Teils der Übergangszone 8 und somit eines Versatzes erzeugen zu können. Die erste und zweite Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 55a und 56a sind auf den unteren Bereichs der Übergangszone 8 ausgerichtet, um einen unteren Versatzwert V1 zu erfassen. Erste und zweite Bilderfassungseinrichtungen 55b und 56b sind auf den oberen Bereich der Übergangszone 8 ausgerichtet, um einen oberen Versatzwert V2 zu erfassen. Es wäre aber auch denkbar, nur eine einzige erste und einzige zweite, insbesondere auf mittlerer Höhe des Schleifbereichs 7 positionierte, Bilderfassungseinrichtung zu verwenden, wobei der erfasste Bildausschnitt den oberen und unteren Versatz gleichzeitig beinhalten könnte. Die Versatzerfassungseinheit 5 könnte alternativ oder zusätzlich einen Lichtstreifensensor, insbesondere einen Lichtschnittsensor, beispielsweise mit einer Bilderfassungseinrichtung, umfassen, wobei mehrere Kameras, insbesondere zwei Kameras und ein Projektor, insbesondere einen Linienprojektor, vorgesehen sein können.The offset
In
Eine Bildverarbeitungseinrichtung 57 (siehe
- 11
- SchleifmaschineGrinding machine
- 22
- JustiervorrichtungAdjustment device
- 33
- LadeeinheitLoading unit
- 44th
- SchleifeinheitGrinding unit
- 55
- VersatzerfassungseinheitOffset detection unit
- 66
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 77th
- SchleifbereichGrinding area
- 88th
- ÜbergangszoneTransition zone
- 99
- SpeichereinrichtungStorage facility
- 1010
- AnzeigeeinrichtungDisplay device
- 1111
- RegelungseinheitControl unit
- 1212
- RecheneinheitArithmetic unit
- 1313
- BussystemBus system
- 1414th
- Spaltgap
- 2020th
- Gehäusecasing
- 2121st
- FrontplatteFront panel
- 2222nd
- Stellantrieb für EinlaufvorrichtungActuator for inlet device
- 2323
- Stangepole
- 2424
- SchleifkammerschildGrinding chamber shield
- 2525th
- FührungselementGuide element
- 3131
- LadetellerLoading plate
- 3232
- AufnahmeöffnungReceiving opening
- 3333
- unterer Plattenabschnittlower plate section
- 3434
- oberer Plattenabschnittupper plate section
- 3535
- untere Gleitflächelower sliding surface
- 3636
- obere Gleitflächeupper sliding surface
- 3737
- TischplatteTabletop
- 3838
- EinlaufvorrichtungInlet device
- 3939
- DrehtischTurntable
- 331331
- AusnehmungRecess
- 4141
- untere Schleifscheibelower grinding wheel
- 4242
- obere Schleifscheibeupper grinding wheel
- 4343
- Stellantrieb für untere SchleifscheibeActuator for lower grinding wheel
- 4444
- Stellantrieb für obere SchleifscheibeActuator for upper grinding wheel
- 4545
- Schleifspindel für untere SchleifscheibeGrinding spindle for lower grinding wheel
- 4646
- Schleifspindel für obere SchleifscheibeGrinding spindle for upper grinding wheel
- 411411
- Schleiffläche der unteren SchleifscheibeGrinding surface of the lower grinding wheel
- 412412
- Umfangskontur der unteren SchleifscheibeCircumferential contour of the lower grinding wheel
- 421421
- Schleiffläche der oberen SchleifscheibeGrinding surface of the upper grinding wheel
- 422422
- Umfangskontur der oberen SchleifscheibeCircumferential contour of the upper grinding wheel
- 51a, 51b51a, 51b
- erster Abstandssensorfirst distance sensor
- 52a, 52b52a, 52b
- zweiter Abstandssensorsecond distance sensor
- 53a, 53b53a, 53b
- erster optoelektronischer Sensorfirst optoelectronic sensor
- 54a, 54b54a, 54b
- zweiter optoelektronischer Sensorsecond photoelectric sensor
- 55a, 55b55a, 55b
- erste Bilderfassungseinrichtungfirst image capture device
- 56a, 56b56a, 56b
- zweite Bilderfassungseinrichtungsecond image capture device
- 5757
- BildverarbeitungseinrichtungImage processing device
- 5858
- optoelektronischer Sensoroptoelectronic sensor
- 6161
- untere Werkstückstirnebenelower workpiece face
- 6262
- obere Werkstückstirnebeneupper workpiece face
- 6363
- unteres Werkstückendelower end of the workpiece
- 6464
- oberes Werkstückendeupper end of the workpiece
- AA.
