EP3055079A1 - Apparatus and method for sorting bulk material - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for sorting bulk materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP3055079A1 EP3055079A1 EP14719721.4A EP14719721A EP3055079A1 EP 3055079 A1 EP3055079 A1 EP 3055079A1 EP 14719721 A EP14719721 A EP 14719721A EP 3055079 A1 EP3055079 A1 EP 3055079A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bulk material
- vibration conveyor
- detector device
- exit
- ray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
- B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/3416—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radiation transmissivity, e.g. for light, x-rays, particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
- B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0018—Sorting the articles during free fall
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for sorting bulk material, in particular of pellets, comprising a vibratory conveyor and a feeder which supplies the vibratory conveyor bulk material, further comprising a first output and a second output, wherein the first output is arranged such that via one end The bulk material conveyed by the vibration conveyor falls into the first outlet, further comprising at least one detector device which is designed to examine the bulk material conveyed by the vibration conveyor for defects and a sorting device which is designed to be detected as defective by the detector device via the end To influence the vibrating conveyor conveyed bulk material in its trajectory so that the bulk material recognized as defective falls into the second output.
- the invention relates to a method for sorting bulk material, in particular of pellets, in which a vibrating conveyor bulk material is supplied, wherein the bulk material is conveyed through one end of the vibrating conveyor and falls into a first output, in which further promoted by the vibrating conveyor bulk material Defects is examined and detected as defective promoted over the end of the vibrating conveyor bulk material in its trajectory is influenced so that the detected as defective bulk material falls into a second output.
- plastic pellets which serve as a starting material for an extrusion process, in which a plastic insulation is applied to a metallic conductor. Impurities of these pellets can affect the Isolierfunl tion and therefore are to detect and sort out the defective pellets.
- EP 1 045 734 B1 discloses a device and a method for sorting pellets, in which a 100% control is to take place.
- the pellets are examined for contamination by means of an optical detector device while they are still on a transport device. If the pellets are subsequently not influenced further, they fall over the end of the transport device into a first container.
- a blow-out device is activated, which deflects pellets falling over the end of the transport device out of their trajectory, so that they fall into a second container.
- the angle of the transport device relative to the horizontal should be selected so that the scattering of the pellet trajectories is as low as possible and as few good pellets fall into the second container.
- a multisensorial arrangement for the optical inspection and sorting of bulk materials is also known from DE 10 2010 024 784 AI.
- From GB 2 067 753 A it is known for the sorting of a diamond-containing material to convey it by means of a vibratory conveyor as single-layered as possible to a rotating drum provided with suction holes, to excite fluorescence by an X-ray source and to detect the fluorescence with a photomultiplier.
- US Pat. No. 5,246,118 it is furthermore known to treat bulk material after leaving a vibrating conveyor in free fall by means of a to detect and optionally sort out optical sensor.
- a chute known is promoted via the granular material. After leaving the chute, as the material moves in the vertical direction, it is detected by an optical sensor.
- a disadvantage of the prior art is, on the one hand, that only contaminants on the pellet surface can be detected by means of the known detector devices, since the pellets are generally not transparent. As a result, the defect detection is limited. In addition, in particular in the case of the arrangement of the transport device described in EP 1 045 734 B1, a considerable scattering of the trajectories of the pellets still occurs. This makes it difficult, among other things, to examine the pellets while they are in free fall.
- the present invention seeks to provide a device and a method of the type mentioned, with which a comprehensive 100% control of bulk material is reliably achieved.
- the invention solves the problem according to a first aspect in that adjoins the end of the vibratory conveyor a rotationally driven roller, which reaches the conveyed through the end of the vibrating conveyor bulk material and the bulk material with a through the Rotation of the roll promotes predetermined trajectory towards the first exit.
- the invention solves the problem for a device of the type mentioned in that adjoins the end of the vibrating conveyor, a curved section on which passes through the end of the vibrating conveyor funded bulk material and the bulk material with a by its curvature predetermined trajectory towards the first output promotes.
- the invention solves the problem according to a first aspect, characterized in that the conveyed over the end of the vibrating conveyor bulk material is conveyed to a subsequent to the end of the vibrating conveyor rotating driven roller and the bulk material with a by the rotation of the Role predetermined trajectory is promoted towards the first exit.
