EP3052991B1 - Barrel with profile system with an alternating geometry for a timepiece - Google Patents

Barrel with profile system with an alternating geometry for a timepiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3052991B1
EP3052991B1 EP14783780.1A EP14783780A EP3052991B1 EP 3052991 B1 EP3052991 B1 EP 3052991B1 EP 14783780 A EP14783780 A EP 14783780A EP 3052991 B1 EP3052991 B1 EP 3052991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
friction
arcs
sliding
barrel
circle
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EP14783780.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3052991A1 (en
Inventor
Elmar Mock
Christophe LÉCHOT
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Cartier International AG
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Cartier International AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/18—Constructions for connecting the ends of the mainsprings with the barrel or the arbor
    • G04B1/20—Protecting arrangements against rupture or overwinding of the mainspring located in the barrel or attached to the barrel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0866—Special arrangements
    • G04F7/0876—Split-time function, e.g. rattrappante

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a barrel intended to equip a timepiece with automatic winding and whose drum comprises a profiled system, as well as a timepiece equipped with such a barrel.
  • Barrels for timepieces with automatic winding conventionally comprise a drum in which is housed a motor spring wound spirally around a barrel shaft.
  • the mainspring is not fixed to the side wall of the drum, but frictionally coupled, by means of its last turn , using an elastic blade called sliding flange.
  • the friction coupling between the mainspring and the side wall of the drum must be calculated so that beyond a maximum engine torque determined, the last turn slides along said wall and thus decreases the tension of the mainspring.
  • the surface condition of the inner side wall of the drum as well as its lubrication are factors that strongly influence the operation of this friction clutch. Another determining factor is the geometry of the inner sidewall.
  • the inner side wall of the drum often has friction surfaces, alternating with notches in the form of notches in which the end of the mainspring abuts.
  • the combination of the effects of friction and abutment of the last turn on the side wall makes it possible to reach maximum driving moments, and therefore a large power reserve.
  • notches in the inner side wall of the drum contributes to the wear phenomenon of the barrel. Indeed, the notches form sharp sharp corners located in the upstream and downstream limit of the friction surfaces with respect to the direction of sliding of the last turn, that is to say at the exit and entry, respectively, notch. On these sharp sharp angles, the pressures of the mainspring are very high. They can then dull quickly.
  • the document CH703618 discloses a self-winding timepiece cylinder comprising an AA-axis drum provided with an inner side wall having friction surfaces alternating with locking structures forming salient or re-entrant angles at the boundary of the friction surfaces, and a motor spring forming a winding having an outer turn, which is frictionally coupled to said inner side wall and free to slide against the inner side wall in case of overvoltage of the mainspring.
  • the friction surfaces are limited, downstream with respect to the sliding direction of said outer turn, by a rounded protruding angle or a re-entrant angle.
  • the document WO12150492 discloses an automatic winding mechanism for timepieces comprising an automatic winding mass connected to one end of a mainspring by a kinematic connection comprising a pawl comprising a body and two resilient arms cooperating at their free ends with a set of teeth. wolf teeth of a ratchet wheel; this pawl being driven in its movements by the angular movements of the winding mass.
  • a first of the two arms of the pawl is elastically deformable under the action of the force induced by the retaining torque of the ratchet wheel; this deformation causes, when the retaining torque of the ratchet wheel reaches a pre-established value corresponding to the complete winding of the mainspring, an angular displacement of the body of the pawl around a cam kinematically connected to the sufficient automatic winding mass to cause the second pawl arm to move, without elastic deformation, out of the wrenches of the ratchet wheel.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a barrel free from the limitations of known barrels.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder in which the wear of the barrel springs is reduced.
  • a barrel for an automatic watch comprising a drum with an internal lateral wall and a barrel spring provided with an external turn co-operating by friction with the internal lateral wall of the drum, the profile of the inner side wall having a plurality of alternately-arranged sliding-circle and friction-circle arcs, wherein the sliding-friction arches substantially correspond to a geometric arrangement consisting of a profiled element geometric reference mark for determining positions and dimensions of sliding arcs and arcs of friction, the sliding arcs being distributed angularly along the profiled element, centered on this profiled element and having a radius less than the radius of a circle circumscribed to the element profilaire; the arcs of friction are angularly distributed along the profiled element, each of the arcs of friction extending between points tangent to each of the sliding arcs adjacent to the arcing arc; each of the arcs of friction being centered with respect to a position on the profiled element diametric
  • Such a system offers multiple possibilities for generating configurations that do not include sharp edges or other types of portions likely to generate significant wear and / or rapid wear of a movable element cooperating with the wall generated by the system.
  • a plurality of geometries can be established to correspond to each specific case.
  • the profile element of construction is preferably a circle. In variants, it is also possible to use other forms among the following geometric shapes: oval, triangle, hexagon, pentagon, octagon, etc. It is also possible to use a profile element of construction with irregular profile.
  • the profiled system comprises six sliding arcs and six alternately arranged arcs of friction forming a hexalobular arrangement.
  • the barrel comprises nine arcs of sliding circles and nine arcs of friction circles arranged alternately, forming an ennealobular arrangement.
  • the plurality of sliding arcs and friction arches arranged alternately form a closed profile against which a portion of a timepiece mobile is likely to move.
  • the barrel spring is provided with an external coil cooperating by friction with said inner side wall of the drum and is free to slide against the arcs of friction of said wall in the case where the spring tension exceeds a value of slip threshold given, and is free to slide against the sliding arcs of said wall even when the spring tension is less than said given slip threshold value.
  • the invention also provides a timepiece comprising a barrel as previously described.
  • the Figure 1A illustrates the geometric elements for constructing a profiled geometric system 1 for the cylinder according to the invention.
  • the example of this figure comprises only three lobes or friction zones 6, in order to privilege the readability of the figure and the various elements illustrated.
  • a virtual structural profile element 7 serves as a basis for determining the respective positions and dimensions of the other constituent elements of the geometric assembly.
  • the profile element of construction 7 is a circle and coincides with a circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7, center Cc and radius Rcons.
  • the three zones or arcs of friction circles 6 are positioned by dividing the construction circle 7 into as many angular portions, of the same dimension, ie 120 degrees for three zones in the example of FIG. Figure 1A but more generally of arbitrary dimension.
  • the figure shows the three points A, B, C of the building circle 7 which serve as a center for three sliding circles A, B, C from which the sliding zones or arcs are derived.
  • the three circles, of radius Rgli are illustrated in dashed lines in the figure.
  • the three centers of the sliding circles also serve as centers for the friction circles.
