EP3049580B1 - Method of making a ground anchor - Google Patents

Method of making a ground anchor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3049580B1
EP3049580B1 EP14736874.0A EP14736874A EP3049580B1 EP 3049580 B1 EP3049580 B1 EP 3049580B1 EP 14736874 A EP14736874 A EP 14736874A EP 3049580 B1 EP3049580 B1 EP 3049580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal cage
cage
face
flexible formwork
anchoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14736874.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3049580A1 (en
Inventor
PAGE Maxime LE
Philippe Laville
Edouard DOVILLAIRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Poma SA
Original Assignee
Poma SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3049580A1 publication Critical patent/EP3049580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3049580B1 publication Critical patent/EP3049580B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/13—Geometrical or physical properties having at least a mesh portion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0007—Production methods using a mold
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0006—Plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/40—Miscellaneous comprising stabilising elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the anchoring of the foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular ropeway lifts, such as a ski lift, a chairlift or a gondola lift, and in particular to the anchoring of a railway line pylon. a ski lift.
  • a mechanical lift such as a boarding station, a landing station, or a line tower
  • the construction being carried out in the open air it is subject to external constraints, such as work safety constraints at height, assembly and adjustment constraints of the various elements and weather that can delay the assembly of the book, especially during the winter period.
  • a pit is dug and foundations are made comprising one or more concrete anchoring devices intended to support the structure.
  • the structure is a station, it includes, among other things, a traction sheave pulley carrying the vehicles.
  • the structure is a line pylon, it includes, among other things, a pylon body on which rests a pebble beam.
  • the surface of the anchoring device intended to receive the body of the pylon may be inclined at a non-zero slope with respect to the ground so as to incline the pylon. and thus allow a deflection of the aerial cable.
  • aerial ropeway lifts are sometimes mounted on sites that are difficult to access, either because the site is remote from a road or because the site is sloping.
  • the line towers of such lifts are mounted on slopes of up to 45%, and most of the landing stations for people are at the top of the slopes and are not accessible by truck. It is therefore necessary to transport the various elements to carry out the anchoring devices, and then to mount the anchoring devices on site.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, and in particular to provide an anchoring device for foundations lift structure that is transportable and easy to mount on site, while being sufficiently robust to meet the required safety standards.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a line pylon of a mechanical lift provided with such an anchoring device.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an anchoring method for mechanical lift structure foundations that is quick to execute.
  • an anchoring device for foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular aerial cable, comprising a stud intended to support the structure.
  • An anchoring device is thus easily transportable, in particular by helicopter.
  • the stud is transportable and maintains the integrity of the anchoring means, the metal cage, and flexible formwork.
  • the stud can be routed in a single set of elements integral with each other.
  • Such an anchoring device is quick to mount on site.
  • the pad can be made in the factory and the stud manufacturing step can no longer be subjected to the weather.
  • such a stud makes it possible to provide a more easily transportable anchoring device from the manufacturing plant to the assembly site of the lift structure.
  • the flexible formwork may include a plastic coating.
  • the flexible formwork may comprise at least one dimpled plate.
  • the flexible formwork may further comprise a metal mesh.
  • the flexible formwork can be arranged outside the metal cage.
  • the metal cage may comprise a first face provided with the housing for receiving the anchoring means and a second face opposite to the first face, the first face being inclined relative to the second face along a non-zero slope.
  • an anchoring device having an inclined face, for tilting the structure, whose slope slope is controlled.
  • Such an anchoring device is standardized and can meet the different needs of cableway installers.
  • a lift line pylon comprising at least one anchoring device as defined above.
  • an anchoring method for foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular aerial cable, comprising a stud intended to support the structure.
  • the step of mounting the flexible formwork may include a provision of the flexible formwork outside the metal cage.
  • the step of developing the metal cage may comprise an embodiment of a first face of the metal cage provided with the housing for receiving the anchoring means and inclined relative to a second face opposite to the first face in a non-directional slope. nothing.
  • the method may comprise, after the step of producing the stud, a step of transporting the stud while maintaining the integrity of the anchoring means, the metal cage, and the flexible formwork.
  • the method may further comprise a step of mounting the stud made on a base of the foundations, and a step in which concrete is poured into the metal cage of the stud.
  • the method may further comprise, after the step of mounting the realized pad, a step of adjusting the inclination of the first face.
  • the structure 2 can be a station support, for example a station pylon to support the upper structure of the station.
  • the structure 2 can be a line pylon as illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • the line pylon is generally provided with a rocker, not shown here for simplification purposes, to support the aerial cable of the ski lift on which are hung the transport vehicles.
  • the anchoring device 1 comprises a stud 3 intended to support the structure 2.
  • the anchoring device 1 may comprise a soleplate 4.
  • the soleplate 4 is intended to receive the stud 3 to increase the stability of the anchoring device 1
  • the sole 4 can be placed directly on the ground, preferably on the bottom of a pit made in the ground.
  • the sole 4 is made of concrete and rests on a concrete slab 5.
  • the stud 3 comprises anchoring means 6, a metal cage 7 and a flexible formwork 8, not shown on the figures 1 and 2 for simplification purposes.
  • the flexible formwork 8 is illustrated in Figures 4, 5 , and 7 to 9 .
  • the anchoring means 6 are configured to receive the structure 2 of the mechanical lift. In other words, the anchoring means 6 mechanically fix the structure 2 to the stud 3.
  • the anchoring means 6 can comprise several anchoring rods 9.
  • the anchoring rods 9 make it possible to fix the body of the pylon 2 on the stud 3.
  • the anchor rods 9 are arranged in a circle and are held parallel to each other by means of at least one hollow disk 10.
  • the anchoring rods 9 and the, or the, hollow disk (s) 10 are preferably of metal.
  • the metal cage 7 is made from intertwined metal rods, for example steel or copper or iron.
  • the cage 7 comprises a housing 11 for receiving the anchoring means 6.
  • the cage 7 has a hexahedral shape and comprises six faces 12 to 17.
  • the cage 7 has a shape of a right prism.
  • the cage 7 has two opposite parallel faces 14, 16 which are right trapezes.
  • the cage 7 comprises a first face 12 provided with the housing 11 to receive the anchoring means 6, a second face 13 opposite the first face 12, and four lateral faces 14 to 17 which are joint.
  • the cage 7 can comprise support belts 18 to 20 made from angle iron or T-shaped metal bars.
  • the cage 7 comprises at least two support belts 18, 19 which are intended to fix the anchoring means 6 to the cage 7.
  • the angles 18 to 20 are preferably welded to the metal rods of the cage 7.
  • the cage 7 comprises a first support belt 18 located at one end of the a cage, around the first face 12, a second support belt 19 parallel to the first belt 18 and located about halfway up the cage 7, and a third belt 20 located at the other end of the cage 7, around of the second face 13.
  • the third belt 20 allows a good seating of the stud 3 on the sole 4.
  • the first and second support belts 18, 19 comprise transverse bars 21 on which are fixed rods anchoring means 9.
  • an anchor rod 9 can be fastened to a transverse bar 21 by means of a locking stirrup 22 and two bolts 23 to lock the anchor rod 9 against the crossbar 21.
  • first ends of a set of anchoring rods 9 are fixed to the first belt 18.
  • other locking brackets may also be used to fix the other ends of the rods.
  • anchoring 9 of this assembly to the second support belt 19.
  • the anchoring means 6 are fixed by means of eight locking brackets 22, four of which cooperate with the first support belt 18 and four others. cooperate with the second support belt 19.
  • the metal cage 7 is made so that the first face 12 is inclined relative to the second face 13 in a non-zero slope.
  • the slope can be between 5% and 35%.