- the invention solves the problem for a method of the type mentioned in that the conveyed over the end of the vibrating conveyor bulk material is conveyed to a subsequent to the end of the vibrating conveyor curved portion and the bulk material with a through the curvature of the curved Section predetermined trajectory is promoted towards the first output.
- the inventive device and the inventive method are each suitable for the inspection of virtually any bulk materials, such. Granules and other granular products, cereals, tablets, flakes, food chips, food or plastic flakes and the like.
- the invention is suitable for the inspection of plastic pellets.
- plastic pellets are used as starting material for extrusion processes in which a plastic conductor is extruded onto a metallic conductor. Such pellets often have a white color.
- a 100% inspection for any contaminants is crucial.
- the detection of metallic contaminants which may affect the insulating function, is of utmost importance.
- the vibrating conveyor is the bulk material by means of Zunaturalhreimichtung, z. B. a feed hopper or reservoir supplied.
- Vibratory conveyors are known per se and convey bulk material reliably along a conveying direction.
- At least one detector device examines the bulk material conveyed via the vibratory conveyor while it is still on the vibratory conveyor and / or after it has already left the vibratory conveyor.
- a first output and a second output are arranged downstream of the vibratory conveyor in the conveying direction of the bulk material. If the bulk material remains unaffected by the still provided sorting device, it falls after leaving the Vibratory conveyor automatically in the first output. On the other hand, if the sorting device is activated, the bulk material is influenced in its trajectory so that it falls into the second exit.
- the first output forms a good output corresponding to a good output for the quality requirements good bulk
- the second output forms a poor- out gear for the quality requirements not appropriate bad bulk material.
- the sorting device may be arranged downstream of the vibration conveyor, so that it influences the bulk material in its orbit when it is already in free fall.
- the first exit may comprise a first container and the second exit may comprise a second container.
- the bulk material is then conveyed into the respective container. But it is also possible that one or both outputs lead directly to further processing of the bulk material, for example in the context of a continuous process.
- the bulk material in particular directly adjoins the end of the vibratory conveyor to a rotationally driven roller or a curved portion.
- the bulk material can therefore be conveyed directly from the vibratory conveyor to the roller or the curved section.
- the roller rotates about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the conveying direction of the bulk material.
- the bulk material then undergoes no lateral change in direction by the role.
- the curved portion the bulk material preferably undergoes no lateral change in direction.
- the roller is cylindrical and transfers the separated and compacted bulk materials conveyed by the vibrating conveyor into a defined and uniform trajectory.
- the trajectory transmitted to the bulk material by the roller is independent of any angle of one or more vibratory conveyors of the vibrating conveyor relative to the horizontal.
- the trajectory of the bulk material is predetermined by a subsequent to the end of the vibrating conveyor curved portion.
- the curved portion may be formed, for example, parabolic or circular. It can also be a non-rotating role.
- the curved portion may also vibrate or be fixed.
- the curved section forms a ramp which supports the trajectory of the bulk material following the vibratory conveyor, in particular following a last vibratory conveyor of the vibratory conveyor. The dimension of this ramp may be similar to the dimension of the rotating driven roller.
- the invention also provides a control and regulating device controls or regulates the entire sorting process.
- a control and regulating device controls or regulates the entire sorting process.
- an evaluation device is provided, which accordingly controls the sorting device.
- the evaluation device can be integrated in the control and regulating device.
- the at least one vibration conveyor device may comprise a plurality of vibration conveyors arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction of the bulk material. Furthermore, it may be provided that at least two of the plurality of vibratory conveyors, preferably all of the plurality of vibratory conveyors, are arranged at different angles to the horizontal and / or that at least two of the plurality of vibratory conveyors, preferably all of the plurality of vibratory conveyors, one individually in terms of amplitude and / or frequency have controllable vibration drive. All vibratory conveyors can be driven vibrating. For the control of the movement of the bulk material, it is particularly advantageous if the vibrating conveyors can be adjusted independently of each other with regard to their vibration frequency and their vibration amplitude.