  • the sliding arcs 5 are distributed angularly along the profiled element 7, centered on this profiled element 7 and have a radius Rgli less than the radius of a circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7.
  • the center A of the sliding circle A serves as the center for the arc A 'situated opposite the center of the profiled construction element 7, here the center Cc of the circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7.
  • the center B of the sliding circle B serves as a center for the arc B 'located opposite to the center Cc of the building circle.
  • the center C of the sliding circle C serves as a center for the arc C 'located opposite to the center Cc of the building circle.
  • the radius Rfro corresponds to the radius of the circles from which the friction arcs 6 are derived.
  • each of the friction arcs 6 is centered with respect to a position on the profiled element 7 which is diametrically opposed to the friction arc 6 with respect to the center Cc of the circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7
  • the radius Rfro of the frictional arc 6 corresponds to the distance between said position and one of the tangent points 8.
  • the arc A ' extends angularly between the two points T where this arc forms a tangent with the sliding circles located on each side of the arc.
  • the same principle applies to arcs B 'and C'.
  • the arcs of friction 6 extend angularly between the two points T where the arcs of adjacent slip form a tangent to the friction circle of the arc concerned.
  • the Figure 1B illustrates the inner side wall 3 resulting from the profiled system of the Figure 1A .
  • the sliding arches 5 and the resulting arcs of friction 6 are also illustrated.
  • the virtual construction circle 7 and the three sliding circles are illustrated solely for the purpose of showing the connection between these elements and the lateral wall 3 thus obtained.
  • the figure 1D shows an exemplary embodiment of an ennealobular profiled system constructed with rules as previously described.
  • the figure 1C shows an embodiment of a hexalobular profiled system constructed with rules as previously described.
  • the center A of the friction circle A serving as a center for the arc A 'located opposite to the center Cc of the circle of construction is located between the two sliding circles opposite the arc A '.
  • the center B of the friction circle B serving as a center for the arc B 'located opposite the center Cc of the building circle 7 is located between the two sliding circles opposite to the arc B', and thus immediately for all the arcs of the profile system.
  • the Figures 2A and 2B show trilobular embodiments constructed from a virtual circle of construction 7 of the same diameter as in the example of FIG. Figure 1A , but in which the radius of the sliding arc Rgli is respectively smaller in the example of the Figure 2A and bigger in the example of the Figure 2B than in that of the Figure 1A . Comparing these two figures, it is observed that the resulting inner sidewalls 3 have very distinct profiles, both in terms of dimensions and in terms of shapes. For example, due to the radius Rgli smaller in the example of the Figure 2A , the internal side wall 3 of the Figure 2A is significantly more "pointed" than in the case of the Figure 2B .
  • the plurality of sliding arches 5 and friction arches 6 arranged alternately and generated by the profile system forms a closed profile of a timepiece mobile.
  • the figure 3 shows a barrel 11 of an automatic watch according to one embodiment.
  • the drum 4 of the barrel 11 comprises the closed profile which corresponds to the inner side wall 3 of the drum 4.
  • a driving spring 10 fixed to a barrel shaft 9 comprises an outer turn 2 whose end cooperates in sliding and friction with the wall 3.
  • the spring 11 can not rotate relative to the drum 4 because of the friction of the coil 2 outside the friction arc 6.
  • the friction force of the outer turn 2 along the friction arc 6 can no longer prevent the spring 1 from In this way, the mainspring 1 can, during a reassembly going beyond the given sliding threshold value, overcome the friction force resulting from the friction of the outer coil end 2. along the arc of friction 6, and slide along the next sliding arc 5, as many times as necessary, because of the alternation between the two types of arches.
  • the maximum sliding points of the spring 1 against the inner side wall 3 correspond to the tangent point of a circumscribed circle (not shown), that is to say the smallest circle to fit the inner side wall 3, to the angular position of the radius Rgli of the profile system.
  • the minimum slip points correspond to the tangent point of an inscribed circle (not shown), that is to say the largest circle likely to be housed inside the inner lateral wall 3, at the angular position Rfro radius of the profile system.
  • the figure 4 shows another example of realization of a hexalobolar profilal system built with the previously stated rules.
  • the virtual profiling element of construction 7 is itself of hexalobolar form.
  • the circle circumscribed 12 to the profiled element is also represented.
  • the influence of the geometry of the profiled element of construction is observed by comparing the general appearance of the internal lateral wall 3 of the Figures 1B and 4 .
  • the hexalobolar shape of the virtual profiled element of construction of the figure 4 influences the final result whose triangular shape is more pronounced, contributing to increase the gap between the sliding and friction characteristics of the respective arches 5 and 6.
  • the figure 5 shows another example of realization of a profiled system built with the previously stated rules.
  • the virtual profiled building element 7 is square.
  • the various examples illustrated show the multiple degrees of freedom offered to designers to generate a profiled system.
  • the design of a profiled system for the cylinder according to the invention is carried out taking into account the internal forces of the elements interacting with each other, the resistance of these elements, the properties of the mainspring, etc., in order to obtain an optimal and well-adapted mode of operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
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Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un barillet destiné à équiper une pièce d'horlogerie à remontage automatique et dont le tambour comporte un système profilaire, ainsi qu'une pièce d'horlogerie équipée d'un tel barillet.The present invention relates to a barrel intended to equip a timepiece with automatic winding and whose drum comprises a profiled system, as well as a timepiece equipped with such a barrel.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Des barillets pour pièces d'horlogerie à remontage automatique comportent classiquement un tambour dans lequel est logé un ressort moteur enroulé en spirale autour d'un arbre de barillet. Pour éviter toute surtension du ressort moteur, pouvant le faire céder ou endommager le rouage du dispositif de remontage automatique, le ressort moteur n'est pas fixé à la paroi latérale du tambour, mais accouplé à friction, par l'intermédiaire de sa dernière spire, à l'aide d'une lame élastique appelée bride glissante. L'accouplement à friction entre le ressort moteur et la paroi latérale du tambour doit être calculé pour qu'au-delà d'un couple moteur maximum déterminé, la dernière spire glisse le long de ladite paroi et diminue ainsi la tension du ressort moteur. L'état de surface de la paroi latérale intérieure du tambour ainsi que sa lubrification sont des facteurs influençant fortement le fonctionnement de cet accouplement à friction. Un autre facteur déterminant concerne la géométrie de la paroi latérale intérieure.Barrels for timepieces with automatic winding conventionally comprise a drum in which is housed a motor spring wound spirally around a barrel shaft. To avoid any overvoltage of the mainspring, which can cause it to yield or damage the gear of the automatic winding device, the mainspring is not fixed to the side wall of the drum, but frictionally coupled, by means of its last turn , using an elastic blade called sliding flange. The friction coupling between the mainspring and the side wall of the drum must be calculated so that beyond a maximum engine torque determined, the last turn slides along said wall and thus decreases the tension of the mainspring. The surface condition of the inner side wall of the drum as well as its lubrication are factors that strongly influence the operation of this friction clutch. Another determining factor is the geometry of the inner sidewall.