  • the slope can be equal to 5%, 20% or 35%, so as to provide a range of standardized pads for which the slope is refined at the factory.
  • the realization of the pad 3 in the factory makes it possible to control the design of the metal structure of the pad 3 and thus provide an anchoring device 1 of better quality compared to an anchor pad made on site and therefore subject to external constraints.
  • the stud 3 of the anchoring device 1 proposed is intended to be made of concrete.
  • the concrete is preferably cast in situ, and it is therefore proposed a pad 3 which can be transportable.
  • the stud 3 is transportable and maintains the integrity of the anchoring means 6, the metal cage 7 and the flexible form 8.
  • the stud may have a mass of between 900 Kg and 3500 Kg.
  • the mass of the pad 3 is between 900 Kg and 1000 Kg to be transportable easily by helicopter.
  • the flexible formwork 8 is particularly light and deformable with respect to the wooden formwork used in the prior art. Moreover, the flexible formwork 8 is deformable so as to be disposed around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7, while being resistant to retain the concrete poured into the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 may comprise a plastic coating 24, preferably a thermoplastic coating 24 made of polyethylene. Such a coating 24 mainly comprises carbon and hydrogen, it is therefore neither toxic nor pollutant for groundwater.
  • such a formwork has a mass per unit area of about 3 kg per m 2 which is less than that of the wood used for formwork, which is generally between 3.5 and 11 kg per m 2 .
  • the flexible formwork 8 may be made of a material based on a copolymer comprising polypropylene and polyethylene. This material is resistant to retaining cast concrete, while having deformable properties to be bent and cut easily. This material copolymer may have a basis weight of between 250 and 2000 gr per m 2 , it is in this case particularly light.
  • the coating 24 may comprise two films 25, 26 superimposed on one another.
  • the coating 24 may, in addition, comprise a metal mesh 27 so as to stiffen the coating 24 to facilitate the retention of the cast concrete within the cage 7.
  • the coating 24 comprises a single film 25, the film 25 is disposed between the intercrossed metal rods of the cage 7 and the metal mesh 27.
  • the coating 24 comprises two films 25, 26 and the metal mesh 27 is preferably inserted between the two films 25, 26.
  • the coating 24 thus formed is preferably arranged against the interlocking metal rods of the cage 7 and outside thereof.
  • Such flexible formwork 8 can be easily cut to achieve a two-dimensional pattern to suitably cover the side faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 can be easily folded according to the shape of the cage 7 The flexible formwork 8 is thus easy to mount around the cage 7, it does not require a lifting device to arrange it around the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 is mounted around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7.
  • the coating 24 covers the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7.
  • the coating 24 may also be disposed of Inside the cage 7.
  • the coating 24 is disposed outside the metal cage 7 to facilitate attachment to the cage 7.
  • the coating 24 may be fixed to the metal rods of the cage 7 by means of fasteners 28.
  • the coating 24 provided with two films 25, 26 may comprise an additional mesh 29, preferably metal, arranged against the outer film 26 of the coating 24.
  • the stud 3 may comprise an end formwork 30 located at the first face 12 of the metal cage 7.
  • the end formwork 30 may be made from the coating 24, or may be made of wood.
  • the wooden end casing 30 advantageously protects the flexible formwork 8 during a step of transporting the stud 3 and during a step of adjusting the orientation of the first face 12 of the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 comprises at least one corrugated plate 40.
  • the corrugated plate 40 is made from the copolymer comprising polypropylene and polyethylene.
  • Such flexible formwork 8 can be easily cut to form a two-dimensional pattern to suitably cover the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 comprises four cut-out honeycomb plates for respectively covering the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 provided with at least one corrugated plate 40 is mounted around the side faces 14 to 17 and outside the metal cage 7, as shown in FIG. figure 5a .
  • the metal mesh 27 may be located against the honeycomb plates to maintain them against the metal cage 7.
  • the flexible form is mounted inside the metal cage 7, against the intercrossed metal rods of the cage 7.
  • the flexible formwork 8 comprises a plurality of honeycomb plates arranged one against the other is forming a set of plates mounted around the side faces and outside the metal cage 7.
  • each dimpled plate makes it possible to insert bars of the metal mesh 27 inside the cells.
  • the cells of a blister plate 40 may be oriented parallel to the edges of the side faces 14 to 17 which connect them together.
  • the cells may be longitudinal, that is to say they extend from the first face 12 to the second face 13 of the cage 7.
  • the cells of a honeycomb plate may be oriented perpendicularly at the edges of side faces 14 to 17. In this case, the cells extend from a side face to the opposite side face.
  • the anchoring method may comprise an initial step S0 for mounting the sole 4, as illustrated in FIG. figure 6 .
  • the concrete slab 5 is made by embedding the cables 31 in the slab 5, and a metal structure 32 of the sole 4 is produced on the concrete slab 5.
  • the cables 31 are tensile-resistant, preferably of steel.
  • the metal structure 32 comprises a mesh of metal rods, and the structure 32 further comprises a receiving space 33 to integrate the stud 3 in the sole 4.
  • the method further comprises a step of producing the stud 3, during which the metal cage 7 provided with the housing 11 is designed to receive the anchoring means 6, the anchoring means 6 are mounted in the housing 11, in In particular, the anchoring means 6 are fixed to the metal cage 7, then the flexible formwork 8 is placed around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7.
  • the step of producing the stud 3 is carried out in a zone outside the mounting site of the anchoring device 1, for example in a sheltered area.
  • the method comprises a step of transporting the stud 3 while maintaining the integrity of the stud 3. The stud 3 is transported from the zone where it is made to the site where it is located. mounts the anchoring device 1.
  • the method may comprise a step in which additional metal bars are welded to the structure 32 of the sole 4 and the interlocking metal rods of the cage 7. This step of optional welding makes it possible to connect the metal structures of the sole 4 and the pad 3 to reinforce the anchoring device 1.
  • the method can comprise, after the mounting step S1, a step S2 of adjusting the inclination of the first face 12 of the cage 7, as illustrated in FIG. figure 8 .
  • the cables 31, embedded partially in the concrete slab 5 are connected to the stud 3, for example by means of straps.
  • the straps are provided with adjustment means for adjusting the tension of the straps.
  • the user can refine the position of the pad 3 relative to the sole 4.
  • the user can thus adjust the orientation of the first face 12 of the cage 7 relative to the ground.
  • the straps thus put under tension allow to stabilize the pad 3 during the pouring stage of the concrete.
  • the stud 3 comprises a wooden end form 30 hooked to the metal cage 7
  • the straps are attached to the end form 30 so as not to deform the cage 7 when the straps are tensioned.
  • concrete is poured to form the sole 4, as shown in FIG. figure 9 .
  • the method comprises a step S4, illustrated in FIG. figure 10 , in which concrete is poured into the metal cage 7 to form the concrete pad 3.
  • the step S3 of realization of the sole 4 of concrete and step S4 in which concrete is poured to form the concrete pad 3, are carried out successively without waiting for the drying of the sole 4 Alternatively, it is possible to wait for the concrete sole 4 to dry before pouring concrete into the cage 7 to form the concrete pad 3.
  • the straps are cut, the anchoring device 1 is then ready to receive the work 2. Then, the pit in which the concrete slab 5 has been laid is filled in to finalize the assembly. .
  • an upper part of the metal cage 7 and the flexible formwork 8 are cut, that is to say a part located at the level of the first face 12, in order to leave the concrete visible in the upper part of the stud 3.
  • the device and the anchoring method which have just been described make it possible to provide a robust and fast anchoring device for mounting on site.
  • an anchoring device is standardized to offer the possibility of tilting the structure that it supports with an inclination whose value is controlled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention est relative à l'ancrage des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique, notamment des remontées mécaniques à câble aérien, tel un téléski, un télésiège ou une télécabine, et en particulier à l'ancrage d'un pylône de ligne d'une remontée mécanique.The invention relates to the anchoring of the foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular ropeway lifts, such as a ski lift, a chairlift or a gondola lift, and in particular to the anchoring of a railway line pylon. a ski lift.