- three vibratory conveyors may be provided, via which the bulk material is transported starting from the feed device into the first or second outlet.
- the first vibratory conveyor can then convey the bulk material
- the second vibratory conveyor singulate the bulk material
- the third vibratory conveyor compact the bulk material.
- the bulk material can be fed by the feeder first a first vibratory conveyor. This serves to the bulk material Inculcate energy so that it begins to move in the conveying direction.
- a subsequent second vibratory conveyor is used to accelerate and separate the bulk material.
- the second vibratory conveyor may be more inclined relative to the horizontal, as the first vibratory conveyor.
- a third vibrating conveyor can connect, which again has a lower inclination relative to the horizontal.
- At least one vibrating conveyor of the vibrating conveyor may have a ramp extending transversely to the conveyor of the bulk material, which is designed to retain the bulk material while stopping the vibration of this vibrating conveyor.
- the wall stops the further flow of the bulk material.
- no mechanical closure device in the region of the feed device is required in a simple manner.
- the wall ensures that the example emerging from a round opening of a feeder bulk material is distributed as evenly as possible on the vibratory conveyor.
- At least one vibration conveyor of the vibration conveyor in particular one or more of the vibratory conveyor, at least one, in particular a plurality, transverse to the conveying direction of the bulk material extending, preferably in cross section a wave profile or a triangular profile forming barrier (s).
- the preferably wave-shaped or triangular barriers serve on the one hand to homogenize the speed of the constituents of the bulk material by repeatedly accelerating and decelerating them.
- the barriers serve to impart a vertical energy to the constituents of the bulk material, in particular on the second vibratory conveyor in the conveying direction.
- the aim of this "stowage arrangement" is that the constituents of the bulk material can no longer move sideways, ie similar to vehicles in As a result, for a subsequent inspection in a detector device, a defined position of the constituents of the bulk material is present which no longer changes on the way to the sorting device.
- a rotary drive of the roller can be controlled such that the roller is driven at such a rotational speed that the conveyed through the end of the vibrating conveyor bulk material is accelerated or decelerated by the roller in its conveying speed. So the roller rotates faster or slower than the speed imposed on the bulk material by the (last) vibratory conveyor. The bulk material is accelerated or decelerated as it passes from the (last) vibratory conveyor to the surface of the roller. As a result, the trajectory of the bulk material can be selectively influenced in the desired manner after leaving the roll.
- the detector device comprises at least one visible in the (visible to the human eye) wavelength range and / or at least one operating in the infrared wavelength range optical detector device with at least one optical radiation source and at least one optical sensor and / or that the Detector device comprises at least one X-ray detector device with at least one X-ray source and at least one X-ray sensor.
- At least one optical detector device can furthermore be designed so that it does not penetrate the bulk material, ie the bulk material is intransparent for the wavelength range used.
- the combination of at least one such optical detector device with an X-ray detector device is of particular advantage, since the two methods together compensate for the disadvantages of the respective other method.
- such an optical detection device can distinguish a blue pellet from a red pellet, which an x-ray detector device generally can not, since the color additives cause no significant differences in attenuation.
- the X-ray detecting device can detect contamination within pellets, which the optical detecting device can not do in this case.
- At least one optical sensor of the at least one optical detector device comprises a high-speed sensor, in particular a high-speed sensor operated in TDI mode (Time Delay Integration Mode) and / or at least one X-ray sensor of the at least one X-ray detector device a high-speed sensor, in particular a TDI mode (Time Delay Integration Mode) operated high-speed sensor comprises.
- the high-speed sensors used may in particular be high-speed cameras, e.g. B. line scan cameras.
- the type of image processing used in each case depends on the geometry of the material to be examined. The image processing takes place in particular in real time, for example on an FPGA board (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- the advantage of operating the optical or X-ray sensors in TDI mode lies in the low required illumination and the high resolution. Comparable systems of the prior art work with an optical resolution of 100 ⁇ , while can achieve optical resolutions in the range of 30 ⁇ with this embodiment of the invention. Especially when operating the sensors in TDI mode, a particularly high uniformity of the trajectory and speed of the bulk material is important due to the temporal integration. This is ensured by the role of the invention.