Selon l'état de la technique, la paroi latérale intérieure du tambour comporte souvent des surfaces de frottement, alternant avec des découpes en forme d'encoches dans lesquelles l'extrémité du ressort moteur vient buter. La combinaison des effets de frottement et de butée de la dernière spire sur la paroi latérale, permet d'atteindre des couples moteurs maximums élevés, et donc une réserve de marche importante.According to the state of the art, the inner side wall of the drum often has friction surfaces, alternating with notches in the form of notches in which the end of the mainspring abuts. The combination of the effects of friction and abutment of the last turn on the side wall makes it possible to reach maximum driving moments, and therefore a large power reserve.

Toutefois, une difficulté liée à la présence d'encoches dans la paroi latérale intérieure du tambour, est celle de l'usure. Le problème de l'usure est particulièrement gênant car il s'auto-amplifie et peut conduire à des dégâts importants, des dysfonctionnements ou même la rupture d'une pièce. Lorsque le frottement de la dernière spire du ressort moteur arrache des fines particules à la paroi, celles-ci rendent le frottement encore plus abrasif, ce qui produit encore plus de particules et accélère le phénomène d'usure. A la longue, l'accouplement à friction entre le ressort moteur et la paroi latérale du barillet peut être sérieusement affecté.However, a difficulty related to the presence of notches in the inner side wall of the drum is that of wear. The problem of wear is particularly troublesome because it self-amplifies and can lead to significant damage, malfunctions or even the breakage of a room. When the friction of the last turn of the mainspring pulls fine particles from the wall, these make the friction even more abrasive, which produces even more particles and accelerates the phenomenon of wear. In the long run, the friction coupling between the mainspring and the sidewall of the cylinder can be seriously affected.

Il est connu que la présence d'encoches dans la paroi latérale intérieure du tambour participe au phénomène d'usure du barillet. En effet, les encoches forment des angles vifs saillants situés en limite amont et aval des surfaces de frottement par rapport au sens de glissement de la dernière spire, c'est-à-dire en sortie et en entrée, respectivement, d'encoche. Sur ces angles vifs saillants, les pressions du ressort moteur sont très élevées. Ils peuvent alors s'émousser rapidement.It is known that the presence of notches in the inner side wall of the drum contributes to the wear phenomenon of the barrel. Indeed, the notches form sharp sharp corners located in the upstream and downstream limit of the friction surfaces with respect to the direction of sliding of the last turn, that is to say at the exit and entry, respectively, notch. On these sharp sharp angles, the pressures of the mainspring are very high. They can then dull quickly.

Ces systèmes connus présentent le défaut que l'extrémité du ressort moteur soumet une des arêtes des encoches à une forte usure, de sorte que la durée de vie des barillets est courte. La situation est encore pire lorsque l'extrémité du ressort moteur présente des bavures, ce que l'on ne peut jamais éviter absolument, car l'usure est encore plus forte. C'est pourquoi il importe que les encoches soient très peu profondes. Par exemple, le document CH703618 décrit un barillet pour pièce d'horlogerie à remontage automatique comprenant un tambour d'axe AA muni d'une paroi latérale intérieure comportant des surfaces de frottement alternant avec des structures de blocage formant des angles saillants ou rentrants en limite des surfaces de frottement, et un ressort moteur formant un enroulement comportant une spire extérieure, laquelle est accouplée à friction avec ladite paroi latérale intérieure et libre de glisser contre la paroi latérale intérieure en cas de surtension du ressort moteur. Les surfaces de frottement sont limitées, en aval par rapport au sens de glissement de ladite spire extérieure, par un angle saillant arrondi ou un angle rentrant.These known systems have the defect that the end of the mainspring submits one of the edges of the notches to a high wear, so that the life of the barrels is short. The situation is even worse when the end of the mainspring has burrs, which can never be avoided, because the wear is even stronger. This is why it is important that the notches are very shallow. For example, the document CH703618 discloses a self-winding timepiece cylinder comprising an AA-axis drum provided with an inner side wall having friction surfaces alternating with locking structures forming salient or re-entrant angles at the boundary of the friction surfaces, and a motor spring forming a winding having an outer turn, which is frictionally coupled to said inner side wall and free to slide against the inner side wall in case of overvoltage of the mainspring. The friction surfaces are limited, downstream with respect to the sliding direction of said outer turn, by a rounded protruding angle or a re-entrant angle.