État de la techniqueState of the art

Actuellement, la construction d'un ouvrage de remontée mécanique, telle une station d'embarquement de personnes, une station de débarquement, ou un pylône de ligne, est généralement longue et complexe. En outre, la construction étant effectuée en plein air, celle-ci est soumise aux contraintes extérieures, telles les contraintes de sécurité de travail en hauteur, les contraintes de montage et de réglages des différents éléments et les intempéries qui peuvent retarder le montage de l'ouvrage, notamment pendant la période d'hiver. De manière générale, pour monter l'ouvrage, on creuse une fosse et on réalise des fondations comprenant un, ou plusieurs, dispositif d'ancrage en béton destiné à supporter l'ouvrage. Lorsque l'ouvrage est une station, il comprend, entre autre, une poulie d'entraînement du câble de traction transportant les véhicules. Lorsque l'ouvrage est un pylône de ligne, il comprend, entre autre, un corps de pylône sur lequel repose un balancier à galets.Currently, the construction of a mechanical lift, such as a boarding station, a landing station, or a line tower, is generally long and complex. In addition, the construction being carried out in the open air, it is subject to external constraints, such as work safety constraints at height, assembly and adjustment constraints of the various elements and weather that can delay the assembly of the book, especially during the winter period. In general, to mount the structure, a pit is dug and foundations are made comprising one or more concrete anchoring devices intended to support the structure. When the structure is a station, it includes, among other things, a traction sheave pulley carrying the vehicles. When the structure is a line pylon, it includes, among other things, a pylon body on which rests a pebble beam.

On peut citer la demande de brevet français FR2255200 qui divulgue une station d'un télésiège, comprenant une ossature métallique de suspension d'une poulie. L'ossature métallique comprend deux palées triangulaires ayant chacune deux pieds en fer assemblés en « V » renversé. Les bases des pieds sont fixées à des massifs d'ancrage constitués par des blocs de béton. Les dispositifs d'ancrage en béton sont coulés sur le lieu de montage de la station à l'aide de coffrages perdus en bois. Il est également nécessaire de couler au préalable une dalle en béton, nommée « béton de propreté », sur laquelle les dispositifs d'ancrage sont réalisés. Mais il faut laisser sécher la dalle de béton et les dispositifs d'ancrage pendant un temps assez long, sept jours au minimum, ce qui ralentit la construction de la station. Par ailleurs, le séchage est fortement influencé par les conditions météorologiques, ce qui ralentit encore le procédé de montage de la station.We can quote the French patent application FR2255200 which discloses a station of a chairlift, comprising a suspension metal frame a pulley. The metal frame includes two triangular piers each having two iron feet assembled in an inverted "V". The bases of the feet are attached to anchor blocks consisting of concrete blocks. Concrete anchors are poured onto the station's assembly site using lost wooden formwork. It is also necessary to first pour a concrete slab, called "concrete cleanliness", on which the anchoring devices are made. However, the concrete slab and the anchoring devices must be allowed to dry for a long time, at least seven days, which slows the construction of the station. Furthermore, the drying is strongly influenced by the weather conditions, which further slows the process of mounting the station.

En particulier, lorsqu'on réalise un dispositif d'ancrage pour un pylône de ligne, la surface du dispositif d'ancrage destinée à recevoir le corps du pylône peut être inclinée selon une pente non nulle par rapport au sol de façon à incliner le pylône et ainsi permettre une déviation du câble aérien. Cependant, lorsqu'on coule le béton sur place pour réaliser un tel dispositif d'ancrage à surface inclinée, il est difficile d'obtenir rapidement l'inclinaison souhaitée.In particular, when an anchoring device for a line pylon is produced, the surface of the anchoring device intended to receive the body of the pylon may be inclined at a non-zero slope with respect to the ground so as to incline the pylon. and thus allow a deflection of the aerial cable. However, when pouring the concrete on site to make such an inclined surface anchoring device, it is difficult to quickly obtain the desired inclination.

En outre, certains ouvrages de remontée mécanique à câble aérien sont parfois montés sur des sites qui sont difficiles d'accès, soit parce que le site est éloigné d'une route, soit parce que le site est en pente. Par exemple les pylônes de ligne de telles remontées sont montés sur des pentes pouvant aller jusqu'à 45%, et la plupart des stations de débarquement des personnes se trouvent au sommet des pistes et ne sont pas accessibles par camion. Il est donc nécessaire de transporter les différents éléments pour réaliser les dispositifs d'ancrage, puis de monter les dispositifs d'ancrage sur site.In addition, some aerial ropeway lifts are sometimes mounted on sites that are difficult to access, either because the site is remote from a road or because the site is sloping. For example the line towers of such lifts are mounted on slopes of up to 45%, and most of the landing stations for people are at the top of the slopes and are not accessible by truck. It is therefore necessary to transport the various elements to carry out the anchoring devices, and then to mount the anchoring devices on site.

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

Un objet de l'invention consiste à pallier les inconvénients cités ci-avant, et en particulier à fournir un dispositif d'ancrage pour des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique qui soit transportable et facile à monter sur site, tout en étant suffisamment robuste pour remplir les normes de sécurité exigées.An object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, and in particular to provide an anchoring device for foundations lift structure that is transportable and easy to mount on site, while being sufficiently robust to meet the required safety standards.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir un pylône de ligne d'une remontée mécanique muni d'un tel dispositif d'ancrage.Another object of the invention is to provide a line pylon of a mechanical lift provided with such an anchoring device.

Encore un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir un procédé d'ancrage pour des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique qui soit rapide à exécuter.Yet another object of the invention is to provide an anchoring method for mechanical lift structure foundations that is quick to execute.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un dispositif d'ancrage pour des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique, notamment à câble aérien, comprenant un plot destiné à supporter l'ouvrage.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an anchoring device for foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular aerial cable, comprising a stud intended to support the structure.

Le plot comporte :

  • des moyens d'ancrage configurés pour recevoir l'ouvrage ;
  • une cage métallique comprenant un logement pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage ; et
  • un coffrage souple monté autour des faces latérales de la cage métallique pour retenir un béton coulé au sein de la cage métallique.
The plot comprises:
  • anchoring means configured to receive the work;
  • a metal cage comprising a housing for receiving the anchoring means; and
  • a flexible formwork mounted around the lateral faces of the metal cage to retain a cast concrete within the metal cage.

On fournit ainsi un dispositif d'ancrage facilement transportable, notamment par hélicoptère. En effet, le plot est transportable et conserve l'intégrité des moyens d'ancrage, de la cage métallique, et du coffrage souple. Ainsi, le plot peut être acheminé en un seul ensemble d'éléments solidaires entre eux. Un tel dispositif d'ancrage est rapide à monter sur site. En outre, le plot peut être réalisé en usine et l'étape de fabrication du plot peut ne plus être soumise aux intempéries. On peut en outre obtenir une meilleure précision sur la fabrication des dispositifs d'ancrage pour garantir une meilleure robustesse à la remontée mécanique. Par ailleurs, un tel plot permet de fournir un dispositif d'ancrage plus facilement transportable de l'usine de fabrication vers le site de montage de l'ouvrage de la remontée mécanique.An anchoring device is thus easily transportable, in particular by helicopter. Indeed, the stud is transportable and maintains the integrity of the anchoring means, the metal cage, and flexible formwork. Thus, the stud can be routed in a single set of elements integral with each other. Such an anchoring device is quick to mount on site. In addition, the pad can be made in the factory and the stud manufacturing step can no longer be subjected to the weather. In addition, we can obtain a better precision on the manufacture of anchoring devices to ensure greater strength at the lift. Moreover, such a stud makes it possible to provide a more easily transportable anchoring device from the manufacturing plant to the assembly site of the lift structure.