- the illumination of the bulk material preferably does not take place with direct light, since this could lead to disturbing reflections on the bulk material surface, which in turn could conceal contamination. Instead, the bulk material is irradiated with diffused light. This can be realized for example by using a so-called light dome.
- the detector device may comprise two optical detector devices, wherein a first optical detector device examines the bulk material from an upper side on the rotationally driven roller or on the curved section or after leaving the rotationally driven roller or the curved section a second optical detector means the bulk material examined from a bottom, when the bulk material is after leaving the rotationally driven roller or the gel curved portion in free fall.
- a particularly comprehensive optical inspection of the bulk material can take place. The measurement of the top of the bulk material can be done in particular immediately after leaving the roll or the gelkrümmten section.
- At least one optical detector device examines the bulk material in front of a non-illuminated dark background, preferably a non-illuminated black background, wherein the focal plane of the at least one optical sensor lies in the region of the bulk material to be investigated.
- a non-illuminated dark background preferably a non-illuminated black background
- the focal plane of the at least one optical sensor lies in the region of the bulk material to be investigated.
- an optical detection of, for example, dark impurities usually takes place in front of a background as white as possible with the idea of achieving the greatest possible contrast of the impurities in the background.
- the background is not illuminated, so passive.
- An unlighted background means insofar as it is not illuminated with a separate light source or is self-illuminating.
- the background may be due to unavoidable incidence of ambient light or through Scattering of the emitted from the or the optical radiation sources optical radiation undergo low illumination.
- the optical sensor and the optical radiation source face the background.
- the background is also defocused.
- the focal plane of the optical sensor (s) lies in the plane in which the bulk material is located. There is thus a well-defined background on which, due to the dark or black formation, there is no shadowing that distorts the measurement result.
- the dark or black background can be removed at the same time by a suitable standardization in the context of the evaluation of the measurement results, so that any optical defects, such as dark or black surface contamination in spite of the dark or black color of the background appear in high contrast and reliably detected.
- the optical radiation is reflected by a possible surface contamination, which can then be reliably identified in the course of the evaluation.
- a transparent X-ray radiation window is formed, wherein the at least one X-ray source radiates the conveyed through the vibrating conveyor bulk material and the window and the at least one X-ray sensor which irradiates the bulk material and the window X-ray detected. Due to the material and the small dimensions of some bulk materials, for example plastic pellets, very soft X-ray radiation must be used for X-ray detection. As a result, can not be through the material of the vibratory conveyor, usually metal, are blasted through. According to this embodiment, for example, in the last vibratory conveyor in front of the roller or the curved portion, a transparent window for X-ray radiation is installed.
- Mylar is made of polyethylene, is very thin and yet very stable and tear-resistant.
- the X-ray source may be located above or below the vibratory conveyor.
- the X-ray sensor is then arranged corresponding to below or above the vibrating conveyor.
- the window may vibrate with the vibration conveyor or be decoupled from the vibration of the vibration conveyor and thus be rigid. The latter is preferred for the measurement accuracy.
- the rotationally driven roller or, the curved section consists at least in sections of a material transparent to X-ray radiation, and that the at least one X-ray sensor is arranged rotationally fixed in the rotating roller or below or above the upper side of the curved section, wherein the at least one X-ray radiation source irradiates the bulk material conveyed via the rotationally driven roller or the curved section and the X-radiation penetrating the bulk material is detected by the at least one X-ray sensor arranged in the rotationally driven roller or below or above the upper side of the curved section.
- the bulk material is fixed after the recording on the surface of the rotating roller or the gel curved portion and before the detachment of the roller or the curved portion in its position.
- the entire role or the entire gela-ummmte section consist of a transparent material for X-ray radiation.
- the material is the same material as in the above-mentioned window.
- the sorting out device comprises a blow-out or suction device which deflects bulk material which has been identified as defective, out of its trajectory by blowing or sucking it in such a way that it falls into the second outlet.
- the blower or aspirator may comprise a plurality of blow-out or suction nozzles arranged along a line or along a two-dimensional array.
- the sorting device arranged downstream of the detector devices is activated.
- the bulk material for example a pellet that has been detected to be defective, can be deliberately deflected out of its trajectory so that it falls into the second outlet.