Le document WO12150492 décrit un mécanisme de remontage automatique pour pièces d'horlogerie comprenant une masse de remontage automatique reliée à une extrémité d'un ressort de barillet par une liaison cinématique comprenant un cliquet comportant un corps et deux bras élastiques coopérant par leurs extrémités libres avec une denture en dents de loup d'une roue a cliquet; ce cliquet étant entrainé dans ses déplacements par les mouvements angulaires de la masse de remontage. Un premier des deux bras du cliquet est élastiquement déformable sous l'action de la force induite par le couple de retenue de la roue à cliquet; cette déformation provoque, lorsque le couple de retenue de la roue à cliquet atteint une valeur préétablie correspondant à l'armage complet du ressort de barillet, un déplacement angulaire du corps du cliquet autour d'une came reliée cinématiquement à la masse de remontage automatique suffisant pour provoquer le déplacement, sans déformation élastique, du second bras du cliquet hors de l'enveloppe de la denture en dents de loup de la roue a cliquet.The document WO12150492 discloses an automatic winding mechanism for timepieces comprising an automatic winding mass connected to one end of a mainspring by a kinematic connection comprising a pawl comprising a body and two resilient arms cooperating at their free ends with a set of teeth. wolf teeth of a ratchet wheel; this pawl being driven in its movements by the angular movements of the winding mass. A first of the two arms of the pawl is elastically deformable under the action of the force induced by the retaining torque of the ratchet wheel; this deformation causes, when the retaining torque of the ratchet wheel reaches a pre-established value corresponding to the complete winding of the mainspring, an angular displacement of the body of the pawl around a cam kinematically connected to the sufficient automatic winding mass to cause the second pawl arm to move, without elastic deformation, out of the wrenches of the ratchet wheel.

Bref résumé de l'inventionBrief summary of the invention

Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un barillet exempt des limitations des barillets connus.An object of the present invention is to provide a barrel free from the limitations of known barrels.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un barillet dans lequel l'usure des ressorts de barillet est réduite.Another object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder in which the wear of the barrel springs is reduced.

Selon l'invention, ces buts sont atteints notamment au moyen d'un barillet pour une montre automatique comprenant un tambour avec une paroi latérale interne et un ressort de barillet pourvu d'une spire externe coopérant par friction avec la paroi latérale interne du tambour, le profil de la paroi latérale interne comportant une pluralité d'arcs de cercles de glissement et d'arc de cercle de frottement disposés en alternance, dans lequel les arcs de glissement et de frottement correspondent sensiblement à un arrangement géométrique constitué d'un élément profilaire de construction servant de repère géométrique pour déterminer les positions et dimensions d'arcs de glissement et d'arcs de frottement, les arcs de glissement étant répartis angulairement le long de l'élément profilaire, centrés sur cet élément profilaire et ayant un rayon inférieur au rayon d'un cercle circonscrit à l'élément profilaire; les arcs de frottement sont répartis angulairement le long de l'élément profilaire, chacun des arcs de frottement s'étendant entre des points tangents à chacun des arcs de glissement adjacents à l'arc de frottement ; chacun des arcs de frottement étant centré par rapport à une position sur l'élément profilaire diamétralement opposée au centre de l'arc de frottement, le rayon de l'arc de frottement correspondant à la distance entre ladite position et un des points tangents, de sorte que la spire externe coopère par friction avec ladite paroi latérale interne du tambour et est libre de glisser contre les arcs de frottement de ladite paroi dans le cas où la tension du ressort excède une valeur de seuil de glissement donnée, et libre de glisser contre les arcs de glissement de ladite paroi lorsque la tension du ressort est inférieure à ladite valeur de seuil de glissement donnée.According to the invention, these objects are attained in particular by means of a barrel for an automatic watch comprising a drum with an internal lateral wall and a barrel spring provided with an external turn co-operating by friction with the internal lateral wall of the drum, the profile of the inner side wall having a plurality of alternately-arranged sliding-circle and friction-circle arcs, wherein the sliding-friction arches substantially correspond to a geometric arrangement consisting of a profiled element geometric reference mark for determining positions and dimensions of sliding arcs and arcs of friction, the sliding arcs being distributed angularly along the profiled element, centered on this profiled element and having a radius less than the radius of a circle circumscribed to the element profilaire; the arcs of friction are angularly distributed along the profiled element, each of the arcs of friction extending between points tangent to each of the sliding arcs adjacent to the arcing arc; each of the arcs of friction being centered with respect to a position on the profiled element diametrically opposed to the center of the arcing arc, the radius of the arcing arc corresponding to the distance between said position and one of the tangent points, of so that the outer turn co-operates by friction with said inner side wall of the drum and is free to slide against the arcs of friction of said wall in the case where the spring tension exceeds a given sliding threshold value, and free to slide against the sliding arcs of said wall when the spring tension is lower than said given slip threshold value.

Un tel système offre de multiples possibilités pour générer des configurations ne comportant pas d'arrêtes vives ou autres types de portion susceptibles de générer une usure importante et/ou rapide d'un élément mobile coopérant avec la paroi générée grâce au système. En fonction des caractérisitques du ressort, des matériaux utilisés et des dimensions des différents éléments architecturaux, une pluralité de géométries peuvent être établies de façon à bien correspondre à chaque cas spécifique.Such a system offers multiple possibilities for generating configurations that do not include sharp edges or other types of portions likely to generate significant wear and / or rapid wear of a movable element cooperating with the wall generated by the system. Depending on the characteristics of the spring, the materials used and the dimensions of the different architectural elements, a plurality of geometries can be established to correspond to each specific case.

L'élément profilaire de construction est de préférence un cercle. En variantes, on peut aussi utiliser d'autres formes parmi les formes géométriques suivantes : oval, triangle, hexagone, pentagone, octogone, etc. On peut aussi utiliser un élément profilaire de construction avec profil irrégulier.The profile element of construction is preferably a circle. In variants, it is also possible to use other forms among the following geometric shapes: oval, triangle, hexagon, pentagon, octagon, etc. It is also possible to use a profile element of construction with irregular profile.