Le coffrage souple peut comprendre un revêtement en plastique.The flexible formwork may include a plastic coating.

Le coffrage souple peut comporter au moins une plaque alvéolée.The flexible formwork may comprise at least one dimpled plate.

Le coffrage souple peut comporter en outre un maillage métallique.The flexible formwork may further comprise a metal mesh.

Le coffrage souple peut être disposé à l'extérieur de la cage métallique.The flexible formwork can be arranged outside the metal cage.

La cage métallique peut comporter une première face munie du logement pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage et une deuxième face opposée à la première face, la première face étant inclinée par rapport à la deuxième face selon une pente non nulle.The metal cage may comprise a first face provided with the housing for receiving the anchoring means and a second face opposite to the first face, the first face being inclined relative to the second face along a non-zero slope.

Ainsi, on fournit un dispositif d'ancrage ayant une face inclinée, pour incliner l'ouvrage, dont la pente d'inclinaison est maîtrisée. Un tel dispositif d'ancrage est donc standardisé et permet de répondre aux différents besoins des installateurs de remontées mécaniques.Thus, there is provided an anchoring device having an inclined face, for tilting the structure, whose slope slope is controlled. Such an anchoring device is standardized and can meet the different needs of cableway installers.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un pylône de ligne de remontée mécanique, comprenant au moins un dispositif d'ancrage tel que défini ci-avant.According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a lift line pylon, comprising at least one anchoring device as defined above.

Selon encore un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un procédé d'ancrage pour des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique, notamment à câble aérien, comprenant un plot destiné à supporter l'ouvrage.According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided an anchoring method for foundations of a mechanical lift structure, in particular aerial cable, comprising a stud intended to support the structure.

Le procédé comporte une étape de réalisation du plot dans laquelle :

  • on élabore une cage métallique comprenant un logement ;
  • on monte, dans le logement de la cage métallique, des moyens d'ancrage configurés pour recevoir l'ouvrage ; et
  • on monte un coffrage souple autour des faces latérales de la cage métallique pour retenir un béton coulé au sein de la cage métallique.
The method comprises a step of producing the stud in which:
  • a metal cage is constructed comprising a housing;
  • mounted in the housing of the metal cage, anchoring means configured to receive the work; and
  • a flexible formwork is mounted around the lateral faces of the metal cage to retain a poured concrete within the metal cage.

L'étape de montage du coffrage souple peut comporter une disposition du coffrage souple à l'extérieur de la cage métallique.The step of mounting the flexible formwork may include a provision of the flexible formwork outside the metal cage.

L'étape d'élaboration de la cage métallique peut comporter une réalisation d'une première face de la cage métallique munie du logement pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage et inclinée par rapport à une deuxième face opposée à la première face selon une pente non nulle.The step of developing the metal cage may comprise an embodiment of a first face of the metal cage provided with the housing for receiving the anchoring means and inclined relative to a second face opposite to the first face in a non-directional slope. nothing.

Le procédé peut comprendre, après l'étape de réalisation du plot, une étape de transport du plot en conservant l'intégrité des moyens d'ancrage, de la cage métallique, et du coffrage souple.The method may comprise, after the step of producing the stud, a step of transporting the stud while maintaining the integrity of the anchoring means, the metal cage, and the flexible formwork.

Le procédé peut comprendre en outre une étape de montage du plot réalisé sur une semelle des fondations, et une étape dans laquelle on coule du béton au sein de la cage métallique du plot.The method may further comprise a step of mounting the stud made on a base of the foundations, and a step in which concrete is poured into the metal cage of the stud.

Le procédé peut en outre comprendre, après l'étape de montage du plot réalisé, une étape de réglage de l'inclinaison de la première face.The method may further comprise, after the step of mounting the realized pad, a step of adjusting the inclination of the first face.

Ainsi, on peut affiner le réglage de l'inclinaison du plot sur site avant de couler le béton.Thus, it is possible to refine the adjustment of the inclination of the stud on site before pouring the concrete.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, illustre schématiquement une vue latérale d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2, illustre schématiquement une vue de dessus du plot du dispositif d'ancrage de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3, illustre de façon schématique un mode de réalisation d'une fixation des moyens d'ancrage à une cage métallique ;
  • la figure 4, illustre de façon schématique une vue latérale d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 5, illustre de façon schématique un mode de réalisation d'une fixation d'un coffrage souple à une cage métallique ;
  • la figure 5a, illustre de façon schématique une vue de dessus du plot selon un autre mode de réalisation ; et
  • les figures 6 à 10, illustrent schématiquement les principales étapes d'un procédé d'ancrage selon l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementation of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 , schematically illustrates a side view of an embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 , schematically illustrates a view from above of the stud of the anchoring device of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 , schematically illustrates an embodiment of a fixing of the anchoring means to a metal cage;
  • the figure 4 , schematically illustrates a side view of another embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention;
  • the figure 5 , schematically illustrates an embodiment of a fixation of a flexible formwork to a metal cage;
  • the figure 5a , schematically illustrates a top view of the pad according to another embodiment; and
  • the Figures 6 to 10 , schematically illustrate the main steps of an anchoring method according to the invention.

Description détailléedetailed description

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté schématiquement un dispositif d'ancrage 1 pour des fondations d'un ouvrage 2 de remontée mécanique, notamment d'une remontée mécanique à câble aérien. L'ouvrage 2 peut être un support de station, par exemple un pylône de station pour supporter la structure supérieure de la station. Par exemple, l'ouvrage 2 peut être un pylône de ligne tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1. Le pylône de ligne est généralement muni d'un balancier, non représenté ici à des fins de simplification, pour supporter le câble aérien de la remontée mécanique sur lequel sont accrochés les véhicules de transport. Le dispositif d'ancrage 1 comporte un plot 3 destiné à supporter l'ouvrage 2. Le dispositif d'ancrage 1 peut comporter une semelle 4. La semelle 4 est destinée à recevoir le plot 3 pour augmenter la stabilité du dispositif d'ancrage 1. En particulier, la semelle 4 peut être posée directement sur le sol, de préférence sur le fond d'une fosse réalisée dans le sol. Avantageusement, la semelle 4 est réalisée en béton et repose sur une dalle de béton 5.On the figures 1 and 2 schematically shows an anchoring device 1 for foundations of a structure 2 of mechanical lift, including an aerial rope lift. The structure 2 can be a station support, for example a station pylon to support the upper structure of the station. For example, the structure 2 can be a line pylon as illustrated on the figure 1 . The line pylon is generally provided with a rocker, not shown here for simplification purposes, to support the aerial cable of the ski lift on which are hung the transport vehicles. The anchoring device 1 comprises a stud 3 intended to support the structure 2. The anchoring device 1 may comprise a soleplate 4. The soleplate 4 is intended to receive the stud 3 to increase the stability of the anchoring device 1 In particular, the sole 4 can be placed directly on the ground, preferably on the bottom of a pit made in the ground. Advantageously, the sole 4 is made of concrete and rests on a concrete slab 5.