- Drehachse des DrehtischesRotation axis of the turntable
- BB.
- Drehachse des LadetellersAxis of rotation of the loading plate
- CC.
- Drehachse der SchleifscheibeAxis of rotation of the grinding wheel
- DD.
- Drehrichtung des DrehtischesDirection of rotation of the turntable
- EE.
- Drehrichtung des LadetellersDirection of rotation of the loading plate
- MM.
- Mittelebene der SchleifmaschineCenter plane of the grinding machine
- LL.
- Ladeposition des LadetellersLoading position of the loading plate
- SS.
- Schleifposition des LadetellersGrinding position of the loading plate
- V1V1
- unterer Versatzwertlower offset value
- V2V2
- oberer Versatzwertupper offset value
- WW.
- Winkelangle
- 10011001
- ErfassenCapture
- 10021002
- AnsteuernDrive
Claims (18)
- An adjusting device for a grinding machine (1), in particular a spring end grinding machine, wherein the adjusting device (2) comprises:- a loading unit (3) having at least one loading plate (31), which is mounted rotatable about an axis of rotation (B) and includes a plurality of reception openings (32) for receiving workpieces (6), in particular coil springs, wherein the reception openings (32) are arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation (B),- a grinding unit (4)∘ having at least one grinding disc (41, 42) mounted rotatable about an axis of rotation (C), which is substantially in parallel to the axis of rotation (B) of the loading plate (31), and∘ an actuator (43, 44) by means of which the grinding disc (41, 42) is axially displaceable,wherein a radial overlapping area of the loading plate (31) with the grinding disc (41, 42) delimits a grinding area (7) into which at least one workpiece (6) can be brought in for grinding by rotating the loading plate (31), and- at least one offset detection unit (5) for detecting an offset, in particular in the direction of the axis of rotation (B) of the loading plate (31), betweenwherein the loading unit (3) includes at least one plate portion (33, 34) arranged outside the grinding area (7), which portion forms a sliding surface (35, 36) against which a workpiece end (61, 62) rests,∘ a grinding surface (411, 421) of the grinding disc (41, 42), and∘ a workpiece front plane (61, 62), in which a workpiece end (63, 64), in particular a spring end, of a workpiece (6) received within the loading plate (31) moves outside the grinding area (7) when rotating the loading plate (31),
characterized in that
the offset detection unit (5) comprises at least one image capturing means (55, 56) capturing a workpiece end (63, 64) outside the grinding area (7), the plate portion (33, 34), and a grinding surface (411, 421). - The adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate portion (33, 34) is adjacent to a grinding disc (41, 42).
- The adjusting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a workpiece end (63), in particular a lower spring end, stands upon the plate portion (33) in particular from above, wherein the plate portion (33) is in particular designed as a table plate (37), and the workpiece front plane (61) is defined by the sliding surface (35).
- The adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a workpiece end (64), in particular an upper spring end, presses itself, in particular from below, against the plate portion (34) of a preferably height-adjustable inlet device (38), in particular a chamfered inlet plate, wherein a workpiece front plane (62) is defined by the sliding surface (36).
- The adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate portion (33, 34) is adapted to the circumferential contour (412, 422) of the grinding disc (41, 42), in particular includes a recess (331) in the shape of a segment of a circle.
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset detection unit (5) is arranged outside the grinding area (7), preferably laterally from it.
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset detection unit (5) detects in particular separately from one another- the offset between a lower workpiece plane (61) of a lower workpiece end (63), in particular of the sliding surface (35) of the table plate (37), and a grinding surface (411) of a lower grinding disc (41), and/or- the offset between an upper workpiece plane (62) of an upper workpiece end (64), in particular of the sliding surface (36) of the inlet device (38), and a grinding surface (421) of an upper grinding disc (42).
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset detection unit (5) comprises at least one distance sensor (51, 52), preferably respectively a distance sensor (51 and 52, respectively), for detecting a first distance from the grinding surface (411, 421) and a second distance from the workpiece front plane (61, 62).
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset detection unit (5) comprises at least one optoelectronic sensor (53, 54), which detects the shading of light rays and/or laser rays passing in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation (B) of the loading plate (31) through a workpiece end (63, 64), a plate portion (33, 34) and/or a grinding disc (41, 42).