Dans un mode de réalisdation avantageux, le système profilaire comprend six arcs de glissement et de six arcs de frottement disposés en alternance, formant un agencement hexalobulaire.In an advantageous embodiment, the profiled system comprises six sliding arcs and six alternately arranged arcs of friction forming a hexalobular arrangement.

Dans une variante, le barillet comprend neuf arcs de cercles de glissement et de neuf arcs de cercles de frottement disposée en alternance, formant un agencement ennéalobulaire.In a variant, the barrel comprises nine arcs of sliding circles and nine arcs of friction circles arranged alternately, forming an ennealobular arrangement.

Dans une autre variante de réalisation, la pluralité d'arcs de glissement et d'arc de frottement disposés en alternance forme un profil fermé contre lequel une portion d'un mobile de pièce d'horlogerie est susceptible de se déplacer.In another variant embodiment, the plurality of sliding arcs and friction arches arranged alternately form a closed profile against which a portion of a timepiece mobile is likely to move.

De manière avantageuse, le ressort de barillet est pourvu d'une spire externe coopérant par friction avec ladite paroi latérale interne du tambour et est libre de glisser contre les arcs de frottement de ladite paroi dans le cas où la tension du ressort excède une valeur de seuil de glissement donnée, et est libre de glisser contre les arcs de glissement de ladite paroi même lorsque la tension du ressort est inférieure à ladite valeur de seuil de glissement donnée.Advantageously, the barrel spring is provided with an external coil cooperating by friction with said inner side wall of the drum and is free to slide against the arcs of friction of said wall in the case where the spring tension exceeds a value of slip threshold given, and is free to slide against the sliding arcs of said wall even when the spring tension is less than said given slip threshold value.

L'invention prévoit également une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un barillet tel que préalablement décrit.The invention also provides a timepiece comprising a barrel as previously described.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Des exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention sont indiqués dans la description illustrée par les figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • La figure 1A est une représentation schématique d'un exemple de système profilaire à géométrie alternée avec trois lobes, pour le barillet de l'invention;
  • La figure 1B est une représentation schématique de l'exemple de système profilaire de la figure 1A, montrant également la paroi latérale obtenue;
  • La figure 1C est une représentation schématique d'un exemple de système profilaire à géométrie alternée avec six lobes pour le barillet selon l'invention;
  • La figure 1D est une représentation schématique d'un exemple de système profilaire à géométrie alternée avec neuf lobes pour le barillet selon l'invention;
  • Les figures 2A et 2B sont des représentations schématiques d'exemples de systèmes profilaires à géométrie alternée avec trois lobes pour le barillet selon l'invention, dont les dimensions de l'arc de glissement varient de façon importante;
  • La figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un exemple de barillet pour pièce d'horlogerie mécanique selon l'invention ;
  • Les figures 4 et 5 sont des représentations schématiques d'exemples de systèmes profilaires à géométrie alternée pour le barillet selon l'invention avec des formes diverses d'élément profilaire virtuel.
Examples of implementation of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures in which:
  • The Figure 1A is a schematic representation of an exemplary profile system with alternating geometry with three lobes, for the barrel of the invention;
  • The Figure 1B is a schematic representation of the example of a profiled system of the Figure 1A , also showing the sidewall obtained;
  • The figure 1C is a schematic representation of an exemplary profile system with alternating geometry with six lobes for the cylinder according to the invention;
  • The figure 1D is a schematic representation of an exemplary profile system with alternating geometry with nine lobes for the cylinder according to the invention;
  • The Figures 2A and 2B are schematic representations of examples of profiled systems with alternating geometry with three lobes for the cylinder according to the invention, the dimensions of the sliding arc vary significantly;
  • The figure 3 is a schematic representation of an exemplary barrel for a mechanical timepiece according to the invention;
  • The Figures 4 and 5 are schematic representations of examples of profiled systems with alternating geometry for the barrel according to the invention with various forms of virtual profiled element.

Exemple(s) de mode de réalisationExample (s) of embodiment

La figure 1A illustre les éléments géométriques permettant de construire un système géométrique profilaire 1 pour le barillet selon l'invention. À des fins d'explications, l'exemple de cette figure comporte uniquement trois lobes ou zones de frottement 6, afin de privilégier la lisibilité de la figure et des différents éléments illustrés.The Figure 1A illustrates the geometric elements for constructing a profiled geometric system 1 for the cylinder according to the invention. For reasons of explanation, the example of this figure comprises only three lobes or friction zones 6, in order to privilege the readability of the figure and the various elements illustrated.

Un élément profilaire virtuel de construction 7 sert de base pour déterminer les positions et dimensions respectives des autres éléments constitutifs de l'ensemble géométrique. Dans l'exemple de la Fig. 1A, l'élément profilaire de construction 7 est un cercle et se confond avec un cercle circonscrit 12 à l'élément profilaire 7, de centre Cc et de rayon Rcons.A virtual structural profile element 7 serves as a basis for determining the respective positions and dimensions of the other constituent elements of the geometric assembly. In the example of the Fig. 1A , the profile element of construction 7 is a circle and coincides with a circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7, center Cc and radius Rcons.

Les trois zones ou arcs de cercles de frottement 6 sont positionnées en divisant le cercle de construction 7 en autant de portions angulaires, de même dimension, soit 120 degrés pour trois zones dans l'exemple de la figure 1A, mais plus généralement de dimension arbitraire.The three zones or arcs of friction circles 6 are positioned by dividing the construction circle 7 into as many angular portions, of the same dimension, ie 120 degrees for three zones in the example of FIG. Figure 1A but more generally of arbitrary dimension.