Le plot 3 comporte des moyens d'ancrage 6, une cage métallique 7 et un coffrage souple 8, non représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 à des fins de simplification. Le coffrage souple 8 est illustré aux figures 4, 5, et 7 à 9.The stud 3 comprises anchoring means 6, a metal cage 7 and a flexible formwork 8, not shown on the figures 1 and 2 for simplification purposes. The flexible formwork 8 is illustrated in Figures 4, 5 , and 7 to 9 .

Les moyens d'ancrage 6 sont configurés pour recevoir l'ouvrage 2 de remontée mécanique. En d'autres termes, les moyens d'ancrage 6 fixent mécaniquement l'ouvrage 2 au plot 3. Les moyens d'ancrage 6 peuvent comporter plusieurs tiges d'ancrage 9. Les tiges d'ancrage 9 permettent de fixer le corps du pylône 2 sur le plot 3. Par exemple, les tiges d'ancrages 9 sont disposées en cercle et sont maintenues parallèles entre elles à l'aide d'au moins un disque creux 10. Les tiges d'ancrages 9 et le, ou les, disque(s) creux 10 sont de préférence en métal.The anchoring means 6 are configured to receive the structure 2 of the mechanical lift. In other words, the anchoring means 6 mechanically fix the structure 2 to the stud 3. The anchoring means 6 can comprise several anchoring rods 9. The anchoring rods 9 make it possible to fix the body of the pylon 2 on the stud 3. For example, the anchor rods 9 are arranged in a circle and are held parallel to each other by means of at least one hollow disk 10. The anchoring rods 9 and the, or the, hollow disk (s) 10 are preferably of metal.

La cage métallique 7 est réalisée à partir de tiges métalliques entrecroisées, par exemple en acier ou en cuivre ou en fer. La cage 7 comporte un logement 11 pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage 6. De façon générale, la cage 7 a une forme hexaédrique et comporte six faces 12 à 17. En particulier, la cage 7 a une forme d'un prisme droit. Par exemple, la cage 7 a deux faces opposées parallèles 14, 16 qui sont des trapèzes rectangles. De façon générale, la cage 7 comporte une première face 12 munie du logement 11 pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage 6, une deuxième face 13 opposée à la première face 12, et quatre faces latérales 14 à 17 qui sont conjointes.The metal cage 7 is made from intertwined metal rods, for example steel or copper or iron. The cage 7 comprises a housing 11 for receiving the anchoring means 6. In general, the cage 7 has a hexahedral shape and comprises six faces 12 to 17. In particular, the cage 7 has a shape of a right prism. For example, the cage 7 has two opposite parallel faces 14, 16 which are right trapezes. In general, the cage 7 comprises a first face 12 provided with the housing 11 to receive the anchoring means 6, a second face 13 opposite the first face 12, and four lateral faces 14 to 17 which are joint.

Par ailleurs, la cage 7 peut comprendre des ceintures de support 18 à 20 réalisées à partir de cornières, ou barres métalliques en forme de T. De préférence, la cage 7 comporte au moins deux ceintures de support 18, 19 qui sont destinées à fixer les moyens d'ancrage 6 à la cage 7. Les cornières 18 à 20 sont de préférences soudées aux tiges métalliques de la cage 7. Selon un mode de réalisation, la cage 7 comporte une première ceinture de support 18 située à une extrémité de la cage, autour de la première face 12, une deuxième ceinture de support 19 parallèle à la première ceinture 18 et située à environ mi-hauteur de la cage 7, et une troisième ceinture 20 située à l'autre extrémité de la cage 7, autour de la deuxième face 13. En particulier, la troisième ceinture 20 permet une bonne assise du plot 3 sur la semelle 4. Les premières et deuxième ceintures de support 18, 19 comportent des barres transversales 21 sur lesquelles sont fixées des tiges d'ancrage 9 des moyens d'ancrage 6. Par exemple, comme illustré à la figure 3, une tige d'ancrage 9 peut être fixée à une barre transversale 21 à l'aide d'un étrier de blocage 22 et deux boulons 23 pour bloquer la tige d'ancrage 9 contre la barre transversale 21. Ainsi, des premières extrémités d'un ensemble de tiges d'ancrage 9 sont fixées à la première ceinture 18. Afin de consolider la fixation des moyens d'ancrage 6 à la cage 7, on peut également utiliser d'autres étriers de blocage pour fixer les autres extrémités des tiges d'ancrage 9 de cet ensemble à la deuxième ceinture de support 19. Par exemple, on fixe les moyens d'ancrage 6 à l'aide de huit étriers de blocage 22, dont quatre coopèrent avec la première ceinture de support 18 et quatre autres coopèrent avec la deuxième ceinture de support 19.Furthermore, the cage 7 can comprise support belts 18 to 20 made from angle iron or T-shaped metal bars. Preferably, the cage 7 comprises at least two support belts 18, 19 which are intended to fix the anchoring means 6 to the cage 7. The angles 18 to 20 are preferably welded to the metal rods of the cage 7. According to one embodiment, the cage 7 comprises a first support belt 18 located at one end of the a cage, around the first face 12, a second support belt 19 parallel to the first belt 18 and located about halfway up the cage 7, and a third belt 20 located at the other end of the cage 7, around of the second face 13. In particular, the third belt 20 allows a good seating of the stud 3 on the sole 4. The first and second support belts 18, 19 comprise transverse bars 21 on which are fixed rods anchoring means 9. For example, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , an anchor rod 9 can be fastened to a transverse bar 21 by means of a locking stirrup 22 and two bolts 23 to lock the anchor rod 9 against the crossbar 21. Thus, first ends of a set of anchoring rods 9 are fixed to the first belt 18. In order to consolidate the fixing of the anchoring means 6 to the cage 7, other locking brackets may also be used to fix the other ends of the rods. anchoring 9 of this assembly to the second support belt 19. For example, the anchoring means 6 are fixed by means of eight locking brackets 22, four of which cooperate with the first support belt 18 and four others. cooperate with the second support belt 19.

En particulier, la cage métallique 7 est réalisée de sorte que la première face 12 est inclinée par rapport à la deuxième face 13 selon une pente non nulle. Par exemple, la pente peut être comprise entre 5% et 35%. En particulier, la pente peut être égale à 5%, 20% ou 35%, de manière à fournir une gamme de plots standardisés pour lesquels la pente est affinée en usine. La réalisation du plot 3 en usine permet de maîtriser la conception de la structure métallique du plot 3 et fournir ainsi un dispositif d'ancrage 1 de meilleur qualité par rapport à un plot d'ancrage réalisé sur site et donc soumis aux contraintes extérieures.In particular, the metal cage 7 is made so that the first face 12 is inclined relative to the second face 13 in a non-zero slope. For example, the slope can be between 5% and 35%. In particular, the slope can be equal to 5%, 20% or 35%, so as to provide a range of standardized pads for which the slope is refined at the factory. The realization of the pad 3 in the factory makes it possible to control the design of the metal structure of the pad 3 and thus provide an anchoring device 1 of better quality compared to an anchor pad made on site and therefore subject to external constraints.