- the sorting device can in principle be activated shortly before passing through the bulk material identified as defective and deactivated again shortly after it has passed. It is then sorted out for safety reasons, not only recognized as defective bulk goods, but also a small number of good bulk goods.
- the sorting device comprises at least one mechanical ejector that deflects bulk material that has been identified as defective out of its trajectory in such a way that it falls into the second outlet. It is also possible according to a further embodiment, that a device for electrostatic Charging the rotationally driven roller or the curved portion is provided so that the bulk material can be held electrostatically on the rotatably driven roller or the curved portion and can be dropped in a defined position of the rotationally driven roller or the curved portion.
- the surface of the rotationally driven roller or the curved portion having a plurality of suction openings, held by the bulk material on the rotationally driven roller or the gelirümmten section and in a defined position of the rotationally driven roller or the curved portion can be dropped.
- a vacuum device is connected to the roller or the gel curved portion which generates a suitable negative pressure at the intake ports.
- the device for electrostatically charging the rotationally driven roller or the curved section or the suction openings together with the vacuum device may be part of the sorting device.
- a Aussortierkanal which is divided by at least one preferably vertically arranged sword in at least two channel sectors.
- this sword for example, when using a blow-out or suction device, turbulence is prevented in the area of the sorting device, which can ultimately lead to incorrect sorting of the bulk material.
- At least the vibration conveyor device can be surrounded by a closed housing, in particular an airtight housing.
- the airtightness is sufficient to prevent harmful entry of contaminants.
- By shielding the bulk material opposite the ambient air contamination of the bulk material is avoided by, for example, dust from the ambient air. It is possible that there is an overpressure relative to the environment within the housing. As a result, entry of impurities is particularly effectively avoided.
- a negative pressure relative to the environment or ambient pressure prevails.
- the supply device, the rotationally driven roller or the curved section and the first and the second output can be enclosed by the housing, in particular airtight, for further protection.
- the entire conveying path of the bulk material is shielded from the feed device or an optionally provided reservoir up to the first or second outlet relative to the ambient air.
- the device thus forms a closed system.
- a guide cover particularly a baffle, adapted to the surface shape of the rotating roller or the curved portion may be disposed between the guide cover and the surface of the rotating roller or the curved portion Distance is formed, in which the bulk material is guided.
- the guide cover may have a curvature adapted to the curvature of the surface of the roller or of the curved section.
- the guide channel is, in particular, a slot-shaped guide channel which tapers at least in sections in the direction of fall of the bulk material.
- the guide channel may be tapered in cross-section in the direction of fall of the bulk material in a first channel section and expand again in a subsequent to the first channel section second channel section.
- the guide channel may have a first substantially vertical planar wall and one of the first wall opposite, at least partially tapering in the direction of the first wall second wall.
- the second wall can be triangular or crescent-shaped in cross-section, for example.
- a narrow slit-shaped guide channel has the advantage that the bulk material, guided by the walls of the guide channel, reaches the sorting device with minimal scattering of the trajectories. It has been found that with parallel walls of the guide channel, especially if they are only slightly spaced, then a negative pressure arises, if immediately after, for example, outlet nozzles are arranged and active, the negative pressure, the bulk material not in the sorting out, but against its fall direction can suck up into the channel. This can lead to inadmissible incorrect sorting of the bulk material. This is especially true when the device is designed as a closed system, as explained above. Due to the sectional cross-sectional constriction of the guide channel and possibly the subsequent cross-sectional widening this negative pressure is reliably avoided.
- the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. Accordingly, the inventive Method are carried out with the device described or claimed in this patent application according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a device according to the Invention for sorting of bulk material
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the device from FIG. 1 in an enlarged perspective view
- FIG. 3 shows the part of the device of FIG. 1 shown in FIG. 2 according to a second exemplary embodiment in an enlarged perspective view, FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention for sorting bulk material according to a further exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 a feeder with a feed hopper for bulk material, in the example shown plastic pellets shown.
- the apparatus further comprises a vibratory conveyor 12 having a first vibratory conveyor 14, a second vibratory conveyor 16 adjoining the first vibratory conveyor 14, and a third vibratory conveyor 16 adjoining the second vibratory conveyor 16 Vibratory conveyor 18.