La figure montre les trois points A, B, C du cercle de construction 7 qui servent de centre pour trois cercles de glissement A, B, C desquels les zones ou arcs de glissement sont issus. Les trois cercles, de rayon Rgli, sont illustrés en traits pointillés sur la figure. Dans cet exemple comportant trois lobes, les trois centres des cercles de glissement servent également de centres pour les cercles de frottement. Les arcs de glissement 5 sont répartis angulairement le long de l'élément profilaire 7, centrés sur cet élément profilaire 7 et ont un rayon Rgli inférieur au rayon d'un cercle circonscrit 12 à l'élément profilaire 7.The figure shows the three points A, B, C of the building circle 7 which serve as a center for three sliding circles A, B, C from which the sliding zones or arcs are derived. The three circles, of radius Rgli, are illustrated in dashed lines in the figure. In this example with three lobes, the three centers of the sliding circles also serve as centers for the friction circles. The sliding arcs 5 are distributed angularly along the profiled element 7, centered on this profiled element 7 and have a radius Rgli less than the radius of a circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7.

Le centre A du cercle de glissement A sert de centre pour l'arc A' situé à l'opposée par rapport au centre de l'élément profilaire de construction 7, ici le centre Cc du cercle circonscrit 12 à l'élément profilaire 7. Le centre B du cercle de glissement B sert de centre pour l'arc B' situé à l'opposée par rapport au centre Cc du cercle de construction. Enfin, le centre C du cercle de glissement C sert de centre pour l'arc C' situé à l'opposée par rapport au centre Cc du cercle de construction. Le rayon Rfro correspond au rayon des cercles desquels les arcs de frottement 6 sont issus. De façon plus générale, chacun des arcs de frottement 6 est centré par rapport à une position sur l'élément profilaire 7 qui est diamétralement opposée à l'arc de frottement 6 par rapport au centre Cc du cercle circonscrit 12 à l'élément profilaire 7. Le rayon Rfro de l'arc de frottement 6 correspond à la distance entre ladite position et un des points tangents 8.The center A of the sliding circle A serves as the center for the arc A 'situated opposite the center of the profiled construction element 7, here the center Cc of the circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7. The center B of the sliding circle B serves as a center for the arc B 'located opposite to the center Cc of the building circle. Finally, the center C of the sliding circle C serves as a center for the arc C 'located opposite to the center Cc of the building circle. The radius Rfro corresponds to the radius of the circles from which the friction arcs 6 are derived. More generally, each of the friction arcs 6 is centered with respect to a position on the profiled element 7 which is diametrically opposed to the friction arc 6 with respect to the center Cc of the circumscribed circle 12 to the profiled element 7 The radius Rfro of the frictional arc 6 corresponds to the distance between said position and one of the tangent points 8.

L'arc A' s'étend angulairement entre les deux points T où cet arc forme une tangente avec les cercles de glissement situés de chaque côté de l'arc. Le même principe s'applique aux arcs B' et C'. Les arcs de frottement 6 s'étendent angulairement entre les deux points T où les arcs de glissement adjacents forment une tangente avec le cercle de frottement de l'arc concerné.The arc A 'extends angularly between the two points T where this arc forms a tangent with the sliding circles located on each side of the arc. The same principle applies to arcs B 'and C'. The arcs of friction 6 extend angularly between the two points T where the arcs of adjacent slip form a tangent to the friction circle of the arc concerned.

La figure 1B illustre la paroi latérale interne 3 résultant du système profilaire de la figure 1A. Les arcs de glissement 5 et les arcs de frottement 6 résultants sont également illustrés. Le cercle virtuel de construction 7 et les trois cercles de glissement sont illustrés uniquement dans le but de montrer le lien entre ces éléments et la paroi latérale 3 ainsi obtenue.The Figure 1B illustrates the inner side wall 3 resulting from the profiled system of the Figure 1A . The sliding arches 5 and the resulting arcs of friction 6 are also illustrated. The virtual construction circle 7 and the three sliding circles are illustrated solely for the purpose of showing the connection between these elements and the lateral wall 3 thus obtained.

La figure 1D montre un exemple de réalisation d'un système profilaire ennéalobulaire construit avec des règles telles que préalablement décrit.The figure 1D shows an exemplary embodiment of an ennealobular profiled system constructed with rules as previously described.

La figure 1C montre un exemple de réalisation d'un système profilaire hexalobulaire construit avec des règles telles que préalablement décrit. Toutefois, dans cet exemple, étant donné que le nombre de lobes ou zones ou arcs de glissement est pair, le centre A du cercle de frottement A servant de centre pour l'arc A' situé à l'opposée par rapport au centre Cc du cercle de construction est localisé entre les deux cercles de glissement opposés à l'arc A'. Le centre B du cercle de frottement B servant de centre pour l'arc B' situé à l'opposée par rapport au centre Cc du cercle de construction 7 est localisé entre les deux cercles de glissement opposés à l'arc B', et ainsi de suite pour tous les arcs du système profilaire.The figure 1C shows an embodiment of a hexalobular profiled system constructed with rules as previously described. However, in this example, since the number of lobes or slip zones or arcs is even, the center A of the friction circle A serving as a center for the arc A 'located opposite to the center Cc of the circle of construction is located between the two sliding circles opposite the arc A '. The center B of the friction circle B serving as a center for the arc B 'located opposite the center Cc of the building circle 7 is located between the two sliding circles opposite to the arc B', and thus immediately for all the arcs of the profile system.

Les figures 2A et 2B montrent des variantes de réalisation trilobulaires construites à partir d'un cercle virtuel de construction 7 de même diamètre que dans l'exemple de la figure 1A, mais dans lesquels le rayon de l'arc de glissement Rgli est respectivement plus petit dans l'exemple de la figure 2A et plus grand dans l'exemple de la figure 2B que dans celui de la figure 1A. En comparant ces deux figures, on observe que les parois latérales internes 3 résultantes ont des profils bien distincts, tant en terme de dimensions qu'en terme de formes. Par exemple, dû au rayon Rgli plus petit dans l'exemple de la figure 2A, la paroi latérale internes 3 de la figure 2A est sensiblement plus "pointue" que dans le cas de la figure 2B.The Figures 2A and 2B show trilobular embodiments constructed from a virtual circle of construction 7 of the same diameter as in the example of FIG. Figure 1A , but in which the radius of the sliding arc Rgli is respectively smaller in the example of the Figure 2A and bigger in the example of the Figure 2B than in that of the Figure 1A . Comparing these two figures, it is observed that the resulting inner sidewalls 3 have very distinct profiles, both in terms of dimensions and in terms of shapes. For example, due to the radius Rgli smaller in the example of the Figure 2A , the internal side wall 3 of the Figure 2A is significantly more "pointed" than in the case of the Figure 2B .