Par ailleurs, le plot 3 du dispositif d'ancrage 1 proposé est destiné à être réalisé en béton. Le béton est de préférence coulé sur place, et il est donc proposé un plot 3 qui puisse être transportable. Selon l'invention, le plot 3 est transportable et conserve l'intégrité des moyens d'ancrage 6, de la cage métallique 7 et du coffrage souple 8. Par exemple, le plot peut avoir une masse comprise entre 900 Kg et 3500 Kg. Préférentiellement, la masse du plot 3 est comprise entre 900 Kg et 1000 Kg pour être transportable facilement par hélicoptère.Furthermore, the stud 3 of the anchoring device 1 proposed is intended to be made of concrete. The concrete is preferably cast in situ, and it is therefore proposed a pad 3 which can be transportable. According to the invention, the stud 3 is transportable and maintains the integrity of the anchoring means 6, the metal cage 7 and the flexible form 8. For example, the stud may have a mass of between 900 Kg and 3500 Kg. Preferably, the mass of the pad 3 is between 900 Kg and 1000 Kg to be transportable easily by helicopter.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté un mode de réalisation du coffrage souple 8. Le coffrage souple 8 est en particulier léger et déformable par rapport aux coffrages en bois utilisés dans l'art antérieur. Par ailleurs, le coffrage souple 8 est déformable de façon à pouvoir être disposé sur le pourtour des faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage métallique 7, tout en étant résistant pour retenir le béton coulé au sein de la cage 7. Le coffrage souple 8 peut comprendre un revêtement en plastique 24, de préférence un revêtement thermoplastique 24 en polyéthylène. Un tel revêtement 24 comprend principalement du carbone et de l'hydrogène, il n'est donc ni toxique, ni polluant pour les nappes phréatiques. En outre, un tel coffrage a une masse surfacique d'environ 3 Kg par m2 qui est inférieure à celle des bois utilisés pour les coffrages qui est généralement comprise entre 3,5 et 11 Kg par m2.On the figure 4 an embodiment of the flexible formwork 8 is shown. The flexible formwork 8 is particularly light and deformable with respect to the wooden formwork used in the prior art. Moreover, the flexible formwork 8 is deformable so as to be disposed around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7, while being resistant to retain the concrete poured into the cage 7. The flexible formwork 8 may comprise a plastic coating 24, preferably a thermoplastic coating 24 made of polyethylene. Such a coating 24 mainly comprises carbon and hydrogen, it is therefore neither toxic nor pollutant for groundwater. In addition, such a formwork has a mass per unit area of about 3 kg per m 2 which is less than that of the wood used for formwork, which is generally between 3.5 and 11 kg per m 2 .

Plus particulièrement, le coffrage souple 8 peut être réalisé dans un matériau à base d'un copolymère comprenant du polypropylène et du polyéthylène. Ce matériau est résistant pour retenir du béton coulé, tout en ayant des propriétés déformables pour être plié et découpé facilement. Ce matériau copolymère peut avoir une masse surfacique comprise entre 250 et 2000 gr par m2, il est dans ce cas particulièrement léger.More particularly, the flexible formwork 8 may be made of a material based on a copolymer comprising polypropylene and polyethylene. This material is resistant to retaining cast concrete, while having deformable properties to be bent and cut easily. This material copolymer may have a basis weight of between 250 and 2000 gr per m 2 , it is in this case particularly light.

Par exemple, le revêtement 24 peut comprendre deux films 25, 26 superposés l'un sur l'autre. Le revêtement 24 peut, en outre, comprendre un maillage métallique 27 de façon à rigidifier le revêtement 24 pour faciliter le maintien du béton coulé au sein de la cage 7. Par exemple, lorsque le revêtement 24 comporte un seul film 25, le film 25 est disposé entre les tiges métalliques entrecroisées de la cage 7 et le maillage métallique 27. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le revêtement 24 comporte deux films 25, 26 et le maillage métallique 27 est de préférence inséré entre les deux films 25, 26. Le revêtement 24 ainsi formé est disposé de préférence contre les tiges métalliques entrecroisées de la cage 7 et à l'extérieur de celle-ci. Un tel coffrage souple 8 peut être facilement coupé pour réaliser un patron à deux dimensions afin de couvrir convenablement les faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage 7. En outre le coffrage souple 8 peut être facilement plié en fonction de la forme de la cage 7. Le coffrage souple 8 est donc facile à monter autour de la cage 7, il ne nécessite pas d'appareil de levage pour le disposer autour de la cage 7.For example, the coating 24 may comprise two films 25, 26 superimposed on one another. The coating 24 may, in addition, comprise a metal mesh 27 so as to stiffen the coating 24 to facilitate the retention of the cast concrete within the cage 7. For example, when the coating 24 comprises a single film 25, the film 25 is disposed between the intercrossed metal rods of the cage 7 and the metal mesh 27. According to another embodiment, the coating 24 comprises two films 25, 26 and the metal mesh 27 is preferably inserted between the two films 25, 26. The coating 24 thus formed is preferably arranged against the interlocking metal rods of the cage 7 and outside thereof. Such flexible formwork 8 can be easily cut to achieve a two-dimensional pattern to suitably cover the side faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7. In addition the flexible formwork 8 can be easily folded according to the shape of the cage 7 The flexible formwork 8 is thus easy to mount around the cage 7, it does not require a lifting device to arrange it around the cage 7.

Le coffrage souple 8 est monté autour des faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage métallique 7. Pour former le coffrage souple 8, le revêtement 24 couvre les faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage 7. Le revêtement 24 peut également être disposé à l'intérieur de la cage 7. Préférentiellement, le revêtement 24 est disposé à l'extérieur de la cage métallique 7 pour faciliter sa fixation sur la cage 7. Par exemple, comme illustré à la figure 5, le revêtement 24 peut être fixé aux tiges métalliques de la cage 7 à l'aide d'attaches 28. En outre, le revêtement 24 muni de deux films 25, 26 peut comporter un maillage additionnel 29, de préférence métallique, disposé contre le film extérieur 26 du revêtement 24. Par ailleurs, le plot 3 peut comporter un coffrage d'extrémité 30 situé au niveau de la première face 12 de la cage métallique 7. Le coffrage d'extrémité 30 peut être réalisé à partir du revêtement 24, ou peut être réalisé en bois. Le coffrage d'extrémité 30 en bois permet avantageusement de protéger le coffrage souple 8 lors d'une étape de transport du plot 3 et lors d'une étape de réglage de l'orientation de la première face 12 de la cage 7.The flexible formwork 8 is mounted around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7. To form the flexible formwork 8, the coating 24 covers the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7. The coating 24 may also be disposed of Inside the cage 7. Preferably, the coating 24 is disposed outside the metal cage 7 to facilitate attachment to the cage 7. For example, as shown in FIG. figure 5 , the coating 24 may be fixed to the metal rods of the cage 7 by means of fasteners 28. In addition, the coating 24 provided with two films 25, 26 may comprise an additional mesh 29, preferably metal, arranged against the outer film 26 of the coating 24. In addition, the stud 3 may comprise an end formwork 30 located at the first face 12 of the metal cage 7. The end formwork 30 may be made from the coating 24, or may be made of wood. The wooden end casing 30 advantageously protects the flexible formwork 8 during a step of transporting the stud 3 and during a step of adjusting the orientation of the first face 12 of the cage 7.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, illustré à la figure 5a, le coffrage souple 8 comporte au moins une plaque alvéolée 40. De préférence, la plaque alvéolée 40 est réalisée à partir du copolymère comprenant du polypropylène et du polyéthylène. Un tel coffrage souple 8 peut être facilement coupé pour réaliser un patron à deux dimensions afin de couvrir convenablement les faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage 7. En variante, le coffrage souple 8 comporte quatre plaques alvéolées découpées pour couvrir respectivement les faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage métallique 7. Le coffrage souple 8 muni d'au moins une plaque alvéolée 40 est monté autour des faces latérales 14 à 17 et à l'extérieur de la cage métallique 7, comme illustré sur la figure 5a. En outre, le maillage métallique 27 peut être situé contre les plaques alvéolées pour maintenir celles-ci contre la cage métallique 7. Selon un autre exemple, le coffrage souple est monté à l'intérieur de la cage métallique 7, contre les tiges métalliques entrecroisées de la cage 7. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le coffrage souple 8 comporte plusieurs plaques alvéolées disposées les unes contre les autres est formant un ensemble de plaques monté autour des faces latérales et à l'extérieur de la cage métallique 7. Par exemple, chaque plaque alvéolée permet d'insérer des barres du maillage métallique 27 à l'intérieur des alvéoles. Par ailleurs, les alvéoles d'une plaque alvéolée 40 peuvent être orientées parallèlement aux arrêtes des faces latérales 14 à 17 qui les relient entre elles. Les alvéoles peuvent être longitudinales, c'est-à-dire qu'elles s'étendent depuis la première face 12 jusqu'à la deuxième face 13 de la cage 7. En variante, les alvéoles d'une plaque alvéolée peuvent être orientées perpendiculairement aux arrêtes des faces latérales 14 à 17. Dans ce cas, les alvéoles s'étendent d'une face latérale à la face latérale qui lui est opposée.According to another embodiment, illustrated in figure 5a , the flexible formwork 8 comprises at least one corrugated plate 40. Preferably, the corrugated plate 40 is made from the copolymer comprising polypropylene and polyethylene. Such flexible formwork 8 can be easily cut to form a two-dimensional pattern to suitably cover the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7. In a variant, the flexible formwork 8 comprises four cut-out honeycomb plates for respectively covering the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the metal cage 7. The flexible formwork 8 provided with at least one corrugated plate 40 is mounted around the side faces 14 to 17 and outside the metal cage 7, as shown in FIG. figure 5a . In addition, the metal mesh 27 may be located against the honeycomb plates to maintain them against the metal cage 7. In another example, the flexible form is mounted inside the metal cage 7, against the intercrossed metal rods of the cage 7. According to another embodiment, the flexible formwork 8 comprises a plurality of honeycomb plates arranged one against the other is forming a set of plates mounted around the side faces and outside the metal cage 7. For example each dimpled plate makes it possible to insert bars of the metal mesh 27 inside the cells. Furthermore, the cells of a blister plate 40 may be oriented parallel to the edges of the side faces 14 to 17 which connect them together. The cells may be longitudinal, that is to say they extend from the first face 12 to the second face 13 of the cage 7. In a variant, the cells of a honeycomb plate may be oriented perpendicularly at the edges of side faces 14 to 17. In this case, the cells extend from a side face to the opposite side face.