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one image capturing means (55, 56) is an electronic video camera, which captures a workpiece end (63, 64) outside the grinding area (7), a plate portion (33, 34) and a grinding surface (411, 421), in particular the transition zone (8) between the plate portion (33, 34) and the grinding disc (41, 42), preferably parts of the sliding surface (35, 36) and the grinding surface (411, 421).
- The adjusting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the image capturing means (55, 56) is oriented at an angle of 0 to 20°, preferably 0 to 10°, to a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (B) of the loading plate (31).
- The adjusting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the offset detection unit (5) comprises an image processing means (57), which determines from the image information acquired from the image capturing means (55, 56), in particular based on calibrating data, the offset between a workpiece front plane (61, 62) and a grinding surface (411, 421).
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an offset value detectable by the offset detection unit (5) is between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm, in particular is detectable at a precision of 1/100 mm.
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a storage means (9) is provided, which stores data structures for a grinding process in a manner that can be read out, which include, for example, captured image data and/or determined offset values and/or associated grinding process data, such as workpiece data, in particular the spring length, grinding disc data, in particular the grinding disc thickness, a grinding disc abrasion extent or the grinding disc operating duration or loading plate data.
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a display means (10) is provided, which visualizes the acquired image information and/or the at least one determined offset and/or information included in stored data structures.
- The adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control unit (11) is provided, which, based on a detected offset value for setting a predefined offset value, controls the actuator (43, 44) of at least one grinding disc (41, 42), in particular for setting the offset value between 0 and +/- 5 mm, preferably between 0 and +/- 1 mm, in particular at a precision of 1/100 mm.
- A grinding machine, in particular a spring end grinding machine, characterized by an adjusting device according to any one of the preceding claims.
- A method for adjusting a grinding machine (1), in particular a spring end grinding machine, by means of an adjusting device (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising the steps of:a) detecting (1001) the offset between a grinding surface (411, 421) of an axially displaceable grinding disc (41, 42) and a workpiece front plane (61, 62), in which a workpiece end (63, 64) of a workpiece (6) received within a rotatably mounted loading plate (31) moves outside the grinding area (7), by means of an offset detection unit (5),b) controlling (1002) at least one actuator (43, 44) of the grinding disc (41, 42) based on the detected offset for setting a desired offset, in particular at a precision of 1/100 mm.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES15156368T ES2853750T3 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Adjusting device for a grinding machine |
EP15156368.1A EP3061565B1 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Adjusting device for a grinding machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15156368.1A EP3061565B1 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Adjusting device for a grinding machine |
Publications (2)
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EP3061565A1 EP3061565A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP3061565B1 true EP3061565B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
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EP15156368.1A Active EP3061565B1 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Adjusting device for a grinding machine |
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EP (1) | EP3061565B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2853750T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP6335994B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-05-30 | 旭精機工業株式会社 | Grinding equipment |
CN109500708B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2023-12-29 | 蓝思科技(长沙)有限公司 | Panel attenuate device |
DE102018202059A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-14 | Siltronic Ag | Method for polishing a semiconductor wafer |
CN109434680A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-08 | 江西普维智能科技有限公司 | A kind of bevel grinding machine 2.5D glass loading and unloading equipment |
CN110788683A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-14 | 福建永动力弹簧科技有限公司 | End face machining device for metal spring production and using method thereof |
CN111113265B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-07-06 | 湖南工程学院 | Method for identifying eccentricity of motorized spindle-cutter system |
JP7055582B2 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-18 | 旭精機工業株式会社 | Grinding device |
CN114454042B (en) * | 2022-03-19 | 2022-11-18 | 北京博鲁斯潘精密机床有限公司 | Automatic grinding wheel dressing mechanism of aeroengine She Sun blade grinding machine tool |
Family Cites Families (6)
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CH614653A5 (en) * | 1977-03-15 | 1979-12-14 | Schenker Ag Maschinen | |
US5755613A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1998-05-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Two grinder opposed grinding apparatus and a method of grinding with the apparatus |
DE102010005032B4 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-03-29 | Peter Wolters Gmbh | Device and method for determining the position of a working surface of a working disk |
DE102012201465B4 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2018-01-18 | Wafios Ag | Method for grinding spring ends and spring end grinding machine |
DE202012008409U1 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-09-28 | Wafios Ag | Table top for spring support table of a spring end grinding machine and spring end grinding machine with it |
DE102013206655B3 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-06-26 | Wafios Ag | Method and system for producing coil springs |
-
2015
- 2015-02-24 EP EP15156368.1A patent/EP3061565B1/en active Active
- 2015-02-24 ES ES15156368T patent/ES2853750T3/en active Active
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ES2853750T3 (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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