La pluralité d'arcs de glissement 5 et d'arc de frottement 6 disposés en alternance et générée par le système profilaire forme un profil fermé d'un mobile de pièce d'horlogerie.The plurality of sliding arches 5 and friction arches 6 arranged alternately and generated by the profile system forms a closed profile of a timepiece mobile.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la figure 3 montre un barillet 11 d'une montre automatique selon un mode de réalisation. Le tambour 4 du barillet 11 comprend le profil fermé qui correspond à la paroi latérale interne 3 du tambour 4. Un ressort moteur 10 fixé à un arbre de barillet 9 comporte une spire externe 2 dont l'extrémité coopère en glissement et frottement avec la paroi latérale interne 3 du tambour 4. Lorsque le ressort 1 est armé dans le barillet 11, mais en-deçà d'une valeur de seuil de glissement donnée, le ressort 11 ne peut tourner par rapport au tambour 4 à cause du frottement de la spire externe 2 le long de l'arc de frottement 6. Au-delà de la valeur de seuil de glissement donnée, la force de frottement de la spire externe 2 le long de l'arc de frottement 6 ne peut plus empêcher le ressort 1 de tourner dans le barillet 11. De la sorte, le ressort moteur 1 peut, lors d'un remontage allant au-delà de la valeur de seuil de glissement donnée, vaincre la force de frottement résultant du frottement de l'extrémité spire externe 2 le long de l'arc de frottement 6, et glisser le long de l'arc de glissement 5 suivant, autant de fois que nécessaire, du fait de l'alternance entre les deux types d'arcs.According to one embodiment, the figure 3 shows a barrel 11 of an automatic watch according to one embodiment. The drum 4 of the barrel 11 comprises the closed profile which corresponds to the inner side wall 3 of the drum 4. A driving spring 10 fixed to a barrel shaft 9 comprises an outer turn 2 whose end cooperates in sliding and friction with the wall 3. When the spring 1 is cocked in the barrel 11, but below a given sliding threshold value, the spring 11 can not rotate relative to the drum 4 because of the friction of the coil 2 outside the friction arc 6. Beyond the given sliding threshold value, the friction force of the outer turn 2 along the friction arc 6 can no longer prevent the spring 1 from In this way, the mainspring 1 can, during a reassembly going beyond the given sliding threshold value, overcome the friction force resulting from the friction of the outer coil end 2. along the arc of friction 6, and slide along the next sliding arc 5, as many times as necessary, because of the alternation between the two types of arches.

Les points de glissement maximum du ressort 1 contre la paroi latérale interne 3 correspondent au point tangent d'un cercle circonscrit (non représenté), c'est-à-dire le plus petit cercle permettant d'emboîter la paroi latérale interne 3, à la position angulaire du rayon Rgli du système profilaire. Les points de glissement minimum correspondent au point tangent d'un cercle inscrit (non représenté), c'est-à-dire le plus grand cercle susceptible d'être logé à l'intérieur de la paroi latérale interne 3, à la position angulaire du rayon Rfro du système profilaire.The maximum sliding points of the spring 1 against the inner side wall 3 correspond to the tangent point of a circumscribed circle (not shown), that is to say the smallest circle to fit the inner side wall 3, to the angular position of the radius Rgli of the profile system. The minimum slip points correspond to the tangent point of an inscribed circle (not shown), that is to say the largest circle likely to be housed inside the inner lateral wall 3, at the angular position Rfro radius of the profile system.

L'absence d'arêtes vives résultant du système profilaire pour le barillet selon l'invention permet de réduire l'usure des composants sujets aux efforts de frottement.The absence of sharp edges resulting from the profiled system for the barrel according to the invention reduces the wear of components subject to frictional forces.

La figure 4 montre un autre exemple de réalisation d'un système profilaire hexalobolar construit avec les règles préalablement énoncées. Toutefois, dans cet exemple, l'élément profilaire virtuel de construction 7 est lui-même de forme hexalobolar. Le cercle circonscrit 12 à l'élément profilaire est également représenté. On observe l'influence de la géométrie de l'élément profilaire de construction en comparant l'aspect général de la paroi latérale interne 3 des figures 1B et 4. La forme hexalobolar de l'élément profilaire virtuel de construction de la figure 4 influence le résultat final dont la forme triangulaire est plus prononcée, contribuant à accroître l'écart entre les caractéristiques de glissement et de frottement des arcs respectifs 5 et 6.The figure 4 shows another example of realization of a hexalobolar profilal system built with the previously stated rules. However, in this example, the virtual profiling element of construction 7 is itself of hexalobolar form. The circle circumscribed 12 to the profiled element is also represented. The influence of the geometry of the profiled element of construction is observed by comparing the general appearance of the internal lateral wall 3 of the Figures 1B and 4 . The hexalobolar shape of the virtual profiled element of construction of the figure 4 influences the final result whose triangular shape is more pronounced, contributing to increase the gap between the sliding and friction characteristics of the respective arches 5 and 6.

La figure 5 montre un autre exemple de réalisation d'un système profilaire construit avec les règles préalablement énoncées. Toutefois, dans cet exemple, l'élément profilaire virtuel de construction 7 est carré.The figure 5 shows another example of realization of a profiled system built with the previously stated rules. However, in this example, the virtual profiled building element 7 is square.