Sur les figures 6 à 10, on a représenté les principales étapes d'un procédé d'ancrage pour des fondations d'ouvrage de remontée mécanique. Le procédé d'ancrage peut comporter une étape initiale S0 de montage de la semelle 4, telle qu'illustrée à la figure 6. Au cours de l'étape initiale S0, on réalise la dalle de béton 5, en noyant dans la dalle 5 des câbles 31, puis on élabore, sur la dalle en béton 5, une structure métallique 32 de la semelle 4. Les câbles 31 sont résistants à la traction, de préférence en acier. La structure métallique 32 comporte un maillage de tiges métallique, et la structure 32 comporte en outre un espace de réception 33 pour intégrer le plot 3 dans la semelle 4. Par ailleurs, on dispose un coffrage en bois 34 autour de la structure métallique 32 de la semelle 4 en vue de retenir un béton coulé de manière à former la semelle 4 en béton. Le procédé comprend en outre une étape de réalisation du plot 3, au cours de laquelle on élabore la cage métallique 7 munie du logement 11 pour recevoir les moyens d'ancrage 6, on monte les moyens d'ancrage 6 dans le logement 11, en particulier on fixe les moyens d'ancrage 6 à la cage métallique 7, puis on dispose le coffrage souple 8 autour des faces latérales 14 à 17 de la cage 7. En particulier, l'étape de réalisation du plot 3 est effectuée dans une zone en dehors du site de montage du dispositif d'ancrage 1, par exemple dans une zone abritée. Après l'étape de réalisation du plot 3, le procédé comprend une étape de transport du plot 3 tout en conservant l'intégrité du plot 3. On transporte le plot 3 depuis la zone où il est réalisé, vers le site où l'on monte le dispositif d'ancrage 1. Puis on monte S1 le plot réalisé 3 sur la semelle 4, comme illustré sur la figure 7. Plus particulièrement, on place le plot 3 au sein de l'espace de réception 33 de la semelle 4. Après l'étape de montage S1 du plot 3, le procédé peut comprendre une étape dans laquelle on soude des barres métalliques supplémentaires à la structure métallique 32 de la semelle 4 et aux tiges métalliques entrecroisées de la cage 7. Cette étape de soudure optionnelle permet de relier les structures métalliques de la semelle 4 et du plot 3 pour renforcer le dispositif d'ancrage 1. Puis, le procédé peut comprendre, après l'étape de montage S1, une étape S2 de réglage de l'inclinaison de la première face 12 de la cage 7, comme illustré à la figure 8. Au cours de l'étape de réglage S2, on relie les câbles 31, noyés en partie dans la dalle de béton 5, au plot 3, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de sangles. Les sangles sont pourvues de moyens de réglage pour régler la tension des sangles. Ainsi l'utilisateur peut affiner la position du plot 3 par rapport à la semelle 4. L'utilisateur peut ainsi régler l'orientation de la première face 12 de la cage 7 par rapport au sol. Les sangles ainsi mises sous tension permettent de stabiliser le plot 3 pendant l'étape de coulage du béton. Avantageusement, lorsque le plot 3 comporte un coffrage d'extrémité 30 en bois accroché à la cage métallique 7, les sangles sont accrochées au coffrage d'extrémité 30 afin de ne pas déformer la cage 7 lorsqu'on met les sangles sous tension. Puis, après l'étape de réglage S2 on coule S3 du béton pour former la semelle 4, comme illustré à la figure 9. En outre, le procédé comporte une étape S4, illustrée à la figure 10, dans laquelle on coule du béton au sein de la cage métallique 7 pour former le plot 3 en béton. Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, l'étape de réalisation S3 de la semelle 4 en béton et l'étape S4 dans laquelle on coule du béton pour former le plot 3 en béton, sont réalisées successivement sans attendre le séchage de la semelle 4. En variante, on peut attendre le séchage de la semelle 4 en béton avant de couler du béton dans la cage 7 pour former le plot 3 en béton. Afin de finaliser le dispositif d'ancrage 1, on coupe les sangles, le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est alors prêt pour recevoir l'ouvrage 2. Puis on remblais la fosse dans laquelle on a posé la dalle de béton 5 pour finaliser le montage.On the Figures 6 to 10 the main steps of an anchoring process for the foundations of a mechanical lift structure are shown. The anchoring method may comprise an initial step S0 for mounting the sole 4, as illustrated in FIG. figure 6 . During the initial step S0, the concrete slab 5 is made by embedding the cables 31 in the slab 5, and a metal structure 32 of the sole 4 is produced on the concrete slab 5. The cables 31 are tensile-resistant, preferably of steel. The metal structure 32 comprises a mesh of metal rods, and the structure 32 further comprises a receiving space 33 to integrate the stud 3 in the sole 4. Furthermore, there is a wooden formwork 34 around the metal structure 32 of the sole 4 to retain a poured concrete so as to form the sole 4 of concrete. The method further comprises a step of producing the stud 3, during which the metal cage 7 provided with the housing 11 is designed to receive the anchoring means 6, the anchoring means 6 are mounted in the housing 11, in In particular, the anchoring means 6 are fixed to the metal cage 7, then the flexible formwork 8 is placed around the lateral faces 14 to 17 of the cage 7. In particular, the step of producing the stud 3 is carried out in a zone outside the mounting site of the anchoring device 1, for example in a sheltered area. After the step of producing the stud 3, the method comprises a step of transporting the stud 3 while maintaining the integrity of the stud 3. The stud 3 is transported from the zone where it is made to the site where it is located. mounts the anchoring device 1. Then S1 is mounted on the pad 3 made on the sole 4, as shown in FIG. figure 7 . More particularly, the stud 3 is placed in the receiving space 33 of the sole 4. After the mounting step S1 of the stud 3, the method may comprise a step in which additional metal bars are welded to the structure 32 of the sole 4 and the interlocking metal rods of the cage 7. This step of optional welding makes it possible to connect the metal structures of the sole 4 and the pad 3 to reinforce the anchoring device 1. Then, the method can comprise, after the mounting step S1, a step S2 of adjusting the inclination of the first face 12 of the cage 7, as illustrated in FIG. figure 8 . During the adjustment step S2, the cables 31, embedded partially in the concrete slab 5, are connected to the stud 3, for example by means of straps. The straps are provided with adjustment means for adjusting the tension of the straps. Thus the user can refine the position of the pad 3 relative to the sole 4. The user can thus adjust the orientation of the first face 12 of the cage 7 relative to the ground. The straps thus put under tension allow to stabilize the pad 3 during the pouring stage of the concrete. Advantageously, when the stud 3 comprises a wooden end form 30 hooked to the metal cage 7, the straps are attached to the end form 30 so as not to deform the cage 7 when the straps are tensioned. Then, after the adjustment step S2 S3 concrete is poured to form the sole 4, as shown in FIG. figure 9 . In addition, the method comprises a step S4, illustrated in FIG. figure 10 , in which concrete is poured into the metal cage 7 to form the concrete pad 3. According to one embodiment, the step S3 of realization of the sole 4 of concrete and step S4 in which concrete is poured to form the concrete pad 3, are carried out successively without waiting for the drying of the sole 4 Alternatively, it is possible to wait for the concrete sole 4 to dry before pouring concrete into the cage 7 to form the concrete pad 3. In order to finalize the anchoring device 1, the straps are cut, the anchoring device 1 is then ready to receive the work 2. Then, the pit in which the concrete slab 5 has been laid is filled in to finalize the assembly. .