- the feeder 10 supplies the plastic pellets to the first vibratory conveyor 14.
- All vibratory conveyors 14, 16, 18 can be driven in a vibrating manner, wherein the vibratory conveyors 14, 16, 18 are individually controllable with regard to their vibration frequency and vibration amplitude.
- a control and regulating device not shown in the figure is provided, which controls the device according to the invention as a whole.
- Fig. 1 it can be further seen that the three vibrating conveyors 14, 16, 18 are arranged at different angles to the horizontal.
- the first vibratory conveyor 14 has a slight inclination to the horizontal
- the third vibratory conveyor 18 also has a slight inclination relative to the horizontal
- the second vibratory conveyor 16 has the strongest inclination relative to the horizontal.
- the vibratory conveyors 14, 16, 18 are formed like a ramp, wherein the movement of the plastic pellets by side walls of the vibrating conveyors 14, 16, 18 is laterally limited.
- a transverse to the conveying direction of the bulk material wall 20 is further formed. On the one hand, it serves to uniformly distribute the plastic pellets emerging from the opening of the feed hopper 10 onto the first vibrating conveyor 14 in the illustrated example, onto the vibrating conveyor 14. In addition, the wall 20 retains the pellets from further movement once the vibration conveyor 14 is stopped, that is no longer vibrating. On the first vibratory conveyor 14, the movement of the pellets in the conveying direction begins. On the second vibratory conveyor 16, the pellets are supplied with an increased kinetic energy, so that they are accelerated and separated in the conveying direction.
- At least one vibrating conveyor for example the second and / or third vibrating conveyor 16, 18, is preferably one or a plurality of transverse to the conveying direction of the bulk material, in cross section preferably a wave profile or a triangular profile formed forming barriers, these serve on the one hand to homogenize the conveying speed of the pellets. On the other hand, they impart a vertical energy to the pellets, which leads to the dissolution of the pellets' multiple layers.
- the pellets after passing through the barrier (s), preferably the wave profile or triangular profile of the barrier (s), the pellets are in a single-ply "jam arrangement."
- an X-ray detector device In this arrangement, they can be examined by an X-ray detector device, from that shown in FIG an X-ray source is shown at reference numeral 22.
- an X-ray transparent window 24 In the bottom of the third vibratory conveyor 18 there is formed an X-ray transparent window 24, in this case a Mylar window 24.
- the X-ray source 22 emits X-rays which transmit the pellets conveyed through the window 24 and the Window 24 passes underneath window 24.
- An X-ray sensor which detects the X-ray radiation, is shown schematically at reference number 26.
- this is an X-ray camera operated in TDI mode
- the X-ray detector device examines the pellets for impurities in their interior become one in the Control and regulating device integrated evaluation device supplied, which decides on this basis, whether the examined pellets are to be sorted out as defective.
- a cylindrical roller 28 which is driven in a rotating manner about the cylinder axis perpendicular to the conveying direction of the pellets, adjoins the end of the third vibrating conveyor 18 directly.
- the pellets pass from the third vibrating conveyor 18 to the rotating roller 28, are taken along by this a short path and then transferred at a defined speed in a defined trajectory. Unless they are influenced, they fall along the trajectory 31 marked A in FIG.
- reference numeral 30 also shows a first optical detector device which inspects the pellets immediately after leaving the driven roller 28 from the top.
- a second optical detector device is shown, which inspects the pellets after exiting the roller 28 in its trajectory from the bottom.
- Both optical detector devices 30, 32 irradiate the pellets with diffused light against a black background and have as optical sensors high-speed cameras, which are operated in TDI mode.
- the optical detector devices 30, 32 examine the pellets for optical impurities, in particular in the region of their surface.
- the measurement results of the integrated into the control and regulating device evaluation are supplied and the evaluation decides based on the measurement results, whether the examined pellets are to be sorted out as defective. If the evaluation device recognizes pellets to be sorted out as defective on the basis of the measurement results of one of the detector devices 22, 26, 30, 32, an exhaust device shown at 34 in FIG. 1 is actuated at the appropriate time, so that the pellets to be sorted out as defective deflect from their trajectory will fall into the trajectory 36 marked B in FIG. 1 and into a second exit for bad pellets.