Les divers exemples illustrés montrent les multiples degrés de liberté offerts aux concepteurs pour générer un système profilaire. Par exemple, le dimensionnement d'un système profilaire pour le barillet selon l'invention est effectué en prenant en compte les efforts internes des éléments interagissant les uns avec les autres, la résistance de ces éléments, les propriétés du ressort moteur, etc., afin d'obtenir un mode de fonctionnement optimal et bien adapté.The various examples illustrated show the multiple degrees of freedom offered to designers to generate a profiled system. For example, the design of a profiled system for the cylinder according to the invention is carried out taking into account the internal forces of the elements interacting with each other, the resistance of these elements, the properties of the mainspring, etc., in order to obtain an optimal and well-adapted mode of operation.

Numéros de référence employés sur les figuresReference numbers used in the figures

11
système profilaire à géométrie alternéeprofile system with alternating geometry
22
spire externe du ressortexternal coil of the spring
33
paroi latérale interneinternal side wall
44
tambourdrum
55
arc de cercle de glissementsliding circle arc
66
arc de cercle de frottementarc of friction circle
77
élément profilaire de constructionprofiled element of construction
88
point tangent T à un arc de glissementtangent point T to a sliding arc
99
arbre de barilletbarrel tree
1010
ressort moteurmotor spring
1111
barilletbarrel
1212
cercle circonscrit à l'élément profilairecircle circumscribed to the profile element
AAT
centre du cercle de glissement Acenter of the slip circle A
A'AT'
arc opposé au centre A par rapport au centre du cercle de constructionopposite arc to center A in relation to the center of the building circle
BB
centre du cercle de glissement Bcenter of slip circle B
B'B '
arc opposé au centre B par rapport au centre du cercle de constructionopposite arc to center B in relation to the center of the building circle
CVS
centre du cercle de glissement Ccenter of the sliding circle C
C'VS'
arc opposé au centre C par rapport au centre du cercle de constructionopposite arc to center C in relation to the center of the building circle
CcCC
centre du cercle circonscrit à l'élément profilairecenter of the circle circumscribed to the profile element
Rconsrdes
rayon du cercle circonscrit à l'élément profilaireradius of the circle circumscribed to the profile element
RgliRgli
rayon de l'arc de cercle de glissementradius of the sliding circle arc
RfroRfro
rayon de l'arc de cercle de frottementradius of the arc of friction circle

Claims (6)

  1. Barrel (11) for an automatic watch comprising a drum (4) with an internal side wall (3) and a barrel spring (1) fitted with an external coil (2) cooperating by friction with the internal side wall (3) of the drum (4); characterised in that
    the profile of the internal side wall (3) comprises a plurality of arcs of circles of sliding (5) and arcs of circle of friction (6) arranged in alternation, wherein the arcs of sliding and of friction (5, 6) substantially correspond to a geometric arrangement consisting of a profile element of construction (7) serving as a geometric mark to determine the positions and dimensions of the arcs of sliding (5) and arcs of friction (6),
    the arcs of sliding (5) being angularly distributed along the profile element (7), centred on this profile element (7) and having a radius (Rgli) inferior to the radius of a circle circumscribed (12) to the profile element (7);
    the arcs of friction (6) being angularly distributed along the profile element (7), each of the arcs of friction (6) extending between the tangent points (8) to each of the arcs of sliding (5) adjacent to the arc of friction (6);
    each of the arcs of friction (6) being centred in relation to a position on the profile element (7) diametrically opposed to the centre of the arc of friction (6), the radius (Rfro) of the arc of friction (6) corresponding to the distance between said position and one of the tangent points (8)
    so that the external coil (2) cooperates by friction with said internal side wall (3) of the drum (4) and is free to slide against the arcs of friction (6) of said wall (3) when the tension of the spring exceeds a given threshold value of sliding, and free to slide against the arcs of sliding (5) of said side wall (3) when the tension of the spring is inferior to said given threshold value of sliding.
  2. Barrel according to claim 1,
    wherein the profile element (7) is selected from the following geometric shapes: circle, oval, triangle, hexagon, pentagon, octagon.
  3. Barrel according to claim 1,
    wherein the profile element of construction comprises an irregular profile.
  4. Barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    comprising six arcs of sliding (5) and six arcs of friction (6) arranged in alternation forming a hexalobular arrangement.
  5. Barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    comprising nine arcs of sliding (5) and nine arcs of friction (6) arranged in alternation, forming an nonalobular arrangement.
  6. Timepiece comprising the barrel (11) according to one of the claims 1 to 5.
EP14783780.1A 2013-10-04 2014-09-25 Barrel with profile system with an alternating geometry for a timepiece Active EP3052991B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01707/13A CH708661A1 (en) 2013-10-04 2013-10-04 profilaire system alternating geometry timepiece.
PCT/EP2014/070550 WO2015058922A1 (en) 2013-10-04 2014-09-25 Barrel with a profile system with alternating geometry for a time piece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3052991A1 EP3052991A1 (en) 2016-08-10
EP3052991B1 true EP3052991B1 (en) 2017-11-08

Family

ID=49841463

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14783780.1A Active EP3052991B1 (en) 2013-10-04 2014-09-25 Barrel with profile system with an alternating geometry for a timepiece

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3052991B1 (en)
CH (1) CH708661A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015058922A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1522073A (en) * 1923-10-13 1925-01-06 Daniel E Odom Spring motor
FR746355A (en) * 1932-02-19 1933-05-27 Hatot Leon Ets Automatic winding system for vehicle watches, pocket watches, and other devices subjected to jolts, or to an irregular motor effort
CH494421A (en) * 1968-01-26 1970-09-15 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Barrel for self-winding timepiece
EP1645919B1 (en) * 2004-10-11 2007-12-19 Fuji Crystal Manufactory Ltd. Cambered watch crystal
CH702718B1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2015-02-27 Montres Bréguet S A All times demand on the main switch of a timepiece.
CH702842B1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2014-11-14 Bulgari Horlogerie Sa Timepiece fitted with a retrograde display mechanism moon phase ..
CH703618B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2014-12-31 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Barrel timepiece with automatic winding.
CH704893A2 (en) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-15 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Automatic winding mechanism.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015058922A1 (en) 2015-04-30
CH708661A1 (en) 2015-04-15
EP3052991A1 (en) 2016-08-10

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