Selon une autre variante, après l'étape de coulage S4 du béton au sein de la cage métallique 7 du plot 3, on découpe une partie haute de la cage métallique 7 et du coffrage souple 8, c'est-à-dire une partie située au niveau de la première face 12, afin de laisser apparent le béton dans la partie haute du plot 3. Ce qui permet de remblayer la fosse jusqu'au niveau bas de la partie haute en béton apparent et supprimer les parties métalliques et plastiques de la cage 7 et du coffrage souple 8 qui resteraient apparents au dessus du remblais. Ainsi on empêche les parties métalliques de la cage 7 et du coffrage souple 8 qui resteraient apparentes après le remblayage et qui pourraient blesser des personnes.According to another variant, after the pouring step S4 of the concrete within the metal cage 7 of the stud 3, an upper part of the metal cage 7 and the flexible formwork 8 are cut, that is to say a part located at the level of the first face 12, in order to leave the concrete visible in the upper part of the stud 3. This makes it possible to backfill the pit to the low level of the exposed concrete upper part and to remove the metal and plastic parts of the cage 7 and the flexible formwork 8 which would remain visible above the embankment. This prevents the metal parts of the cage 7 and the flexible formwork 8 which would remain apparent after backfilling and which could hurt people.

Le dispositif et le procédé d'ancrage qui viennent d'être décrits permettent de fournir un dispositif d'ancrage robuste et rapide à monter sur site. En particulier, un tel dispositif d'ancrage est standardisé pour offrir la possibilité d'incliner l'ouvrage qu'il supporte avec une inclinaison dont la valeur est maîtrisée.The device and the anchoring method which have just been described make it possible to provide a robust and fast anchoring device for mounting on site. In particular, such an anchoring device is standardized to offer the possibility of tilting the structure that it supports with an inclination whose value is controlled.

Claims (15)

  1. Anchoring device for foundations of a ski lift structure (2), in particular an aerial cableway ski lift, comprising a block (3) designed to support the structure (2), characterized in that the block (3) comprises:
    - anchoring means (6) configured to receive the structure (2);
    - a metal cage (7) comprising a housing (11) to receive the anchoring means (6); and
    - a flexible formwork assembled around the lateral faces (14, 15, 17) of the metal cage (7) to retain a concrete cast inside the metal cage (7).
  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible formwork comprises a plastic coating (24).
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flexible formwork comprises at least one honeycombed plate (40).
  4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the flexible formwork further comprises a metallic meshing (27).
  5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flexible formwork is arranged outside the metal cage (7).
  6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal cage (7) comprises a first face (12) provided with the housing (11) to receive the anchoring means (6) and a second face (13) opposite the first face (12), the first face (12) be inclined with respect to the second face (13) with a non-zero slope.
  7. Ski lift line tower, comprising at least one anchoring device according to one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. Anchoring method for foundations of a ski lift structure, in particular an aerial cableway ski lift, comprising a block designed to support the structure, characterized in that it comprises a manufacturing step of the block in which:
    - a metal cage comprising a housing is produced;
    - anchoring means configured to receive the structure are assembled in the housing of the metal cage; and
    - a flexible formwork is assembled around the lateral faces of the metal cage to retain a concrete cast in the metal cage.
  9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the flexible formwork is made from a plastic coating.
  10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the flexible formwork comprises at least one honeycombed plate.
  11. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the assembly step of the flexible formwork comprises arrangement of the flexible formwork outside the metal cage.
  12. Method according to one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the production step of the metal cage comprises manufacturing of a first face of the metal cage provided with the housing to receive the anchoring means and inclined with respect to a second face of the metal cage opposite the first face with a non-zero slope.
  13. Method according to one of claims 8 to 12, comprising, after the block has been manufactured, a transportation step of the block preserving the integrity of the anchoring means, of the metal cage, and of the flexible formwork.
  14. Method according to claim 13, further comprising an assembly step of the block performed on a footing of the foundations, and a step wherein concrete is cast inside the metal cage of the block.
  15. Method according to claim 14, comprising an adjustment step of the incline of the first face, after the assembly step of the block has been performed.
EP14736874.0A 2013-09-26 2014-06-05 Method of making a ground anchor Active EP3049580B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1302239A FR3011012B1 (en) 2013-09-26 2013-09-26 ANCHORING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MECHANICAL RIDER AND LINE PYLONE RESTORATION FOUNDATIONS COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
PCT/FR2014/000126 WO2015044534A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2014-06-05 Anchoring device and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3049580A1 EP3049580A1 (en) 2016-08-03
EP3049580B1 true EP3049580B1 (en) 2017-11-01

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EP14736874.0A Active EP3049580B1 (en) 2013-09-26 2014-06-05 Method of making a ground anchor

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JP (1) JP6483094B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102322558B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105556039B (en)
BR (1) BR112016006217B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2657113T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3011012B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015044534A1 (en)

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JP7422054B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2024-01-25 鹿島建設株式会社 Concrete structure construction method and concrete structure
CN114790715B (en) * 2022-05-27 2024-05-14 中交二航局第一工程有限公司 Self-adaptive folding steel template device

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KR102322558B1 (en) 2021-11-04
JP6483094B2 (en) 2019-03-13
CN105556039B (en) 2018-07-10
BR112016006217B1 (en) 2021-10-19
WO2015044534A1 (en) 2015-04-02
EP3049580A1 (en) 2016-08-03
ES2657113T3 (en) 2018-03-01
KR20160062011A (en) 2016-06-01
BR112016006217A2 (en) 2017-08-01
FR3011012A1 (en) 2015-03-27
FR3011012B1 (en) 2015-11-13
JP2016532022A (en) 2016-10-13
CN105556039A (en) 2016-05-04

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