- the angle of inclination ⁇ of the third vibrating conveyor 18 relative to the horizontal is shown at 38.
- any inclination angle ⁇ is conceivable according to the invention. It is essentially determined by the flow rate and the bulk material to be tested.
- reference numeral 40 illustrates how the conveying speed v of the pellets on the vibrating conveyor 18 is influenced by the rotation of the roller to the new conveying speed ⁇ + ⁇ .
- a barrier running at right angles to the conveying direction of the pellets and preferably forming a corrugated profile or a triangular profile in cross-section is shown at 42.
- Fig. 3 shows the partial view of Fig. 2 according to a second embodiment.
- This embodiment corresponds largely to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
- a subsequent to the third vibrating conveyor 18 curved portion 44 is provided in the embodiment of FIG .
- the curvature of the curved portion 44 may be, for example, parabolic or circular.
- the curved portion 44 forms a ramp supporting the trajectory of the bulk material. It is understood that the remarks to the figures 1 and 2 explained embodiments are also applicable to the embodiment of Figure 3.
- the fiction, contemporary device shown in Fig. 4 corresponds largely to the device shown in Fig. 1.
- the device shown in FIG. 4 has only one vibrating conveyor 18, on the upper side of which the bulk material from the feed device 10, in the present case via a feed slot 11, is fed.
- the vibrating conveyor 18 in turn has a transparent to X-ray window 24, through which the X-ray source 22 irradiates the bulk material located on the vibratory conveyor 18, wherein the X-ray radiation is detected by the arranged below the window 24 X-ray sensor 26, as already explained above.
- FIG. 1 the device shown in FIG. 4 has only one vibrating conveyor 18, on the upper side of which the bulk material from the feed device 10, in the present case via a feed slot 11, is fed.
- the vibrating conveyor 18 in turn has a transparent to X-ray window 24, through which the X-ray source 22 irradiates the bulk material located on the vibratory conveyor 18, wherein the X-ray radiation is detected by the arranged below the window 24 X-ray sensor 26,
- the first wall 48 is planar and arranged in a vertical plane.
- the second wall 50 has a triangular cross section, such that the guide channel 52 first narrows in cross-section in the direction of flight of the bulk material and then expands again.
- a Aussortierkanal is shown, which is divided by a arranged in a vertical plane flat sword 56 in two juxtaposed channel sectors.
- FIG. 4 can also be used in the exemplary embodiments explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3,
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP14719721.4A EP3055079B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-04-22 | Device and method for sorting bulk material |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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EP20130188370 EP2859963A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Method and device for sorting bulk material |
PCT/EP2014/058148 WO2015051927A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-04-22 | Apparatus and method for sorting bulk material |
EP14719721.4A EP3055079B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-04-22 | Device and method for sorting bulk material |
Publications (2)
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EP3055079A1 true EP3055079A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
EP3055079B1 EP3055079B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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EP20130188370 Withdrawn EP2859963A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Method and device for sorting bulk material |
EP14719721.4A Active EP3055079B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-04-22 | Device and method for sorting bulk material |
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US (1) | US9975149B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2859963A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6503346B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160065976A (en) |
CN (1) | CN105722611B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2660077C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015051927A1 (en) |
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2014
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- 2014-04-22 CN CN201480061844.5A patent/CN105722611B/en active Active
- 2014-04-22 EP EP14719721.4A patent/EP3055079B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-22 WO PCT/EP2014/058148 patent/WO2015051927A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-04-22 JP JP2016521756A patent/JP6503346B2/en active Active
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CN108176600A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-19 | 安徽溜溜梅研究院有限公司 | A kind of fruit detection and sorting equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2859963A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
US20160250665A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
KR20160065976A (en) | 2016-06-09 |
EP3055079B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
US9975149B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
JP6503346B2 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
CN105722611A (en) | 2016-06-29 |
CN105722611B (en) | 2018-04-06 |
JP2016532543A (en) | 2016-10-20 |
WO2015051927A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
RU2660077C2 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
RU2016116443A (en) | 2017-11-16 |
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